Kālala ʻia nā ʻelele o ke ʻano ʻo Bufo (ʻohana Bufonidae) ma nā wahi āpau ʻē aʻe wale nō ʻo Antarctica. I waena o lākou aia nā dwarf i ka nui o nā mau kenimita wale nō a kaupaona nei ʻo 2-3 mau grama a me nā mea nui maoli i kaupaona 2 kilograma a i ʻole. ʻOiai ke ʻokoʻa o nā ʻokoʻa ʻole a me nā kūlana ola ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano, ka hapanui o nā wīwī ma muli o kā lākou mau papa e maʻalahi a pio.

Hoʻokomo ka hua ʻia Bufo i nā ʻano lāʻau, akā ma waena o nā terrariums, nā holoholona terrestri wale nō ka maʻamau. Pono ka nui o nā ʻōlima nui i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ʻo kahi pālima nui, e like me ka aha, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi hiki ke 40-liter. ʻO kahi lumi hoʻoluʻelima he kīʻaha 200-liter aku aku, ua pani ʻia ma luna me kahi uhi mesh no ka hoʻoweliweli. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokolohua i nā holoholona nui ākea 8-10 a i ʻole he 3-4 nui.

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau kuʻu i ka lepo a no laila he mea nui loa e koho pololei i kona ʻano. Hoʻohana kūpono ia e hoʻohana i kahi hui o ka lepo lepo, peat, paʻu sphagnum a me kahi mea kanu (hoʻonui i ka pālala, charcoal, a pēlā aku) i kahi o ka 3: 1: 1: 1. ʻAʻole hōʻino nā ʻano o kēlā ʻāina i ka ʻili o nā holoholona a ʻaʻole momona i kahi lōʻihi. Hiki i nā lāʻau kanu ke kanu i loko o ia mea. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi aniani, pono ʻo ia e hoʻolako no kekahi mau pā, inā ʻaʻole e kāʻeliwili ʻia kahi palaki nui a puni nā mea āpau ʻaʻole he hewa ma mua o ka makahi.

I kahi terraruim i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia me ka nui o ka hānai, nui ka ʻano o ka ʻaka i ka phlegmatically. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi ʻāina maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, driftwood, bark tree, moss forest. Mai nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i ka poʻe me nā ʻōpala kūpono a me nā lau, no ka laʻana, nā ʻano hua like philodendrons, monsters a me nā ficuses.

E pili pono i nā kulekele i nā kūlana o ka paʻa: hiki i ke mahana ke mai 12 a 28 o C, ka haʻahaʻa - mai 40 a 95 mau pakeneka. ʻAʻole like ka hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa: ʻoiai ʻo ke kāʻei manu e alakaʻi i ke ala ʻelua, akā wikiwiki lākou i ke kukui ʻōlamalama. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻomau ka lepo i ka manawa āpau.

ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā amphibians pākiko ka mea maʻalahi loa, e ʻai ana lākou i kekahi mea e ola ai nā meaʻai kūpono - mai nā kahe koko a me nā kiʻī liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio i ka meaʻai. Pono lākou e hānai e like me ka mea hiki, me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana o nā huaora a me nā mākau mau minamina (mau huaora B 1, B 6, B 12, kalepona glycerophosphate, phytin), inā ʻaʻole i pau ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano lāʻau. Mai hāʻawi i nā mea make me nā integuments paʻakikī e hiki hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻōpū o nā amphibians.

Ma nā ʻāina āpau o kā mākou mau mea pākōlani he nui nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana o ka pua ʻo Bufo, e noho ana ma Rūsia a me nā ʻāina e kokoke ana, ma ka ʻāina o mua o USSR.

ʻO ka manu kaila (B. viridis) he holoholona ʻōpiopio o ka nui (a hiki i 12 cm), pālahalaha ma ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā wailele home - ʻo ke "kāhea o ka ua nui" ka noho ʻana, e noho ana i nā wahi i kahaki a me nā wahi neoneo, e pili ana i nā kahe o nā kahawai a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā holoholona hina (B. bufo) he holoholona nui a hiki i 20 cm lōʻihi a loaʻa pinepine i nā terrariums amateur. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka Far Eastern toad (B. gargarizans). Aia nā hihia i noho a kahi poʻe hina hina i ka pio a hiki i ka 20 a hiki i ka 28 makahiki.

ʻO ka ʻanālo noke (B. calamita) kahi liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 8 cm). He mea kupaianaha no ke ala o ka neʻe ʻana: ʻoiai me ka makaʻu, hoʻokipa nui loa, makemake ʻole e holo i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e huli koke i kona mau wāwae. Pono kēia ʻano holoholona lūlū e mālama pono ʻia a i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book i kekahi mau ʻāina.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻulā Mongoli (B. raddey) i ka ʻoihana. ʻO waho, kūʻokoʻa ia i nā ʻano ʻalani ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili, "frog" a me kahi moʻi kūʻai. I loko o kahi terrarium, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o nā kāmeʻa ʻē aʻe: ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ke kauwela kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 o C), ka ʻāina overdried, roughage.

ʻO Danatina toad (B. danatensis) o waho, a ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano ola e like me ke kao ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano lāʻau tropic i nā terrariums amateur.

He ʻaka manuahi ka ʻōlelo melemele ʻeleʻele (B. melanostictus) he 10 cm ka lōʻihi. Ma ka helehelena a me ke ʻano ka like me ka hāhā hina, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ia, he ʻano ʻokoʻa a ʻānō a ʻaʻohe ona hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.

He holoholona holoholona nui loa ka Toad aga (B. marinus), hiki i kekahi mau kanaka ke lōʻihi he 23-24 cm a me ke kaumaha ma mua o 2 kg.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua aha ia ʻo ka pono e pili i ka iʻa. Ua kūpaʻa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano ʻoihana o Ausetalia, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ka ʻāina hānau ʻo ʻAmelika. Ua lawe ʻia mai i Ausetalia e kāohi aku i ka iniseti maikaʻi ʻole. I ka terraton, ua maʻalahi ia e mālama iā aha ʻO kekahi manawa noho ʻo ia ma ka lumi kahi e ʻae ʻia ai ʻo ia e lele ma luna o ka papahele. I kēia hihia, pono ia e kau i loko o kahi ākea, no ka laʻana, ma lalo o ka moena o kahi pā i ka wai me ka sphagnum māla.

Panther toad (B. regularis) kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o Aferika i loaʻa i nā terrariums. ʻO ke kaumaha nui pinepine ʻia o nā mea i nā maʻi like ʻole.

He mea paʻakikī loa ka huki ʻana i kēia mau manu. I ko mākou'āina, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua, a hiki i ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻenehana (pīpīwī, kahi diapause lōʻihi loa, nā inikini hormonal). Inā ʻike ka ʻikepili o ka waki, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa me kahi waiwai o ka nui ʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻi me ka pau ʻole, a laila i ka spawning, i ka nui o ka wahi waiwai a me kona nui.

I ka mālama ʻana i nā wīwī, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau mea make nui nā holoholona, ​​a me nā hiʻona o ka ʻili, e hele ana i ka membrane mucous (mau maka, waha) e hōʻeha i ka huhū nui, a i nā ʻano he nui nā pōʻino o nā ʻano like ʻole. he holoholona maikaʻi loa kēlā mau ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia ʻano.

Aga-toad (Bufo marinus)

Aga-toad (Bufo marinus), pehea nō ka ʻohana o nā moʻomeheu a pau Bufonudae, ka noho i ka ʻāina mai nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika ʻAropa a Patagonia, akā ma muli o kona mau ʻanohike ʻole i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea ʻino, ua lawe ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Ma kahi o 20 cm lōʻihi, brownish, pinepine me nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana māmā. Ua nui ka lihilihi, a he wahi nui no ka terrarium nui no ia, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka lele a me ka piʻi ʻana. E uhi ʻia ka lalo i kahi pākuʻi o ka ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomau. I loko o kēlā mehana palupalu, makemake nui ʻia ka palaoa i ka eli ʻana. Pono ka papa liʻiliʻi i kahi loko liʻiliʻi, nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia, nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana nui e lilo i wahi no ka pale. ʻO nā mea kanu, pilikia nui kēia, e like me ka wīwī he holoholona ikaika loa me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. No laila, no kahi terrarium, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu paʻa wale e maʻalahi e hoʻololi. Nui ke aloha o ka manu i ka penumbra a me ka mahana o ka ea, ka wai a me ka lepo i 25 ° C, hiki ke mālama ʻia me ke kōkua o kahi radiation. Pēlā ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ka territory, he mea ia e kau i kahi kukui kīwaha, i huli ʻia i ka pō. I ke ahiahi, hūnā nā ʻū a puni i ko lākou mau pā hale, me he mea lā ikaika wale lākou i ka wanaʻao. I ke ahiahi, hele mai lākou i ke ola a hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Nā nā pepi nui, nā kolo, a me nā kiʻi hou i hana ʻia no lākou. Inā kūʻoluʻolu ka ʻili i ka terrarium, a laila hiki ke ʻai ia mai nā lima o kona kahu. Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kou pā, pono ʻoe e holoi i kou mau lima e holoi i ka ʻāʻī, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai i nā kihi pepeiao.

Kuhi: Kiʻi - Bufo blombergi

Nā Manaʻo Nā Kūlana

He kūpono ka terrace 55 mau ʻāina no ka mālama ʻana i nā wīwī ʻAmelika. I loko o kēia papa territo he mau pālua o nā pākeke. Pono kahi pāpū ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka lele e lele maikaʻi.

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i ka nohona nocturnal, a hiamoe i ka lā, e peʻe ana i kahi substrate a i ʻole nā ​​noho. ʻO ia ke kumu e maʻalahi ai ka papahele i ka mea e hiki ai ke eli a me ka eli. He maikaʻi ka paila niu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi substrate me ka vermiculite a pōwī. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka litter leaf a i ʻole ka sphagnum. Inā mālama mau ʻia nā wīwī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi koho maʻalahi - nā ʻolo pepa maloʻo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke one a me ka maʻa no ka mea manalo ka ʻūlū.

Ua kiʻekiʻe nā koi no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau wāwae.

Hana ʻia nā pāla mai nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ana, reptile, pot pua, driftwood a pēlā aku.

Mālamaʻia ka mahana a me ka humuhumu i ka terrace

I ke ahiahi, lawe ʻia nā wili i ka lōpela lau, kahi e noho ai ka mahana haʻahaʻa. I ka terrace, pono e mālama i kahi mahana o 16 a 21 degere. I ka pō, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mahana i nā kekona he nui.

ʻO nā wīwī ʻAmelika mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke ākea e mālama ʻia i kahi mahana i nā kiʻekiʻe he nui aʻe.

Noho nā Amphibians i ka haʻahaʻa ma ka lumi maʻamau. Inā he mea wai i loko o ka terrarium kahi i hiki ai i ka pālolo ke hoʻopailua ai, e hōʻoluʻolu maoli i nā ʻōnaehana makika. I kekahi mau manawa wai kahele o ka substrate a pipiʻi paha i ka terrarium.

Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka palena i ke kuokoa, e pālahalaha ana ke kuʻi i ka nui o nā microbes pathogenic i hōʻeha ʻia i nā fauna a puni.

Pono nā ʻōpala ʻAmelika e komo i ka wai. ʻAʻole pono ka loko i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka manamana wāwae. Hoʻololi ʻia ka wai i loko o ka loko i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā ʻūlū e hele ai i loko o ka wai i ka pō. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i ka pōkole, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kū i ka ea e hoʻopau ai i ka klorine, a hoʻohana ʻia ka wai o ka hue.

ʻO kā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

ʻAʻole koi kēia mau wīwī i ka meaʻai. Ke ʻai ʻia nei lākou a pau i nā invertebrates e kūpono i loko o ko lākou waha: nā huaʻaʻai, nā ʻōpala palaoa, nā hua lāʻau pala, nā wīwī a me nā ʻōpū zofobas.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻaina he ʻokiʻoki, ʻo ke koena o ka meaʻai i hāʻawi ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa ma ka hebedoma.

E like me nā pēpē ʻē aʻe, ʻai nui kēia ʻano holoholona i nā pepeke a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā kui manu he 6 mau mea inikua meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā 2-3. ʻO kahi lihilihi liʻiliʻi 2.5 mau kenimika ka nui o ka hānai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā me Drosophila a me nā crickets liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka meaʻai e pono ai me nā huaʻai a me nā lako hoʻohui lae, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia mau ʻai he 2-4. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā huaora i nā holoholona ʻōpio.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.