He paʻakikī loa e ʻike aku i kēia mau artiodactyls, me ka hūnā iā lākou iho i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He mea hanohano, mālama, akā hanohano, akā nani. He holoholona ikaika loa ka holoholona (ka ʻohana deer i pili ai ia). Makau nā poʻe Predator i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka deer. Hiki i kēia ʻāpana ke hakakā me ka bea.

Hoʻaiho

He holoholona maʻamau ʻo Maral me ka nui nui. Akā i kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Buke Red. ʻO ke kumu no ka hakakā ʻana o nā artiodactyls ʻo ia nā pepeiaohao koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO ka noho kahi o ka kahe kai hele mai Transbaikalia a hiki i Turkestan. Loaʻa nā holoholona i Altai a me Siberia hema, e noho ana i nā nāhele lāʻau Mongol. He holoholona ko Maral kona holoholona noho ʻana. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka luna i lalo i nā wahi.

No ka meaʻai, hele lākou i ka ʻaoʻao hema. Ma laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hau ma ka maʻalahi ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka palaoa e loaʻa i ka meaʻai. Me ke kokoke o ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makemake o nā kaʻe hema, ʻoiai ua puka mua nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua. A hiki i ka pūnāwai, mālama ka hānai i nā pipi, a laila hāʻule i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. I ke kauwela, hele nā ​​kākela i nā mauna ma muli o nā hana hōʻeuʻeu. I ka wā e hāʻule ai, nalowale nā ​​meaʻinoʻino, a hoʻi hou ka artiodactyls i ka taiga.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka maral

Maral - he holoholona nui loa, ʻoi aku paha mai 300 a 350 kilograma. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka umauma i hoʻōla ʻia i ka hope o 2 m m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu ma luna o 2 m, ʻoi ka lili mai 12-19 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ko lākou kino e piʻi i ka 1,3 m.

ʻO ka huluhulu o ka deer he brownish-hina, a ma hope o ka molten a lilo i ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa nā cubes Deer. Ma lalo o nā kāʻei o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi aia kahi wahi nui keʻokeʻo, e nalo me ka ulu ʻana.

ʻO kā ka mea waiwai o nā kāʻei o ko lākou mau ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, he kāne wale nō me lākou. Hoʻomaka ka ulu me ka ulu i ka pūnāwai a hāʻule i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Ma ko lākou wahi, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kani hou. Ke ulu ulu nei lākou, e hoʻohui i ka 2 mau kenimika ma kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pū i ka 1,2 mika.

I ka wā mua, palupalu nā mea helehelena, uhi ʻia me ka ʻili velvety wale. I ka wā ulu, ulu lohi lākou a paʻakikī. ʻO ka paona o nā antires e hōʻea i 14 kg. ʻAʻole hōʻeha nā pepeiaohiwi i nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka wā o ka moena a i ʻole nā ​​mea wānana. Inā inā e ulu nā mea kuikani, ʻaʻohe lālā, a laila me ka hopena i hiki iā lākou ke pana i ka ʻenemi a make. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola i ke kanaka a hiki i 25 mau makahiki, ma ka waoʻa - mai 12 a 14.

Kāleka

Ua hoʻokaʻawale kēia ʻano holoholona i kona ʻano iho i ka makahiki 1873. Eia naʻe, ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1961, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i kekahi o nā kōpepa o ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. Aia kēia ʻano he ʻekolu hui: Central Asian, Western a me Siberian. ʻO ka mea hope, kapa ʻia ka maral, e komo pū me ka maral.

He ʻano hanohano ko ka holoholona hihiu. I waena o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e hoʻomohala i ka ʻanoʻano, ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa. Ua hiki i kona nui a 305 kg, loaʻa i nā kāne he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 261 cm, ulu ke ulu ʻana i ka malo i 168. Horn ulu i 108 centimeter. ʻO ka wahine aia ma kahi o 20% liʻiliʻi ʻia ma mua o nā kāne. I ke kauwela, he ulaula ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ke kino o ke kaiāulu a he kala kala paha. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻōla ʻia nā holoholona ma nā kala brown-brown, keʻulaʻula ka aniani, nui, ʻāpana ke hele mai i ka croup a hoʻopuni ʻia e ke kaula ʻeleʻele. He nui nā lālā o nā pua - ma kahi o nā kaʻina 5 ma kēlā me kēia pā, me ka infraorbital.

Kahi o ka noho

He holoholona ʻo Maral ka Red Book. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e kōkua kēia mea pili i ka pakele o nā manu. No laila, i kēia lā, noho ka poʻe ʻōiwi ma kahi palena iki - ʻo Altai, Kyrgyzstan, Tien Shan, Krasnoyarsk Territory a me Aotearoa. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau mahiʻai deer i loaʻa iā lākou i ka pale, hoʻoulu, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia nō hoʻi kēia mau holoholona hoʻonani.

Ke noho maʻamau

He holoholona mālama manu ʻo Maral. Kuku nā kauoha o kēia mau artiodactyls a loaʻa i nā wahine me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Hoʻākoakoa nā males i nā ʻokoʻa ʻelua, wāwahi i ka wā hana. E lilo ka maral i alakaʻi i nā makahiki 5 a 8 paha. ʻAʻohe kāne kahiko a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.

I ka manawa pinepine, no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ua ʻaʻe ʻia ka makika ma luna o nā kahawai kuahiwi. Ke maʻalahi nei ka poʻe hana a me nā pilikia'ē aʻe. ʻAʻole makemake nā Marals i ka wela a me ka lā wela. Mai ke kihi kona alo aku lākou e hilinaʻi ai i nā lāʻau lāʻau a i lalo o ka peʻe lāʻau. Haele pinepine nā Deer mai ka wela a me ka wai.

He mau makaʻala a me nā holoholona makaʻu ke kanaka ʻulaʻula. He aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā lākou ma kahi palaki a i ʻole ka helehelena i mua o ke alo. ʻO Maral, he lōʻihi i mua o ke hālāwai, haki i kahi kanaka a hūnā hou. ʻO kēia ke kumumanaʻo ke mālama pono i ke kākela i hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki he mau makahiki. ʻO kēlā ʻano pane e kōkua i ka pale i ka pōʻino e haʻi ʻia e nā kānaka.

Akā ʻaʻole makaʻu ka maral e i ka poʻe hoʻopuka a hele pinepine mai i ka pili pū me lākou. ʻO ka mea kaua nui o ka deer nā mākela ikaika. ʻAʻole makaʻu wale ka pōpoki nui a me nā ʻīlio hae iā lākou, akā, ʻo nā bears. No laila, ʻo ka mea hoʻopiʻi e hoʻopiʻi i nā kāʻei wale i nā hihia koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hapanui he ʻimi lākou no nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, maʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​mākaʻikaʻi.

Hiki i nā wolves ke hoʻopalulu wale i nā kaona ma nā hau hau a i ʻole a i ka hau haki a nī wale me ka ʻohana hoʻokahi, no laila e hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻouna i ka ʻeleʻale ma laila i ka wā o ka alualu. ʻO ka pilikia nui loa i nā ʻōpio artiodactyls ʻo ia ka wolverine. Hoʻopele maʻalahi ʻo ia me ke kaʻe liʻiliʻi, akā hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pale i nā mea i kau ʻia.

Meaʻai ʻai

He holoholona nā holoholona ʻo Maral. Makemake nui nā poʻe i nā cereals. ʻAi pinepine i ka ʻili mai nā lāʻau, nā mea kanu a me nā pono. Mai poina i ka manawa kūpono e leʻaleʻa i nā acorns, nā nati, nā huawa a me nā ʻalū. Nui ke aloha ʻeleʻula paʻakai i ka lick a i ʻole gnaw. Makemake lākou i ka wai mauna mau a inu paha mai nā puna wai.

Hōʻalua makahiki

He holoholona ʻo Maral kahi o kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka wā moe, he mea hoihoi loa ia. I kēia manawa, lilo nui ka kaila i nā mea hoʻokūkū. Ma waena o ka maral aia mau ka hakakā mau no ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine. ʻO ka pinepine, ka hopena o nā hakakā ma nā hōʻeha. Loaʻa nā mea lanakila i ka hui o ka wahine wahine 3-5.

Loaʻa ka hiki i ka hoa kāne i ka helu kāne ma ke ʻano he makahiki hoʻokahi, a ua kokoke ka makua i ka palena o ka makahiki 5. Hānau ʻia nā wahine ma hope o ʻekolu makahiki o kona mau makahiki. E kokoke ana i ka hāʻule, ʻo ka deer hoʻomaka e ʻimi i nā hui o nā wahine. Hoʻolohe nā kāne i kā lākou nānā i nā hōʻailona me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, huki a nui a kani nui. Hāpai ʻia kēia mau kani i kahi mau kilomita a puni.

I ka wā moe, aia ka māka i kahi kūlana hoihoi a he pōʻino loa ia no nā hoae wale nō, akā no ka ʻenemi nō hoʻi. Hāʻawi maʻalahi nā makana i nā lāʻau ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu i nā pu. Kahi ʻāina, haehae i ka ʻāina. Holo ka ʻōniu ʻulaʻula i ka wā hana, kahi mau mahina, i kēlā me kēia manawa o ke ao, me ia i ka pō.

Loaʻa i nā wahine nā kuleana i koho ai. Ke noho nei lākou me ka kāne ikaika me nā pū nui. ʻO ka make ma ka leʻalā wahine hoʻohālike i ka "harem" mai ka hoʻopuni ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻē aʻe. Akā inā hoʻoholo ka wahine i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alakaʻi, a laila ʻaʻole kā "kā lākou kāne" ke hoʻopilikia me kēia. I ka manawa pā, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iki ka ʻelele i ka wai, akā inu lākou i ka wai nui.

I ka wā hakakā no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahine, lawe ka hoki i kekahi i ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. I kekahi manawa pili a hoʻopili ʻia nā pūlima a lilo ʻole ko lāua kaʻawale i ka hiki. I kēia hihia, make nā kāne ʻelua. Kūpono ʻia kēlā mau hala e ka hopena o ka ʻāʻī, a hiki i ka wā moe e hiki mai ana. He holoholona ka wahine ʻo Maral i hoʻokahi makahiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma hope o kēlā, mālama wale lākou i ko lākou ʻohana.

Lāhea

Hānau ʻia ka huaʻaole i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ma hope o ka moe ʻana. Ke mālie nui nā wahine i loko o kēia manawa. Hōʻike lākou i ka huhū wale nō e pale i nā cubs a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuke aku i nā poʻe e like me nā ʻīlio a me nā līlio, ka poʻe e holo i nā makuahine huhū. ʻO ka manawa hapai o ka maral mai 240 a 260 lā.

ʻO ka maʻa mau wale nō ka hānau hānau ʻana hoʻokahi. I nā hihia maʻamau, ʻelua o lākou. Hanau nā manona hānau ma kahi o 15 kilokilā. Hānau ʻia ka ʻōmaʻa pēpē i ka waiū hānai no nā mahina ʻelua. ʻO nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua nāwaliwali loa nā keiki a kīnā ʻole.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou i ka manawa hana lā. ʻO ke koena a pau, ka noe i noho i nā lau nahele a i ʻole ka nui a ka pulupulu, ke hoʻomau nei kā lākou iho i nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kūlohelohe maoli e hūnā iā lākou i kēia. He mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i kahi ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ʻoiai inā kū ʻoe ma kahi mamao i kahi mamao loa.

Ke lurking, hiki iā lākou ke kali i ka makuahine no nā lā. Holo wale i ka pilikia hoʻomaka wale i nā mahina ʻeono. Ke hoʻololi nei nā mea i ka meaʻai maʻamau ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki, akā ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ka makuahine no hoʻokahi makahiki, me ka like pū me ia i ka bipi like.

Loaʻa i ka makana no nā mea hopu

He holoholona ʻo Maral no ka Red Book no ka hoʻoweliweli mau ʻana o ka hoʻopau piha ʻana. ʻAʻole mau mea nānā i ka ʻimi a pepehi a make i kēia mau manu e pili ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā artiodactyls. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he mea nui iā lākou. He helu ʻāina ʻo Marals no nā poʻe ʻimi no kekahi mau kumu.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau ʻāpana a hōʻoluʻolu loa, nā meaʻaiʻai. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nō nā maʻi hōʻola. ʻAʻohe aneane momona i ka ʻiʻo maral, ʻo kona waiwai ʻokoʻa ka 155 kcal / 100 g. Loaʻa a Venison he nui nā huaora a me nā minerala (hao, magnesium, etc.).

ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā ʻiʻo o kēia mau puʻu i ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka taba a me ka waiʻona ma ke kino. ʻAʻohe mau kānaka i ka ʻona a loaʻa ʻole ke kanesa.

ʻO ke kumuwaiwai hou aʻe o ke kanaka ko lākou koko. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou e hoʻohana i kāna mau lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā wā kahiko. Ua kapa ʻia ke koko Maral ka "elixir o ke ola." Kōkua ia i ka mālama i ka wā ʻōpiopio, kākoʻo i ke kino i ke ʻano maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻola i nā maʻi hopohopo. Hoʻohana ʻia ke koko maral e hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau maka no nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā puʻeleʻa deer (antlers). A ʻo kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe no ka hune manu. Ma kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, e hōʻokiʻoki wale ʻia nā pepeiaohao, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kāʻei. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa, ua pepehi ʻia ka holoholona. Hōʻalo nā ʻona maoli iā lākou i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo.

Hoʻoulu koke hou nā lika hou, a hoʻohui i ka 2.5 sentimita i kēlā me kēia lā. Akā ʻo ka mea maoli aia wale nō nā mea aloha ʻōpio i ke koko, e lilo ia i kumu nui no ka hopu ʻana. Kuhi ʻia nā pū ʻehā no ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani a me nā meaʻala.

ʻOki ʻokiʻoki

He holoholona ʻo Maral (aia kekahi kiʻi ma laila ma kēia ʻatikala), ka mea i mahalo ʻia no kona mau pepeia nani. Ma muli o kēia hana i kūkulu ʻia nā pāʻai kūikawā no ka mahi kanalima. He pākīkī nā Antlers i loko o ke ʻano e hōʻiliʻili ai ke koko. No nā pono lapaʻau, pono nā mea pīpī o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.

Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā Antlers i ka mahina o Iune. No nā helu kala, ʻaʻole palupalu kēia kaʻina hana. A hiki i ka makahiki 2, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kani ʻelima i ke paona o 9 kilamu. Mai hoʻokahi maral ua hōʻoki ʻia mai ka 12 a 15 mau paila o nā popo.

Nā māla male i nā mea kanu

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo Siberian maral, kahi holoholona o ka Altai Territory, i loaʻa i nā mea hānai lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia mau wahi he maalea kūlohelohe mau wahi a kahi mamao loa mai nā wahi hana. Ua kūpono kūpono nā kūlana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina ʻo Altai: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o luna o ke kai i kūpono no ka hele ʻana i ke kāʻei a me kahi meaʻai maikaʻi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mahiʻai kūikawā no ka deer puaʻa. He mau haneli he mau haneli. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā helu ma nā peni, akā ma nā wahi pā hale ākea. ʻO kēia mau ʻāina nui i nā pā kūpono ma nā palena. Noho ka Maralike, e like me ka hihiu, ma nā hui liʻiliʻi.

Deer that not the shoots on the horn shoot back back, because the artiodactyls not not cripple but kill many rivals, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o ka maral Altai

He holoholona weliweli ʻo Altai maral. I nā mauna mauna o Altai aia nā kāula nani - Altai kiʻa. ʻO kēia mau holoholona nui loa, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kāne ke hiki iā 350 kg, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo ka 160 cm.

Akā me ko lākou nui, hiki i kēia mau mea ke neʻe ma nā wahi ākea me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i ka lokomaikaʻi nui ʻia a me ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā ʻano mauna.

He kūlohelohe ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia kāʻei. ʻO ka lei nani loa o ke kāne (e like me kou ʻike ma ka nānā ʻana kiʻi ʻo Altai maral) kona kupaianaha kupanaha, nā pepeiaohao e hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā me kēia manawa i kēlā me kēia koʻokoʻo e ʻelima a ʻelima paha mau ʻano, akā kēlā me kēia pūnāwai e ulu hou ana i hope, e loaʻa ana i nā haʻahaʻa hoihoi a hiki i 108 cm.

ʻAʻole ʻāpono ʻia nā wahine i kēlā waiwai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka waho ke maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka nui. Kūlike ka ʻāpana o kēia mau holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

I nā mahina kauwela he brownish-brown a ʻulaʻula paha, a i ka hoʻoilo kekele ke kala i hoʻohui ʻia i kēia gamut. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka kāʻei i ke aniani ka ʻōuli uliuli, nā aniani ʻoniʻoni, kahi pae ma ka croup.

I ka ʻāpana Altai o kā maral ka mea maʻamau loa. Ua hoʻomāhele ʻia kā lākou pae ma ke kula o ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnoyarsk, a hiki i Tien Shan a me Kyrgyzstan, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou i nā ʻāina ulu palulu a me ka puʻu e uhi ana i nā wahi kuahiwi. Noho ka ʻelele manuahi ma Hawaiʻi nei.

Nā ʻano he ʻāpana

ʻO ia nā holoholona Book Red. I ka manawa hoʻokahi o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻelele Altai i ʻoi aku ka nui. Eia nō naʻe, no nā kumu he nui, ʻo ia mau mea kupanaha e lūlū iki nei, akā hiki ʻole, make ka make, a ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kahi ʻano o kēia mau kūlana. No ka hoʻoulu a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau kiele, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mahiʻai deer.

ʻO ka ʻikepili mua e pili ana i ia ʻano kūlike kūikawā o ka manu o ka honua i loaʻa i ka makahiki XVIII mai nā hana a Pallas. Ke noiʻi nei nā mea noiʻi i nā mea ola e like me ka mea i loaʻa i ka moʻo 30s o ke kenekulia hope i nā limahana o ka Pūʻai a Altai.

Altai maral Ua pena ʻia he ʻano kūʻokoʻa ia i ka makahiki 1873, akā hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope mai ua helu wale ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona i ka hapa o nā kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula: ʻo Siberian kahi hui, i manaʻo ʻia i kihi ʻia o ke kanaka. Hoʻohui aku iā ia, aia he mau pūʻulu Komohana a me Central Asia.

Hoʻaiho

Kolo ʻia ka ʻelele ʻula ma ka māhele mai ʻAsia a i Altai. Noho lākou i nā mauna kuahiwi o Siberia, Transbaikalia, Mongolia. ʻIke ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hikina, ʻaʻole i mamao loa ma ke kalepona o Kaleponi a me Arizona ka hema. Ma kahi e noho ai, makemake lākou e noho i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.

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Kauʻai

Nui nā ʻōiwi like ʻole i ka mea ʻai kai mea kanu. He ʻokoʻa loa ka meaʻai Maral ponoʻī a nānā ʻia ke loli ma o ka manawa.

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I ka hoʻoilo, hana i ka māla i kā lākou ʻai mai nā lau maloʻo o ka mauʻu, nā lālā kuʻu o ka mauna, ʻālaʻi lāʻau, nā haki, nā meli a me nā pua a me nā lewa. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa kauwela, e hoʻololi lākou i kā lākou ʻai i ka mauʻu uliuli hou. Mai ka waenakonu o ʻApelila, makemake lākou e ʻai i ka ʻōpala a me nā lālā o ka willow, ash ash a me nā meaʻala he nui. Aia a hiki i ka Mei, ʻai nā ʻāpana palā i kālai ʻia.

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I ke kauwela no ka maral, nā meaʻai kanu nā meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā ʻano mea kanu, mai ka wao palupalu, wormwood, sedge, plantain, e ulu ai i nā hips, sorrel a me nā currants. ʻAno pinepine ka maral i nā hua o nā lāʻau kumulāʻau.

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ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

Ua ʻimi ʻia kēlā mau holoholona mai ka manawa ma mua. Ka momona a momona ʻO nā lau Altaime ka ʻili maikaʻi hoʻi.Akā ʻaʻole kēia e pau i laila, no ka mea, ua hōʻike ka kaila i nā mea kupaianaha a me nā mea kūlohelohe. ʻO ke koko o Altai maral Ua hoʻohana kahiko ʻia ʻo ia e ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau, a e waiwai mau ana i ka honua a puni a ʻaʻohe ona analog.

ʻAʻole i lawelawe wale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o kēia mau mea i like me ke ʻano no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻike, akā ua hoʻohuli ʻia hoʻi i mau mea kūʻai, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole naʻe e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ke kūpaʻa, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā ʻole. ʻO kēia kūlana o ke aupuni he kanalua ke kumu nui no ka luku piha ʻana i nā holoholona.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka hopena o ka nera ma ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, a i kekahi manawa i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka make o ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili i nā poaching, ua hoʻopiʻi hou nā kumu kūlohelohe i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana: ʻo ke anuanu a me ka nele o ka meaʻai kūpono.

ʻSleloʻā nā pepeiaohao o Altai maral hoʻohanaʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani, nā mea waiwai a me nā meaʻala. Akā ma kahi hiʻohiʻona like o ka hiʻohiʻona o waho, ka mea e lawelawe ai ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻolaʻa, akā hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona i mea o ka hakakā a me ka pale ʻana, i loaʻa i nā mea waiwai nui no ke kanaka.

ʻO ka pūnāwai no nā huina e lilo i wā ulu o nā ʻōpī. ʻO nā mea ʻōpio non-ossified ʻōpio nā pepeiaohao o Altai marals. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia kumuhana waiwai nui i hoʻohana ʻia e ke kanaka ma nā kīhāpai o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hōʻola o nā antlers i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻike ʻia a mahalo nui ʻia hoʻi i Kina. ʻO ia ke kumu i kūʻai aku ai ka poʻe noho o ke Kaua Honua i kahi huahana kūʻokoʻa no ke kālā nui. ʻO nā kenekulia i hala poʻe hoʻohālikelike o ka maral Altai Hoʻomaka e hoʻohana ʻia ma Rūsia.

Holo ka manu kiu ʻana i ka wā ma hope, a ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā mea mālama i kahi e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau holoholona, ​​he hana kālā maikaʻi ʻole ia. I kēia manawa, hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka male kāne antler reindeer, a ua hoʻopakele maikaʻi ʻia ka waiwai nui loa.

Hoʻomaka ka poʻe hana hōʻoki ʻia i ka maral mai ke ʻelua makahiki. Lā pinepine lākou i ke kaupaona a hiki i ka 10 kg, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o kēlā me nā iwi i ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o nā pepeiaohao o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopili liʻiliʻi nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma mua o ka hopena o kā lākou ulu. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻoki a hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea kuʻuna ma kahi ʻano kūikawā: maloʻo, ʻālapalapa, kēne a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau.

Mea ʻai Altai

Maraleta – holoholonakaʻai ʻana i ka mea kanu kanu wale nō, akā ʻokoʻa kā kāna papaʻai a hilinaʻi i ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ka mahina hoʻoilo, e hānai iā lākou iho, iho lākou i lalo o nā kuahiwi.

Ua pinepine ia hele ana kēia ala paʻakikī a hiki i 100 km. A hele nā ​​holoholona ma waena o nā pilikia he nui, e kahe ana i nā kahawai kuahiwi.

Ua nani lākou. I ke kau anuanu, ʻaʻohe koho o ka ʻiole akā ke ʻoluʻolu me nā acorns a me nā lau, i nā manawa pono ʻole, a ʻai paha i nā lichens.

I kēlā manawa, he nui ko lākou kino e pono ai ka minerala. No ka hoʻopiha i kēia pono, e hoʻihoʻi nā holoholona i ka honua, lick paʻakai i ka solonetzes, a ʻoliʻoli inu i ka wai minima ma ka wai puna.

I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, lilo nā pilikia momona e lākou iho. I kēlā wā o ka makahiki, ua uhi ʻia nā ululāʻau mauna a me nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala ʻōpiopio ʻōpio. A i waena o nā mea kanu i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano nani, he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, ʻulaʻula a me ke gula gula, ka leuzea e hiki ke hōʻola i nā maʻi. A ma hope iki, kū, nā hua, nā huaʻala, nā mea e kū ai i kaʻai o ke kai kūlike a me ka pono.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Maraleta e pili ana i kēia mau mea ola e ola nui ai, nui ka lawa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki i ka hānau ʻana i ka makahiki he mau makahiki o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, akā hānau ʻo ka wahine i ka ʻelee ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o ʻekolu makahiki. Loaʻa i nā kāne kāne ke hiki i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana ma o nā makahiki ʻelima wale nō.

Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kāne ke aʻa wale ma waena o nā kuahiwi. Hoʻopau kā lākou poʻe hoaaloha a me ʻōpio i ko lākou ola i ka hui ʻana i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, aia ka 3 a hiki i nā lālā 6, a ʻo ka mea nui i kēia pūʻulu he wahine akamai.

Hōʻike ka mea maʻamau i kēia mau holoholona i ka hāʻule ʻana o lākou. Ke hele nei ka pōkole i kēia manawa no ka ʻimi i kahi o nā wahi e hānai ai nā wahine, e hoʻowalewale nei i kā lākou nānā me kahi leo nui, haʻahaʻa a lōʻihi hoʻi ke kani ʻana, nā mau kani hoʻi i lawe ʻia no nā mau kilomita he nui.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka maral

I ka manawa moe, ʻaʻole nui nā holoholona i ʻai i ka meaʻai, akā inu nui wau. Hoʻokumu ʻo Fierce no ka pono e haʻalele i ka hua i kēia manawa - ka mea maʻamau ka mea kau. ʻO nā hopena hopena o ka hakakā he mau hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. Akā ma ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena, ua emi nā peni, ke waiho wale nei i kēia makahiki aʻe.

No ke ʻano o nā mamo, hoʻokumu nā bipi i nā ʻohana ulu, he mau mele mea ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, ʻelima mau wahine. ʻO kā lākou mea nona, me ka huakaʻi kupaianaha hoʻi, e pale aku i kā lākou wahine mai ka hoʻopuni ʻana o nā hoaʻāina.

Hiki i nā ʻele ʻele ke loaʻa nā wahi, akā a hiki wale i ka molt mua

Akā hāʻawi nā wahine kūpono i ke kūʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa ke koho. Kēia koho lākou i ke kāne ikaika i nā pū nui. Akā inā makemake lākou e haʻalele i ka nūnū o kahi alakaʻi i loaʻa i ka loaʻa, loaʻa ʻole kekahi, ʻo kā lāua mau kāne mua i ʻimi e ʻimi e hoʻopilikia i kā lākou mau hoaaloha.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Cubs i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela aʻe. I ka wā moe, hoʻomaha ka wahine, a pau ko lākou hanu ʻana e pale i ka hua hānau hou.

Ke holo wāwae nei no ka pale ʻana i ka huahele, hiki i kēia mau holoholona nui a wiwo ʻole ke hakakā me nā kaila koko he nui e like me ka līlio a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, e puka mai ana i nā mea lanakila a hoʻohuli i ka lawehala.

Noho ka noho i loko o ka nahele, ola ke kanaka ola i kahi manawa pōkole loa, ka mea e hala ʻole ma mua o 14 mau makahiki. Akā i loko o nā mahiʻai holoholona, ​​e noho pinepine ke kanaka i nā makahiki he 30.

Kāne a male

ʻO ka mea ʻē i ʻike i ke ola ola, e hoʻomanaʻo hou paha ia i kēia holoholona nani me kāna poʻo e hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui ai, ma nā pepeiaʻe o nā lālā. I ka haʻaheo kiʻekiʻe o kēia holoholona, ​​ua ʻike ʻia ka ikaika nui a me ke ʻano kipi. He like ʻo ia ʻo Maral, like me like me ka ʻulaʻula, i Siberia kona ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo Manchurian deer, a ma ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia ka inoa ʻo wapiti. ʻO Maral, e like me nā kaea ʻulaʻula nui, he holoholona nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka lua ka nui ma hope o kahi elk. Ke ulu nui nei a hiki i 170 cm. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi a hiki i 400 kg, ikaika a me nā pū i hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e kū ai kekahi predator. ʻOi aku ka wiwo ʻole e kūʻē i ka ʻelele makua. ʻO ke kūlohelohe maoli, ʻaʻole makaʻu iki kekahi kanaka i kekahi, akā e makaʻala nui ʻia e ke ʻano maoli, hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻike ʻole iā lākou i nā poʻe. A he mau kumu maikaʻi no kēia. ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa, ua lilo loa nā kaheka nui i ka hopu holoholona nui o ka poʻe. ʻO ke kanaka wale nō ka ikaika e hoʻopio ai i kēia ʻano kūloʻo, a no nā kenekulia he nui, ua pepehi ʻo ia i kēia mau holoholona nani, he mea kūlohelohe maoli nō ia, e ʻai i kā lākou ʻai.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hopu ʻana wale nō ka mea e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke ola, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia i mau tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei. No ke aha lā he kahu, ʻaʻole ka puaa hihiu, a me nā kahe a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e nui ana i kēlā mau lā? Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka ʻimi no ka kekaʻa - ʻo kēia holoholona maikaʻi a ikaika hoʻi mai kahi leʻaleʻa. Holo ʻia kēia holoholona hihiu a wikiwiki i ka nahele o ka nahele, mālama pono loa e hoʻokokoke iā ia a hoʻolilo i kahi pupuhi make ma hope o kēia holoholona hihiu ʻaʻole hiki ke hakakā hou, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea pepehi i kēia hihia. ʻO ka hopena kūleʻa o kēia ʻuala i lawe mai i ka manawa e hānai ai i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i nā lā he nui. A inā i nele ka mea lawaiʻa, ma kahi hihia loaʻa ʻole ke ola a ola kino. ʻO ka mana nui paha, hiki i ka maral hōʻeha ke hōʻoki a make paha kekahi i hoʻokahi kanaka. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe kahiko o nā ʻuhane o nā holoholona, ​​a me nā ʻuhane o ke kanaka e hiki ke ola ma hope o ka make. I waena o nā ʻohana o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, ua ʻike ʻia ka kaera ka holoholona i mahalo nui ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu o ka moʻo totem i hoʻohua ai i kēia hakakā.

Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka deer, hoʻopili ʻia nā kānaka i ke kumu maʻamau o ke ola ʻana o kahi kanaka haki - "loaʻa ka holoholona, ​​mālama iā lākou". Aia nō kekahi i manaʻoʻiʻo: "A maikaʻi loa kēlā no ka mea pepehi i nā mea keu ʻelua i hoʻokahi makahiki." Kāne ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ulaula manu - he holoholona kēia i hele mai kona kiʻi iā mākou mai ka wā kahiko ma nā kiʻi pena o nā kānaka mua. Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo pehea i hoʻowalewale ʻia ka mea nānā kahiko i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi ikaika o ka "petroglyphs" ma luna o nā pōhaku, i ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kaila i nā kiʻi hunting. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā kaha kiʻi ma ka pōhaku ua hana ʻia me ka manaʻolana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻuhane, i hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka, a e mālama i kona ola. Hiki i nā Petroglyphs o ke kālā Kalbak-Tash ke lawelawe i kahi hiʻohiʻona e like me ke ʻano.

Mālama ka Hermitage i nā ʻoni ma luna o nā ʻoka o nā wahi paʻa ma Altai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kanu kupapaʻu o nā kānaka hanohano me nā lio e hōʻike ana i kahi mākaʻi ʻoniʻoni me nā pepeiaohao kahi lio. ʻO kēia hōʻike ʻo ia he ʻelele na nā kānaka e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi ʻokoʻa ma kahi o ka honua, a no ka hoʻohuli i hoʻohuli ʻia kēia lio. Ke ola nei kahi pāheu pan-Eurasian ma kahi o ke kanaka he ʻano o ka takahi ma waena o nā ao - waena, luna a kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa. Wahi a kēia moʻolelo, ke kālele ʻia o ka kiʻekiʻe e ka ʻimi hihiu e alakaʻi ai i kahi kanaka i kahi honua maikaʻi o ka moʻolelo a luku iā ia. I kēia kūlana, ʻo ka deer kekahi o nā holoholona nui e pili ana i ka mōʻī. I nā pena kiʻi o ka mea hana kiʻi o ka Middle Ages, ua ʻike mau ʻia nā kiʻi huluhulu me ke ʻano like o ka hopu ʻana i ka Red Deer. Eia ke kiʻi o Bril Paulus, mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o Louis XIV, "Deer Hunt" i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 16, i mālama ʻia i loko o Louvre.

Akā ua hala nā kenekulia. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi kanaka mai ka moʻomeheu kahiko, a loaʻa nāʻiʻo i ke akua. I ka wā i hala, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i nā manawa like ʻole e loaʻa ai kāna ʻai ponoʻī ma waho o ka ʻimi holoholona. A hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hānai i nā holoholona home, aʻoi e ulu i nā mea kanu ʻai, akā ʻo ka huki kākeke, ua hoʻopili iki iā ia iā lākou iho. He aha ke kumu, no ke aha?

Nui nā kumu kūpono maoli ke kumu o ka kāʻei i lilo i ka piʻi hānai manuahi kaulana loa nui, a no ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka makena. Ua ʻike maka lōʻihi ka makemake ʻole o ka ʻiole i nā mea ʻoluʻolu a nani wale nō i ka leʻaleʻa, akā he mea hoʻokalakupua a me nā mea hōʻola kino. ʻAʻohe aneane momona i loko o ka venison, a ʻo kona waiwai ikaika hoʻi he 155 kcal wale no ka 100 g. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka deer a me ka maral ka nui o nā huaora B1, B2 a me PP, a me nā mea hou aku: nā hao hao, kalima, pāhala, fosfor, sodium, magnesium. No laila, ʻaʻole i pili ka venison i nā kīʻaha koko a me ka puʻuwai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana me ka emi o ka vitamin a me nā maʻi metaboleta. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiora B1 - thiamine he hopena hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o ka lolo o ke kanaka. ʻO Thiamine kekahi antiioxidant maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ke kumu e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena maikaʻi o ka taba a me ka inu ʻona. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine nā kauka i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiole i ka wahine hāpai, no ka mea e hoʻāla ai i ka leo o nā pūpū o ka naʻau, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻalā. Kēia ʻia ka poʻe maʻamau eʻai i ka venison i nā pinepine ʻole i ka maʻi maʻi.

He aha nā kākela ʻoneka?

I ka pūnāwai, e hānai nui ʻia ana ka ʻelele ma ka mauʻu akā ua ʻōlaula mau ia a ʻono keu. Liki koke lākou i ka mauʻu i 30 mau mea hoʻopiʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke, hānai no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa hola, e neʻe ana mai kahi wahi a kahi wahi. Loaʻa ka momona, moe lākou a hoʻomoʻo i ka moliki, aneane like me nā bipi keʻokeʻo. I kēia manawa, ʻōpiopio nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o nā pākeke. I ke kauwela, i ka wā e ulu ai ka mauʻu, koho nui ka hoki i nā poʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou poʻo i lalo i ka lepo, e nānā mau ana a puni, a ʻike ʻia ka pipi i mea a pau ko lākou ʻike i ka ʻike, akā he mea maʻamau ka kāohi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ʻulaʻula i kahi wahi ākea a ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau a puni.

Ma ke ala, makemake nui loa nā kāne i nā lālā o ka mea lulu mai ka hua ulu Ledum e ulu ana ma Altai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "maralnik". ʻO kēia palu ma Altai he mea maʻamau loa. I ka wā o ka pua o maralnik, ua paʻi ʻia nā mauna a pau o Altai i ka kala lilac-pink. ʻO kahi kiʻi nani ʻole kēia. ʻAʻole no kekahi mea o ka wā e hānai ai i ka maralnik ma Altai e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻaina Hanami ma Iapana. ʻOiai ka maralnik i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka "rhododendron o Ledebour," ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe kamaʻāina iā ia, akā he hōʻailona nō lākou: ua pua ka maralnik - ua puka mai ka pūnāwai.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻai ka ʻale me ka leʻaleʻa i nā lālā a me nā lau o ka currant, willow, ash ash, aspen, ʻaʻole pinepine lākou e ʻai i ka meli a i ole birch, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou hōʻole i ka lichen i ʻai ai lākou i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka hau, no ka mea aia ka nui o nā lichen ma kēia mau wahi. I nā mahiʻai holoholona hānai, ʻoi aku lākou i hānai ʻia i loko o kekahi mau wahi i hōʻike ʻia ʻia kahi mauʻu. No laila, inā ma ka hihiu, ola pinepine ka maral i ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau makahiki, a laila ola ke pāmu i nā makahiki 25-30.

ʻO ke koko a me nā mea hoʻowalewale o ka maral

Ua kamaʻāina ke kanaka i nā waiwai o nā koko hōʻemi no nā haneli he mau makahiki. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻohana nā kānaka i ke koko o kēia holoholona kupaianaha i mea e hoʻohana ai i ka therapeutic e hoʻoikaika i ka nui o ke kanaka e hoʻokuʻu nei i kona mau makahiki. Mai nā kumu mōʻaukala, ʻike ʻia a hiki i ka wā kahiko, hoʻōla ʻo nā shamans i nā poʻe maʻi me ka hopohopo ʻole, no ka mea e koi lākou iā lākou e inu i ke koko kanalima, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "elixir of life." Ma ke ala, e hana mau ʻia nei e nā poʻe kamaʻāina o Altai a me ʻĀkau. I ka wā o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā mea aʻokiʻī, ua komo nā kānaka i kēia, kahe koko mai ka ʻāʻī a inu koke ʻoe, wela. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia no ka ʻike o ka nāwaliwali o ka puʻuwai, akā naʻe he ʻano ia. Pēlā ke ʻano o kēia ʻano hana i kēia lā i kekahi o nā māla lawena ʻo Altai e hana nei.

I ka honua moʻomeheu, hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana lapaʻau i hana ʻia mai nā ʻaole koko a me nā deer no nā kumu therapeutic. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻepekema ʻo ke koko kanika ka mea maoli i ka nui o nā mea e pono ai ke ola kino. ʻO ka mea mua, he mau palaka ia, ka momona, nā macro a me nā microelement, a me ka amino acid, nā nucleic acid, nā ʻano like hormon like-steroid, nā peptides, nā vitamina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i aʻo ʻia e ka ʻepekema, akā he mea maikaʻi ka hopena i ke kino o ke kanaka. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ke koko, nā mea mai nā moku o ke kino a mai nā mea kikoʻī maʻa, ua hana like ia me ka biologically.

No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻāina he nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi mai ke koko o ka kahe a loaʻa iā ia kona mana hana, akā i ka makahiki 1934 wale kekahi o nā kaepekema Soviet S S. Pavlenko, A. S. Tevi, L. N. Shchepetilnikova a me V. S Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Kiseleva i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika mai nā ʻōpena o ka maral. Ua kāhea ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Pantocrine. A i ka manawa ma hope o 30 mau makahiki o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka makahiki 1967, ua make ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ka helu o ka makahiki 195049, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hana i kahi maral-sovkhoz kūikawā i Altai no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maral i mea e loaʻa ai nā antler no ka pantocrine mai iā lākou. Noho a kēia aupuni kula aupuni a hiki i ka hopena o ka mana o Soviet, a i kēia manawa aia kekahi mau kahu hānai ʻele manu i kona kumu.

ʻO ka mea kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau he pantocrine, kahi wai ʻona wai mai ka ʻū ʻole i ka pūlima. Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpala e hōʻoki i ka waʻa i nā makahiki ʻelua, no laila ʻo ka mea kanu i ke ola holoʻokoʻa ke hāʻawi i nā lā he 12-15 mau pakanani. E hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā aniani i ka Mei-Iune i ka wā o ka rut, i ka wā ʻo nā kāne ka hana ʻoi loa o nā mea ola. ʻO nā meles, nona nā pepeiaohao nui ua lawe ʻia mai ka bipi a ʻokoʻa i kahi peni kūikawā. A laila, hoʻokahi, kaʻi ʻia lākou i kahi poloka paʻa i ka mea e kiʻi ai ka maral i kahi mīkini kūikawā kahi i kau ʻia ai ke poʻo o ka holoholona.

Ua paʻakikī ka hana a ua komo kekahi poʻe i ka hana, ka mea e paʻa nei i ka holoholona, ​​a ʻo kekahi o lākou e hōʻoki i nā ʻōneke me kahi māka a i ʻole kahi hacksaw maʻamau no ke kila.

A laila e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻoki a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka holoholona makaʻu. Holo aku nei ka bala maral i waho o ko lākou lumi kahi i hana ʻia ai kēia hana. A laila ʻaʻole i hele i kona ala, e hina ʻia kekahi.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ke kaupaona ʻana o nā pālua o nā mea pīhoihoi e pili ana iā 5-6 kg, a i kēia manawa ma ka Altai Republic, aia ma kahi o 40,000 mau kaena ʻulaʻula a me 4000 sika deer, ʻaʻole he mea kupanaha ka helu ʻumiʻane o 30 mau tonilele e loaʻa ana mai iā lākou, ʻo ia ka hoʻihoʻi nui ʻia. No Altai kahi kālā nui loa kēia, aneane o ka hapa o nā mea kūʻai mai, ma nā waihona kālā pili i kēia ma kahi o 4 miliona mau kālā US i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

No kahi nalo kahi i ʻoki ʻia kona mau aniani, ʻaʻole hiki ʻoe ke makaʻu. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, e hōʻike hou nā mea hou ma kona poʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa ka manawa e ulu hou i ka hapa o ka hapalua mika. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia e hoʻokaumaha iā ia.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā meaʻala

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea kūikawā o Altai maral i kekahi holoholona no laila a waiwai ʻia lākou a puni ka honua. I nā makahiki he nui, ua hōʻiliʻili wale nā ​​mea kuʻuna ma Rūsia, ma Siberia a me Altai. Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e loaʻa i ka pantocrine, a ua kūʻai ʻia ke koena e nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina a me Korea, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai lākou, aia ke koi nui ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e komo pū me Russia. ʻOiai i kēia mau makahiki i hala, ua hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko. ʻO ka mea nui no ka nui o nā makahiki he pantocrine. Loaʻa ia ma ke ʻano he wai wai-wai wai a i ʻole ma nā papa. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka nalo me ka nāwaliwali o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke koko, ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau, me ka hana nui a me ka neurosis.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka hana o ke kau ʻana i nāʻauʻau kauʻau me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana mai ka mea halihali deer me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā minerala a me nā ʻaila o ke ahi i mea kaulana loa. Loaʻa kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o nā paʻakai e piha ana i ka kaona piha o nā minela a me nā mea kūlohelohe. Hoʻohālike nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi like o ka pantocrine, akā hana mālie aʻe a loaʻa iki nā contraindications, ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hana balneological a ma ka home. Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi laina holoʻokoʻa o ia mau ʻano paʻakai.

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea nani i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o nā kumuwaiwai mai nā antlers. Hāʻawi nā loiloi i kahi hopena maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻili, ka mālama a me ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi ʻili.

Pāʻolo ulu

No kekahi manawa i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i nā kao no nā poʻe ʻokiʻāina ma nā ʻāina o Scandinavia a ma Scotland a me nā mokuʻo Baltic. ʻO ke kuhi nui ʻana ka holomua o ka male manuahi ma New Zealand. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 4 mau makahiki, ua lawe ʻia nā manikini mau keu i kēia ʻāina a hoʻomaka e hānai iā lākou. I ka hopena, ua loaʻa i kēia manawa ʻo New Zealand he ʻelua miliona keu. ʻO nā mea hānai ʻo Reindeer i loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā he ʻumi ma kahi o $ 200 miliona. I kēia manawa ʻo Aotearoa kahi poʻokūkū nui ma Rūsia ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mea ʻauʻau. He mea liilii iki paha, he manaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea anele no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau a hōʻiliʻili iā lākou i ka nui o nā ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki a me hoʻokahi hapa ma mua o Siberia, ke hoʻonui nei i ka maikaʻi o ko Aotearoa poʻe! ʻAe, ʻike maoli ʻole ka ʻike ʻoi loa iā lākou ma Aotearoa nei, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake wau e lana i ka piʻi o ka male ma Rusia i ka pae kūpono. Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻenehana kūloko i kēia wā, ke piʻi nui nei nā mea hoʻomohala e nāʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini, i hoʻopuka i ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka pantocrine a me nā bioadditives, kahi e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ai nā hoʻopaʻi a Rusia e ʻEulopa, e lilo i mea waiwai. A no ka poʻe e noho ana ma Siberia a me Altai, e ulu ʻiʻo kēia ʻenehana a lawe mai i ka kālā kiʻekiʻe i nā kānaka a me nā ʻāina a pau, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea nui a ka leʻaleʻa Altai e lilo a ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā kaila ma ka honua.

Ecology

ʻO nā kamaʻāina maʻamau no kēia ʻano mea he mauna ala-anuʻu. ʻO ia kēia mau ʻona e ʻae ai iā ia e loaʻa ka momona e pono ai no ka hoʻoilo, ʻai ʻo ia i ka meaʻai makemake loa. I waena o nā kaiāulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea momona. ʻO ia kumu no ka mea iʻoi aku ka paʻakikī iā ia ke ola i nā kahakaha hoʻoilo, e ʻai ana i nā lālā wale. ʻO ka ʻiole ʻula ka mea ʻai no nā ʻīlio, nā ʻū, nā lynx a me nā ʻīlio hihiu.

Nui o nā ʻano

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, e hāʻule mau ana ka nui o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole wale kēia ma muli o nā kumu kūlohelohe, e like me ka ʻai ʻana e ka poʻe predator, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai i nā pahu hau kiona, akā ke ʻano hoʻi o ka hana kanaka. I kēia manawa, ʻike nui ʻia ia ikaika kupaianaha a nani hoʻi, ke kahu puka. Ua ʻōlelo ka Red Book i kona helu ma ka nahelehele he mau tausani wale nō. Inā mālama ʻole kekahi kanaka i ka deer i nā mālama a me nā mahiʻai, hiki koke i loko o nā ululāʻau hihiu hiki ʻole ia e launa.

Ke hoʻohana kanaka

I ko mākou'āina, ua hoʻohana nui wale ʻia nā mea kanu manu, i maloʻo a hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ke ʻano maʻa i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole. Eia naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻāina, e like me kekahi poʻe o ko mākou mokuʻāina, koko, ʻai a me nā ʻili o kēia mau holoholona. Mea waiwai ka koko o ka waiʻala i nā protein, nā micro a me nā mea macro, nā momona, nā mea wae i ka nucleous, nā hormones, peptides, amino acid, vitamina, steroid a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Eia nō hoʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke koko a me nā ʻāpana o nā moku maral a me nā mea antler - he ʻano like kā lākou hana ola.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā holoholona - ke kanaka - ma ka Central Federal District a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 90,000 rubles i kēlā me kēia kanaka e ola ai. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia nā kumukūʻai nā mea kūʻai aku e nā mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole e kūʻai ana.

Hānau kūleʻa

Puʻuwai ʻula ʻaihue hōʻano. Loaʻa wale ʻia nā wahine i ka wā heʻolu makahiki. Mālama nā Males i nā mea mele e pili ana iā lākou iho, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka makahiki ʻelima. ʻO ka hopena o ʻAukake e hōʻailona ʻia me kahi ʻakaʻaka. ʻLelo maoli i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka ka hākele i nā wahi like. E like me ke kānāwai, ua ʻike nā ʻano ʻala lāʻau a me nā ʻōpio mauna. I ka mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe kāne, ʻoiai aia he hakakā ma waena o nā hakakā ʻelua. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, komo nā ʻelele i nā hakakā like ʻole, ʻoiai nā ʻōpio e makemake e haʻalele i kā lākou mau wahi me ka hakakā ʻole. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole i koko nā hakakā ʻo Murals.

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ʻO ka wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, e koho i ke koho ma kahi ʻōnaehana ikaika a ʻelele hou. He mea nui paha ia i ka nui o ka ʻō ʻana a me ka hoʻōho ʻana o nā pu.

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Ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kāne i nā wahine kokoke iā ia, hoʻomaka ka manawa pale i ka poʻe pale kaua. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe o nā kāne he 3 i ka wahine.

Hānau ʻia nā wahine i loko o 255 mau lā. I ka wā hānau, makemake ka wahine e ʻimi i nā wahi maluhia i kahi palekana hou mai ai ka palekana. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo ka wahine hoʻokahi ka hānau i nā ʻoi aku ʻelua. I ka wā mua, mālama ʻo ia i kāna keiki mai ka pōʻino hiki.