Chavycha (lat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - kahi ʻano mānoanoa o ka iʻa anadromous o ka ʻohana salmon.

ʻO ka salmon nui o ka Pākīpika. ʻO ka maʻamau ka nui o ka salmon chinook holo ka 90 cm. Ma nā wai o ʻAmelika, ua hiki ka chinook salmon i ka lōʻihi o 147 cm. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hihia o ka hopu ʻana i nā sime chinook he 61.2 kg i kau ʻia.

Hele mai ka inoa mai kāna inoa Itelmen "Chowuich." Kāhea ka poʻe ʻAmelika iā Chinook i ka inoa ʻo India Chinook a i ʻole moʻolelo aliʻi - ke aliʻi aliʻi i ka inoa o ke aliʻi aliʻi o Salmon.

Nā Poʻomanaʻo

Ma nā wai Asia, noho lākou ma ke kahawai o Anadyr, ma Kamchatka, nā ʻAmela Commander, ma ka muliwai Amur a me Hokkaido ʻākau. Hoʻonui ʻia ia ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika mai ka hema ma Kaleponi a hiki i Kotzebue Bay ma Alaska, e pili ana i nā Mokupuni o Aleutian a me ka ʻAriki, a i ka muliwai Coppermine. ʻO ka hapa nui i nā muliwai o British Columbia (Canada), Washington State (USA) a me ka ʻO Sacramento River (Kaleponi).

Ma muli o ka poʻi nui ma Kamchatka, ua pau loa nā kime o Chinook i loko o nā kaomi wai o ka peni. I kēia wā, pāpā ʻole ka lawaiʻa iʻa i kēia iʻa ma ke kahakai komohana o Kamchatka, ma ka hikina Chinook salmon kahi ʻae ʻia e ka hopu.

Kāleka

ʻO ka hope, dorsal a me nā ʻōpū caudal i uhi ʻia me nā pihi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka chinook salmon mai nā ʻalemona ʻē aʻe i kahi nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 15) ka nui o nā kaila gill. ʻO ka lole o ka moena e kapa ʻia ma mua o kahi iʻa e like me ka chum salmon, pink salmon, a ʻo ke kāne wale nō ka ʻeleʻele me nā ʻulaʻula i ka wā o ka spawning. Hiki ke hilahila ʻia ka salino chinook liʻiliʻi me ka salmon coho, akā ke ʻano ʻia nā chinook salmon e nā ʻūpā uliuli ma ka ʻūʻī o lalo, a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi wale nō i uhi ʻole i kona kua a me ka moʻo caudal, akā he lua nā lua o ka pa caudal.

Spawning

No ka lōkō, hele mai ka salmon chinook i loko o nā kahawai nui, ka mea i piʻi pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi mamao loa (a hiki i 4 tausani mau kilomita). Spawns i Iune - ʻAukake, i nā muliwai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kauwela salino Chinook i ke kauwela āpau. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā iʻa ikaika me ka pōʻai wikiwiki (1-1.5 m / sec) a kikowaʻi i nā lua o nā puhaka i loko o nā pōpō nui a me nā ʻili me kāna huelo. Hānau aku ka wahine i nā hua he 14 tausani nui ma mua o ka salum chum. Ua waiho ʻia ka palaoa i ka hua liʻiliʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi (mai 3-4 mau mahina a 1-2 mau makahiki), e like me ke kaila ʻulaʻula, ke noho nei ma ka muliwai, ʻo kekahi o lākou, ʻoi aku ka kāne, ʻelemakule ma laila, hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o 75-175 mm i 3-7 kauwela kauwela. Aia ka puka dwarf, i hōʻike wale ʻia e nā kāne hele i puberty me ka hele ʻole i ka moana me ka lōʻihi o 10-47 cm ma 2 mau makahiki o ke komo ʻana i ka spawning me nā kāne hala. Ma nā muliwai ʻAmelika, aia nā hale noho maoli. I ke kahawaiʻo Columbia, hōʻike ʻia nā wai salmon Chinook e ʻelua mau makahiki - ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela.

ʻO nā manawa kikoʻī o kēia mau ʻano he hoʻoilina. Noho ʻo Chinook salmon i ke kai mai 4 a 7 mau makahiki paha. He mau kānaka ʻano anuanu kēia a e aloha i ka wai o ke Kai Bering e pili kokoke ana i ka paʻu o ke Kaʻāina a me Aleutian Islands. Pā nā manu ma ka muliwai i nā mea ʻino i nā aʻalolo a me kā lākou huaʻī, nā ʻōpala a me nā iʻa ʻaʻa. I ke kai, ke kumu no ka meaʻai o Chimonok salmon he mau planktonic crustaceans, iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā pū.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke aliʻi o ka iʻa

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻokoʻa mai nā loiloi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana salmon Chinook i nā nui nui. ʻO ka specimen nui i kākau ʻia he nui ma mua o 61 kilograma. I ka lōʻihi, hiki i kēia mau iʻa nui ke hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa e hele ai e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi o 90 sentimita.

Ma Kamchatka Krai, hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kauā a Chinook ma luna o 180 cm, a i loko o nā wai o ʻAmelika - 147 cm.

Ma ka kua, ʻo ka dorsal a me ka caudal fin, he mau wahi liʻiliʻi ia o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka nui o nā salmon ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa e ka nui o nā kumu gill - ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau ʻāpana.

Kapono chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

ʻO ka paena o ka moe ʻana i ka iʻa-iʻa i ʻike ʻia e like me ke ʻano, no ka laʻana o ke ʻano melonoma a i ʻole salum chum, ʻo ke kino kāne wale nō i ke ʻano o ka māla a hele mai nā wahi ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke hilahila ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi me ka coot, akā he chinaok salmon he mau laula ʻeleʻele ma ka iʻa haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa nā wahi ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole wale ma ka kua, akā i ka lāʻau caudal a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka hope caudal.

ʻO ke ola o ka ʻano iʻa hou a ke aliʻi

ʻO ka pīpī no ka wā lōʻihi e haʻalele i nā kahe wai hou, ma ko lākou mau wahi hānau lākou e noho nei mai 3 mau mahina a 2 mau makahiki. ʻAi kekahi aliʻi makua i ka wai paʻakai e ʻai i nā squids a me nā ʻano iʻa pālua. A hānai nā poʻe ʻōpio i nā hua lāʻau o nā pepeke, nā mea kanu a me ka palaoa o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe.

No ka spawning, komo ʻo Salmon Chmonok i nā kahe nui e piʻi ana he 4 tausani mau mika.

Ke hele nui nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka peʻa, hōʻole ʻole lākou i ka meaʻai. I kēia manawa, he mauwailua o kā lākou huina. Hoʻomoana lākou e ka pahuhopu hoʻokahi - procreation. Ma hope o ka hakakā, make ka pākeke. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hāʻawi i kahi pane kūpono i ke kumu e hana ai kēia mea; ke manaʻo ʻia nei i ka wā lōʻihi e hala ana ka iʻa i ko lākou ola, no ka mea, he huakaʻi kipa loa kahi mamao.

Akā, ʻaʻole make nā ʻano like ʻole o ka iʻa ma hope o ka hele ʻana o nā huakaʻi paʻakikī, akā e hoʻi hou i ka wai. I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio, ua ʻau lākou i ke kai. Loaʻa ka chimonok salmon chimonok i 3-7 mau makahiki.

Ke hoʻolele nei ʻo Chinook i ka lāʻau i nā mea i hoʻopio i ka wai a me kā lākou mau pua, nā ʻōpala a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.

Līlī ʻo Chinook i ka wai i ke anuanu, no laila ke hele nei ia i ka paona ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kai Bering kokoke i ke Kaʻāina a me Aleutian Islands. E noho lōʻihi ana ʻo Chinook ma loko o ke kai, e neʻe ana i ke kahakai a i kahi mamao o 1000 kilomita. Aia kekahi ʻano dwarf o ke kāmela Chinook, i hōʻike wale ʻia e nā kāne, nona ka ʻōpio i kū i 2 mau makahiki me ka loa o ke kino o 10-47 kenimika. ʻAʻole hele kēia mau kāne i ka moana, akā e hoʻomau e noho i nā kahawai, akā e komo i ka spawning me nā kāne holo pūlima. No ka laʻana, ma ka muliwaiʻo Columbia i laila he 2 mau wahi o ka salmon chinook dwarf - ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela.

Chinook salmon habitat

Wahi a nā wehewehe ʻepekema, aia ʻo Chinook salmon i ka wai ka wai o ka ʻohana salmon. ʻOiai ʻo kēia ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa i ka nui o kona ola ma waho o nā palena o nā wai wai a i kahi mamao loa mai nā wahi i hānau ai. ʻO kēia ma muli o kekahi huringa ola, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana āpau o nā salmonids.

ʻO Chinook salmon i loaʻa ma waena o ka palena komohana o ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika ʻAmelika a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o nā mokupuni o Iapana, a me Kamchatka a me Kuril mau Mokupuni.

I nā wai wai o nā kaila wai o British Columbia, Wakinekona, ma ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ma nā loko waiʻo Anadyr a me Amur, loaʻa kahi wai wai o ka salmon Chinook.

I kēia mau manawa, ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea kanu salmon i kēlā me kēia, a ʻoi aku ka chinook salmon ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā Chinook salmon i nā mahiʻai i kūkulu ʻia ma nā kahua nui ma United States a me New Zealand. Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole e nā kūlana o ke ola o ke kanaka, ke piʻi mau nei ka nui o ka iʻa e loaʻa ana, ma muli o kona helu ʻana.

Nā iʻa ʻo Chinook: wehewehe

Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i ka salmon Chinook me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana salmon, a laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano lāʻau Chinook e ka paona koʻikoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ka spimens i nā iʻa maʻamau e ke kaupaona ana o 6 i 17 kg, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa e hopu i kahi ʻano kūpaʻa a ʻo ka 30 kg. Hoʻopaʻa ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa o kēia iʻa ma kahi o 60 kg. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa maʻamau mai 85 a 115 cm, akā i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa nā kānaka me ka lōʻihi o 1.5 a 2 mau mika.

ʻO nā hōʻailona hoʻohanohano kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ke poʻo a me kona kino. Kūpono ka ʻāpana o ka iʻa i nā wahi i noho ai a hiki iā ia ke loaʻa kahi kala hina, a me ka uhi ʻalaʻula-kālā a ʻoliva paha. ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū o ka iʻa a me kona mau ʻaoʻao he kumu kala. Ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma luna o ka laina ma hope a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua, kū i ke kapa dorsal a me caudal, ʻele nā ​​wahi pōkole o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ke hele ʻana o ka manawa, ua loli ke ʻano o ka saloni a Chinook: ma ka māhele o ke kino kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, a pōʻeleʻele ke poʻo poʻo. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano iʻa o kēia ʻohana, ma mua o ka manawa spawning, ua loli ka ʻoliʻoli i ko lākou helehelena.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā salmon Chinook mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana ma nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole he nui ka nui, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke kua, ʻele a me nā pua o ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe wai o ka salmon ma ke kino o ka iʻa, ka ʻano o nā salmon X-like spot a me nā kaila ʻulaʻula ma ke kino.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke ola a me ka hana

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ke ola o ke kauā o Chinook i nā ʻāpana he nui:

• ʻO ka hānau hānau ʻana ka wai wai wai.
• ʻO ke ola ma kēia wahi no nā makahiki ʻelua.
• Nā neʻe i ke kai a noho ma laila a hiki i ka makahiki 3-5.
• Hoʻi hou i nā wahi i hānau ai ia e hoʻomau i kāna ʻohana.

ʻO nā moʻokāki o kekahi mau ʻano o kēia ʻohana, e ulu lōʻihi ana mai 10 a 50 cm, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ko lākou mau wahi, ʻoiai e hoʻokō ana i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kaʻina hana manuahi me nā kāne kāne ʻē aʻe. Ua hele nā ​​wai salmon o Chinook i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, e neʻe ana i nā kumu ākea mau, e kūleʻe ana ma ka manawa like a hiki i 4 tausani mau kilomita. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa no kahi manawa lōʻihi: ma nā ʻano kūlohelohe maʻamau - mai Iune a ʻAukake, a ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau - mai ka haki a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.

Aia i ka muliwai, e ʻai ana ka iʻa.

1. ʻO nā āpau āpau.
2. Iniseti.
3. ʻAʻole iʻa nui.
4. ʻAʻole nui nā crustaceans.

I ka neʻe ʻana o ia i kai, ʻo kāna ʻai ʻana:

• ʻOkiʻoki.
• Keawe-laima.
• ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
• Plankton.
• Kākau.

ʻO ka hoʻokūkū o Chinook Salmon

ʻO ke ʻano iʻa ka ʻai a Chinook e like me ka waiwai nui, ma muli o ke kahe i loko o nā mea pono a pau e pono ai ka hana pono o ke kino o ke kanaka, me ka hiki ke kuke i nā kīʻaha like, no ka mea maikaʻi loa nā loiloi. ʻO ka ʻai kāmino Chinook me ka momona o ka huaola B1 a me B2, a me ka huaora C, PP, K, E. Hoʻohui pū kekahi i nā huaora, nā ʻiʻo ka piha o nā ʻāpana o nā mea pono maikaʻi, e like me ka zinc, selenium, calcium, potassium, fosfor, hao, magnesium, molybdenum , sodium, nikel, chromium, fluorine, etc.

Loaʻa ka ʻiʻo Chinook a i ka 20 g o ka protein i ka 100 g o ka huahana. ʻO Choline a me nā Omega-3 fatty acid, ʻaʻole ia e hānai ʻia e ke kino kanaka, ʻike ʻia i ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻopili kēia i nā docosahexanoic (DHA) a me nā acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA), nona ka hana e hoʻoikaika ai i nā membranes, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻokō kūpono ʻana o nā kaʻina metabolic i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻai iʻa, me kona caviar, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka digestibility kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke kime me nā mea waiwai a pau e like me ka hiki. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, noho ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi kūikawā i ka meaʻai o ke kanaka.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka caviar chinook e ka hele ʻana o kahi ʻono o ka ʻono, a ʻo nā hua manu i loaʻa i ka nui a hiki i ka 6-7 mm. I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka iʻa ke hoʻopaʻa iā 14 tausani hua.

Ua liʻiliʻi loa ka hapa nui o ka momona i ka ʻai a me ka hapa wale nō i ka 11-13.5%, ka mea liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻai mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa o ka ʻohana salmon. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻiʻo me ka ʻulaʻula nui me ka hua pua hue. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua like kona ʻiʻo me ka ʻai i nā salmon. Me ka kuke kūpono a kūpono hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ka salmon chinook hiki ke hoʻololi i ka momona ma mua o ka ʻiʻo o ka salmon.

Kuhi ʻia ka waiwai o ka iʻa chinook ma 146 kcal i ka 100 gr o ka huahana. Hiki i kēia mau ʻōuli i loko o nā palena liʻiliʻi, ma muli o kona noho ʻana, nā makahiki, ka wahine, ka manawa lawaiʻa, etc.

Nā pono āpau a me nā pōʻino o ka iʻa salino Chinook

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa aila chinook, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i kēia hopena:

• Hōʻalo i nā kaʻao hana hoʻonāukiuki a me nā atrophic e hana ana i ka pūnaehana nū pili e pili ana i nā mea pili i ka makahiki.
• Hoʻemi i nā hōʻemi o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka sclerosis, kahi maʻi a Alzheimer a me ka dementia.
• I ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
• Hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe koko i loko o ke kino.
• Hoʻoikaika ka iwi iwi, hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā māka koko, me ka osteoporosis hoʻi.
• Hoʻomaopopo i ka hana maʻamau o nā umauma o ka ʻike, hoʻōla i ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana o ka nika me ka hanauna o nā mea hoʻonaninani hou, e hōʻoia i ka lawe kinai ʻana o nā mea ʻeha mai ke kino, e hānai ana i nā ʻāpana me nā mea hana piha piha.
• Mālama i ka leo o ka ʻōnaehana vascular, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiʻona ʻana o nā ʻenehana ikaika biologically i loko o ke kino, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka pale aku i ke kino mai nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kumu paʻakikī.

ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻai kime chinook e pili i ka hiki o ka hoʻopiʻi kino ʻana i ka wā hāpai o ka wahine. ʻOiai naʻe, ʻike pinepine loa kēia mau ʻano (1 mai 250 mau hihia), ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka pohō o kēia kiʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻopauʻana i ka ʻiʻo chinook ua palena ʻia i nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i nā pilikia me ka gastrointestinal tract o kahi ʻano maʻi.

ʻAuhea a pehea e paʻa ai ka salmon Chinook.

Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa maikaʻi loa i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka mua e piʻi i ka wai ma kahi o nā papa spawning. Akā aia kekahi pōʻino i kāna hopu paʻa ʻole, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi emi nui o ka nui o kēia iʻa ʻona a maikaʻi.

Hoʻomaopopo ka hapa nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻo Chinook salmon he iʻa palau a me ka akahele. Ua haʻi lākou ua koho ka iʻa i nā wahi kaʻa e paʻakikī ai ke komo i nā ʻōlelo lawaiʻa.

ʻO nā iʻa i ulu ʻia i nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole pono ke hopu iā ia i kēlā mau wahi. I ia mau hihia, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā mea i hopu ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.