ʻO ka ʻūlani - kahi mamalia e pili ana i nā mamental placental, kekahi ʻano o nā ʻūpiki, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka holoholona ʻuhane loa. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, he ʻōpala ke kaʻi wale nō e hiki ai ke neʻe ma ka lewa, ma ke kumu o kēia hiki ʻana iā lākou he manu. Akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻopua lākou, ʻaʻai lākou i kā lākou ʻōpio me ka waiū, ʻaʻole ka manu.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka holoholona nocturnal o kēia mau holoholona a me ka nānā ʻana weliweli ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o nā moʻolelo a puni lākou, a ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi ʻo nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e moe ana i nā wahi i waiho malū ʻia i loko o nā mea pōkole maoli e kaʻi ana i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona e inu i ko lākou koko. ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea āpau i kēia mau kuʻuna.
ʻO ke kumu i kapa ʻia o ka ʻūpā
ʻIke ʻia ka inoa "bat" wale ma ka Lūkini ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka 17 kenekulia, aloha no ka unuhi ʻana i ka puke Kelemania. Aia kēia ʻatikala a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā holoholona o ke kāwili.
Ma Lūkia, aia kekahi mau inoa: bat, ka ʻeke, ka pāʻina ahiahi, ke kukui pō, ka mea holo lio, me ka ʻū, nā pua, ka pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke hōʻike nei nā mea āpau i ka hōʻailona ma waho o kēia mau momm a i nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou ola.
ʻO ka mea i like me ke ʻano ma ka inoa hou. ʻO nā holoholona no ʻaʻohe hānai me ke kauoha rodent he ʻano like loa ia me ka helehelena. ʻAe, a ʻo ke kani o ka pāʻu e like me ka squeak o nā rodents, a ʻo ka hiki ke lele ke hoʻohui i kahi wehewehe ka mea i lilo ka inoa o ka pūʻulu ʻāmi.
Nā Wāwā
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia mau holoholona, nā eheu. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi: ʻo ke ʻolua he manu a manu paha.
He ʻākī ʻole nā ʻēheu i ulana ʻia ma waena o ka mua a me nā wāwae o ka hind. ʻAʻole like nā manu, ʻaʻohe hulukulu o nā ʻāpana, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā membran me nā manamana lima lōʻihi loa o nā forelimbs.
Hiki i nā ʻēheu ke hilinaʻi ma nā ʻano he 16 cm ka 1.5 m.O ke ʻano o ka pīhoihoi ʻike, hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā ukana nui a hoʻomohala a hiki i ka 20 km / h.
He ʻeke kāwei
Heʻuʻuku loa ka kino o nā holoholona: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pōkole ma mua o nā forelimb i hoʻololi ʻia me nā manamana lima ʻelima nona nā kīhiki ikaika. ʻAʻole nui nā wāwae o ka holoholona, ua pōkole ka humerus, no laila heʻuʻuku kona neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ka mea nui no lākou.
He ʻōwili ʻia ka ʻūhā me ke alo o ka pōkole i kekahi mau ʻano a ua elongated i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā pā, ua ʻike maka ke kino. He like lākou me ke poʻo a me nā ʻēheu.
Loaʻa nā holoholona i waiho ʻole ʻia i ka lauoho. ʻO ka hapa nui, lawelawe ia i kahi hoʻololi no ka mālama manu i ka wā o ka lele.
Hoʻokumu ka ʻeha i kahi hana nui i ke ola o kahi holoholona ʻaʻole loaʻa kahiʻike koʻikoʻi. I ka aneane like ʻole a nui loa.
Hōʻola nā ʻoihana he nui o nā kīʻaha koko i nā pepeiao, no ka mea, ʻo ko lākou komo ʻana i ke ola o nā pā i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou me ka hiki ke neʻe a me ka hopu.
E hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā holoholona i nā leo kani, nā mea, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā mea, e hoʻi. Ke ʻano o kēia ʻano hana i ka honua i kapa ʻia ʻo echolocation. Loaʻa i ka hiki ke hopu i nā leo kūlohelohe e like me ka uila uila e kōkua i nā ʻalā e lele ma ka pō, e hoʻolohe ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea hiki ke hopu.
Na maka
ʻO kā Bats kahi nohona nocturnal, kahi i hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o ko lākou nānā ʻana. Loaʻa nā maka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i nā hakahaka āpau i mua o ka muzzle.
Akā no kēia mau holoholona aia kahi ʻokoʻa. No laila, kanu maikaʻi ʻia ka mea kanu lāʻau ma Kaleponi i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka lohe ma mua o ka lohe.
Ina e noho ana kahi moena e like me kahi puaa, alaila oe i ike ai i lele loloa iloko o kahi lumi a ke kukui, e hopu ai, hopu wale ke aniani, huli koke ka holoholona me ka lele.
ʻAno nā niho a pau i nā niho: i ka iwi āi i hiki ai ke nānā i nā mea laikini, nā molars a me nā niho mua mua. Akā ʻo ko lākou helu, ka nui a me ka hoʻolālā e pili wale i nā ʻāpana a nā ʻāpala i kai ma ke kai kūlohelohe.
ʻO kēlā mau ʻeke, ka mea nona nā meaʻai a nā iniseti, he 38 o nā niho, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka lōʻihi o kā lākou hiʻi. I loko o nā kahe waiū maʻi koko, e like me ke kānāwai, ua mālama ʻia ka iwi āpau o nā niho he 20, a ʻaʻole nui lākou a nui a hoʻomohala ʻia e like me kā lākou mau inikua insectivorous.
Kūwau
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpū he lau dull: brown, hina, ʻeleʻele hina. ʻO kēia no ka pono e hele me ka ʻike ʻole i ka wā mālama manu. Akā i waena o kēia mau holoholona i laila he mau mods maoli: nā ʻano o ka iʻa a me ka iʻa a me ka melemele ka melemele i ʻike ʻia. Aia nā pāpale i nā pale o ia mau kala māmā: fawn, kukui melemele.
ʻO ka pahu keʻokeʻo Honduran ke pīpī i kahi pale keʻokeʻo o nā hulu a me ka ihu a me ka ihu kukui.
ʻOkoʻa paha ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana. Aia nā holoholona me ka hulu mānoanoa a me ka hulu, lōʻihi a pōkole loa.
Honu ka leo ʻelua leo
ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano pili aneane i nā ʻāina a pau o Eurasia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i Lūkia, mai Siberia hema i nā palena komohana. Noho lākou i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi, a ma nā ululāʻau, a me nā ʻūhā. Noho kekahi holoholona o kēia holoholona i nā wahi a pau o nā hale o nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau pā a hiki i 6.5 cm, a ʻo nā ʻēheu he 33 cm. I ka manawa like, ma ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ka 23 gram. ʻO ia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻōlelo ai i ka ʻili ʻelua ʻelua i ke kala.
ʻO ka kala kumu o ka holoholona i wehewehe i kona inoa: pepeiao, ʻalā a me nā ʻēheu i ʻeleʻele loa, he ʻeleʻele ka hope, a he keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻopau i nā ʻōhua ʻelua i nā leo ʻeke nā nocturnal.
ʻAno pāʻaha ahiahi
Noho ka kēia pā i ka ʻāpana Europa. ʻO ka pāʻina ahiahi nui kahi hui nui loa e noho ana ma Rūsia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino e loaʻa ana he 11 cm, ke kaumaha - 70-80 gram, a me nā ʻēheu - 45-50 cm.
ʻAʻohe ʻano kukui o ka holoholona: maʻa mau ia he brown a he tan paha, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū ma ke kua. Akā, ʻaʻole e ʻike i ka lele ʻana o kēia mau mea i paʻakikī, no ka mea, ko lākou nui.
Nānā i ke ola o ka pā pāʻina, ua ʻike lākou ua ʻai kēia mau pek i nā pepeke nui. Ma Rūsia, makemake lākou i nā pīpī a me nā pōpoki.
Noho ʻoi aku lākou i nā kumulāʻau pinepine. ʻOiai no ka hiki ke mālama i nā haʻahaʻa ma nā kau, i ka manawa anu, hele nā holoholona, koho i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO ka lau keʻokeʻo
Ua loaʻa i ka papa keʻokeʻo kona inoa no kona helehelena mua: ke keʻokeʻo kā lākou hulu hipa me nā wahi ʻeleʻele hina ma ka ʻōpū. Akā he aniani nā ihu a me nā pepeiao o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano, a ua like ko lākou helehelena me nā lau lau. Me he mea lālau ka holoholona i ka lau ia.
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mākaʻi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpū: ʻo ka nui o ke kino ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 4-5 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 7 wale nō mau paona. Heʻuʻuku loa no kekahi manawa i ka wā he manu ia.
Ua kū nei kēia hana mana keʻokeʻo ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America, Honduras, Panama. No ke ola, koho lākou i nā nahele evergreen, kahi lākou e loaʻa ai i nā meaʻai - ficus a me nā hua.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona like o ka holoholona ka mea e hānai ai, no laila ua maʻamau nui ka ʻaka ma ka home.
ʻ Batpū puaʻa
Kūpono ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi loa: ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau grama, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 3-5 cm. I kekahi manawa ua hilahila lākou me nā bumblebees.
Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa no ka ihu mua, e like me ka piglet. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo maʻamau ka waihoʻoluʻu maʻamau, i kekahi manawa he brownish. ʻO ka pale ma ka ʻōpū i loaʻa i kahi leʻaleʻa kaʻoi aku.
Noho ia ma nā ʻalā puaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma komohana o Thailand a ma kekahi mau mokupuni kokoke. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe maʻamau, no laila, ua manaʻo ʻia i ka hopena me kēia wahi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo kā lākou lawena pū ʻana: ʻoiai lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a lele pū me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
He paʻakikī nā mākeke liʻiliʻi me ka maka ʻalo ʻole, no laila e paʻakikī ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou ola.
Hua'ōlelo nui
Noho kēia mau holoholona i ka'āpana mai ke kahua hema o Mexico a hiki i ʻAmelika ʻākau, a me Bahala a me Antilles.
ʻO ka paʻu nui ka pā nui: ʻo kona paona i hiki i ke 80 grg, ka nui o ke kino e piʻi i ka 13.5 cm.
He hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i nā holoholona: he ʻulaʻula a hāmau nā kāne, i kekahi manawa he ʻulaʻewa wale nō, akā nani a nā pua wahine, hina hina.
ʻO ka inoa ʻalua - he ʻāpana lawaiʻa iʻa i loaʻa - kēia mau māka i loaʻa ma muli o ka hana ʻai. Makemake nā holoholona e noho kokoke i nā loko wai. Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai o ka pīpī, ʻaʻole wale nō nā pepeke, e like me ka nui o ka ʻōpū, akā ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā limu liʻiliʻi a me nā baki.
Ma ke ala, hiki iā lākou ke lele i waho e ʻimi ai, ʻaʻole i like me nā ʻelele he nui o kā lākou kime, i ke ahiahi.
Kō wai wai
Ua wehewehe ʻia ke ola o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano me ka ʻepekema Farani e loaʻa ʻo Dobanton. No ka mea hoʻonani iā ia ua loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona ko lākou inoa ʻelua - ka maka o ka dobanton.
ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku a 15 ka nui o ka momona, nā parirau - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 27 cm, a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 5.5 cm) makemake i ka ʻimi kokoke i nā loko, e makemake ai i nā kao a me nā mea inu wai koko a me ka wai ʻai.
He wahi hānai nui nā pā liʻiliʻi: ma Rūsia e hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Volga haʻahaʻa, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Ussuri, ma Sakhalin, Kamchatka, ma nā ʻāina ʻo Primorsky, noho lākou ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ma Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Mongolia, Italia.
He ʻoluʻolu ia i ka helehelena (ma ka maʻamau ʻo ko lākou hulu he aniani ʻulaʻula), he poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi lākou, e hoʻopau ana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo āpau.
Hoʻopili i nā pepeiao pepeiao
ʻO ka hapa nui loa o kēia mau ʻōpala i kā lākou pepeiao nui. Me ka laulā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau grama a me kahi nui o ke kino o 5 cm, nā manawa a nā pepeiao i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kino. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kaena i ke kala kumu: he huluhulu maoli kā lākou hulu hina.
Loaʻa nā pepeiao i loko o nā ʻāpana āpau o Eurasia, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻApelika, ma Kina.
No ko lākou mau home, pili lākou i kēlā me kēia wahi: nā ana, nā hale, nā lāʻau. I ka manawa pinepine, lele lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi mahana, akā e hoʻi mau i ko lākou hale kahiko.
Kōkua nui ia e ʻimi iā ia i loko o ka pouli piha.
Kai dwarf
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka poʻokela liʻiliʻi o nā pūʻulu o ka ʻōpū e noho ana ma ʻEulopa. Aia kona kino a 4 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ia he g 6. He mau ʻāpana lōʻihi a lōʻihi paha a hiki i 3 cm.
Kūpaʻa ka ʻāpana o ka holoholona i ka wahi o kahi e noho ai: i nā holoholona e noho ana ma Asia, ua ʻeleʻele, hina, i ka brown brown.
Noho nā pēpē kokoke i kahi noho kanaka, koho pinepine i nā lotics o nā hale a me nā hē.
E makemake aku nā ʻelele o kēia mau ʻano i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ka meaʻai, e kōkua nui ana, e hoʻopau ana i nā kauā o nā kao a me nā mea alo.
Hoʻolālā maʻamau
Nui ka nui o nā mea hoʻopuka i ka manaʻo o nā ʻūpiki he hiki i ka poʻe vampires ke hiki ke inu i ke koko āpau mai kahi holoholona a i ʻole kekahi. ʻO kekahi inoa inoa nui he ʻano koko nui. Hiki i ka nui o ka enzyme i loko o ka wai wai o kēia mau holoholona: ka mea e pili ai i ka coagulation koko. Hiki i kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi ke hōʻeha i ke koko nui. A inā he nui nā minima o ka nui o nā koko e lele i ka pō, a laila hiki ʻole ke make.
ʻAʻole kēia he māla nui (a ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o 50 mika, a me nā ʻēheu a hiki i 20 cm) a pau ka lā, e moe ana i lalo i kāna peʻe i loko o kahi hui nui o nā kaikunāne, a ma hope o ka pouli ua lele ia i ka ʻimi. Ua koho ʻo ia i ka mea pio ma waena o nā holoholona hiamoe, ka mea nui i ka poʻe kahu - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale. Ke koho ʻana i kahi i kokoke i nā moku ma ke kino, hana ka holoholona i kahi ʻalehu a kuʻi i ke koko, e holo koke ana mai ka ʻeha.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā vampires e kanaka inā holo lākou i ka pō i nā wahi i hiki ai ke kipa i kēia mau pā.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻano holoholona i Hema a me Central America.
ʻO nā vampire manu keʻokeʻo
He maʻamau ka nui o ka ʻelele o kēia ʻano no nā ʻōpala: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 11 cm, ʻo ke kaupaona a hiki i 40 karā, a ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 40 cm.
E like me kahi manu vampire maʻamau, ke ola ʻana o kahi holoholona ihe i ke keʻokeʻo ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central. ʻO kona kapa i kahi palahalaha ulaula, ʻiliʻili māmā ma ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻopau ka manu wīwī manu nā manu manu i ka manu, ʻo ia ko lākou koko ka mea ʻai i ka holoholona.
ʻAuhea vampire
Noho ia ma nā wahi like me kona mau kaikuaʻana, e ʻai ana i ke koko. Akā hiki i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano holoholona i hōʻoluʻolu i nā manu a me nā holoholona.
ʻAʻole like me nā kāki ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i lohe ke kūkākūkā ʻia nā wāwae, no kāna mau mokulele ʻaʻole ia i hilinaʻi nui i ka echolocation maʻamau e like me ka hihiʻo.
ʻO ka kala kala-hina a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokokoke kokoke i kā lākou mau poʻe pōʻino i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Ua hōʻike ka nui o nā mea noiʻi i nā vampires e haki maoli ana i nā poʻe: hiki iā lākou ke lele kokoke loa, a noho pono ma ko lākou mau lima.
Aia i hea nā papa peʻa?
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā wahi i noho ai nā ʻāpana, a laila pono mākou e papa inoa i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mea wale nō, ʻo nā wahi o nā tundra a me nā ʻāina i uhi ʻia i ka hau. I kēia mau kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ʻole ke ola o nā ʻoliki. ʻAʻohe holoholona o kēia mau moku ma kekahi mokupuni mamao, no ka mea hiki ʻole e hiki iā lākou ke hele i laila.
Ma nā kihi āpau o ka honua e hiki ke hālāwai i nā ʻelele o kēia detachment. ʻOiai i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui, i nā kaola o nā hale kiʻekiʻe, ʻike nā pale pā.
Hāʻawi ka ʻōpū i ka loko i ka wai i loko o nā ana, kahi, e hoʻopili ana i nā pihi, hiamoe lākou i ke ao, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke naualolo e lele lākou e ʻimi. Aia nā lua ma kahi o kāu mau kaukani he mau kaukani pā. ʻO kekahi manawa ke kiʻekiʻe o ke papake o ka hana i loko o lākou i kahi mita, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā holoholona a me ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma kēia wahi.
ʻAʻohe wahi palekana maoli, ua kau ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma nā lāʻau, e peʻe ana ma waena o nā lālā. I kekahi manawa noho lākou i nā hollows i haʻalele ʻia, hiki ke kūkulu i nā pā no lākou iho mai nā lau nui, nānā o nā mea kanu uhu, a noho hoʻi ma waena o nā hua o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā mea nui no ko lākou hale, kahi e hiamoe ai ka pahu i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, he palekana me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lā.
ʻAʻole hopohopo kēia mau holoholona i ka poʻe, no laila ke waiho mālie lākou i nā hale hale, nā hale hoʻolale, a me nā hale holoholona.
ʻ .lelo ola ʻo Bats
Noho ka ʻānela ma nā kuʻina, a ma nā ʻāpana he mau haneli o nā wale no. Hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mau ʻano i ke ʻano o ke ao i nā pōpoki, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e kau i lalo i lalo i ka noho kaawale ʻana.
ʻAʻole e noho ʻo kēia mau holoholona i ka hānai ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hana i nā hana pū like: ke ʻimi wale nei lākou.
ʻAʻole hana nā mākeke a me nā ʻohana. Ke wehe wale nei i ka manawa hana o ka moe ʻana, hoʻopoina koke ʻia lākou i kekahi i kekahi.
I nā wahi kahi i nā wā anuanu, hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻomaleleka, ʻoi aku a hiki i 8 mau mahina. I kēia manawa, hoʻopili ʻia nā pā i kā lākou mau ʻēheu, hoʻopili ʻia i lalo i kekahi wahi ākea a hiamoe hoʻi me ka ʻole e ʻai ai.
Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke neʻe i ka wā holo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, lele lākou i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu. ʻO kekahi manawa i loko o kēia manawa hana ke kue i nā mamao o 1000 mau mile.
Inā ʻae ʻia nā kūlana kūlohelohe, e noho mau nā holoholona i nā makahiki a puni.
Ehia mau pā e ola?
Ua kū nei kahi nīnau hoihoi: ehia mau makahiki i noho ai nā pā i loko o ke ʻano? ʻO ka kali ʻana o ke ola he 5 mau makahiki. Ehia mau pā e ola ai i nā ʻano. I waena o kēia mau holoholona, aia nō hoʻi he centenarians, hiki i kona makahiki ke hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka papa ma ka home ka mea e ola ai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e ia mea ma ke ʻano, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pono o ke ʻano he nui.
Pehea e hua ai nā pā peʻa?
He mau hiʻohiʻona ka hana o ka pōpoki. ʻO kekahi mau mea e noho nei i nā wahi māla mahana e hānau keiki keiki ʻelua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole pili ka wā moena. ʻAʻole ʻae ka noho ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kaliki i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o ke ʻano hoʻokolokolo kāne.
ʻO kēlā mau holoholona e noho nei i ka latitu haʻalulu e lawe wale i ka hua ma hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻO ka maʻamau ke hele a hana i ka hāʻule, a hiki i ka manawa e hele ai nā holoholona i ka hānau ʻana. Akā ʻo ka huaʻehā i komo i loko o ke kino o ka wahine ʻaʻole e hoʻohua koke i ka hua, akā aia paha i loko o kahi hoʻokipa a ala aʻe.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka hapai i ka, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mea i kau ai i nā ʻano ʻano a me ke aniani: a i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ulu lōʻihi ka pēpē.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau nā wahine i hoʻokahi ʻekahi, liʻiliʻi a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. I ka wā hānau o ke keiki, ua huli ke kiʻi. Hānau ka pēpē me mua o kona mau wāwae, kahi ʻānai loa i nā momi, a koke koke i loko o ka ʻeke huelo, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia ai ma kahi hebedoma. Ma hope o nā keiki, peʻe lākou i nā hale pahū a hānai me ka waiū. ʻO kēia hiki i kēia mau auwaha i hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa: he ʻaka he māla paha, ʻaʻole i makemake ʻia i ka ʻano he mammal.
I ka hebedoma mua loa, lawe ka wahine i kāna pahu me ia ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pō. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻo ia i kona makuahine i ka wā o ka lele. Akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā ia ma ka malu, no ka mea ua lilo ka pēpē, ʻaʻole hiki paha ke lele pū me ia i kahi lōʻihi.
I loko o hoʻokahi pule, a i kekahi manawa ʻelua, ʻaʻole mau a pau ka keiki, a hala hoʻokahi mahina ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e ʻimi kūʻokoʻa ma kahi o ko lākou wahi pale, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ia wahi.
He aha nā papa e ʻai ai a me ka hopu ma ka hihiu?
Aneane nā hopa āpau e lele me ka wī a i ʻole a ma hope iho o ka pō. ʻO nā mea ʻo ka ʻike a ʻoi loa ka pōʻino i ka lohe. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻōpū i hānai i nā mea inu manu. Lohe lākou i kā lākou neʻe aʻe a ʻimi i ka waiwai ma ka lele a loaʻa paha i waena o nā lau.
Aia kekahi holoholona i leʻaleʻa wale nectar o nā pua a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau hua.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano nui i ʻai ʻia e nā ʻōlima a me nā mea nui pū kekahi.
I waena o nā pāʻu, aia ka pā, e hoʻopili ai i nā baki a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, koe wale nō nā iniseti. Lele nā holoholona ma luna o ka ʻili o ka wai a hoʻoholo i kahi e loaʻa ai ka mea i make e ka splash.
Akā ʻekolu mau make koko e ola ana, a ke ola nei lākou i ka Hema a me Central America. Holo lākou iāi e ʻimi i ka pō, loaʻa nā holoholona, hana i nā pōpoki a koko.
Nā ʻenemi ʻenemi
ʻAʻole nui nā ʻenemi i nā kino i loko o ke ʻano, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi loa nā holoholona. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o ka nohona nocturnal ʻaʻole iā lākou e komo i ke ʻano me nā holoholona he nui i ka lā. Hoʻopili maikaʻi lākou i kā lākou mau hale liʻiliʻi a ola paha i nā kolana nui, kahi hiki loa i nā makaʻu ke komo i nā holoholona a me nā manu he nui.
Akā i nā pō o nā pōloli i nā pō pōkoki (mau ʻeke a me nā ʻānela) hōʻeu pinepine nā pā i ka pōkō, ʻoiai he paʻakikī loa ia e huki iā lākou: echolocation i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka pōʻino a kau i nā kumulā a i nā mea make.
I kēlā mau ʻōlelo, kahi a nā ʻalā lāʻau e noho ai, he ʻōpala, hūnā i nā lālā, ʻaʻohe mea ʻono loa. I ke ao, ʻo nā holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e moe ana i nā hale moe a i ʻole hoʻi mau ka manawa e ke kaʻe ʻana i kahi ʻenemi liliʻu kokoke. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke mākaʻikaʻi i ka lā, no laila e lilo lākou i mau no nā nahesa e hiki ke ʻai i nā pā liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā ʻakaʻaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano ʻano i loko o kahi paʻa o nā kīnā ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kahe ʻana o ka pūnaewele i ka pōʻeleʻele, ma kēia hihia e kōkua ʻole ʻo echolocation. Akā hiki paha ke lohe i ka loiloi pepeke ua hiki i ka pūnaewele o nā pā. I kekahi manawa he nui nā spider, ka mea e haki ana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole make maoli i ka ʻikepili pio-i mea e hopu ai i kahi nui i nui - kahi pōkole.
ʻO nā ʻaka i nā manawa e lilo ai nā meaʻai o nā mea ʻala nui - nā mākeke, nā trochees a me nā martens, e kolo ana i nā holoholona hiamoe a make lākou.
Akā ʻo ke ʻenemi nui nā kāne. I kekahi manawa luku luku nā kānaka i nā kolana o ka ʻuā ma ke kuhihewa wale ʻana iā lākou. ʻOiai ʻo ka holoholona e lawe mai i nā pono he nui, e luku ana i nā mea inikini e lawe i ka maʻi.
Hana ia mea ʻaʻohe mea e like me kāna pahuhopu e pepehi ai i nā pā. ʻO kekahi mau mea kanu a mea ʻole paha he mea make i ka holoholona lele.
He aha nā mea e pono ai nā pōpoki?
Ma ke ʻano maoli, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻeke ma mua o ka hōʻeha. He nui wale nā ʻano wai-ʻuʻuku koko, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻia he mau ʻūpiki e halihali i nā maʻi.
Akā, hoʻopau lākou i nā iniseti, e lele ana mai ka holoholona hoʻokahi, a hiki i ka mea e hoʻopuʻi i nā maʻi. I loko o kēia wā nui, ʻai nui nā holoholona i ka nui o nā namu, a me nā mea pōpoki a me nā mea pōpala, nā mea he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā ʻāina pāpū, e hōʻeha maoli i nā maʻi make.
Mālama lākou i nā māla mahiʻai a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai mai nā pōpilikia hiki ke hoʻopau i nā mea kanu a hōʻeha paha i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Ke lele mai ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu, kōkua lākou i pollinate iā lākou.
ʻO ka huapalapala pōpoki he pupuk maikaʻi loa. I kekahi mau ana, kahi i noho ai nā kolone holoholona, a hiki i hoʻokahi mita o ka excrement ke hōʻiliʻili.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kinipoki lapalapa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Maʻa ʻohi
I kēia manawa hou, ke hoʻomaka nei ka poʻe i loko o nā holoholona ʻaʻole wale nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, akā kekahi mau holoholona ʻē aʻe, aia pū ka pā. I ka home, e lawe kēia mau holoholona i ke aʻa, akā, ʻaʻole eʻoluʻolu e like me nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Inā makemake ʻoe e mālama i ka pā ma ka home, a laila e hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i kona ola ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻano.
ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomanaʻo mau he mau lua wale nō nā peʻa. Inā hoʻolālā ʻoe e nānā iā ia i ke ao, a laila pono ʻoe e mahalo i ka holoholona hiamoe. Akā i ka pō e makemake kāu holoholona e lele, kahi hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pilikia.
Kahua hale
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e pono ka mākeke ma ka hale i kahi aviary nui loa, kahi e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke lele. Pono e hoʻolako i ka hale me nā lālā, nā pale, i loaʻa i ka holoholona ke hūnā i ka hoʻomaha o ka lā.
Ke kau aku nei i nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻāpu ma laila, ma ke keʻena kahi e noho ai ka holoholona, pono ma kahi o 30 degere, he lawa ia no ka noho ʻana o kahi kanaka.
ʻAʻole lawa ke kūpono o ka manu manu no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā koʻoko i ka pō maikaʻi hoʻokahi a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike e lele ka holoholona ma luna o kou mau poʻo a leʻaleʻa i nā mea ʻai manu.
Pehea e hānai ai i kahi papa ma ka home?
Ma ke kaina kūlohelohe, makemake nui ka hapanui i nā iniseti, kahi a lākou iho e hopu ai, e hana ana i nā lele pō. Ma ke ala, a ma ka hale e hānai ʻia lākou i ke ahiahi, hoʻokahi lā i ka lā.
ʻAʻole loaʻa i kahi ʻeka ma ka home ke hānai iā ia iho, no laila ʻo kaʻai nui a ka holoholona pono e kokoke loa i ka maoli kūlohelohe. Akā ʻaʻole kēia manawa ka lewa a nā kahu holoholona maoli e hopu i nā kao i ke ahiahi a lawe mai i kā lākou holoholona i ka waihona. He aha lā e hānai ai i kahi papa liʻiliʻi, inā e noho ana ʻo ia ma ka home?
Ke kūpono nei ka hana hou ʻana i nā pā:
- palaoa ʻāpala, pupae o nā iniseti, gherkins makua, ʻōpala hua manu, meli maoli, ʻōmole waiū no ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki a hoʻokahi mahina.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mea hānai i ka holoholona: hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka hua yolk, kahi meli a me ka waiu E me ka waiū waiū. Pono ʻoe e ʻohi i ka holoholona a hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka ʻano ma ka pipette. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ke ʻano o ke koena i loko o ka friji.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻai maikaʻi i nā kīʻaha, akā no ka manawa pōkole. E ʻoluʻolu loa ke ʻeke lāʻau i ka meaʻai, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia e ʻai ai mai kona mau lima. Aia paha ia ma ka hoʻomaka 'a e hōʻole i ka meaʻai.
E ʻike ana i ka mea pōmaikaʻi maoli a ʻai ʻana i ka home, e hoʻomanaʻo he hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai a hiki i ka hapalua o ko lākou paona i ka manawa, ʻoiai me ka hana liʻiliʻi e pōʻino ai i ko lākou olakino. Mai hana iā lākou;
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻōpū
- Ua kūpaʻa ʻia ka manaʻo he mau vampires e lele ana i waho e ʻimi i ka pō a inu i ke koko o kā lākou poʻe i make. Hoʻolaha nui kēia hoʻoponopono i ka manaʻo o kekahi holoholona, akā ʻaʻole naʻe me ke kumu. ʻAʻohe kūpono i nā hihia o ka ʻakaʻaka e hōʻeuʻeu i nā kānaka, akā ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hukū kekahi mau mea pili i nā holoholona nui i hiki ʻole ke pale aku a inu i ko lākou koko. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea e ʻai ai ka pā ma ka nahele a ma ka home, ʻaʻohe holoholona momona ma waena o lākou. E pili ana i nā hana metabolism maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke huki i nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai i ka hapalua hola, ʻoiai i ka hola o kā lākou ʻimi holoholona hiki ai i kekahi mau mea ke hopu a ʻai a hiki i 60 nā pepeke. Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke kaomi o ka enzyme i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka lawena e hiki ke kōkua i nā poʻe e hōʻeha nei i ka maʻi ʻeha. Kahi i ke koko o kekahi kanaka, pale kēia ʻano pale i ke kaua ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka hōʻola mau i ka puʻuwai. Ke hana nei ka noiʻi noiʻi ma kēia wahi. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā ʻike maikaʻi e pili ana i nā ʻōpala, ʻike ka lehulehu i ka hiki ke hiamoe ma luna. ʻAʻole like kekahi o nā ʻelele o ke aupuni holoholona e like me ia. ʻO ka mea ʻoi ke kuhi nei i kēia papa hana ke hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha i nā ʻenemi i pili i ka lele. A mālama kēia i ka ikehu i ka wā o ka lawe hala: hoʻihoʻi ka holoholona i nā ʻāpana a paʻa ia, a hāʻule i lalo a lawe i kahi maneuver. Pono kūpono loa nā wāwae haʻahaʻa e holo a me ka pana. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano kupaianaha: i ka mokupuni o Borneo, aia kahi kanu karnivorous e huki ana i nā pā pā me nā kani kūikawā. Akā, ʻaʻole ia e ʻai mau iā lākou, akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i kona mau kahuhina. I ka hoʻi ʻana, ua haʻalele nā peku i kā lākou hoʻopuka ʻana, ka mea e pono ai ka mea kanu, i ka mea hoʻokipa hoʻokipa. Kahiʻokoʻa kēlā hōʻailona ma ka kūlohelohe.
He mea paʻakikī paha ke noʻonoʻo aku, akā ma kekahi mau ʻāina i hana ʻia nā lāʻau mai nā ʻōpala. No laila, ma India, camphor, 'aila niʻa, hoʻelua i ka momona a me nā koko o kēia mau holoholona i kāwili ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau no ka radiculitis a me ka ʻalopī, ʻike ʻia e nā kauka Kina i ka ʻona ʻa ka ala maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hihiʻo. I Kambodila, nāʻaila i kau ʻia ma nā ʻanuʻu meli ʻāleʻa i mālama i ke anu. No mea nui ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā pākahi nui a ka ʻikepili i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā fairy moʻo ʻana e pono ke komo pū.