E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e kekahi o nā mea kaulana, ma loko o kahi kiʻi kaulana hoʻokahi: "ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Brazil kahi nui, he nui nā moʻo hihiu." Akā ʻo ka puaʻa puaʻa e kū ai he pōmaikaʻi nui.
Ma hope o kēia, he mea pohihihi ka oncilla, e like me kahi jaguar liʻiliʻi, e alakaʻi ana i kahi holoholona i ka pō, ʻaʻole i ʻike pono ʻia e nā lāʻau ʻepekema. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia.
ʻO kēia manawa, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Brazil kahi o ka puaʻa oncilla ma nā ululāʻau o ka ʻāina he ʻelua mau ʻāpana like ʻole a he ʻelua mau kānaka pālule.
Ua hoʻokō nā poʻe noiʻi i nā loiloi molekika genetic o ka DNA o kekahi mau pōpoki tiger i koho ʻia no ka hoʻokolohua. ʻO kēia mau holoholona, nā ʻano he nui o ka noho maʻamau kahi like me ka like a me ka nui o ka ʻīlio home maʻamau.
I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he mau ʻiʻo tiger, i waena o lākou oncilla:
- Andean cat (Leopardus jacobitus)
- Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
- Oncilla (Leukeus tigrinus)
- ʻ Catlelo lōʻihi (Lelius wiedii)
- ʻO ka poki ʻo Geoffrey (ʻo Leopardus geoffroyi)
- Kālena pīkī (Leopardus guigna)
- Kekuhi puaʻa (Leopardus colocolo)
- Leopardus pajeros (ʻaʻohe inoa Lūkia)
Ua makemake i nā poʻe ʻepekema i nā manawa pinepine o ke kūlia cross intecpecific. I kahi hopena o ka noiʻi, hiki i ka koho ke hoʻokumu i ka oncilli ʻaʻole hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano. ʻO nā ʻakaʻā e noho ana ma ke kahakai ʻo Brazil i hele pū me nā pōpoki Pampas a hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano, i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo Leopardus tigrinus. Loaʻa ka hapa hema i kekahi mau kahena i loko o nā poki Geoffrey. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano - - Leopardus guttulus.
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ua kōkua nā ʻano kikoʻī i kēia kaawale. Mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāina, noho nā ʻiole i waena o nā lau maloʻo o ka savannah, a me nā ʻāpana hema e ulu ana i nā māla maloʻo o ke kapakai ʻo ʻAmelika.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano o ka loiloi genular molekele, ke ʻimi nei nā kānakaʻepekema e hana hou i nā kaʻina evolusion o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka honua holoholona a me ke ola ma ka Honua.
Habitat a me subspecies of oncilli
Loaʻa ʻia kēia mau pōpoki mai ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a ma ke komohana hema o Brazil a hiki i Panama ma Costa Rica.
Eia nō naʻe, he nui ka heterogeneous a me ka mosaic. Ma nā wahi o ka māhele i wehewehe ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻilihune kēia pēpē. Ma ka Amazon, no ka hoʻohālike, ʻaʻole i noho iki. He mea maʻamau kēlā ma nā ululāʻau subtropical a me nā kuahiwi.
Kālepa like ke kala o ka oncilla me kahi jaguar liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā subspecies oncilla e ka lōʻihi o ke kapa, ka leo ʻoniʻoni, a me ka ʻike nui o ke ʻano. Aia kahi 3 nui subspecies o kēia mau holoholona:
- ʻO Leopardus tigrinus pardiniodes - noho i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEkuador, Kolombia a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Venezuela,
- Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika, ma ke kūkulu hema o Brazil, ʻo Paraguay a me Uruguay,
- Le maconaus tigrinus tigrinus - ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau-hema ʻo Brazil, Guyana, a me Venezuela hikina.
Ke ola ʻana o Oncilla a me nā meaʻai
Noho ka kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi ulu o ke kaiāhi subtropical. ʻO ka Oncillas kahi aloha nui i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi me nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3 km ma luna o ke kai. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ulu maloʻo, no ka laʻana ma Venezuela, ʻike pū ʻia kēia mau pōpoki e ʻike pinepine ʻia.
Hoike ako ole ka nohona o keia mau holoholona. E like me ka hapanui o nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana, ka hana a oncillus i hōʻike ʻia i ka pouli. I ke ahiahi makemake lākou i ka hoʻomaha, piʻi ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau.
No ka mea he predator liʻiliʻi ka oncilla, ʻo kā ka meaʻai i loko o nā ʻano āpau o nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā kolo, nā lizards, nā bako a me nā manu. Aia ma laila he hōʻike no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia pēpē i kāna mau moʻo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka meaʻai ma ka oncils e loaʻa ai nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā mea ʻino ʻole a me nā rana lāʻau.
Hoʻopau ma Oncill
Mai ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa, ua hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā oncils wale nō i kā lākou ʻano i ke pio ʻana. ʻAʻole mau ka lōʻihi o ka estrus wahine a wahine wale nō, mau lā lā. Ka wahine hapai ʻia, hānau ʻo ia i keiki no 10 a 11 mau pule. I loko o ka litter, e like me ke kānāwai, aia mai 1 a 2 mau cubs.
E like me ka hapa nui o nā pōpoki, hānau ʻia nā keiki kupapaʻu. Holo wale ko lākou mau maka ma hope o 20 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka manawa lactation e lōʻihi a hiki i 3 mau mahina, ma hope o ka huki ʻana o ka makuahine i ka pehu e hoʻohuli i nā nati i kahi meaʻaiʻai. ʻO ka maʻi kamaliʻi ma Oncillus i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
ʻAʻohe mea e ʻike e pili ana i ka pālahalaha o nā oncils i ke ʻano.
Ka palekana o ke ʻano o nā ʻano
I ka hopena o nā kenekulia 20, ua loaʻa nei ka Oncillas i kahi loio kaulana loa ma waena o nā poimana. Loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i ke kaulana loa ma muli o ka nani o kāna hulu. I kēia manawa, i ka nui o nā pōpoki o kēia mau pōpoki, aia i luna o 50 mau tausani. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa o nā ʻano, ua lilo ka pōʻaiapili, me ka hana ʻana i ke kofe, no ka kanuʻana i kahi mau lāʻau i hōʻoki i ka noho ʻana i ka oncilli. Ke kāohi nei i kēia mau pōpoki i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina e uhi ʻia i ko lākou ala noho i pāpā ʻia e ka kānāwai.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Oncilla (Oncilla)
ʻO ka mako jaguar mua e kūkākūkā ʻia ma oncilla. ʻO ka inoa o kēia holoholona hihiu i ka unuhi ʻana mai ka ʻōlelo kuʻuna ʻōlelo ka inoa ʻo “jaguar liʻiliʻi”. I loko o ke aoʻepekema ʻauhau, ʻo ka "jaguar liʻiliʻi" ua kapa ʻia kekahi puaʻa liʻiliʻi (Leopardus tigrinus) a i ʻole ʻoniʻoni koona (Felis tigrina). Nui nā subspecies o kēia mini jaguar, ʻokoʻa i waena o lākou iho e ka loa o ke kapa, ʻula a me ka ikaika o ke kiʻi ʻana.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Oncillas ma ʻokoʻa he mau ʻokoʻa i ka poʻe ʻepekema zoological i kēia manawa wale nō ma 2013. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka loiloi DNA ʻo kēia holoholona he 36 mau chromosome, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana ʻohana he 38 mau chromosome .. Ua hoʻoholo pū nā ʻepekema hoʻi ʻaʻole i lele nā pōpoki oncilla i kēlā me kēiaʻano o lākou, akā me ka mau Geoffrey pōpoki e noho ana ma nā wahi like. . ^ E Ha yM.
- Kāleka. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia pōpoki ka mea kokoke loa i ka helehelena a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka jaguar ʻAmelika Hema. Eia eia ka nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino wale nō he 80-196 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino nui loa o ka poʻe nunui he hiki i ka 2,5 kg, ʻo 44 ka nui ma mua o ke kaupaona ʻana o kekahi lei. Eia naʻe, nani loa kēia lei jaguar. ʻO ka pūnaehana elongated hāleʻa hoʻonaninani a me nā wāwae ikaika a me nā wāwae ikaika. ʻO kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi muzzle maikaʻi ma ka ʻāʻī o nā ʻihi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā maka he melemele-melemele nui, mau pepeiao pepeiao i nā pihi. Pōlohi, e like me ka mea i paʻi ʻia "puʻupuʻu pōkole a pāpaʻu nani i ke kala melemele-ocher me nā wahi maikaʻi o ke kumu" ma lalo o ka jaguar.
Ka māhele a me ka noho ʻana. Ua kahele ʻia ʻo Oncilla ma waena o ʻAmelika Hema a me Hema. He maʻamau maʻamau ia ma Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay a me Ecuador. ʻO ka wahi noho ʻikepili hope loa ʻo Costa Rica. Hāʻawi ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi no ke ola ʻana i nā nahele evergreen uka ʻole o ʻAmelika Hema, akā ua ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā wahi akea, a me nā wahi e ʻoki ai i nā nahele eucalyptus a i nā mea kanu i haʻalele ʻia. Hiki i kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻia kēia pōpoki mini-jaguar ma kahi kokoke i ka hale o kēlā kanaka.
Ke ola ʻana o Oncill. ʻO kēia kaila he nīnūnē punahele, nona ka ʻano nui o nā rodents liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika Hema, nā manu, nā baki lāʻau, nā reptiles (a me ka mea ʻole hona), a me kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou mau lālā. A inā ka hopu ʻana i ka hapanui o ka pō ma ka oncilli, a i ke ahiahi, ʻoi aku ka poʻe pōkole i kēia manawa e hoʻomaha i nā lālā o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, mālama pono mai nā mea ʻike nui. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka oncilla, ua ʻano ikaika loa ko lākou ʻano. Ke pale nei i ko lākou wahi a i ʻole ke ola, hiki iā lākou ke kū koʻikoʻi no lākou iho, me ka hopohopo kūkaʻi ʻole i kahi palena hoʻopāʻi a i ʻole kai kūʻē i ka mea hoʻohewa.
Kanikau ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka oncilla, he mea maʻamau ʻaʻole ia i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e hiki ai ke hopu i kēia pōpilikia a me ka nimble. ʻO nā mea ʻenemi nui loa kāna mau ʻenemi, ʻimi i kāna hulu nani. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa lawaiʻa (pale ʻia ʻo ka ʻenekona a kokoke i nā moku āpau) ke hoʻopilikia nui nei i ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona maikaʻi, akā ʻo nā hui kālai ʻole i hoʻopau i ko lākou wahi noho mua - ka ulu lāʻau evergreen o ʻAmelika Hema.
I kaulana loa aia ka laha o ka wahine i ka makahiki he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa, a me nā kāne i ka makahiki 2 o kona mau makahiki a he pōkole loa ka manawa o ka hake o kēia mau holoholona a aia wale nō i kekahi mau lā o ka makahiki. ʻO 1-2 mau mauū Kūpiki wale nō me ka paona kino o nā keiki ʻaʻole keu aku ma mua o ka 120 mau mea i hānau ʻia ma ka litter. Hoʻopaka wale nā maka o Kittens ma ka hopena o ke kolu o ka pule o ke ola. Hānai i ka waiū i ka pēpē e ka makuahine-cat i mau mahina ʻekolu mau malama. Ma hope o kēlā me ke hoʻololi pono i ka meaʻai ʻai ʻiʻo. Hoʻomaka ke ola kūʻokoʻa o nā hua me nā mahina he ʻumi.
Codecode whakahio (Kodkod)
ʻO Codecode kahi ʻano puaʻa ʻē aʻe e like me ka jaguar liʻiliʻi i kona ʻano. ʻO ke code code, a i kapa ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ka pōkole Chili (Oncifelis guigna, ʻo Felis guigna) ka pili pili o ka oncilla, ʻoiai he mau ʻokoʻa ia i ka ʻano like.
- Kāleka. ʻO ka nui o kēia ʻaha inoa o ka ʻohana cat ua like me ka hapalua o ka nui o ka oncilla. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ke kino no 52 kenimika wale nō. ʻO ka 2.7 kg ka momona kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻīkena ka codecode ʻo ʻAmelika Huluʻawa ʻoi loa. He like ka code Chili i ka hiʻohiʻona me ka oncilla, akā ua ʻokoʻa i ke kino ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino a ʻoi ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kao, ʻoi aku ka pena a ʻulaʻula a hina paha. ʻO kekahi manawa hana ia i kahi kala ʻeleʻele paʻa.
Ka māhele a me ka noho ʻana. Noho ka pōpoki Kālena ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma hope o ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka waena a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chile (no laila ʻo ia ka inoa o nā ʻano) a i ʻole mea kaua i ʻAmelika. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ka helehelena ma ka ulu lāʻau palu-conpous a me ka coniferous o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema, ma nā wahi o nā lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo, kokoke i nā kahawai a me nā loko. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona kokoke i kahi noho o ke kanaka (ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi kalima kahi ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka deforestation a me ka hopu.
Ke noho maʻamau. The code is a lone predator that hele hunting, maʻamau ma ka dusk. Eia naʻe, inā mālama ʻia nā wahi, hiki iā ia ke ʻimi i ke ao. ʻO ka ration o ke code ka nui o nā rodents a me nā manu. I kekahi manawa - nā reptile ole-nā mea ʻole a me nā mea hihiu. ʻAʻole ʻuʻuku ka lilo o nā isese home, ducks a me nā hens i lilo i ka pā ma ke code. He mea huna malu ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia puʻupaʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻi i aʻo ʻia ma ke ao ʻana. Ua ʻike wale ʻia ka noho ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka manawa nui o ka lā ma luna o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, e iho wale ana i ka hiʻona a no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho, ka nui o ka hiki a hiki i ka 2.5 mau mika square. km Ma nā ululāʻau ulu a ulu nā lāʻau, i ke ao e peʻe ana ke code i nā mākeke a i ʻole ka hana ana i ka lua no lākou iho i nā ʻulāʻau a me nā wahie. Aia ma ka lā 2 mau makahiki e pili ana i nā lālani o nā mākaʻi o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o nā wahine hāpai i ka awelika o 73-75 mau lā. Mai 1 a 3 mau kittens i hānau ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala, hānai i ka waiū a hiki i 3 mau mahina. Pili ka nohona, ʻoiai hoʻi i lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi i ke pio ʻana, he liʻiliʻi iki - 10-11 mau makahiki. I ke kūlohelohe - ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi loa ia.
Kanikau ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia puaʻa hihiu. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke hopu iā ia. No laila, ʻo ka pilikia nui no ka nui o kēia holoholona holoholona kupaianaha, ʻo ia ka luku ʻia e ke kanaka no ke kanu ʻana i ke kīpī, a me ka poʻi no ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻili holoholona maikaʻi. Hōʻake pinepine nā mea mahiʻai i nā code no ka hoʻopaʻi no ka heihei i pau, a i kekahi manawa lilo mau holoholona i mau make ʻole o ka manu alō a manu manu paha me ka ʻīlio.
Hōʻike ʻia o Oncilla
ʻO ka kūhaka loa, ua like like ka oncilla me kahi jaguar miniature. Ua unuhi ʻia kēia inoa - "jaguar liʻiliʻi." ʻO kona lōʻihi he 60-85 kenimika, oncilla kekahi o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi. A ʻo 25-40 mau kenimika ma ka ua. ʻO ka paona o ka pōpoki mai 1.5 a 3 kilograms. Ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā pepeiao o ke kamaa tiger. Welina me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i waenakonu, a ʻeleʻele ma waho. ʻO ka pōkole ka hulu o ka pōpoki, palupalu a me ka mānoanoa.
ʻO nā kulana oncilla ʻē aʻe, heʻokoʻa ka aniani ʻulaʻula. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a i hope hoʻi, ua ʻokeʻokeʻo ka lole me nā pulu uliuli maikaʻi, ʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma o ka cat tiger e keʻokeʻo a loaʻa i nā wahi ʻeleʻele. I ka maka, ua loaʻa nā hōʻailona keʻokeʻo. Ke kino o ke kino me nā kaula ākea, nona nā wahi polū poepoe.
Ke noho nei ʻo Oncilla ma nā mā anuʻu mauʻu. Ma nā kuahiwi mauna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka oncilla ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ʻekolu mau mika ma luna o ke kai. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi me ka ulu ʻaihele, i nā kanu kanu eucalyptus, ʻaʻole i mamao loa i kahi noho kanaka.
No laila he aha ke "jaguar liʻiliʻi"? ʻAe, maʻalahi nā mea āpau, ua like ka oncilla me kahi jaguar, ʻo ka hoʻohui a me ka kala ka mea hiki ke hana i ka mākaʻikaʻi malihini kipa iā ia me kahi pēpē pēpē.
Eia naʻe, me ka noiʻi like ʻole o ka holoholona, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka cat tiger ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā pōpoki ma ka ʻāina neotropic. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui o kona mau hoahānau - kahi ocelot a me kahi puaʻa lōʻihi.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka oncilla e loaʻa wale nō he 65 cm. ʻO ke aniani 40 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona o ke kāne hiki i 3 kg, akā i ke ʻano he nui loa. Pono nā wāwae o ka ʻīlio hihiu. Aia hoʻi nā pepeiao a me nā maka he nui lākou i hāʻawi i nā holoholona i nani a nani hoʻi.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o oncillas ʻo kona kala. ʻO ke kala ʻāhinahina o ka hulu ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pōpoki mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma hope, ua ʻōleʻulu pū ka lole i nā wahi ʻeleʻele maikaʻi. Akā ʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma ke keʻokeʻo me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e pili ana. Hūpiki hoʻi ka muzzle, eia wale nō nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia. Ka uhi ʻia ʻo ka huelo i nā pōʻeleʻele e hui pū ʻia i loko o nā apo i pili i ke kihi (mai 7 a 13 mau apo).
Hiki ke hoʻomālamalama nā maka i ʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele.
I waena o nā oncils, ʻike pinepine nā melanist - aneane kēlā me kēia ʻelima. Kūpono kēlā mau kūleʻa ʻehā i kahi ʻōuli ʻeleʻele o ka pulu.
Ke ola maʻamau
Noho ka kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi ulu o ke kaiāhi subtropical. ʻO ka Oncillas kahi aloha nui i nā kuahiwi mauna me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 km ma luna o ke kai. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ulu maloʻo, no ka laʻana ma Venezuela, ʻike pū ʻia kēia mau pōpoki e ʻike pinepine ʻia.
Hoike ako ole ka nohona o keia mau holoholona. E like me ka hapanui o nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana, ka hana a oncillus i hōʻike ʻia i ka pouli. I ke ahiahi makemake lākou i ka hoʻomaha, piʻi ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau.
No ka mea he predator liʻiliʻi ka oncilla, nā ʻano āpau o nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā ʻalā, nā lizards, nā baki a me nā manu i loko o kāna papaʻai ʻana. Aia ma laila he hōʻike no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia pēpē i kāna mau moʻo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka meaʻai ma ka oncils e loaʻa ai nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā mea ʻino ʻole a me nā rana lāʻau.
ʻO Oncilla, e like me ka hapa nui o nā pōpoki hihiu, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala pilikino. ʻOi ka ʻeke a ka tiger i ka wanaʻao, a i ka lā e hoʻomaha ai i ka lālā o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka Oncilla kahi puaʻa hihiu, a ʻo kona ʻai ʻana e like me nā kolo a pau i nā nahele: nā manu, nā momi liʻiliʻi (ka nui o nā rodents), nā mea kīnā ʻole maiʻa, nā primates liʻiliʻi, a me nā huaʻala lāʻau.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO Oncilli, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi a me nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua kākau ʻia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 3200 m ma luna o ke kai. Makemake lākou i ka nui o nā mea ulu lāʻau a ua loaʻa i loko o ka nui o ka nui o nā mea hoʻopulapula o ke ʻano ulu, ʻo ia nō nā ʻano māla pōkulu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai.
Mai 350 a 1,500 m, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻikaʻi ma nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻi a i ʻole nā māulala. Mai 1,500 m a i luna, hiki ke ʻike i kēia ʻano i nā ʻalāʻau ʻāhu ʻūhuʻu a i ʻole nā māululu manuahi e ʻike nui ʻia. Hōʻike ka nui o nā ʻikepili i ka ulu ʻana o ka lākou heluna ma nā wao nahele a me nā subtropika, a ma Brazil, ua hāleʻa lākou i nā savannas a me nā lāʻau semi-arid thorny. ʻOiai ka lewa o nā Oncillas piʻi mākaʻikaʻi i nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ia nā holoholona terasibina.
Ke kūlana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka pale oncilla
ʻO ka hoʻoulu pono ʻia ʻo Oncilla. Ma muli o ka hulu nani, ua ʻimi ʻia nā kuhi tiger no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka nalowale o kahi noho i lilo i ka hoʻopalapula ʻana a me ka poaching e alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ka nui o kēia mau ʻano.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike iki ka liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i ke ola o nā oncils; Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau pōpoki ma o ka nānā ʻana iā lākou ma nā kiola ma ka honua. I kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ʻike.
ʻO ka pōpilikia nui, e like me ka manawa mau, ʻo ke kanaka. Mai ka wā kahiko, ʻimi ka poʻi i ka holoholona no ka mea o kāna hulu nani. Aia ka manawa i kahi o 100 tausani mau kanaka e luku ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki (13000 mau holoholona i luku ʻia i 1977 a me 84,500 i ka makahiki 1983), akā i kēia manawa ka lehulehu o ka oncilli, e like me ka helu helu, ʻo ia wale nō ma kahi o 50 tausani pōpoki.
ʻO Oncilla e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka home. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau i loko o ka zoos ʻEulopa.
ʻO ke manaʻolana i ke ola ma kahi o 20 makahiki. Ke kūlohelohe - 12-15 mau makahiki.
Ua helu ʻia nā Oncils ma nā Lāpono I CITES.
- Leopona (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] tigrina [tigrinus] - i Costa Rica.
- Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] guttula - ma Central Brazil.
- Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] pardiniodes - i nā ʻĀkau ʻĀkau.
- Leopardus (Felis) tigrina [tigrinus] tigrinis - ma Northeast Brazil a me Guiana.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO ka maʻi Oncillas he nocturnal, akā hele mau i ka manawa ma ke ao. ʻOiai no ka nui o nā holoholona terrestrial, hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pōpoki no ka piʻi. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano o ka wā hoʻoulu, akā ke manaʻo ʻia he mau wahi mehameha. I ka ulu lāʻau, hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻeha nui i nā wahine. He mea maʻamau ka hānau ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki i nā holoholona ma mua o lākou iho.
Hoʻaiho
Noho kēia holoholona ʻokoʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi loa, aia i nā ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil a me ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka oncilla ma nā kahakai o ka Amazon, ʻike paʻa ʻo kēia holoholona e makemake i ke kuahiwi a me nā ululāʻau subtropical, he ona melemele a me nā "puʻu" foggy ", ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi ma mua o ʻekolu mau haneli ʻelua haneli ma mua o ke kai. Akā inā subtropical ka ulu lāʻau, a laila kiʻekiʻe ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe 1500 mika.
Loaʻa nā hōʻike ʻike ʻia nā nīnona tiger i nā ululāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ma nā wahi me nā lāʻau eucalyptus i haʻalele ʻia, a i ka wao nahele ʻo Venezuela.
Ma Brazil, hoʻopōleʻa o Oncillas i nā savannas, nā lāʻau dala mai semi-efitra a me nā mea kanu eucalyptus like ʻole.
Mākou ka mea hoʻokalakupua
E like me nā mea kikoʻī he nui, hele aku ka oncilla i ka wā lōkole, aiʻole i ka pō. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā ululāʻau subtropical, kahi mau wahi iki iki ka lau, hiki ke hālāwai ʻoe i ka pōpō i ke ahiahi.
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Tiger cat i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa. I nā wahine, ʻo ka nui o ke aniani a hiki i 2.3 km2. He nui ka laulā o nā males - mai 4.8 a 17 km2, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia a hiki i kahi e manaʻo ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou nui.
ʻO kāna papaʻai e loaʻa ai nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā manu (hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kā lākou manu manu ma mua o kaʻai ʻana). Aia ka manaʻo he hiki ke hopu i nā nahele ʻawaʻawa a me nā rīa lāʻau. Aia kekahi mau moʻolelo ma Brazil, e ʻai nui ka oncilli i nā primata liʻiliʻi. Pepehi lākou i kā lākou mau mea make me ka pōkole hoʻokahi - pana i ka ʻūhā a hiki i ka lolo.
ʻO kēia mau pēpē he maikaʻi "piʻi naʻi" e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau, akā makemake nui lākou i ka ʻāina.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻole ka holoholona - hiki i ka oncilla ke komo pū i ka hakakā me nā loina feline i ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka nui. Mea kupaianaha hoʻi ia i kēlā mau kaua ke kū mai ʻo ia i lanakila.
A lawa kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me nā pēpē home, ʻaʻole lākou makemake e kaena nui wale. I loko o ka wai hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka ulia pōpilikia.
Kū maikaʻi
Hōʻowai kino ʻole ʻia ʻo Oncils i kā lākou wahi kikoʻī ma muli o ke ʻili maikaʻi o ke kino ʻulaʻula like i ka lole o nā ocelots a me nā pōpoki lōʻihi lōʻihi (margay). Ma waena o 1976 a me 1982, aia nā paʻu oncil i waena o nā ʻaka hihiu maikaʻi loa. Kuhi ʻia lākou i ka mākeke pua nani.
ʻO ka ʻaka a Geoffroy
A me kekahi mini jaguar o ʻAmelika Hema - ʻo ka cat Geoffrey (Leopardus geoffroyi, Felis geoffroyi, Oncifelis geoffroyi), i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mea nāna i ʻike i kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻo ka French naturalist Geoffre Saint-Hilaire. ʻO ia kekahi ʻohana pili ʻo ia ma ka mini-jaguar oncilla.
I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā subspecies o kēia holoholona e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa:
- Nāleila geoffroyi - ma waena o Argentina
- Felis geoffroyi Paraguayae - i loko o South Brazil a me Uraguay,
- Felis geoffroyi Euxantha - i Bolivia,
- ʻO Felis geoffroyi Salinarum - ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chaco.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻano:
- Kāleka. Hoʻohālikelike kēia holoholona i ka oncilla i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, e ʻokoʻa wale ana i nā kaila liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me ka nui o ka nui (ma muli o ke kaʻe nui). ʻO ke kaumaha o ke pua kolo ʻo Geoffrey i hōʻea kokoke i 5 kg i nā kāne a hiki i ka 4 kg i nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 45 a 75 sentimita. ʻO ke kala o ka holoholona he melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona kaʻawale o ka hiʻohiʻona hoʻohui e hoʻohui i nā wahi, nā pōʻai, nā kīwī a me nā apo. I ka manawa pinepine aia nā kānaka āpau-ʻeleʻele.
Ka māhele a me ka noho ʻana. Kahele ʻia ʻo Geoffrey cat ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema - ma ke kūkulu hema o Brazil, ma ka hema o ʻAmelika a ma Patagonia kūkulu hema. Hoʻopuni ʻia kēia wahi i nā wahi i kapa ʻia o nā ʻalopeka a i nā mauna haʻahaʻa, nā puna, nā wao solonchak, nā wahi o nā ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi, nā lāʻau palala a me nā koena. ʻO ka ʻaka a Geoffrey he holoholona kūpono maoli ʻo ia e hiki ke kūleʻa i kū i nā wahi me nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me ke aniani. Maʻalahi loa kēia holoholona kokoke i nā kānaka.
Kanikau ʻO ka ʻenemi nui loa o kēia holoholona holoholona he kanaka ʻaʻole ia e hānai aku iā ia no kāna pua nani (ʻoihana manu a me ke kālepa ʻana ma kēia mau holoholona i pāpā ʻia i nā wahi a pau) ʻAʻole ʻaina o kēia mau holoholona kūlohelohe i hiki ke hōʻino i ka lehulehu.
Ke noho maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻo Geoffrey, e like me ka hapanui o nā ʻohana cat, ke ola i ka noho manawaleʻa. Holoi ia i ka ʻāina, nā lāʻau, ma nā lāʻau i ʻole a kokoke i loko o nā loko, kahi nui i ka pōʻeleʻele. ʻO nā ʻōlima hānai he nui wale nō nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, akā nā puaʻa guinea, agouti, reptiles, nā pepeke, nā hua manu a me ka iʻa lau. E holo maikaʻi ka holoholona a ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka wai. Hoʻoulu kēia mau holoholona i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa (no ka mea e hoʻopiʻi pinepine nei ka poʻe mahiʻai iā lākou iho). I ke lā, makemake nui kēia mini jaguar e hūnā i ke kumulāʻau a i ʻole ma ka lāʻau (i kahi lāʻau ulu). ʻO nā papa o ko lākou wahi noho e pono a hōʻailona pinepine. ʻO ka nui maʻamau o ka papa e hiki mai i 4 a 10 mau mika square. km
Puberty i loko o nā pēpē o kēia ʻano ulu i ka makahiki ʻelua. Mea pinepine ka hele ʻana ma ka lāʻau. I nā wahi ululāʻau, nā keiki kūlū hou. Ma nā ʻona kūlima ʻole, hoʻonohonoho nā kahe ʻo Geoffrey i mau mea huna huna i loko o nā pohō a i ʻole nā pali pōhaku. Mai 1 a 3 mau kinohi ka hānau ʻia i loko o kahi lī (ʻoi aku a ʻelua mau litters i hoʻokahi makahiki). Aia ka lactation i kahi o ʻekolu mahina, ma hope o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka hua i ka meaʻai ʻai ʻiʻo.
- ʻĀnō ke ola ʻaʻole he mea nui kēia mau holoholona nani i loko o ke kanaka, ma ka hoʻop pio i kekahi manawa ke ola nei lākou he 14 mau makahiki.
Aliʻi Haunu (Prionailurus viverrinus)
Aia, i ka hopena, e pili ana i ka pōpoki, ka mea like hoʻi me ka jaguar i ka miniatur, akā noho mamao loa mai ia - ma ʻĀsia Hema. He kanaka lawaiʻa paha kona inoa a he pua civet.
- Kāleka. Ua like ʻo Viverra cat-law e like me viverra (ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai kona inoa) a me kekahi mau puaʻa hihiu kaulana hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka laulā ākea - ʻo ka jaguarundi e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ia kino ikaika ke kino, ke kino elongated a me ke poʻo nui ma ka ʻāʻī māiwi, he mau wāwae pōkole. ʻAʻole ka nui o ka nui o ka pua wyverrow: ʻo ke kino o nā wahine i hōʻea i 70 sentimika ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku paha ka nui o nā pōpoki - mai 86 a 117 paha kenimika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino i nā wahine a hiki i ka 7-7.5 kg, i nā kāne - a hiki i 12 kg. ʻAe, he holoholona kaumaha nui ka cat-Fisher, akā he mea hoʻokalakupua nui a wikiwiki wikiwiki. Heʻili a koʻikoʻi ka hulu o ka holoholona, i pena ʻia i ka hina hina-ʻoliva me nā wahi oval a me ka oblong.
Ka māhele a me ka noho ʻana. ʻO kahi noho nui o kēia mau holoholona ʻo ia ka Penikala Hindustan, akā loaʻa kekahi ma nā mokupuni ʻo Java a me Ceylon. Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ma Malaysia a me Thailand. Manaʻo kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻulā o ka penula, momona i nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko, nāʻu i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka lāʻau a me ka mauʻu paha, e ʻae iā lākou ʻaʻole e komo wale i kā lākou ʻano lawaiʻa punahele - lawaiʻa, akā mālama pono ʻia e hūnā me nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe inā pono.
Kanikau ʻO ke kūlohelohe, he hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā pua civere i nā ʻenemi; he lawa ka mea e hemo nei mai kahi mea nui nui ma ka manawa. ʻAʻole makemake ka mea hoʻopili liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili iā ia ma muli o kāna ʻano ʻino. No laila, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui loa o kēia pēpē, kahi mea nāna e luku i ka hana maʻamau o kēia mau leʻa o ka liʻiliʻi o Asia me kāna hana. ʻO ka ʻimi no kēia pēpē, no ka mau pono o kāna hulu a me nā manu, ua hana ʻia hoʻi i ka hōʻino ʻole i ka lehulehu. Kuhi ʻia ka lawaiʻa puaʻa i ka Red Book a mālama ʻia ʻo ia e ke kānāwai.
He kuhi manu Vorera i kahi lawaiʻa lone i kekahi manawa o ka lā a ke makemake nei i ka hoʻolele wale no ka manawa pōkole no ka moe ʻana. ʻO kaʻu e ʻōlelo aku he ʻano paʻakikī a ʻano ʻōpala ka lawaiʻa, ua hele pinepine ʻo ia i ka hakakā me nā ʻohana kamaliʻi a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka ulu lāʻau puni a me nā ʻāpana puni.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine o kēia mau holoholona i mau manawa i ka makahiki, e mau ana ka manawa i loko o ka hebedoma. ʻO ka hapai ʻana i nā pōpoki lawaiʻa e lōʻihi no 64-70 lā. Mai ka ʻelua a ʻekolu mau ʻālani i hānau ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala, kahi e hānai ai ka makuahine me ka waiū no ʻekolu mau mahina. E lilo nā keiki a Kittens i kahi pākeke a kokoke like me nā makahiki ʻeiwa.
ʻAʻole paʻa ke ola o ke ʻano o kēia mau jaguars ma ke ʻano, ma ka pio ʻana he 15 a 24 mau makahiki.
E ʻike hou i nā pōpoki hihiu ma kēia wikiō: