ʻAi: nā manu
Kauoha: Passeriformes
Kāohi: Cardinalinal
Kāmaʻa: Kāleka
Nānā: Cardinal Red
ʻAmelika inoa: Cardinalis cardinalis
Pelekane Pelekane: Northern cardinal
Habitat: nā māhele hikina o ka USA, ka hema ma Kanada, Mexico, Bermuda, Hawaii, hema Kaleponi, i hoʻonui aku i ka hema i Guatemala
ʻIkepili
Kēlā kāleka, Virginia Cardinal, Virginia Nightingale, ʻĀkina ʻĀlio paha Red Cardinal - he lei mele maikaʻi ʻulaʻula like-finel e noho nei ma ʻAmelika. Ma hea ka inoa i hea mai ai ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kona ʻano - he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻula o ia mau ʻulaʻula like me nā kapa o cardinals o ka hale pule Katolika Roma nāna i ʻaʻahu i nā lole ʻaina ʻulaʻula a me nā pāpale. ʻO ka wahi maoli o ka manu cardinal ʻo nā ʻāpana hikina o ʻAmelika a me ke kahakai hikina o Mexico a me Canada. I ka makahiki 1700 ua lawe ʻia 'ia ʻo ia i Bermuda, a ua lanakila nui ʻo ia, ua hana' ia nō hoʻi ma nā Mokupuni o Hawaiʻi a ma Kaleponi hema. No nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ua lawe ʻia mai i Western Europe he manu hoʻohālikelike. Ke kūlohelohe nei, noho ka nahele i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā māla, nā māla, nā kumu lāʻau. E koi 'ia i nā' āina anthropogenic a ua loaʻa ia ma nā pā o nā kaona nui, no ka laʻau, ma Wakinekona.
No nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ka Cardinal Keʻāina, a ʻo nā Lūkia, he bula. A e like hoʻi ma Rūsia makemake lākou e hōʻike i kahi bullfinch ma nā kāleka hoʻoilo, pēlā ma USA a me Kanada - he cardinal. A ma ka lā Kalikimaka a me ka Makahiki Hou ka ʻike ʻana o kēia manu ʻulaʻula e like me ka ʻike ʻana iā Santa ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hukihuki ʻo Frosty, ka ʻulaʻulaʻula ʻo Rudolph. ʻO ke kiʻi o kēia manu kahi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai: ʻo ka mea mua, ma ka pili ʻana i nā kāleka Kalikimaka, ma ka pena kiʻi, nā pālani, nā puka aniani i kūkulu ʻia, nā pā hale hoʻonani, nā paʻi, ma nā pahu a me nā kīʻaha - ʻaʻole ʻoe e kākau i nā mea āpau. ʻAe ka ʻaha hoʻohālikelike i nā kulu hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: aʻo ʻole ʻoe e ʻike i nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo kēia mau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i luna o ka hau keʻokeʻo e lele lele mai kahi a kahi e noho ai a hauʻoli paha ma luna o nā lālā hau. A inā, ma ka manawa, ua pīkī mai nā hua rowan ulaula mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo, hāʻawi ʻia kahi kiʻi hoʻonani. Ka manu ʻulaʻula ma kahi lālā me nā hau - kahi punahele punahele o nā kāleka Kalikimaka. Koho ʻia ke kiʻi o ka manu ma nā hōʻailona alahikaha ma nā mokuʻāina ʻehiku o ʻAmelika: Indiana, Virginia, West Virginia, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio a me North Carolina. Ma ke ala, hiki i ka manu cardinal ke lilo i prototype o kekahi o nā kiʻi i loko o ka pāʻani kaulana "manu ʻalā"
ʻO ka cardinal kekahi o nā ʻano nui i hōʻike mua ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i kāna hana 18th kenekulia, System of Nature (lat. Systema naturae). I ka mua, ua komo pū ʻia ʻo ia i loko o genus Klesta, aia i kēia manawa nā crossbills wale nō. I ka makahiki 1838, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻohana Cardinal a loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Cardinalis virginianus, ʻo ia hoʻi "Virgin Cardinal." I ka makahiki 1918, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa ʻepekema iā Richmondena cardinalis no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Charles Wallace Richmond, he kanaka ornithologist ʻAmelika. A i ka makahiki 1983 ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ka inoa ʻepekema i kā Cardinalis cardinalis i kēia lā.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke e pili ana i 20-23 cm, paona 45 g. ʻO ke kāne ke kala aku i kahi ʻōpala raspberry hoʻopoina, me kahi "pōkole" ākea a puni nā maka a me ka ʻopa. Loaʻa i nā wahine i kahi palupalu hina-hina me nā mea ʻulaʻula ulaula i nā ʻēheu, nā ʻōpio a me nā umauma, a he mea māmā ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO nā manu ʻōpiopio e like like me nā kala me nā wahine makua. ʻO kaʻulaʻula nā wāwae. ʻO nā maka me nā hawewe-brown. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā hulu elongated.
E hoʻopiha ana ke mele kāne i ka hale me nā leo nui a me ke kani melodic, me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā moʻo o ka nightingale. E hīmeni wale nā wahine, akā mālie a ʻaʻole nani loa. He mele nui a ka mele me nā ʻano like ʻole, e pili ana iā "kyu-kyu-kyu", "chiir-chiir-chiir" a me "cara-ala-punā". Noho like nā kāne a pau a puni kahi makahiki. ʻO ke kāhea maʻamau ʻo ia ka "chip." No ka mea i nā momona cardinals maʻalahi i momona, pono ʻoe e mālama iā lākou i loko o nā cages a i nā avia ma kahi o hoʻokahi mita ka lōʻihi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻae i ka manu i loko o ka wehe i kēlā me kēia lā.
E like me ke kānāwai, ua koho nā cardinals i ʻelua i pai no ke ola. Ke manuahi nei kēia mau manu a hoʻohana ʻole i nā hale kūlohelohe, no laila, i ka manawa moe, kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana, a kōkua ke kāne nāna. He mea kūpono hoʻi ia i ka wā o nā manu lawaiʻa ikaika loa a hiki ke hakakā me ko lākou poʻe hoahānau e noho ana i nā wahi pili, no laila, e mālama pono ʻia ka pā laila mai ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. He nani loa ka cardinal mika a ʻaʻole kika. He mea paʻakikī a maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o kāna hana, no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mea nona ka manu exotic me nā mana leo maikaʻi loa.
Nā manu ʻōpio "nā niho momona" - leʻaleʻa lākou e ʻai ana i ka elderberry, juniper, cherry, grape, strawberry, raspberry, ash ash, sugar maple pua no nā ʻona, nā ʻoma, ka ʻōpala a me nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe ma ka hana o ka waiū-waki mākeke, nā hua lāʻau, nā greens a ʻo nā ʻōpū palaoa, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ʻimi ai i nā pōpoki, cicadas, butterflies, grasshoppers, caterpillars. Ua hānai nui ʻia nā ʻōpio e nā pepeke.
I ka wā aloha, hana ikaika loa ke mele ʻana o kēia mele hīmeni. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i kona ikaika, e hāhiʻe i kona umauma, e hoʻolalaha i kona huika ʻulaʻula, e kō ana i kona mau ʻēheu a huli hou i ka ʻūhā hema a me ka hema, me he mea lā ka manaʻo e hōʻike i kona neʻe nui i nā mea nani o kona leo. Kau hou hou aku nei keia mau mohai, lele kulou iho la ka manu a i mea e hanu ai. I kēlā me kēia lā ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka cardinal i ka wahine e noho ana i ka hua me kāna mele ʻana, a mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa i ke ʻano ʻana me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa i kāna kāne.
No ka manu ʻōlani ka ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole i ʻae ke kāne i nā kāleka ʻē aʻe i komo i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ia me ka leo leo nui iā lākou e lawe ʻia ka wahi. Hoʻokumu ka wahine i kahi pūnana. He kapu kapu, he pala, a loaʻa ma ka lāʻau a i ʻole kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa. Aia nā hua i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha me nā kiʻi hina a ʻulaʻula paha. Kūpono ka piha piha he 3-4 hua. Noho ka Incubation i 12 a 13 lā. ʻO ka wahine wahine wale nō ka hana, a hoʻomaikaʻi wale ke kāne iā ia a i nā manawa hoʻololi iā ia. Holo koke nā moa keiki mai waho o ka pūnana, a hānai nā kāne iā lākou, a hele ka wahine i ka pipi aʻe. Aia iā 2 - 3 pipi i ka makahiki. ʻO ka ola ola o kahi cardinal ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he 10 - 15 mau makahiki, i ka pio - a hiki i 28 makahiki.
Aia he 19 subspecies of cardinals:
Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis
Cardinalis cardinalis affinis
ʻO ka canicaudus cardinalis cardinalis
Cardinalis cardinalis carneus
Cardinalis clinaloni
Koliua cardinalis cardinalis
Cardinalis cardinalis flammiger
Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus
Cardinalis cardinalis igneus
Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis
Cardinalis cardinalis magnirostris
Cardinalis cardinalis mariae
Cardinalis cardinalis phillipsi
Saturatus cardinalis cardinalis
Cardinalis cardinalis seftoni
Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis
Cardinalis superbus superbus
Cardinalis cardinalis kūlanakauhaleendi
Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus
Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nā manu Cardinal e nā manu nui o ka manu ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e komo pū kekahi, nā ʻalupua āpau, nā puʻu, a me kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻano manu ʻaiwāwao - nā ʻalelika lōʻihi lihi a me nā ʻoniʻoni ʻĀkau ʻAmelika. ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki a me nā hua i pio ʻia: nā puʻupuʻu striated, nāhe nui, nā maka a ʻulaʻula, nā puʻu hina, nā puʻu kīwila, nā kīmakiki a me nā pōpoki kūloko.
Akā manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻōhua Cherokee ʻo ka manu kōkōlani ke kaikamahine a ka Sun iho! Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ko lākou moʻolelo.
«I kēlā lā, ua hoʻonoho ka lā ma ke awakea e kipa aku i kāna kaikamahine. Akā ma kahi hanana he pōpilikia - make koke ke kaikamahine a ka Ha. Akā ua like kēlā. Hoʻomaka ka Lā e hoʻohewa ma mua o nā kānaka: No ke aha lākou, ke kīha nei lākou, ke nānā nei iaʻu, ʻaʻole ke nānā i nā maka a pau. A ʻo ka Pane iho lewa koke nei: A ke nānā mai iaʻu, e ʻakaʻaka nei nā kānaka. Hoʻopiʻi ka leʻaleʻa i ka lā, a ua hoʻoholo e hoʻopaʻi i ka poʻe. Mai ia lā ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopau me ka aloha ʻole - hoʻomaka ka make nui, nui i make. He aha ka mea e hana? Hele mākou i ka ʻenekia no ka ʻōlelo aʻo. A hāʻawi akula ia e pepehi i ka lā. Ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ʻelua mau kānaka i nā nahesa weliweli a hoʻouna ʻia iā lāua i ka hale o ke kaikamahine a ka Sun. Ma laila lākou e ʻohi ai i ka lā. ʻAʻole hiki nō kēia i nā maka, nā lālani, a hala ka lā, huhū, hoʻokū ʻo lākou i kā lāua kaikamahine.
ʻO ka ʻeha weliweli i hopu i ka Lā, ua huna ʻia kēlā Aia ka pōʻeleʻele ,ʻeleʻele. Hele hou nā kānaka i ka ʻenehana. ʻO kēia ka hopena e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaikamahine a ka Sun mai ke Aupuni o ka mea make. Hāʻawi ka mea ʻāʻī i ka pahu e kau iā ia ma laila, akā ua ao ʻia: no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e wehe a hiki i ka mea e noho ana ma ka honua. Ua ʻaihue nā ʻelele i ke kaikamahine. I ke ala, hele mai ʻo ia a ola a hoʻomaka e noi e hānai a inu iā ia - ke ʻōlelo nei lākou, ua pōloli ia i waena o ka mea make. ʻO nā ʻelele, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ke aʻo ʻana a ka mea kilokilo, ʻaʻole i wehe i ka pahu. Ua hoʻomau ke keiki a ke kaikamahine me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e make hou ia. Pane ka poʻe, wehe i ka uhi, hoʻolei i ka meaʻai, akā ua huni koke ka pā. Hiki lākou i ka Lā, wehe i ka pahu - a ua hala ʻole. A laila hoʻomanaʻo lākou: i ko lākou wehe ʻana i ka uhi, ʻike ʻia kahi manu ʻulaʻula kokoke i loko. Ua maopopo ka poʻe i loko ʻo ia i ka huli ʻana i ke kaikamahine o ka Ha. Pane hou ʻia ka Lā, nui ka hū me ka nui o ka wā, a mai kēlā mau waimaka ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka wai nui.
Ehia wai ka wai i ʻoluʻolu ʻo nā kānaka i ka maluhia me ka luminary? He manu liʻiliʻi wale nō paha, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kaikamahine na ka Lā, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kēia mau hanana.».
Kāleka
ʻO ka cardinal ʻulaʻula he manu waena nui. Leka - 20-23 cm. Hiki iā Wingspan i 25-25 cm. Ma ke koʻikoʻi o ka cardinal makua he 45 g. Ua liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. ʻO ke kala o ke kāne ke ʻokeʻaka pihi, me kahi “ʻili” uliuli o kona maka. ʻO ka wahine ka nui o ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, me ka hulu ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻēheu, ka umauma a me ka ʻūhā, me ka "mask" ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kāne. ʻO ka beak ka ikaika, conical ma ke ʻano. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio'ōpiopio e like like me ke kala me ka wahine pākeke. ʻO nā wāwae he'ōmaʻomaʻo-brown. Kūleʻa ka haumāna.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā paila ma ka cardinal wahine i ke ola a noho pū me ka wahine ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. No ka manu ʻōlani ka ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole i ʻae ke kāne i nā kāleka ʻē aʻe i komo i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ia me ka leo leo nui iā lākou e lawe ʻia ka wahi. Hoʻokumu ka wahine i kahi pūnana. He kapu kapu, he pala, a loaʻa ma ka lāʻau a i ʻole kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa. Aia nā hua i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha me nā kiʻi hina a ʻulaʻula paha. Kūpono ka piha piha he 3-4 hua. Noho ka Incubation i 12 a 13 lā. ʻO ka wahine wale nō ka wahine Holo koke nā moa keiki mai waho o ka pūnana, a hānai nā kāne iā lākou, a hele ka wahine i ka pipi aʻe. Aia iā 2 - 3 pipi i ka makahiki.
ʻO ka ola ola o kahi cardinal ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he 10 - 15 mau makahiki, i ka pio - a hiki i 28 makahiki.
Na palapala kapu
Ua nui nā subspecies:
- Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis Linnaeus, 1758
- Cardinalis cardinalis affinis Nelson, 1899
- Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus Chapman, 1891
- Cardinalis cardinalis karneus Puka Mua, 1842
- Cardinalis cardinalis clintoni Nā Banks, 1963
- Kauhiua cardinalis cardinalis Ridgway, 1873
- Cardinalis cardinalis flammiger J. L. Peters, 1913
- Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus ridgegway, 1896
- Cardinalis cardinalis igneus S. F. Baird, 1860
- Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis Nelson, 1897
- Cardinalis cardinalis magnirostris Bangs, 1903
- Cardinalis cardinalis mariae Nelson, 1898
- Cardinalis cardinalis phillipsi Parkes, 1997
- Cardinalis cardinalis saturatus ridgway, 1885
- Cardinalis cardinalis seftoni Huey, 1940
- Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis Nelson, 1899
- Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Ridgway, 1885
- ʻO Cardinalis cardinalis kūlanakauhaleendi Van Rossem, 1932
- Cardinalis cardinalis yucatanicus ridgegway, 1887