ʻO nā kai o ka honua ka mea e haʻaheo i nā ʻano ola like ʻole o nā kānaka maʻamau, akā ua ʻike pū kekahi i nā mea noiʻi. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, ʻoiai he 10% o ke ola kai i ʻike a ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻekekema hou. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā pilikia i ʻike ʻia e nā poʻe noiʻi o nā wahi ākea o ka moana: hohonu hohonu, ka nele o ke ao, kaomi ʻana mai nā nui wai, a me nā hoʻoweliweli mai nā mea i lalo o ka wai. Akā naʻe, ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau holoholona moana. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, he pelu pālua ka beluga whale mai ka subale pālala ulu manuahi, aia no kekahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā narwhals.
Kāleka
No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kohola beluga, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi hāhina nui me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka ʻoka ("ihu"). ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona i ke ʻano o ka lae convex nui ma luna o kona poʻo, no laila, kapa ʻia nā koholā beluga i kapa ʻia ka "lobate". ʻAʻole hoʻopili ʻia kā lākou cervical vertebrae, no laila ʻo kēia mau lālā o nā cetaceans, ʻaʻole like i ka hapa nui o ko lākou poʻe hoahānau, hiki ke huli i ko lākou poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao like.
Loaʻa i loko o Belugas nā peni pectoral liʻiliʻi a me kahi ʻoi ikaika, akāʻaʻohe mea dorsal fin.
ʻO nā holoholona pākeke (ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki) he ʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, mai kahi i hea ai ko lākou inoa. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē i a uliuli a i ʻole he uliuli uliuli, akā ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki ka hoʻomālamili ʻia ko lākou ʻili a loaʻa ke ʻano hepaʻalala bluish-hina.
He wā make nui ʻo Beluga i ka nui o ka mahalo: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā kāne ma ka 5 mau mika a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 1.5-2 mau aniani, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine.
Hoʻaiho
Ua koho kēia mau kamaʻāina moana i nā wai o ke Kai Kūʻai - ka Kara, Barents, Chukchi moana. I ke Keokeo loaʻa pinepine nā ʻike kokoke i nā moku ʻo Solovetsky. Kūkā ʻia nā kohola beluga ākea ma waena o 50 ° a me 80 ° ʻākau ka lōʻihi. Ke noho nei i loko o ke kai kai o ka Moana Pakipika - ke kai o Okhotsk, Iapana a me Bering, a komo i ka Moana Baltic (ʻōpū o ke kai Atlantika).
He manu momi keke ʻo Belukha, akā i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pānaʻi, komo pinepine ʻo ia i nā kahe ʻākau nui - Amur, Ob, Lena, Yenisei, kaukani mau haneli mau mile i luna.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o nā kohola beluga ʻo ke kai kula - capelin, herring, polar cod, cod, Pacific navaga. Makemake lākou e ʻai i ka flounder, keʻokeʻo a i ʻole salmon, ʻokoʻa ʻole ke kiʻi i nā crustaceans a me cephalopods.
ʻO ka hele ʻana o kēia mau momm i nā holoholona nui. "E kamaʻilio pū me" a me ka hana pū ʻana, hoʻokae lākou i ka iʻa i ka wai pāpaku, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hopu ʻana.
Kōkuhi ʻo ke kohola keʻokeʻo a hoʻopau i kā lākou mea pio. E hoʻopau i ka pākeke ma kahi o 15 kg o ka iʻa i ka lā.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau, nā hana a me nā mea nui koʻikoʻi
Ke kōpili nui a beluga paha? E kūkākūkā ʻia kēia ma lalo nei. Ma kēia e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hana maʻamau o kēia mau kamaʻāina. Kuku lākou i nā wahi ākea o ka wai ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi - 10-15 kēlā me kēia mea, a ʻaʻa nā kāne i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā wahine me nā cub. ʻO ka maʻamau ka wikiwiki o 10-12 km / h, akā i ka pōʻino e hiki ke piʻi i 25 km / h.
E like me ka dolphin maʻamau, hiki i ka kohola beluga ke holo i kahi hohonu o 300 m, akā kēlā me kēia 5 mau minuke ka puka ʻana mai i ka honua e hoʻopau i ka wai hou. Inā kūpono, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau mau ma lalo o ka wai no nā minuke 15-20, akā ʻaʻohe mea hou aʻe. Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu no ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻona hau - ua uhi ke kulu o ka wai i ko lākou hiki i ka oxygen.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā holoholona he mea kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā bea polū. Inā ʻike ka mea pepehi kanaka i kahi kohola beluga ma lalo o ka wai, a laila ʻaʻole e ola ʻo ia. Holo ka polar i ka "kohola keʻokeʻo" ma ka ʻalā a puki iā lākou i ka wā e kū ai lākou i ka ʻula, a laila e huki i waho o ka wai a ʻai.
ʻO nā puna wai āpau, moltals i loko o ka manaʻo maoli o ka huaʻōlelo, ʻo ia hoʻi, a hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā ʻōpala make kahiko, no ka mea o kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā kua a me nā ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻōpala i loko o ka wai pāpaku.
He manu maikaʻi ʻo Beluga a hauʻoli ʻo ia i nā kānaka, hele mai ia me ka leʻaleʻa a hāʻawi maikaʻi iā ia i ke aʻo. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia kekahi hihia hoʻokahi o ka lele ʻaʻā keʻokeʻo i kahi kanaka. No laila hana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mammals i nā dolphinariums, kōkua i nā mea ʻokoʻa, nā mea aʻoaʻo, nā mea lawehala o ke kai hohonu.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, noho kēia mau cetaceans a hiki i 35-40 mau makahiki, i ka hoʻopio - a hiki i ke 50 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka pāla a me ka hānau ʻana ma belugas ma nā wahi kahakai, nā wahi me ka wai mahana. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, kēia mau wahi kokoke i nā waha wai. Ma aneʻi ma waena o ka pūnāwai a me ka hoʻoilo o nā kūlā polar i hānau ʻia ma mua. I kēia mau mommaka, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi bipi keiki 1.4-1.6 mika a lōʻihi o ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 70 kilograms. ʻO ke kaʻina o ke keiki e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka 1,5 mau makahiki. A mau kāne wahine i loko o hoʻokahi hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Beluga cub ma hope o kona makuahine.
No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka hoihoi o nā wahine, hoʻonohonoho nā kāne i nā hakakā. Hoʻōla ke kaʻina o ka wahine hāpai i 14 mau mahina. ʻO ka Puberty i nā wahine hele i 4-7 mau makahiki, a ma ka makahiki 20 o ka nalo i ko lākou hiki ke lilo i ka hapai. ʻO ka pale ʻO nā kāne ma kahi 7-9 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke ola o belugas he 35-40 mau makahiki, a ma ka hoʻopio ʻana, ola ke kōlima polar i 45 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka helehelena
ʻO ke kohola Beluga - e pili ana i ka mammal mai ka ʻohana o narwhal, kahi ʻāpana o nā kohola i hana ʻia, akā no ka nui o nā wahi e noho ai, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano nuku. ʻEkolu mau lāleka ma ka pae o Lūkia - Far Eastern, Kara a me ka White tugas ma ka hālima.
ʻO ka holoholona o nā nui nui a hiki i ka 6 mika ka lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 2 tons. Ua liʻiliʻi nā kāne wahine.
Ke loli nei ka kala i loko o nā makahiki - i nā holoholona hou, ua ʻulaʻula ka ʻili kino o ke kino, a ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki ua lilo ia i ka paler ka maikaʻi, loaʻa iā ia kahi hina a ʻulaʻula paha, a hala ka ʻekolu a ʻelima mau makahiki i lilo ai ka holoholona i ka moe, ua ʻoliʻoli a blueness a nalowale, ʻeka ke keʻokeʻo. a kāhea iā lākou). Mālama mau ʻia kēia kala.
Ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, akā aia kahi lā nui. ʻAʻole maopopo ka nui mau kohola i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ko lākou mau poʻo, no ka mea, ʻo ka vertebrae kekahi ʻāpana - hui pū ʻia kekahi me kekahi. A i nā kohola beluga ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka cartilage, no laila hiki i ke kohola ke huli i kona poʻo i kahi e pono ai. ʻAnoʻaka loa nā io i ka helehelena a ua hana pinepine ʻia ka muzzle i kekahi mau manaʻo - ka hauʻoli, leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka huhū paha.
ʻAʻole nui loa nā loi pectoral. ʻAʻohe o dorsal ʻokoʻa ka beluga. No ka mea ma waena o ka hau, aia paha kēia ʻano kikoʻī a ke hoʻopilikia nei.
He koʻikoʻi ka ʻili (a hiki i 2 sentimita) a ikaika hoʻi, ma lalo o kahi pā momona, ʻo ke aniani ka manawa a hiki i 15 sentimeter, lawelawe ʻo ia i kahi hoʻomehana thermal holoholona.
Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana
Makemake ʻo Belugas i ke ola kolamu, he nui o nā pūʻulu ko lākou ʻohana - hui pū nā kāne i kekahi mau hui, a ʻo nā wahine me kā lākou poʻe ʻōpio ma kekahi. I ka pūnāwai, hele nā mammals i nā kahakai anu ʻākau i hala, kahi i kū ai lākou i ka manawa mahana i nā mahina liʻiliʻi a me nā estuaries. I ka wai pāpaku i kēia manawa, he nui maoli o ka iʻa.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā polikona polar ka capelin, polar cod, flounder, cod, a me ka navaga. Aloha nō hoʻi ʻo Belugas i ka salmon, ka puʻu, nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole hopu ka māhu i ka mea pio, akā e hānai iā ia me ka wai. I ka wai kauwela, e hoʻomaka ana nā koholā beluga i nā momi, hoʻokaʻawale nā holoholona i ka ʻili o ka ʻili make, ke ʻū nei i nā pebbles a me nā pōhaku liʻiliʻu, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻili o nā kino ma nā pā nui.
Kōlei hoʻomaʻamaʻa Beluga.
Noho ʻo nā koholā Beluga i ke manawa kauwela ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hele lākou i ka wahi i hānau ai lākou; I ka wā e kū mai ai ka hau, ua haʻalele nā pali polar i nā kai a me ke kahakai kokoke i ke kihi o nā māla. Inā lawa ʻole nā iʻa i ka iʻa e ʻai ai, holo lākou i nā wahi no ke kulu ʻana i ka hau. Ma kēia mau wahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka wai ʻai mai ka wai a me ka hau. Hoʻākoakoa nā dolphins e kokoke i ka lāʻau ʻōpala nui a hoʻopili i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka hanu.
Palau ʻia kahi koholā beluga i loko o ka pale lima i ka wai a me ka lewa.
Kēia mau lua i loko o ka hau i loaʻa i kekahi mau kilomita mai kekahi. Inā uhi piha ka ʻōpala i ka hau, a laila e hoʻomoʻa nā lāʻau polar me ia i ko lākou mau kino ikaika. I ka wā ikaika o ka makani ʻōlohelohe, hiki i ka lua ke kahili ma luna o kēlā me kēia, hoʻopaʻa loa iā lākou i ka ʻohana o ka lewa. Pilikia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano pōpilikia no nā kohola beluga, ʻoiai hiki ke alakaʻi i ka manaʻo i ka make ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā poʻe haneli he mau haneli.
Kanikau
ʻElua wale nō ʻenemi ʻo Belugas (ke kai a me ka ʻāina) - ka mea make pepehi kohola a me nā bear polar. ʻO ia nā kime ʻelua a me ka nui.
ʻO nā ʻili polar e like me ka momona o nā kohola beluga ma muli o ka momona kino o ke kino. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohuhiluhila nā bears i kahi kokoke i nā wahi nui, a i ka wā neʻe ke alo o ka lumena i kona alo e hana i ka lewa, hopu aku ka bea me nā paila ikaika. Wehe ka ʻūlio i kahi kanaka i huki ʻia mai ka wai a ʻai ma ka ʻāina.
ʻO Or Or like nō hoʻi i ka ʻai o nā ʻihe polar. E lele wikiwiki a hoʻopio wale i nā kohola i ka wai, aneane hiki ʻole ke pakele mai ka make ʻana o ka uila, ʻoiai ua ulu nā koholā i nā koholā e like me ka wikiwiki o ka nui o nā heihei.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka hua a me nā keiki
Mālama ʻia nā male ma 7 mau makahiki he nui, ʻo ia nā wahine ma mua o ka makahiki 4. ʻO ka wā hānai e kū ana ma muli o ka noho - mai ka waena o ʻApelila a Iune. ʻO ka maʻamau, no nā leʻaleʻa maluhia, ua wae ʻia nā wahi mālie ma kahakai. I ka wā pāʻani, hele hakakā nā kāne no ka nānā ʻana o ka wahine, hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā maoli i loko o ka wai. Ua koho ka wahine i ka mea lanakila ma ke ʻano he hoa like, a laila hana ʻia ka male.
Hōʻulu ʻia nā pūʻulu wahine i kā lākou paʻa ʻana i ka manawa a pau a hiki i ka wā e hānau ai lākou. Hānau lākou i ke kaha kahakai i nā wai mahana. ʻO ka maʻamau ke hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub, ʻoiai kekahi mau manawa (akā ʻaʻole loa) he mau māhoe. Ma hope o 13-14 mahina, ua hānau ʻia ka dolphin liʻiliʻi. Hana ʻia ka hānau keiki me ka ʻoi i mua. ʻO kona lōʻihi a i hoʻokahi hapa a me ka hapalua mika, koke koke, i hānau ʻia i ka mālamalama, puka mai ka pēpē i ka maka a lawe i ka hanu mua. E hānai ka makuahine i kāna kiola nui (a hiki i 80 kilograms i ka hānau) me ka waiū, a hana kēia i kahi lōʻihi - mai hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki.
Hoʻoikaika
He ʻike maikaʻi ʻo Belugas - ke ʻike maikaʻi iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai a ma luna o luna, akā makemake lākou e hoʻokele i ka pahu wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka pae ultrasonic. Akā ma waho aʻe o kēia, hiki i ka belugas ke hana i nā ʻelima leo nui he kanalima: hiki i nā manu ke hoʻomāhoihoi, squeaks ma nā leo like ʻole, ʻalalā, manuahi, ʻāʻane, nā leo ʻē aʻe e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi ulu. ʻO nā kani, e like me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, no ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā lālā. Ua aʻo lākou e hoʻohana i nā hiʻohiʻona facial no ka kumu like.
He kāne a beluga
No ka nui o ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa o beluga e hele i ka like me nā ala like ʻole, ʻoi loa ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka poʻe iʻa. Ua hoʻolei ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā lāʻau pāpaho, kahi i hāʻule ai lākou. Ma kahi ala like ʻole, ua luku ʻia nā haneli o kēia mau poʻe. A i ʻole hoʻohana i nā hana ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, ke kāohi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea kau a me nā ʻupena. Ua ʻimi lākou no ka mea kaulana nā kohola no ka ʻiʻo palupalu, ke kino ikaika, ke kao momona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kīpā i kapa ʻia ʻia.
I ke ao hou o kēia, ua papa ʻia ka hopu ʻana, he helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka Red Book.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā kohola beluga mai nā kohola ʻē aʻe
- Hiki ke hoʻokuʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā kohola Beluga. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻohana ai ka poʻe i ka wā e hoʻokumu ana i nā dolphinariums, kahi e noho ai nā moa i nā kūlana e kokoke kokoke i ka wahi kūlohelohe. Me ke kōkua o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa e aʻo i nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni a hoʻonohonoho i nā hana. Ua aʻo ʻia nō hoʻi lākou e pana i lalo o ke kai, kahi mea e kōkua ai i ka ʻimi ʻana o ka ʻAliki.
- ʻAʻole maikaʻi wale ʻo Belugas he mea lawaiʻa maikaʻi, akā he mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wai wale nō, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau kohola ke lilo i ka manawa nui - ʻaʻole ma mua o 10-15 mau minuke. Pono lākou e hoʻokuke i kēlā me kēia mau minuke i ka papa e hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa me kahi hapa o ka ea.
- I mea e mālama ai i ka hana maʻamau, pono nā belask i ʻai ma kahi o 15 kilograms o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo kēia mau kohola, no ko lākou hiki i ke mele a hana i nā leo ʻē aʻe, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "canaries sea." No ke kumu like, ua hala ka huaʻōlelo "uwē beluga".
ʻLelo a me ke ʻano
Kahi kikola ʻo Beluga - e pili ana i ka mammal mai ka ʻohana o narwhal, ke ʻano heʻenehana aʻa no ka hehi, akā aia ma muli o kēlā mau wahi e ola ana, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nalo. ʻEkolu mau lāleka ma ka pae o Lūkia - Far Eastern, Kara a me ka White tugas ma ka hālima.
ʻO ka holoholona o nā nui nui a hiki i ka 6 mika lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kumu he 2 aihue. Ua liʻiliʻi nā kāne wahine.
Ke loli nei ka kala i loko o nā makahiki - i nā holoholona hou, ua ʻulaʻula ka ʻili kino o ke kino, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki ua lilo ia i ka paler, ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palaka hina a i ʻulaʻula paha, ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻelima paha mau makahiki i lilo ai ka holoholona i ka moekolohe, a hala nā kāne a me ka palaualelo, ʻeleʻele nā ʻula a beluga. a kāhea iā lākou). Mālama mau ʻia kēia kala.
Ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, akā aia kahi lā nui. ʻAʻole ʻike kekahi mau kohola i ka huli ʻana i ko lākou poʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ka vertebrae kekahi ʻāpana - hui pū ʻia ma waena o nā maka. A i nā kohola beluga ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka cartilage, no laila hiki i ke kohola ke huli i kona poʻo i kahi e pono ai. Mālama loa nā ʻū māka hele a hoʻāʻo ʻo ka manaʻo e hōʻike nā muzzle i kekahi mau manaʻo i kēia hihia - ka hauʻoli, leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻowahāwahā a i ʻole ka huhū.
He liʻiliʻi nā loina pectoral-: he nui a laulima nui, oval. ʻAʻohe o dorsal ʻokoʻa ka beluga. No ka mea ma waena o ka hau i kēia hapa (pre) e hoʻonāukiuki a leleʻole.
He ʻalapa loa ka ʻili (ma mua o 2 mau kenimita) a ikaika hoʻi, ma lalo o laila he bayonet momona, aia kekahi manawa a hiki i ka mānoanoa 15 mau kenimika, e ke keiki) i kahi holoholona me ka hoʻomehana thermal.
Habitat, ʻano
Noho ʻo ke kohola Beluga ma loko o ke kai o ka moana Arctic a me nā wai o ka ʻĀkau Wahine, e noho ana ma ke kapakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, poʻohiwi i mua, kahakai o Greenland. He ʻano maʻamau ka ʻano ma ka Bering, Okhotsk, a me Ke Kai ʻoʻokeʻo; ma kahi huakaʻi pōkole, komo ka nui o ka iʻa i ka Baltic. I nā hihia o nā kikoo, i kēlā manawa i kēia manawa e hōʻea i nā kahawai ʻo Lena, Yenisei a me Ob, holo mau i loko o lākou i mau kilomita, akā mau ka hoʻi ʻana i ka embroidery o ka moana - ua nui nā iʻa a me nā meaʻai ma laila. Hoʻololi i ka ʻike i ʻike ʻia ka noho kaʻawale kanaka o kēia holoholona holoholona ma ke kahawai ʻo St. Lawrence.
ʻO Whale a me Belalo Whale
No ka nui o ka lawaiʻa o nā lawaiʻa o beluga e hele i waena o nā ala like ʻole, nā paʻakai i lilo i mea i maʻalahi no ka poʻe ʻaiʻa. Ua hoʻolele ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā lāʻau pāpaho, kahi i paʻapū ai lākou. Ma kahi ʻano like ʻole, ua haki wale ʻia nā haneli o kēia mau poʻe. A i ʻole lākou i hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe - ʻo ia hoʻi, ua kāohi lākou i ka neʻe ʻana me nā ʻupena a me nā ʻupena. Ua ʻimi lākou no ka mea, e like me nā kohola i kaulana ʻia no ka ʻiʻo palupalu, ke kino ikaika, ke kao momona kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea e ʻike ʻia.
I kēia lā o ka honua nei, ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana, helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka ʻatikala ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o nā kohola beluga
ʻO ke kohola Beluga (mai ka Latin Delphinapterus leucas) he makua nui kahi ʻohana, he ʻohana nīnalaka, he piʻolā nā koholā. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka dolphin no ka wahi o ka wahi - o nā kai o ke Komohana ʻĀkau a me nā wahi moe polar.
ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana he circumpolar (50-80 mau degere ma ka palena ʻākau. Kōleʻa Beluga noho aia ma ia mau kai: Bering, Keʻokeʻo, Okhotk, i kekahi manawa komo i ke kai Baltic. I ka wā o nā kahawai hiki i nā awa: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ʻokoʻa kahi kaila o ka kohola kohola ma loko o ka muliwai ʻo St. Lawrence.
He nui kona nui: ke kāne ka lōʻihi i 6 mika, ka wahine - a hiki i 5 mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino mai ka 1.5 a 2 mau ton. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka lawaiʻa beluga ʻo ia ke poʻo, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili iā ia me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi aku i kona poʻo, ʻo ia ka ʻano hoʻohālikelike. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka cervical vertebrae kāpili i kēia. ʻO nā fins ma ka umauma he 'ōpala, he liʻiliʻi ka nui. I nā kohola beluga, ʻaʻole like me nā dolphins, ʻaʻohe pau ʻole i ke kua, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "wingless dolphin".
Kāleka kōʻa nā ʻokoʻa a pili ʻana i nā kenekulia. ʻO nā ʻāpana honu wale nō ka pōuli a me ka hue uliuli uliuli. ʻO nā mea i hiki i ka makahiki ke ʻolilo, loaʻa i ke kala hina a hina paha. I kekahi manawa hoʻololi ke kala i kahi kala ʻulaʻula. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nā poʻe o ka heluna kanaka nona iho he 3-5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke ʻano kālele a Beluga
Hoʻopili ʻo Belugas i kāihā Hoʻolālā ʻia nā hui e like me kēia: he wahine me nā mania a he mau haneli kāne kāne paha. ʻO ka ola ola ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā hanana hoʻohālikelike.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo lākou e mālama i nā kihi o nā wai hemo. Hū pinepine wau i ka hoʻoilo kohula beluga e hoʻopili i ka hau maloʻo a no ka nui o kona hoʻopau ʻana. Hoʻohui pinepine, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā hui i ka hema, i ka wā i uhi ai ke aniani o nā uhi.
I ka pūnāwai, e neʻe lohi nā kula i ka wai papau, i nā estuaries, nā uku, a me nā fjord. ʻO kēia ʻano e pili ana i ka molting makahiki. Hoʻopili lākou i ka papakū o luna make e ka friction e pili i nā pebbles a i ʻole nā panakō paʻakikī.
Hana ʻia ka hekili ma kahi o hoʻokahi ala. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia lawaiʻa beluga Hoʻomanaʻo i kona ʻāina hānau a me ka ʻimi e hoʻi ma laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga ke lilo i mea hana piha i loko o ka hui. No ka mea ua ulu ikaika lākou i ka kamaʻilio: me ke kōkua o nā leo, nā ʻōlelo a ke kino a me ka hōʻike ʻana.
Ua helu ʻia nā kānakaʻepekema a 50 mau leo kani hiki i kēia holoholona ke hana. Kahea ʻana na nāho whale beluga "He canary o nā papa ākea." A ʻano maikaʻi nā ʻano o ka holoholona, e wehewehe ʻo ia i kona ʻano kūlike i ka dolphin. Hāʻawi maikaʻi ia iā ia iho i ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i nā hana leʻaleʻeu pīhoihoi me ko lākou komo ʻana. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke ola. kauniʻi kālā.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hiʻohiʻona beluga
ʻO nā holoholona nui nā Belugas: ʻo kā lākou kino o 3-5 ka mika, ʻo ke kaumaha he 500-1500 kg. ʻO ka ma kahi o 25% ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wahine a aneane ʻelua mau manawa ka nui o lākou.
He enaena nā kohola hou, a laila e pīhoihoi lākou, e lilo i hina hina i ka makahiki hoʻokahi makahiki. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha nā ʻōpiopio.
ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka belugas he ʻāʻī kelepona, ma muli o lākou, e like me ka nui o ka cetaceans, hiki iā lākou ke huli i ko lākou mau poʻo mai ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana o kahi moni dorsal. Ma kahi o ka belugas, e holo ana kahi lua ma hope o ke kua (mai ka waena o ke kino a hiki i ka huelo).
ʻAʻole ia he mea mahalo e hiki i ka nui o nā lawai beluga ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻike "alo". Ke mālie nei ka kohola, me he mea lā e hoʻomāloʻo ana ʻo ia. Akā ke hōʻike nei ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi waha hāmama me nā niho 32-40.
Hōʻoki ʻia kā lākou mau niho wale nō i ka makahiki o ke ola ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola, a he mea hiki ke hoʻomāno ka nui o kā lākou hana. Hōʻalo pinepine ʻo Belugas i kā lākou ʻāʻī, a hiki i nā niho ke mālama i kahi kani nui. Eia kekahi, makemake lākou e hōʻike i ko lākou "ʻoniʻoni" i nā ʻohana.
Aia kekahi kanaka makua i kahi melon (he poʻohiwi momona momona ma ka lae), akā ulu lohi ʻo ia, aʻo nā mea hou o ka wahine. I hoʻokahi mau makahiki pālua, ua nui loa ka melon, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia mai ka snout. ʻO ka mau makahiki 5-8 mau makahiki (ʻo ia ka manawa i hiki mai ai ka wā puberty) e lawe ana ka poʻo momona i kona ʻano maʻamau.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Melon e hoʻopili i nā leo i ka wā o echolocation. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia tomai no ka huli ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea i loko o ka wai hoʻopilikia a i ʻole i ka pōʻele.
Ua hōʻoia ka maʻa maoli i ka pīpī beluga ʻaʻole i manu i ka wai anuanu, e hāʻawi ana me kahi ʻāpana o ka momona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōnoʻi ka nui o kēia papaha a ua liʻiliʻi iki ke poʻo no kēlā kino.
Hoʻaiho
I nā wā prehistoric, noho ʻo belugas i loko o nā wai o nā anuanu huhū. I kēia lā, ola lākou i nā kai maloʻo Arctic o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Rūsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a ʻo Greenland a me Svalbard wale nō. ʻIke ʻia nā lua ma nā kai o ke kahakai a me ke kai ākea, a i ke kauwela a i nā Estuaries wai.
Ma ke kai ʻo Beaufort, i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hikina, hiki i ka hana o belugas ma kahi o hoʻokahi hebedoma i loko o ka moku nui ʻo Mackenzie River Delta, a laila hoʻomau i ko lākou huakaʻi. I kekahi mau wahi, e like me Svalbard, nā kohola i hele mai i ka wāwae o nā mea hanohano.
ʻO nā kohola ʻōpio maikaʻi loa
ʻO ka hīmeni mele ʻana kekahi o nā holoholonaʻoi loa o ka poʻe i waena o nā cetaceans. Aʻa pinepine lākou e ʻike mele. ʻO nā mahele o nā haneli a he mau kaukani o ka belugas he maʻamau a maʻamau i uhi ʻia i nā kilomika mau wahi. He ʻano he ʻano hanohano ia mau ʻano āpau, eia naʻe, ke nānā aku nei ʻoe mai luna aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, he nui ka mea o kēlā me kēia helu like a me nā kāne paha. ʻĀkoakoa nā wahine me nā ʻōpio, nā ʻōpio nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana kūwahi.
E kamaʻilio me Belugas kekahi ma o ka leo kani a me nā hōʻike pilikino. Hoʻopau lākou i nā leo kani like ʻole, me ka mooing, ka naki ʻana, ka lapauʻau, ka mākaʻikaʻi, etc. Aia i lalo o ke kai, nā like o ka halulu ʻana o kēia mau kohola, e like me ka leo o kahi pāmu. ʻO kekahi mau hōʻailona acoustic i hoʻoiho ʻia e lākou e hiki ke lohe ma luna o ka wai.
Ke neʻe nei i ka waha a me ka ʻāʻī ka hana iā belugas e launa pū me kekahi me ke kōkua o ka haʻi ʻana i ka facial facial.
He aha nā mea e ai bel bel?
ʻOkoʻa loa ka meaʻai ʻana i nā kohola beluga. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano iʻa ʻoihana kula, flounder, nā ʻōpū like ʻole, nā ʻeke, nā crustacean a me nā molluscs i mālama i nā mea momona.
ʻO ka hīmeni mele ʻana i nā kohola maʻa ma kahi o ka hohonu i kahi o 500 mau mika. Hiki iā lākou ke holo i kahi hohonu o ka 1000 mau mika, ua kaupalena lākou wale nō ma o ka manawa o kahi hoʻomaha hanu, aia ia he 10-20 mau minuke.
Hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka ʻili i ka cetaceans i ka nānā ʻana a me ka acoustically i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka papahū ma lalo. Hiki iā lāua ke hānai i loko o ka wai a hoʻokuʻu iā ia me kahi kahawai e loaʻa ai kahi mea huna mai ka wahi.
Mālama i ka belugas ma ke ʻano
Hoʻi ʻo Belugas i ko lākou wahi kauwela ma nā ala like ʻole, ʻoiai inā e ʻimi ʻia lākou ma laila. Ma muli o kēia hoʻomau i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano holoholona. He mea ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka makemake ʻana i nā ala no nā neʻe e pili ana i nā neʻe a me nā wahi hānai no lākou ʻaʻole pono ke hūnā i nā wahi noho a kahi i luku ʻia ai ka lehulehu. ʻO kēia wahi, ʻo ke kai ʻo Ungawa ma ke kahua ʻo Labrador Peninsula. Ua nui ka lehulehu o belask ma ʻaneʻi, akā i kēia lā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike.
I nā makahiki he 13 a 19, ua hoʻolele nā koholā o ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa i nā haneli o ka belaskia i kahakai. Hopu hou nā poʻe ʻōiwi iā lākou, akā ma ka wā ma mua ua ʻimi lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona me ka ʻole e hōʻeha nui i ka lehulehu. ʻO nā lako o nā mea ʻenehana Eskimo hou e loaʻa ai nā pu ahi ahi wikiwiki, nā pū aihue a me nā waʻa kaʻa, no laila, hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hōʻeha maikaʻi i ka nui o nā iwi.
I kēia manawa, ua helu ʻia ka nui o nā kohola beluga ma ka honua a ma kahi o 100 tausani, a ʻo ka nui o ka hopu makahiki he mau haneli mai ka haneri a i mau tausani. Akā ʻo ka hopohopo nui loa ka pōʻino o ka nohona pālima o ka beluga no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā aila a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu hydropower, ʻoiai e pili ana ka hoʻomehana honua i pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka helu ʻāina
ʻO ka pālaga Beluga ʻo ia kahi waiwai i mālama ʻia. ʻO ka heluna o nā "kohola keʻokeʻo" ka mea i hōʻemi nui ʻia i ka kenekulia 18-19, i ka wā i lilo ai lākou i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e nā kahu kūʻai ma muli o ka momona momona, momona ʻono a me ka momona ikaika. Ma hope, hoʻomaka ka hopu ʻana i nā kohola beluga, a ʻoiai ke helu nei o kēia mau holoholona, e like me nā mea e manaʻo ʻia ana he 200 tausani kanaka. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli ākea o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka belugas, ʻoiai ke ʻeha nui lākou ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka ikaika i ka Arctic a me ka haumia o ka wai o ka moana Arctic.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Ua ulu nui nā koholā Beluga i nā ʻanā muzzle, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻike o ke "helehelena", ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻike ai i ke kaumaha a i ka huhū, hauʻoli a ʻeha paha. Kahi kuleana hiki ʻole i kahi manawaleʻa i loko o nā kai āpau i lalo o ka wai.
Holo nā koholā Beluga ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, ʻo kā lākou kūlohelohe kūlohelohe maoli e hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻili ikaika a hiki i ʻelua mau kenimika ka mānoanoa a me kahi paona ikaika a hiki i 15 cm kūpaʻa kēia e pale ai i nā holoholona mai ka hypothermia.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Belugas "pololi canaries" a i ʻole "mau mele kohola" no ka mea, e kuhi ana lākou i nā leo 50 ʻē aʻe, a me nā kaomi ultrasonic, ma o lākou e kamaʻilio pū ai me kekahi. ʻO ka hiki mai i ka "paʻakai keʻokeʻo" e hana i nā leo kani nui a ua hele ka huaʻōlelo Lūkini e "roaring beluga" hele.
Beluga pākele a dolphin?
Oe ke ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia noho moana. Akā ke kū nei ka nīnau inā he pālea beluga a he dolphin paha. Kapa ʻia nā kānaka he polimin a keʻokeʻo paha. Ua kū kēia inoa ma muli o ka helehelena a me ka noho o ka holoholona. Akā ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, pili ʻo beluga i ke ʻano o nā kohola, a hiki ke kapa ʻia ka dolphin i kona hoahānau. Ua kuee nā ʻaoʻao o ke ʻano o ke kūpuna i nā miliona mau makahiki i hala. No laila, ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aʻe ka ʻōlelo ʻana he kohola beluga, ʻaʻole he dolphin.