ʻO ka Humpback Whale he ʻelele ia o ka ʻohana Minke Whale. Noho kēia mammal ma nā kai o ke Kaiʻāina Hema. Ua loaʻa i kona inoa no ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau - ke kau ʻana ka humpback, ulu nui kāna i ke kua. Hāpai kēia mamal i ka wai i loko o ka wai o ka Moana Hema, a i ka hoʻoilo e ʻauʻau i ka ʻākau a noho i nā wai ʻona a me nā subtropika.

ʻO keʻano

He ʻokoʻa nā kaʻe ʻapo a nā uapo ākea i ka ʻano like ʻole a me ke kino ke kino, ke ʻano o ka dorsal fin, ka nui o nā pectoral fins, "warts" nui ma ka moʻo a a ma nā kihi o nā hāpala pectoral, a me kahi aniani o ka hope caudal. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o ke kohola humpback a mākā, i ka ʻaoʻao mahele, ua hoʻonui ʻia, i ke kua hope o ka ʻāʻī a pulu ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Ua pālohelohe ke poʻo, me kahi hiahi e puni ana i ka hope, i loko o nā pākeke he 3.2-3.5 mau manawa iki ka ʻoi aʻe o ke kino. Ke hoʻomanawanui nei nā wāwae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka 10-30 cm. ʻO nā ʻōpū lōʻihi ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū he nui, akā ʻaʻole nui. E like me ke kānāwai, aia mai 14 a 22 mau pua. He polū nā punawai o ka humpback, i kekahi manawa i ke ʻano o ka leka V, a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā ʻikepili ma ka nui loa o nā humpbacks ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Ka mea, ʻo ka wahine nui loa (inā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia pololei) ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka 17.4 m, a me nā kāne - 16 m, akā ke ākea nei kēlā me kēia 15-15.5 m lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā kohola hippback ākea ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Eia naʻe, pili wale nō kēia i ka ʻĀina Atlantika-ʻAmelika o ka Antarctic, a laila ʻae nā wahine i ka moemoe ʻana o ka wahine i ka lōʻihi o 12.4-12.5 m, akā ʻaʻole ia ma ka māhele o Australia-Pacific, kahi e puka ai ka wā puberty ma 11.6-12.2 m. 4-5 m.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā wahine ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wahine. He ʻelima ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻopili ka kino, me ka convex i hope, a me ke aniani a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka laka caudal i ka ʻaoʻao pili i ka hope o ka hope. Me nā makahiki, hoʻonui pinepine ke poʻo, a kahe ka ʻāpana o ka huelo.

He nui loa ka nui o nā pectoral (1/3 -1/4 o ka loa o ke kino), me kahi kaula tuberous hiki ʻole. ʻO nā kāpaʻa ma ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wā he 2-3 a ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o ka finwale, liʻiliʻi (mai 17 a 36, ​​a ʻo 25-30 mau kīʻaha). ʻO ka fin dorsal ma ke ʻano o kahi hump, he mānoanoa, he haʻahaʻa, he piʻo nā pihi kime, pinepine me kahi kīkī, e kū mua ana ka mua i ka aslope, me kahi nāwaliwali puʻupuʻu. Ma ke poʻo he 3-5 mau lālani kaua nui - cones me kahi lauoho hoʻokahi ma luna o lākou. Ma waena o nā lālani hema a me ka hema o nā ʻōpū he ākea he keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha i ka lewa ākea ʻelua me nā kahe lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ke poʻo o nā pākeke ka maʻamau ʻo 3.2-3.5 mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻEleʻele ka pale dorsal a me nā ʻaoʻao, i kekahi manawa me ka paona ʻono. ʻEleʻele ka umauma a me ka fectoral pectoral ma luna, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole (nānā ʻole) keʻokeʻo. Pāpaʻi nā ʻeleʻele ma luna, ma lalo iho nei, mālamā a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. ʻŌkeke ka ʻeke ʻana.

ʻO ke kohola humpback kekahi o ka ikaika loa i waena o nā kohola nui, ʻike kaulana ʻia no nā hiʻona o ka lele ʻana mai loko mai o ka wai, kona ʻikuʻu a me nā kīʻaha ona. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kohola ʻike maʻalahi loa.

Ka huhū nui ke poʻo, noho nui a noho ʻia 28.2-30.9% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. I nā pilikia lohi, ua ikaika paʻa i ka mokulele sagittal. Hoʻopili nui ka hapa (ka hapa o ka aniani) i ka rostral ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ʻekolu a ʻelima mau lālani: ʻo ka waena (5-8 cones) a hoʻokahi i ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻaoʻao (5-15 cones ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a hema mai ka lālani waena). Ma kēlā me kēia pāpale haʻahaʻa 10-15 cones. Ma nā cones e ulu a hoʻokahi lauoho i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka lehele haʻahaʻa ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka 1.0-1.9% o ka lōʻihi zoological i mua o nā kaʻe o luna. Ma nā symphysis mandibular, kahi nui (a hiki i ka 30 cm i ke anawaena) he ulu i ka ʻano. ʻO ka palate kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia ma waena o nā lālani aku o ka manu a he ākea a haʻahaʻa, me nā ʻāpana he lua lōʻihi i ka mua.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha a me ka lele

ʻO Gorbach kahi holoholona kosmopolitan i loaʻa ma loko o nā kai a me kekahi hapa ma ke kai e pili ana i ka moana mai nā wahi mokupuni a hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, koe wale nō nā ʻāpana hau o ka Arctic a me Antarctic. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ka moana Arctic ma luna o 65 ° C. sh., aia i loko o nā wai polar no ka Lūkini Rūsia mai ke Kai Kara a hiki i ke kai Siberian East. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā koholā Humpback e komo i loko o ke kaiʻula a me ka loko o Baltic a hiki i ke Kaiʻula o Finlandia. Ma ke kānāwai, loaʻa ia i nā wai kahakai a me nā wai pu, nā mea i komo i loko o nā wahi hohonu a ke kai i ka wā e hele ai. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻukepili i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hema, e pili ana i ka papa pāpaku.

Ka neʻe ʻana nā ʻano hohol o nā kohola manuahi, i ka mea i loaʻa i ka meaʻai, a me ke ʻano me ka wā e loli nei, ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke kauwela wela o ka makahiki i ka hānai ʻana i nā wahi i loko o ka wai wela a me ka hoʻoilo, a ka hoʻoilo no ka moʻa a me ka hānau ʻana, e neʻe ana i nā wai subtropical a me nā wai, me nā mokupuni a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana kahawai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e pili ana ka humpback whales i nā wahi a pau i ka wai o ka wai wela o 21.1–28.3 ° C, me kahi o ko lākou kikoʻī. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa no ke kānāwai ākea kahi noho kūʻokoʻa o ke kai o Arabian, ka mea e kū mau ana i ka makahiki i loko o nā wai kai. Lawe pinepine ka hekili i nā mahina 1-2 mau, kahi wikiwiki i neʻe ʻia ka wikiwiki (mai ka ʻaoʻao hema ma Alaska) i 39 mau lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka kohola humpback a hiki i 8000 km, ka mea e lilo ai i hoʻokahi o nā mamratory e pili ana.

Hele nā ​​kau makahiki kau i kekahi manawa i ka ʻoihana: nā māla hānai mua i ka hopena o ka hopena i ka wā lulu e waiho ana i nā wahine lactating me nā cubs, e neʻe lohi nei. ʻO nā holoholona'ōpiopio liʻiliʻi, nā kāne pākeke, nā wahine hāpai ʻole a ma hope loa, ʻo ka wahine hāpai i ka ʻimi ma hope o lākou. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, e piʻi ka neʻe i ka ʻoka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka noiʻi 1995 ma kahakai o East Australia e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i holo nā holoholona āpau i kēlā me kēia makahiki - noho mau kekahi mau wahine i nā wahi hānai i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO nā pua nui nui o nā kohola humpback ua ʻili ʻia ʻia i nā kānaka liʻiliʻi loa. No laila, ma ke kahakai komohana o North Atlantic, 4-5 subpopulations e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻai ma ke Kaiāwahine o Maine, i ke Kaiʻāina ʻo St. Lawrence, kokoke i Newfoundland a me Labrador, i loko o nā wai o Greenland a me nā wai o Iceland, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i nā wahi hoʻoilo.

Ma nā wai o Rūsia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kohola humpback i nā Barents, Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk a me nā kai o Iapana. Ma kekahi manawa, ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kai Baltic. I kēia manawa, ma ke Kai Chukchi, ʻo Anadyr Bay, i ke kahakai o Kamchatka a me ke kuahiwi Kuril, ua lilo loa ia i mea ʻole loa, a ma ka moana Barents ua pau nā mea ia.

ʻAno lawehala

Paʻi ka hānai ʻili he nui i nā kīhāpai, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā neʻe i ka momona ua hoʻohana lākou i nā mālama o nā momona. I kēia manawa hana, nalowale loa lākou i ka nui, e kahe ana i ka 1/3 o kā lākou māla. Nui nā ʻano crustaceans a me nā iʻa kula kula liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa cephalopods e hana i kaʻai nui no ka humpbacks. Hoʻohana ka humpbacks i nā wai kai, a inā i lawe ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka krill i ka meaʻai.

Ma ka ʻākau o nā kohola humpback, ulu nā iʻa i ka 95% o ka nui o kaʻai. Eia ka heri, mackerel, sardines, iwakālua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka ʻōpū o ka puʻu ke hoʻopiha i nā hapalua o nā mea ʻai.

He ʻano kūpono ke ʻano ʻo ka pālele humpback o ka ʻano like ʻole e hānai ʻia ai ke kohola. He mea nui kekahi mau kohola e hana ai i ka hānai.

Aia kekahi koholā, e lana ana i ka ʻohana iʻa a i ʻole plankton me kona waha e hāmama ana, e ʻai ana i ka meaʻai me ka wai, a laila hoʻomoʻi ʻia ia ma o kāna ʻano hana. A i ʻole nā ​​koholā i hoʻokahi mea e huki ai i ka iʻa mai kahi o kāna hāhai, eʻauʻau ana i ka pōʻai nui a puni ke kula o ka iʻa.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā kohola i nā kula, hoʻopuni lākou i ke kula o ka iʻa a me ka uʻapo kīlei a puni, i ʻole e hiki ʻole ai i ka iʻa ke pakele. A laila huki ʻia nā koholā i hoʻokahi ma lalo o ke kula a, me ko lāua mau ʻōpio, e hāmama i ka iʻa.

ʻO kekahi mau manawa ke kahawai ʻo ka kohola ma lalo o kahi kula o ka iʻa a me ka ea hoʻōla e hoʻopuni ana i ke kula me nā ʻōluna ea. Hoʻopau kēia mau ʻōlima i ka iʻa a me ka uhi ʻana i ke kohola, ka mea e piʻi ana i luna, a keu aku i ka mea pio mai lalo mai.

I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā kohola, ke hoʻopili ʻana i kā lākou mau hana, kokoke pau loa i ʻai i ka ʻohana nui o sardines. ʻO kā lākou huluhulu huakaʻi he kumu hoʻohālike o kekahi o nā hana e hana paʻakikī ai i waena o nā momi moana.

Pā pinepine ka humpback ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai me kāna mau pua lōʻihi a me kāna ʻoi, nā wīwī, ʻōwili ma kona kua, pohō aku i kona muzzle. I kekahi manawa ke lele nui ka humpback mai ka wai i luna a kūlou paha. Ua manaʻo ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ma kēia ala ke lele ai ka kohola i nā parasites e noho ana ma kona kino. He humpbacks, ka hapanui o ia mau kohola minke, ua nui ʻia me ka crustaceans, lice, ducks sea a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻoliva odontobius i kanu ʻia i loko o kāna mau uapo.

ʻOiai ke ʻike nei i ke ʻano o ka humpback o ka humpback, ua paʻakikī ia e ʻōlelo pololei i nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻano i ka: pono a ʻoliʻoli paha. I kekahi manawa e lele kokoke ana i nā humpback me kahi moku e holo ana, e pāʻani kokoke ana ma kona ʻaoʻao, e ukali ana i ka moku i nā manawa lōʻihi. E like me nā kohola ʻē aʻe, hīmeni nā mele. ʻO kēia mau mele a kani i ka hapalua hola, a i kekahi manawa ke hana nei lākou e ka kohola hoʻokahi, akā e kekahi poʻe mele. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻike i ke kumu maoli o nā mele lele, ua like kēlā me ke mele o ka humpback i pili i ka wā hana, i ka manawa e kono ʻia ai nā kāne i nā wahine iā lākou iho.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka ʻōpū ma ka wahine hele i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hāʻule ai ka hemipopaha hema ma Iune-ʻAukake. ʻOiai hūnā ka wahine i ka malama o Kepakemapa a me Nowemapa, akā hiki pinepine ʻia kēia hana. ʻO 11 mau ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Ua hānau ʻia hoʻokahi pahu, nona ka paona he 1 ton, a ʻo ke lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 4 mika. Hānau nā wahine i ka hua me ka waiū no 10 mau mahina. E ka pau ʻana o ka waiū hānai, ua pāpaʻa ka ʻili a 8 mau mile a he ʻōpala a hiki i ka 9 mau lōʻihi. Aia ka hua me ka wahine no 18 mau mahina, a laila waiho ka cub i kāna wahine a lilo hou ka wahine. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka humpback wahine i mau manawa 2 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia mau momi wahine i lilo i ka moekolohe i ka 5 makahiki. Noho ke kohola Humpback he 40-45 mau makahiki.

Kanikau

ʻO kēia mau holoholona nui he mea ʻole ka ʻenemi, ʻo nā kohola luku wale nō a he nui nā kānaka, a he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka ma mua o kahi kai hoʻoilo. I nā kenekulia ʻelua mau makahiki i hala, ua luku nui ka poʻe i kēia mau holoholona. Ua kākau inoa ʻia ka koholā humpback ma ka International Red Book a mālama ʻia e ke kānāwai. ʻO ka heluna kanaka i kēia lā e helu ana he 20 tausani kanaka.

Whalebone

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia laina o ka whalebone mai 270 a 400 mau papa ʻeleʻele me ka ʻulaʻula maloʻo (ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio ka ʻulaʻula) me ka keke (nā manawa maʻamau nā papa ma ke alo o ka lālani ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao opener). ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā papa i ka 1 m, maʻa pinepine ʻaʻole ma mua o 85 cm. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ulu nā papa ma ka 8-1 cm. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā ʻōwili ma waena o kā lākou lōʻihi, ʻo 0.47–0.82 mm, ma ka awelika, 0.62 mm, a ma kā lākou kumu 0.6 -1.0 mm. Ke 1 cm ka lōʻihi ma ke kihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā, he 42-50 fringes.

Nā lawaiʻa

ʻO nā humpbacks - mau kohina lahilahi haʻahaʻa a kokoke i ke kahakai - ua hoʻopau loa ʻia. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻohi ʻia lākou i nā wahi o South Georgia, ʻo ka South Shetland Islands, South Africa (Natal, Angola), Congo, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, a me ke komohana o ka ʻĀpana Hema. He kāne kaupaona 12,8 m ka lōʻihi, ua kau ʻia ma ka Aleut, kaupaona 27,714 kg, a (i ka kg): momona kūhāai 2847, peritoneum 3734, ʻolelo 792, ka ʻona 5788, vertebrae 2669, kaupaʻa ka lepo 2247, ʻokiʻoki 11010, ka iwi me ka musculature 3718, nā ʻehā pectoral 1016, nā ʻōpū poʻohiwi 578, nā kīʻaha caudal 455, puʻuwai 125, ʻona 327, pūpū 362, ʻōpū 105, ka momona o nā wahi 443 a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o 1405 kg.

Ma hope o ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomaka ka helu o nā kohola humpback, no laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana o nā ʻano i ka ʻula a ka IUCN Red List mai Endangered (spesies i ka makaʻu ʻia) a hiki i Vulnerable (species species) i 1990. ʻO nā kolikona me nā moku a me nā kani ʻana o ke kai e hoʻopilikia nui loa ana i nā koholā he nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e pili koʻikoʻi i ko lākou waiwai. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻike maka humpback, ʻaʻole loaʻa ka mana echolocation, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻimi i ka ʻupena lawaiʻa a make pinepine lākou, i loko o ia mau mea. He pilikia koʻikoʻi kēia ma ka wai o Newfoundland-Labrador a me ka Isle of Man, kahi o nā humpbacks e hōʻea a me ka 90% o nā lawaia lawaiʻa. Ma waena o Nowemapa 1987 a me Ianuali 1988, make nā 14 humpback ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mackerel Atlantik i loaʻa iā ka saxitoxin. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā kumu moʻomeheu humpback o nā koholā e ʻike ʻia e nā mea e like me ke kahe ʻana o nā moku moana a me nā waʻa a me ka nui o nā waʻa turihi, ʻoiai i ka laulā maʻamau, he maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻohālikelike i ka pili o nā kānaka.