O nā nāhele ʻona make o ka ʻolau o Caucasus i loko o nā ʻano heʻumi, akā, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka viper. Hui ʻia mea make ʻino i ka Caucasus hiki loa ma nā wahi āpau. He wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka ʻōlapa, a hiki i ka 75 cm, ʻoiai ke kala e hiki ke hina mai ka hina a ʻulaʻula, me kahi hiʻohiʻona ma ke poʻo. Mai ka wā hānau, ua make ka mea ʻawaʻawa. Inā hele ʻoe e hālāwai me kahi mea e hoʻohui ai, a laila hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke hana i ka holo koke, i ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka nahesa.
ʻApau maoli
ʻO nā hua manu o nā kīpē ʻeono nā ʻano o nā mea make i hiki ke loaʻa i ka Caucasus, ʻo kēia ka mea make steppe, nā mākaʻi o Nikolsky, ke kīwaha ʻo Lotiev, ka puʻu Caucasian, nā kīwaha Dinnik, a me nā ʻāpana maʻamau.
I ka wā o ka lawoʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā vipers, hele mai ka maʻi ʻeha me ka neʻe hou aku, i ʻelua hola ma hope o ka lymphangitis e ulu aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā nekrosis kūloko, a me ke ʻano o nā ʻeke hemorrhagic mau hola ʻelua ma hope o ka mea i hala. I waena o nā nāhelehele a pau, ʻo ka viper venom ka mea ʻona nui loa, akā ʻo ka make mai kahi ʻuʻuku kahi ʻuʻuku loa, ʻo ka mea a ka nahesa i ʻāloʻawaʻe a me nā poki wale ma kekahi mau lā ma hope aku. Lawa kēia manawa e ʻimi ai i ke kōkua o kahi kauka.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā kīpī i nā ʻalā, nā kīwaha holoholona, nā leʻa o nā pali a i ʻole nā pua. Kuhi pinepine nā poʻe kīwī i lalo i ka lā. Ke hui nei i kahi viper, e hoʻāʻo e hana i ka neʻe koke ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻōpū Caucasian wale nō ka nahesa make
Hoʻomaopopo koke mākou ua helu ʻia kēia naheka i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Russian Federation a me ka Red Red Book o ke Krasnodar Teritori. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano o ke ʻano weliweli o ke ʻōwili, hoʻonāukiuki iā ia a i ʻole hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā ia me ka pāpā ʻole ʻia.
Kaʻi Pūnaewele. Kiʻi: https://www.instagram.com/p/BzD68IdIKRK/
I ka lōʻihi, ulu wale kēia ʻōlani ma kahi o 65-70 cm. Aia a ʻeleʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ma ke kua o kona kua i nā lālani ʻelua. Kahi kēia mau wahi i kahi kala zigzag uliuli. Akā ʻaʻole like kēlā me nā viper i kēlā me kēia kua: aia pū kekahi mau blackime maʻamau. A ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona nui ʻelua o kēia ʻōʻī he ihe lei poʻo poʻo a me nā haumāna piula.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kīkē Caucasian i nā kuahiwi, ma nā kīpē i uhi ʻia i nā mea kanu kai (a i ʻo 800 m ma mua o ke kai.
ʻAe, he hua ʻino maikaʻi ka Caucasian. Hoʻolālā ʻia kāna mau huila olakino a me nā niho ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomake i ka make, akā e pale pū nō hoʻi i nā ʻenemi. E hoʻomanaʻo: hiki i kahi viper ke huki i kahi kanaka wale nō no nā kumu pale pale pilikino! ʻAʻohe kumu e hoʻouka ai, lele ʻohe aku paha ka hala. Ma ke ala, ʻike hewa a me ke ʻano o ka viper ʻaʻole i pili i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā manaʻo i pili i kahi kanaka (a ʻaʻole wale nō).
Inā kū hou ka mea pana pua, a laila maʻamau ka hana i kēia mau manawa. He maka ʻili nā maka a no laila ke nawaliwali loa o ke kūpaʻa ʻana. E uku ana no kēia, ʻo ia ka helu o nā pupu.
ʻAe maʻamau
Ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau - ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā nahesa e ʻike maʻalahi. ʻO ka hōʻailona e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā reptile ʻē aʻe kekahi ʻelua melemele ma ke kua o ke poʻo.
ʻAe maʻamau. ʻO ke kiʻi: JanRehschuh
E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike leʻaina nā kala o ka nahesa i ka ʻōuli kala-uliuli: hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻelima māmā o kēia ʻano. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā nahesa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā vipers: hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi ke hiki aku i ka 1.5 m. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka nahesa mai ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano o ke poʻo (he poʻo a puni, ʻovoid ma ka maka o ka nahe) a ma ke ʻano o nā haumāna (nā haumana nā ka maka o ka maka). Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i nā niho ʻōlima.
Ua helu pū ʻia kēia ʻoki i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation. He pōʻino lākou a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōpilikia, ʻoluʻolu e ʻolowili a i ʻole ka make ʻana. ʻO nā hihia koʻikoʻi wale nō, inā ʻaʻole i holo pono nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka pale mai waho e hiki ai iā ia ke "hoʻouka" me kona mākaukau e hoʻopu aʻe i kahi ala maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ʻoe e hālāwai me kēia "pēpē", mai hoʻonāuki iā ia!
Loke ʻulaʻula (Caspian)
ʻO ka nahe ʻīnīna e ʻāpō ʻia ka ʻona ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma Sochi a ua kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation. A ke noi hou aku nei mākou e hana hewa ʻole ʻoe i kēia nahesa, ʻo ka mea kū ʻole ʻole a me ka maikaʻi ʻole i nā kānaka. E like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nahesa i ka wā e hui pū ai me kekahi kanaka, ʻoi aku paha, e ho'āʻo koke e peʻe.
Nahenu a ʻalani. Nā kiʻi: Yuri Kvach
ʻO ka nahe melemele i paʻa, a i ʻole Caspian i manaʻo ʻia he nui nā nahesa nui loa i Europa. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi pākeke a hiki i ka 2-2.5 m.ia hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻile e ka hihiʻo maikaʻi, ke ʻano wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka nahesa kona ʻano. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lālā-ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, a ma waena o kēlā me kēia pākahi he pōkā mālamalama pōkole ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka ʻāpana he monophonic - ʻono.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli wale ka nahe melemele launa ʻole inā hoʻoweliweli kekahi kanaka iā ia. Kuhi ka nahesa i kahi ʻano hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli, e hāhū nui ana, me ka hāmama kona waha. Inā hele ʻoe i kahi nahele melemele ʻeleʻele a ʻaʻole ʻoe i lau pū me ia, mai kiʻi ʻoe i ka lāʻau a i ʻole kekahi pōhaku. ʻO ka hana e kū pono ai i ia ʻano, ʻo ia ke hōʻalo iā ʻoe iho a hāʻawi i ka nahesa i hūnā i ka hūnā ʻole.
Nahesa o Aesculapian
A ʻike ʻia kēia hoa creepy e kokoke loa i nā kānaka a pau. Ma hope o ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻana o ka nahesa o Aesculapian ma ka hōʻailona o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nahesa o Aesculapian. Whakaahua kiʻi: Felix Reimann
Kuhi ʻia aku nā ʻōlio Aesculapius ma loko o ka Puke Hoʻopuka o ka Terekia Krasnodar. E like me nā mea a pau e noho nei ma Sochi, koe wale no ka ʻakeke Caucasian, ʻaʻole ʻōloʻona kohi kēia ʻuhane a ʻaʻole ia i kahi pōpilikia i nā kānaka.
ʻO ka nahe a Eskulapov, e like me ka mea i ulana ʻia ka melemele, ke manaʻo ʻia nei kekahi o nā nahesa nui loa i ʻEulopa a hiki ke lōʻihi a 2 ʻāheu paha kēia ʻoki, a oki ʻia kona poʻo kuʻekuʻe mai ke kino. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka nahe i ʻoliva a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele. He māmā ka ʻōpū. ʻOiaiʻo ia, i waena o nā poʻe o ka nahe Aesculapian hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā albinos (ʻo ke kino o ka nahesa he ʻōpala, a ʻulaʻula hoʻi nā maka a me nā ʻōlelo.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻoki ʻo Aesculapian e pili ana i ka nahele, ʻoiai e piʻi maikaʻi ka ʻīlio nei ma nā lālā lāʻau. Eia kekahi, pale i ka naheka i nā wahi ākea a me nā papa i ka lā ma ka pale ʻāpana. E holo maikaʻi ʻo ka nahesa o Aesculapian.
ʻO ka nahesa Aesculapius, e like me kona kaikuahine melemele melemele, hiki ke pane aku i ke kanaka me ka hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia i kona ola.
Akā, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o nā nahesa a pau. Pepehi pinepine ka poʻe a hopu paha i kēia mau nahesa, ʻaʻole maoli no ka manaʻo e ka hana ʻana e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou heluna. Mai poina e mau ʻūlī nā holoholona Kauwe ʻula. Pono ʻoe e mālama pono iā lākou.
ʻO kekahi lua a Sochi
ʻO Medyanka kahi nahesa ʻehā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke ke hiki i 75 cm. He poʻo ākea ke poʻo o ka mea kupapaʻu, e hoʻohui pū ana me ka ʻāʻī.
Kokoi. Kiʻi kiʻi: vseonauke.com
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano kupapaʻu i nā nahele ʻalani i loko o kona mau ʻāpana a i ʻole hoʻi i ke kaulua. ʻO ka ʻāpana o luna o ka ʻōpū o ka nahesa, a ma luna o kona ʻōpū he poʻo hina. ʻO ka lalo o ka huelo he pale pale. He lei ʻeleʻele kona poʻo i ka pale poʻo. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka nahesa ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Hiki i ke kāʻei ke piʻi i nā lāʻau a kau pū. Inā pōpilikia ka nahe, hiki iā ia ke peʻe i loko o ka wai. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana keleawe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pale ʻana iā ia iho, huna ʻo ia i kona poʻo a kāki aʻe i ka pōkole paʻa. ʻAe kēia kuleana i ka nahesa e lele ikaika i ka mea lawehala.
ʻAʻole pōʻino kēia nahesa a make i nā kānaka.
Kahi-pusik
ʻO ka yellowfoot ka lapalapa lau legless. Pehea e wehe ai i kahi yellowfan mai ka nahesa? Aia nā melemele i loaʻa nā makaʻelima ma luna o nā maka (hiki i nā mea leʻaleʻa ke haka) a ʻaʻohe nā mea ʻona.
Kāhea ʻia-ʻula. ʻO ke kiʻi: Konstantinos Kalaentzis
Yellowfin - kahi kīnā nui. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kahi pākeke ke hiki aku i ka 1.5 m. ʻO ka ʻākī a i ʻole nā lei ʻeleʻele. Pepe ʻia kona poʻo, ua ʻaloli ʻia i ke kihi, e hui pū ana me ke kino elongated, e holo maikaʻi ana i ka huelo. Aia ka pā liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ke kua i waho o ka melikina-pusik, e kū ana i nā unahi me ka pae paʻa. ʻO kēia ākea mai ka ʻaoʻao e like me kahi kolo. Hāʻawi kēia "ʻapo" i ke kino o ka kahe mau o ka līlio. Hoʻonui pū ia i ka nui o ka yellowfang aʻo ka līlī e ʻai ana a e hali ana i nā hua manu. Ka umauma a ʻāpana ka kino o ke kīkē-pusik. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kala me nā specks. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke koho ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka melemele-pusik i ʻoni.
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻohe yellowfang niho nā ʻiole. Akā ke pupuhi lā a nā niho ikaika loa, kahi e hoʻopili ai ʻo ia i nā iwi ikaika o ka poʻe i hoʻopā. A ʻo nā mea hōʻino o ka pana kīkē he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hōʻino i ka mahiʻai. He mea pono kēia yellowfin a no laila ʻo ke kumu hiki ʻole ke pepehi ʻia kēia līlī.
He aha ka mea e hoʻoweliweli ai i ka melemele-pusik? ʻO ka luku ʻana i kona mau wahi noho nā hopena o nā hale a i ke ahi paha, nā hana hoʻokaumaha a me nā make ma nā alanui.
Palapala ʻaʻi palu (keleawe)
ʻO ka ʻōwili palupalu, a he coppersmith, he māla kapu ʻole.
ʻO ka palakela palupalu (keleawe). Kiʻi: animalreader.ru
ʻO kēia līlio, e like me ka yellowfang, ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā nahesa e ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka kelepona paʻalima. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka spindle ke hoʻolei i kahi huelo, e like me ka hapa nui o nā lole lika. ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē ma waena o ka spindle a me nā nāhelehele, ʻo ke ʻano o ke kino: ʻo ka pala, e like me ka melemele i ʻāliwa ʻia, ʻaʻohe mākaʻikaʻi ʻia mai ke poʻo a i ke kino, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻā i nā nahe.
Hoʻohā pinepine pinepine ʻia nā pālela keleawe me ka laupaʻa maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā lākou. Pahu koni keleawe, he nahesa, ua halawai me ke kanaka e hooweliweli ana ia ia ma ke ala, e pipili a me ka pōpō, puʻu nui, ka waha hāmama. Akā ʻaʻole e like ka pipi. E kūahi wale ana nō e.
Naʻu ʻia wau e ka nahesa, he aha kaʻu e hana ai?
ʻAʻohe o mākou e palekana mai ka hālāwai ʻana me kahi nahesa i ke kūlanakauhale o Sochi. Ua haʻi ʻo Ilya Bunin, he mea hana kūlohelohe mai ke kūlanakauhale o Sochi, i nā mea a mākou e hana inā e hālāwai ʻoe me nā nahesa a inā ʻīlī na ʻoe.
ʻAno maikaʻi ʻole kā mākou ʻīlio, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Australia, no ka laʻana. ʻO ka manawa kau o kā lākou hana. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ana kā lākou wā ulu a pau ka hānau ʻana iā lākou.
ʻO ka nahelo ʻona wale nō i Sochi ka Caucasian viper, kahi maʻalahi i ka hoʻāla ʻia ʻia e kahi poʻo-ihe ʻia i hoʻonani ʻia me nā wili a me nā haumāna pihi. I ka manawa pinepine he kala kala ʻulaʻula - ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha, a me ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke kino - he ʻano zigzag i ʻeleʻele.
ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o nā nahesa i ke kanaka ma mua o mākou. Hāpai lākou e kū ana inā e hoʻokele ʻia lākou, a i ʻole kēlā e hōʻeha iā lākou. Inā hoʻomaka ka nahe i kāna mau hana a hoʻomālamalama nui, a laila pono mākou e hoʻi me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻole ʻana.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe (!) Huli i hope. Inā he mea i kau i kou mau lima (pili a i ʻole ke kāʻei), pono ʻoe e paʻa i mua o ʻoe a e hoʻi hou.
Pono ʻoe e hele ma ka ulu lāʻau ma nā alahele. Inā hele ʻoe i ka ulia pōkā mauʻu o nā lau a i ʻole nā pua, e hoʻāʻo e nānā iā lākou ma mua o kēlā. Ma ke alahele, he maʻalahi ke kiko.
Inā ua huki ka nahe, pono e immobilize i ka hapa o ke kino kahi i hoʻokuʻu ai ka nahesa i kāna ʻawaʻawa, hāʻawi i ka mea pepehi i ka antihistamine a hoʻolako i ka nui o ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe (!) Inu i ka wai inu, e hoʻomoʻi i kahi kipi, hoʻopili i ka tourniquet, a e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻokahi ʻoi aku: inā ʻoe e hele i ka ululāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke komo ʻana i kēlā mau lole (pants) i ʻole he wahi ʻaʻohe o nā ʻāpana. Mālama ia iā ʻoe mai nā ʻki.
ʻO Anatoly Nikolayevich Kudaktin, he lālā mau o ka ʻaha māhina o ka Ministry of Natural Resources o Rūsia, he loea o ka WWF WWF, ka luna o ka hana noiʻi o ka Association of Caucasus Reserve, i ʻōlelo pū aku i ka kūlana me nā naheka i Sochi24 no Sochi24:
ʻO ka nahesa, ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole ia. Kites paipai ʻia nā kūkulu ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻemi ana i nā wahi mākele a me nā wahi papa i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā i pili nā naheka i ka palena o nā heka he 2-3, i kēia manawa e noho nei lākou ma 2-3 eka.
Eia nō naʻe, he maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻano o nā ʻīpoki i nā kānaka. ʻIke nā kānaka i nā naheka o kekahi ʻenemi hewa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau nā nahele e kūʻē i kekahi, ʻaʻole pono mākou iā lākou: he pono kā lākou mea ʻai, ko lākou ola. A ke ho'āʻo nei e alualu, e pepehi i ka nahesa (no ke aha ʻole i maopopo ai) - alakaʻi kēia mau mea i ka hōʻemi i kā mākou biodiversity, nā mea o ka honua holoholona. Eʻoluʻolu, e ʻike i kahi nahesa - e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi a waiho mālie. ʻAʻoleʻo ia e hoʻopā iā mākou a ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopā iā ia - ʻo ia ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke ʻano.
Nā nahele kino i puka mai ai no Kaukaole
ʻO nā ʻiola pōpoki loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka Caucasus, no laila he mea nui ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā kamaʻāina e kamaʻilio i ka mea e pono ke makaʻu lākou i ka mea a me nā hana e pono ai e lawe.
Ke ʻōlelo nei i nā kahe nui a ka Caucasus, ka mea nui lākou i ka gyurza e noho ana ma Dagestan. Loaʻa kekahi mau luna o kēia ʻano i ka lōʻihi o ʻelua mau mika. ʻO Gyurza kekahi o nā nahesa maikaʻi loa no ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pakano i nā mea ʻino pau ʻole ma mua o kona pona. I kēia lā, he liʻiliʻi loa ka lehulehu o ia mau mea, no laila ke kākau inoa ʻia nā ʻano ʻehā ma ka Red Red Book.
ʻO nā nahesa e hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe i Dagestan he poʻe pōpō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻohana a puni ka Caucasus, aia nō kekahi ʻano nui o nā ʻapo ʻehā:
ʻO nā pahu manu ma Kauka
ʻO ka ʻāpana steppe he hua uwi ʻupena-hina nui ia i hana ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka lāʻau. Ma kēia ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka hoʻopau ʻana a mālama ʻia e ka Berne Convention. ʻO ka viper Caucasian he like ia me ka wāwae wāwae, he mea ʻokoʻa i kona mau wahi a me ka aniani ʻokoʻa.
Manaʻo nā mea loea i ka vini Dinnik ka mākaʻi nani loa o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻoe e hālāwai aku iā ia ma ka papu, he kanaka noho ʻo ia o nā kuahiwi. He mau ka noho mua o nā ʻano mai ka ʻekahi a i ka hapa ʻekolu ʻekolu mau ma luna o ka pae kai.
I nā wahi mauna-steppe o Caucasus, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka viper Lotiev. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻona makeā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻelua a i ka hapalua tausani mika ma luna o ka pae o ke kai. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi make, pono e makaʻala i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi: ʻo kāna pōpoki he mea pōpilikia loa. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o ka nahesa, a ua ʻākau ka kua i hope me ke kaula zigzag ʻeleʻele. Noho ka mea ʻōwili ʻo Lotiev ma ka nui o Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan, North Ossetia, Chechnya.
Nā naheka ʻinoʻino o ka Caucasus
I waena o nā nāhelehele makeʻole o Chechnya a me nā ʻāpana Caucasian, kahi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻohana oro o nā nahe i ʻike mua ʻia, ʻike pinepine nā ʻano e like me ka Caucasus:
nā oliva a me nā ʻoliva, nā nahesa ʻona o ka ʻĀkau Kauka,
Ma Transcaucasian, noho i Ingushetia, ʻĀkau Ossetia a me nā wahi e kokoke ana,
ʻO Aesculapius, ʻike ʻia e nā kiʻi āpau ma ka ʻaha lapaʻau,
ʻulaʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula ʻia i ke kala, nona ka huaʻala o ka hierophis.
ʻO nā nahesa ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i weliweli no nā kānaka, e noho ma Dagestan: he mauu puaʻa Caucasian a ʻo ka eirenis collared. ʻO ka mea mua he nani i ka pō me kahi haumāna puaʻa kūpaʻa, ka mea e makemake ia noho i nā lāʻau. ʻO ka lua, he ʻoki a miniʻu me ke kaula ʻōuli e like me ke kola.
ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka muliwai o nā Caucasus - nā nahesa wai - he mau mea aloha maikaʻi ʻole e makemake i nā kahe mau a maʻemaʻe, a palekana maoli no nā kānaka, ʻoiai he nui nā moʻolelo. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua pinepine lākou i ka palaualelo, hoʻopiʻi ʻia i nā lono o nā pōkole momona. He maʻalahi ka wehewehe: ʻo nā mea hōʻala, e like me ke lula, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa i nā nahesa a lawe i ka wiper makeā no nā nahesa ʻona. ʻO kēlā mau ʻōlena ʻino ʻia kekahi o nā ʻulina maʻamau e ʻike ʻia ma ka Terekia o Stavropol.
I loko o Caucasus, aia kekahi mau ʻoki a me nā nakahi maʻamau. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia lākou me nā vipers a no laila ua luku loa ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Copperwort ma nā lepa ʻaluna a me nā pale nui ma ke poʻo, a me ka nahesa - na ka ʻili i hea ʻia i nā pepeiao pepeiao.
Hoʻopuka maʻamau
He make i ka ʻona, akā nāwaliwali kāna nalo, lawa wale nō e hoʻomā i ka kiʻoki a i ka ʻāʻaka paha, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me kēia rula, e ʻai kēia ʻōpū. ʻO ka pakeneka o ka make mai kāna mau bites i ka poʻe ma kahi kokoke i 0.5%. I ka pilikia me nā keiki a me nā mākua. Eia kekahi, pono ka hoʻoulu hou o ka venom o kahi viper maʻamau i ka nui o ka ikehu, no laila, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau i kāna mau kumuwaiwai me ke kumu maikaʻi a hoʻopiʻi wale i kahi kanaka wale nō inā kahi hoʻonāukiuki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o kahi viper maʻamau:
paiu, e like me kahe, ke poʻo,
ʻO ko mākou'āina e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kēia koho wale nō, akā nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano ʻano ʻoni manu maoli.
Steppe viper
Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o Rūsia, ma ka North Caucasus a i Crimea, ua pālahalaha nui ke ʻano kīpepa steppe. Ua emi aku i ka mea liu ikaika, ʻoiai ka mea nui loa ia e ʻai i nā mea hihiu, ʻo nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhini, a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka make a lawa ka mea e make ai lākou. ʻIke ʻo Igor Doronin ʻaʻohe mea make mai kāna mau bites.
Muzzle
Ma ka palena o ka rohe o Lower Volga ma ka Hikina Holo, ola kahi ʻano o nā ʻāpana like ʻehā - nā muzzle. ʻIke ʻia ka papa kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana i ka pūnāwai, i kēia manawa o ka makahiki he ʻano paʻakikī kona. Me kāna ʻono, hiki iā ia ke pepehi i kahi lio. No kahi pākeke maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōpilikia, ʻoiai ʻo kāna huu e hōʻeha nui ai i ka ʻeha a lōʻihi. I ka lā anuanu, makemake nui ka muzzle e noho i loko o nā lāʻau, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i nā ʻuʻuku o nā kahe mahina ʻai. Aia nā kumu he nui no ka lohi ʻana o kahi kanaka i nā mākaʻi anuanu. ʻAʻole naʻe i nalowale i kēia mau minuke loa. Hiki iā Shchitomordnik ke lele a ʻuʻuku i nā ʻāpana huna o kou kino. Ma muli o kahi kalaʻeleʻele a hina hina me nā wahiʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka nānā ʻana.
Caucasian viper a Dinnik viper
ʻO nā mea hele i ka palena alpine a i nā ululāʻau o ke Komohana Komohana, hiki ke hālāwai me kahi viper Caucasian a me kahi mea kīwaha Dinnik. ʻO kā lākou momona ka mea ikaika loa. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ke noho nei lākou ma nā ʻāina paʻakikī, kahi i maʻalahi ka mea huna e hūnā. Pono lākou e pepehi i ka mea i ka mea i hiki ke hiki, i ʻole e weluwelu ma hope o ke kuahiwi no kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻōhumu o kēia mau lehelehe i ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia mau lā. Ua helu ʻia lākou ma ka Buke Red: he hālāwai me lākou e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka Caucasus Reserve, Sochi National Park, ma Abkhazia. ʻĀnō pololi nā kālai Caucasian: ma ke ʻano heula, ma ka ʻulaʻula, nā poni ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka maikaʻi aʻe o kēia viper iʻoi loa ka maikaʻi a ʻehaʻeha. ʻO kēia no ke ʻano o ka waha: ua huna ʻia ka pona mai nā leaka i ka ʻū a luna a hele i ka tubule i loko o nā kunu lōʻihi a i ʻole. No ka laʻana, i kahi viper Africa Africa, hiki i nā niho ke hiki i 5 cm. I ka huʻi ʻana i kahi viper, hiki i kona waha ke wehe i 180 degere, piʻi nā kiki. A hoʻopā kahi nahesa i kahi mea ʻeha, nā ʻōpū o nā kelena kūlima, a laila ka ʻona i ka ʻālo. Hoʻohālike kēia i ka hana o nā syringes ʻelua. I nā wā maʻamau, kahuli ʻia nā ʻuli o kēia nahe. ʻO ka ʻili o ka waha o ka wīwī e like me ka penknife, i huki maʻalahi i nā maka i ka paʻa. Ma keʻano maʻamau, nā vipers i nā nahesa maikaʻi loa, loaʻa lākou ka laikela paola lāʻau i ulu, "i hoʻohui ai ʻo Igor Igorevich.
ʻO Igor Doronin i hiki ke hopu i nā vipers i ka wā o ka holo. E like me ke hōʻike ʻana o ke ola, ʻaʻole palaualelo kēia mau naʻu, ke ʻano maluhia lākou. Eia naʻe ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopā iā lākou, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e hopu iā lākou. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻāwili pinepine nā kahele i kēlā mau kānaka i ka hana i kā lākou hopu ʻana:
ʻO nā mea a nā holoholona make ikaika. Inā ʻoe e hopu i ka nahe e ka ʻūhā, hiki ke hoʻāla i kāna iwi a māʻoki i ke kanaka me kāna mau niho.
ʻO Gyurza
ʻO ka pōʻino nui i loko o kā mākou manu ʻo ka viper i kapa ʻia ʻo gyurza. ʻAʻole no kekahi mea kāna inoa kahiko kahiko Rūkū - he nahesa lua. Ma Lusia, e noho wale ana ia ma Dagestan. Ma laila e hālāwai ai ʻoe iā ia i nā ala nui a me nā kuahiwi. Ma keʻano kikoʻī, i ka wahi o ke kūlanakauhale o Derbent.
ʻO kēia ka viper nui loa o ka manuahi Lūkia, e hiki ana i 2 mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a hiki i 3 kilograms. He poʻo ākea kona, ma kahi o ka zigzag ma luna o ka hiwi ma luna o ka ʻili - kahi kikoʻī ʻiliʻili. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia e kāna ʻāpana pōkole, ke kū koke nei i kahi kūʻē i kahi kūlana o kahi kino nui.
E like me nā nahesa a pau, he pualikole a pehu. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka hana kino ʻana o ka pō. I nā nahesa wai ʻole - nāhelehele, nāhelehele - puni ka haumāna. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele a nānā ke kanaka me ka nahesa i kona mau maka.
Hiki iā Gyurza ke hoʻonāukiuki nui. ʻO kahi mea maʻamau, steppe, Caucasian viper i ka manawa e hālāwai ai me kahi kanaka ʻaʻole e hoʻouka mua. E hōʻike aku lākou a hiki i hope: “Mai hoʻopā iaʻu: ka mea make! Ua haʻalele ʻoe iā ʻoe iho. " Hiki iā Gyurza ke kaua kūʻē me ka ʻōlelo ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau
i ka puna i ka wā hoʻoulu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā make mai nā kakia o ka gyurza ma mua o nā bites o kekahi ʻano o nā ʻano ʻehā ʻē aʻe.
I nā manawa Soviet, ua hopu ʻia kēia nahelani: loaʻa kahi huahana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi loa ka poʻe hōʻeha, nā serive antivenom. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Gyurza venom e mālama i ka hemophilia, nā hana ʻōpū palupalu, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko. A hiki i kēia lā, hoʻohana nui kēia toxin i mea lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, pono nā zoo no ka poaching. I ka hopena, ua kākau ʻia kēia gyurza i ka Red Book o Lūkia. Hiki i kahi mea hānai pīkī hana e hoʻopau i ka heluna holoʻokoʻa i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Makemake e ʻike i ka mea e hana inā e mākona ʻoe e ka nahe, a pehea lā ka hana ai ka inikua me ka nahesa? A laila e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala:
Kauā ʻia i loko o ka hale
Ua ʻimi mau ka poʻe i ka mālama i ka exotic iā lākou iho. ʻOiai i ka Soviet Union, ua kohi ka poʻe ʻoki a kūʻai i kēlā me kēia kanaka i waho. Ano he mākē nui nā holoholona terrarium, no laila ʻo ka lehulehu ka poʻe e makemake e hana pū me lākou. Ma ka Pūnaewele hiki ke maʻalahi ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi naona ʻawaʻawa: king cobra a i ʻole mamba ʻeleʻele, mai ka ʻu o kahi o ka mea i make ʻole ai kekahi antidote.
"Hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe a pau i ka moʻolelo sensational o ka make o Arslan Valeev," ua haʻi aku ʻo Igor Doronin i kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo. - ʻIke wau iā ia, he kanaka maikaʻi loa ko terrarium, i loaʻa i nā ʻano nui he nui, ua aloha ʻia iā lākou. Ua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻo ia nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole naʻe, ua minamina ʻo ia i nā naona ʻawaʻawa. Eia, mai kahi mai o ka ʻona make, make ʻo ia. ʻOiai i ka zoos i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i nā nahesa make. Hiki i kekahi kanaka lapuwale ke uha i ka puka aniani o ka hale kūʻai - a me kāna mea ʻona e hiki ai i kekahi nahesa ke pepehi i kekahi mau kānaka.
No ke aha i makaʻu ai ke kanaka i nā nahesa
Ua maopopo ka poʻe noiʻi o kēia mau lā i ka makaʻu a ke kanaka i nā nahesa ʻaʻole no ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻuhane. Ke makaʻu nei iā lākou i ka hakakā. ʻO kā ua nahesa nei, nāna i hopu i nā reptiles i kona ola a pau, makaʻu maoli lākou inā e hoʻolei koke ʻo ia i kahi mea like-na.
Ke makaʻu nei nā ʻōkuhi āpau i nā nahesa. ʻO ka chimpanzee - kā mākou hoahānau hānai pili loa - he hōʻailona pū kekahi me ia e hōʻike ai i kahi naheka kokoke. He kūhea kēia, like me ka screeching o ka wahine. Hoʻokomo nā ʻāpana āpau āpau i nā wahi hiamoe ma ka puʻu: ma nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, kahi e ulana ai i nā lālā a lawe mai i nā lau. Ke noho nei nā ʻāpana Anthropoid ma kahi e loaʻa ai nā holoholona nui o nā mea make. ʻO nā mole āpau nā ophidiophobes, ʻo ia hoʻi, he makaʻu lākou i nā nahesa. A aneane kokoke ka hapanui i nā moʻomeheu a makemake nui e piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a no ka maloʻo a me ka papa. ʻO ia i ke kauwela, inā mākou e hiamoe ma ka papahele, pōmaikaʻi mākou. E piʻi ana i ka dais, ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e hōʻea i ka hālāwai me nā naʻu ʻawaʻawa, ”ʻ drewlelo ʻo Igor Doronin i ka like.
Aia nō hoʻi kahi wehewehe maikaʻi loa i ka makaʻu i nā nahesa mai kahi hoʻomana hoʻomana. Hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe a pau i ka hāʻule mua mua, e like me ka Baibala, i hana ma lalo o ka mana o kahi naʻaupō.
ʻO ka like ʻole o ka nahesa a ke kanaka ua hoʻihoʻi mai i nā kiʻi, kahi ua ʻike pinepine mākou i kahi wahaheʻe e kau ana ma luna o kēia kumuhana. Hoʻopau kekahi mau maʻi i nā biologists ma kahi nalowale.
Aia kekahi manawa kupanaha i ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Sannikov's Land": lawe kahi ʻaka i kahi ihe naona ʻona a waiho i kahi pua i loko o kona waha. Aia me kahi pua a laila e luku aiʻo ia i kahi malihini. Ke hoʻohana nei ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kahi wai ʻole maikaʻi loa, kapa ʻia kēlā i kēia ʻo "chess", ʻaʻohe mea ʻala. ʻO ka poʻokela o ke mele o ka Propetula Oleg, inā he mau loiloi, ʻo ia nō kekahi kanaka maʻi ʻona. Noho ʻo Propetila Oleg ma kēlā mau wahi i hiki ke kaha ʻūlū iā ia. Eia kekahi, nahe ka ʻoki iā ia i loko o ka wāwae, e like me ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole kēia ka haki make. Inā ua kuʻi ʻo ia iā ia ma ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka poʻo, he ʻokoʻa ʻē ia. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ke kumu o "Songs. "Ma o ia mea he moolelo ponoʻī, a i ʻole a ia ʻoki i lilo ai i kahi maʻi kūlohelohe loa ma Oleg Oleg," i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Igor Doronin.
ʻO nā mea a pau e ʻike maikaʻi i nā nahesa - nā zoologists, nā limahana zoo, nā mea nona nā terrariums, nā mea pena kiʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole - ʻāpono: nā holoholona i hala ʻole i ka nui o nā ulia. ʻO ke kīkuhi i loko o ka hana hewa ʻole o kekahi kanaka, nā hoʻoholo hoʻoholo i hāpai ʻia, nā manaʻo kū ʻole o ke kino, a i kekahi manawa ma ka mālama ʻole. E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia mea i ke holo ʻana i ke kuahiwi a i ʻole i ka puka ākea.
Inā ʻālau ka nahe, a kāhea koke i ka poʻe lawelawe lawelawe lawelawe i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kulekele. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa a koho i kahi kulekele inikua ma aneʻi. Hana pū kā mākou ʻimi hōʻoia ma Rusia.