Keklik - He pua manu, e hoʻomanaʻo i kāna ʻano e pili ana i ka ʻōpio, nā wā ʻōpio ikaika. Ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻōlelo ai ka hapa nui o nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā lawaiʻa o kēia ʻano manu. I kēiaʻatikala, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me ka wehewehe o nā kīʻaha kīʻaha, ʻo ko lākou ola, e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka hopu a me ka pio ʻana o kēia mau manu.

Manu Keklik - he pāʻani punahele no ka poʻe hahai. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea kaulana i waena o ka poʻe hahai, he pālahalaha kēia ʻano hana i nā ʻāina nui i nā kihi like ʻole o ka honua. He nui nā mea wānana e hāʻawi ʻole i ka pāʻina i ka pāʻina awakea, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou e ke anuanu a me ka nele o ka meaʻai. Eia naʻe, mālama nā kīʻaha kīʻaha i nā pilikia āpau.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO kahi partridge pōhaku a mullet kahi manu liʻiliʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona mau pākeke kahiko - ʻano pheasants. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka 40cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paona ma kahi o 900g, ma ka hapanui ke ʻano ma ka hapalua o ka ʻāpana. ʻO Wingspan ma kahi hapalua mika.

Ka leo a Keklik hiki ke lohe ʻia i ke kakahiaka kakahiaka, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana nā kāne i kahi "call call". I ke kani ʻana, like ia me ke ke-ke-hele. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻōpala mauna pōhaku no kona ʻano like me kahi manu a me kona noho mua.

Hoʻoholo ka lāʻau a me ka laiki i ke ʻano o nā ʻano. ʻO ka nui o nā hulu o ka chamomile o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke one. Hoʻopukumu ka hina. ʻO ka melemele a me ka uliuli māmā haze e hoʻohemo i ka plamage palupalu. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke poʻo ma mua o ke kino: nā ʻele a me nā ʻāʻī, kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia e ke laina ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula a puni nā pepeiao.

Hāʻihi ka puna o ka waina i mua o ka hope. Hoʻopuka ke aniani i nā maka. Hoʻomalima ʻia ka ʻōpū o Keklik i loko o nā ʻāpana kukui, nā pulu ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula i loko o ka huelo, akā ʻike wale ʻia lākou i ka wā o ka lele. Hoʻokele nā ​​Males i nā wāwae. Keklik i ke kiʻi He nani ia. Hoʻopau ia i ka ʻano kūlohelohe o ke kuahiwi o nā kuahiwi me nā hulu ʻulaʻula.

ʻO kahi kīʻaha Asia

ʻO nā chubby Asia he mau manu manu maʻamau. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ia kāna wehewehe i hoʻohana ʻia he canon no ka holoʻokoʻa, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kīʻaha. ʻO ka Asiatic Keklik ka wahi e māhele nui ai: mai Caucasus a i ka Pamirs. Hoʻoholo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka kaulana o nā manu e pili ana i ka noho pio ʻana.

Noho kahi e noho ai

I nā ʻōlelo o ke ʻano kino, ua like ka like me ka pahu hau o ʻAmelika i kahi palupalu hina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui.

Noho ʻo Keklik i nā kuahiwi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina, mai ka Caucasus iho a hiki i Tuva a me Altai. Loaʻa ka manu ma vivo ma Central Asia, Transcaucasia, East Kazakhstan, Altai Territory a me Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma luna o ka acclimatization a me ka hoʻokō manuahi ʻana i nā wahi Transcarpathian a me Crimean. Noho ʻo Keklik ma ka Penkani o Balkan, ma Central a me South-West Asia, a me ʻolua hoʻi ʻo Kina.

Hiki i kēlā mau manu ke loaʻa ma nā wahi o nā kuahiwi, ma lalo o laila aia nā wai. Me ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā lā kauwela mahana, e piʻi kokoke nā manu i ka laina o nā ʻīlio mau loa. Inā ma ke kuahiwi he nui nui o ka hau e hina nui, makemake nui nā keklik e neʻe i lalo a i kahi i emi ai. Ma Tien Shan, noho ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500 m, a i loko o Caucasus piʻi piʻi aʻe i luna i nā mauna - a hiki i 3000 mika. Akā ka hapa nui o nā manu noho i nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā huaʻai semi-wao.

He aha nā mea like

Loaʻa aku kahi lula hulu ʻē aʻe o ka Asian chubby ma mua o kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. He lehu hina, he pīhoihoi kaahū ʻulaʻula-pink. He manu ʻeleʻele o ka manu i ka pepeiao, a puni ka ʻāʻī e lilo i hapalua a ʻoi paha. Kuke ʻia ka lae i ka paʻi ʻeleʻele. Hāʻawi ka manu ia i kahi kāʻei hana i hana ʻia i ka wahi maka. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hiki ke ʻike i ke kīlohelohe o ke kala, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōpū ma kahi ʻulaʻula. Keklik has paws of saturated red color, a beak liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa nā kamaʻilio maikaʻi o Males, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau muffins maʻamau ʻo 35 cm ka mea, he pānaʻi ʻia mai ka 350 a 800 mau grika a loaʻa i kahi mau ʻēheu i ka laulā 47 - 52 cm.

Eia kekahi i kahi ʻoi Asiatic Keklik, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, no ka hoʻohālike, ka Europa. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kona kino e like me nā ʻano o ʻAsia. Loaʻa ka chubby o Europe i ka laulā o 50 a 55 cm. I kēlā manu, ua pena ʻia ke kino o ke poʻo a me ka umauma i kahi kala ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa i ka chamomile maʻEulopa ke keʻokeʻo ma kahi oi ʻeleʻele e waiho ana ma luna. ʻO nā Keklik European ka ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻūhā hiʻona o ke kala ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula a me nā beige ke kala i hōʻike nui ʻia. Loaʻa i ka Keklik European nā maka ʻulaʻulaʻula, kahi ʻulaʻula a me ka pale like o ka wāwae.

ʻO ka pahu ʻulaʻula i like like me ke nānā aku o ʻEulopa - kahi ʻano mullet ʻē aʻe, a me ka pahu o ka pahu. Arabian Keklik ʻike makaʻala hou aku i ka poʻe Asia.

ʻAno hānau

I ka wā e ulu ana, nā manu ʻAmelika, e lawe ʻia ana ka hua o ka puna ma ko lākou mau māla. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo Males i nā hakakā no kahi wahine ʻoluʻolu. I ka wā e moe ai, e makemake ana ke kāne, me ka nui o ke kāhea a me nā hops pōkole, e ʻimi i ka manaʻo o ka wahine. Pēlā ʻo ia e kūkulu ai i kahi pā. I kekahi manawa pili pinepine nā manu i ka hui pū ʻia, i laila he mau wahine.

Kūkulu ʻia kēlā manu e ʻoi aku ma mua o 16 mau hua me ka pālei paʻakai-keʻokeʻo me ka ʻūhū pono ʻana i nā kiʻi brown. Loaʻa kekahi ʻano maoli maoli i kahi masonry i kekahi mau subspecies o kahi ʻāpana pōhaku, kahi ma kahi he 24 mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 3 mau pule.

ʻO ka lawelawe wale nō i ka maloʻo ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā muffins liʻiliʻi e ʻimi no ka ʻai - nā pepeke, nā larvae, na slugs. ʻO ka paʻu o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio he brownish-hina ke kala, ʻoiai ke hiki lākou i 3 mahina o kona mau makahiki, ʻoi aku lākou me nā mea pākeke. Ma ka piha o 4 mau mahina, ʻike ʻo Kekliks i ka demorphism moʻo wahine, a mai kēlā manawa hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka hiki ʻana o ka mahina e ʻohi ai nā pua, hoʻokumu nā pua i kahi o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. I ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, loaʻa nā manu i kā lākou ʻai, a laila holo lākou i nā kuahiwi - lohe ʻia nā leo o "ke-ke-lek". Ua lilo lākou i kumu no ka inoa o ka manu. ʻO ka paona o nā wahine makua he 370 - 500 gram, a me nā kāne - 500 - 630.

Mea ʻai

ʻO ka ʻulāʻau kōkā o ʻAsia, lawe ʻia a lawe ʻia e nā mea kanu puaʻa he nui i ka ʻai o ka mea kanu. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i nā hua a me nā hua, nā ʻupu, nā huʻu, nā greens. Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Asiatic Keklik i nā makana mai ka honua. ʻO kahi mahele nui o nā meaʻai o nā manu i kēlā me kēia lā nā manu a me nā mea hānai manuʻai - e like me nā pīpī, nā kōpala, nā ʻeke.

He wā paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo no ka manu, ʻoiai ke uhi ʻana ka uhi ma ka paʻakikī a ʻaʻole hiki i ka meaʻai ke hiki ʻole. No laila, lele nā ​​kīʻaha i kēia manawa ma nā kuʻu hema, kahi e emi ai ka hau, a laila iho i lalo i nā papu. I ka wā e hele mai ai ka hau ma ka hau, he nui nā manu i make ma muli o ka ʻole o ka meaʻai.

Ma ke ala o ke ola, nā like like ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha āpau o nā kīʻī. I ke kakahiaka kā lākou e kāhea nei, a laila e ʻimi i ka ʻai a me ka inu. Me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka wela o ka lā e makemake lākou e ʻaʻa i ke one a hoʻomaha. I ke ahiahi, lele hou lākou i ka ʻai a hele i ka wai. I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, hoʻomaka lākou i ka holo wikiwiki, a laila hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo ma luna o ka lepo a holo i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole.

Ke lawe ʻia nei ka halihali ʻana o ia mau holoholona like i ka home ke loaʻa ka ʻiʻo o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o nā manu ma ka home e loaʻa i nā kūlana o ka cellular a i ʻole aviary. ʻO ka meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā o nā manu i loko o nā mea inikini, nā meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka meaʻai moa.

Keklik Przewalski

ʻO Przewalski Keklik kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻĀpoka mauna Tibet. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hālāwai me kahi kīʻaha ma Tibet. ʻO kona wahi kai nui loa o nā ʻūlele ma ka moku ʻo Qinghai. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ia me ka Keklik ʻAsia: hāʻawi i ka kala o nā hulu, ʻaʻohe ʻōuli ʻeleʻele i ka ʻāʻī.

ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe ka mokuʻāina Pākē i nā mea maʻamau maʻamau. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā manu, pono ʻoe e maʻa nui, e nānā pono ana a hoʻolohe i kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻAʻole wale ka plumage e hāʻawi i ko ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano i kā lākou ʻōlelo ponoʻī.

Noho ʻo Red partridge ma ka Iberian Peninsula. Loaʻa ia ia kona inoa no kahi kumu. I hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻāpana o ka plumage. I ka makahiki 1992, ua pāpā aku ke aupuni Pelekikena i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka kīʻaha ʻAiatik a me kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, i mea e mālama ai i nā ʻano o nā mea hope i lilo i waiwai waiwai.

ʻOhi kīʻaha Arab

Noho ʻo Arab Keklik, e like me ka inoa o nā ʻano ʻano, ma ka Penikala ʻArapi. ʻO ka inoa ʻalua o kēia ʻano, he ʻona manuʻula poepoe. ʻAʻole ia he mea kuhihewa ʻole. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa loa ʻo nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o nā kuahi mauna - nā ʻoniʻula a me ka lei

Hoʻaiho

ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma ka migratory. ʻAʻole lākou e lele no ka hoʻoilo, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano like. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ke kahe e kū ana mai nā Alps a me ka Laulua o Balkan a hiki i Kina, a me ka Himalaya. Loaʻa pinepine i nā cupcakes ma Altai, nā Caucasus a me Central Asia. Pahu ka manu ma ka ʻāina, i makemake i nā ʻōpala pōhaku, ka wao nahele, nā ka nahele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūhā me nā ʻōpala haʻahaʻa a me nā nāhelehele.

ʻAʻole i mamao loa mai ka ululāʻau mea puʻuwai ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa mau ʻana i kahi ʻano loko. Pono pono ka hoʻonaʻa ʻana o ke ola no lākou i ke kauwela wela. Piʻi pinepine lākou e inu i ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, ke kūlohelohe ka wai, nā ʻōpū o nā manu a me ka hau.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka manu

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei me nā poʻe ʻelima o ka ʻohana o nā muffins pheasant - kahi manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke paona o kahi ʻāpana pōhaku mai kahi 300-700 g. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manu makua he 35 cm ka lōʻihi, a hiki i nā ʻēheu he 47-52 cm.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻāpana Partridge ma waena o kona mau hoahānau ona me kona ʻāpana maoli. ʻO ka kala o nā hulu ka mea hina hina hina me ka wai puki-pink. ʻO ka lae, me ka mamao o ka maka mua o ka poʻo a hiki i ka pepeiao, ua ʻalo ʻia ka ʻeleʻele. Ma nā ʻaoʻao aia nā alapine poloka o ke kala kala ʻole, akā no ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, he leo ʻulaʻula. Ma lalo o nā maka, he ʻeleʻele, aia nā aluhilohi ʻulaʻula o ke kaila ʻulaʻula. I kā lākou mau ʻāpana, nui nā wahine i ʻoi aku nā liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano e ka wahine ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o nā spurs ma nā wāwae o nā kāne.

ʻO nā ʻano o nā kīʻaha Cupcakes

Ke kūlohelohe nei, aia he 7 mau hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana mauna, kahi o ko Asiatic chamois ka nui o ka ākea. ʻO kēia ʻāpana kēia e mālama ʻia ma ke kaona i loko o Caucasus, Western Asia a me Tajikistan.

1. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka mauna kai ʻĀsia e neʻe aku mai ka Caucasus a i ka Pamirs, no laila aia nō ke paha e hiki ai i nā kime o ʻĀsia no ka mālama ʻana i loko o ka hale.
2. Ma Tibet, pili ke wahi o Asiatic Keg i pili me ka noho o ka ʻohana Przewalski a i ʻole Tibet mauna unahi.
3. Ma ke komohana, ʻo ka wahi i noho ai ʻo Asiatic Keklik kahi i noho ai i ka ʻāina o ka mokuʻEulopa, ka mea i pālahalaha ʻia ma ʻElopa hema, ʻaʻole i waiho aku i ka hema-komohana o Farani a me ka Iberian Peninsula. ʻO nā like ʻekolu o nā manu a like ʻole kekahi.
4. Noho ka ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ka ʻāpana ʻehā ma ka Iberian Peninsula: ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. Hoʻololi ʻē ʻia ia me nā ʻekolu ʻekolu i ke kala o ka peni.
5. Ma o ke Kuhi o Gibraltar ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻApelika Komohana, hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pahu kalima ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike. He mea paʻakikī paha kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka poʻe ʻē aʻe.
6. ʻO nā palena o kēlā me kēia mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka muffins ka palena ʻē aʻe, akā ua ʻoki ʻia mai nā wao nahele ʻelima ʻē aʻe. Noho kēia mau mea ʻelua i ke komohana hema o ka Arabian Peninsula. ʻAno like ka ʻili Arab ke ke kelepona i ka like me ka ʻāpanaʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia, akā, ʻaʻole i kuhi ʻia nā ʻeleʻele.
7. Keklik 'polū i loko o ka a me ka hala o ka "pua" i ko mākou mau maka, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻae iā mākou e hilahila i kēia ʻike.

Ke noho maʻamau

Noho kēia i ka ʻāina i hoʻōla ʻia o ke ʻeke, nā wao a me nā ʻāpana semi-wao. I ka manawa like, he kānalua ia i ke koho ʻana o nā hale. I waena o lākou ʻo nā kuahiwi o nā mauna a me nā ʻalopeka me nā mea kanu maikaʻi a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ke kuahiwi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi loa ka mau kiʻekiʻe o 500 a 2,000 mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻAʻole e like me Ular, lele pinepine ia i ka wai a i ʻole ia e hele ana ma ka wāwae, i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo wau i ka hau.

I ka hukahaua a hohonu hohonu hoʻi, e hoʻokokoke ai, e lilo ana i mau wahi maʻalahi no ka poʻe predator. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka makahiki i nā pā, mālama wale ʻia i nā papa ʻelua i ka wā hoʻoulu. Aia ke moe ʻana, hoʻokokoke ke kāne a ka wahine a puni kona poʻo me ke poʻo a kūlou a me nā ʻēheu e pā ana i ka lepo.

ʻO ka pūnana, ʻo ia kahi lua kahi i hali ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a me ka hulu, loaʻa ma ka mauʻu, ma ke kumu o ka lāʻau, ma lalo o kahi kuʻi pōhaku a iʻa paha, ma nā wahi ākea i nā wahi o nā kahawai o ka ʻike hema. ʻO nā kāne kāne hoʻokahi me ka wahine hoʻokahi wale nō a pale i ka pā o ka pili, i kekahi manawa e komo ana i ka incubation masonry. ʻO ka nui pipi mai 7 a 20 mau hua. ʻIke ʻia nā kihi i ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka hoʻomoe mua ʻana o ka pālua, a hoʻohui ʻia ka wahine lua, a ʻo ka pepa i hui pū ʻia. Kele ʻia ka wā pua e kekahi. I ka makahiki, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia i kāna hua. Hoʻohui ka ʻai ma ka ʻāina.

ʻOi palekana

No ka manawa lōʻihi, aia ka emi o ka helu o ka mullet ʻEulopa: e like paha mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1950 i ke Alps, ua laha nei kēia ʻano maikaʻi mai ka hikina a i ke komohana. Aia nā nui kumu no kēia: hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻāina i kanu ʻia, neoneo ʻana i nā wahi āpau alpine a me nā wahie kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻohi nui ʻana o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka ʻoka. I ka manawa manawa, hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻomāhuahua i kēia mau holoholona no nā mea kūʻai aku, kahi i hoʻohana ai nā kānaka o ka dubious genetic pure a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka mullet.Nā chika alectoris) (i kekahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau subspecies), ka mea i alakaʻi wale ʻia i ka hiki ʻana i ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūlana.

Mai ke ʻano o ke ʻano mea olakino, ʻo ke kolu ʻo ka mauna. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi moa me kahi hiʻohiʻona absurd. No laila, hiki ke hānai ʻia i nā kīʻī i ka like like me nā moa maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā manu ʻē aʻe. I ka mālama ʻia ʻana me nā puʻu, e huki ʻia nā ʻoka, a mālama ʻia me ka moa, e hoʻomaka mua ka moa me ka heihei, no ka mea nui ka nui o ka moa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole like nā moa i ka hoʻokalakupua i ka hoa nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

ʻOiai ʻo ka partridge ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia ma Rūsia, eia naʻe, nui ka poʻe aloha i kēia mau manu i ka honua e hana i ka hana puaʻa ma nā holoholona hihiu. I loko o ke pio ʻana ʻaʻole wale nā ​​mauna wale nō, akā he ʻāpana ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻāpana o kēia ʻano. I kekahi manawa ke kuʻi spontan maʻamau i nā ʻano kuleana no ke kala a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā partridges keʻokeʻo.

ʻO kahi mutation e hāʻawi ana i kahi kalaʻeleʻele (melanism) ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻamau. ʻO ka hānai like me nā moa o ka moa, akā e noʻonoʻo ana i ka pono o ka nui o ka protein. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Keklik i kahi meaʻai i hui ʻia no nā broilers.

Inā mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi pā hale i lalo o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki i ka wahine wahine ke hana i kahi pūnana a noho i nā pua. Ke mālama ʻia nei i loko o ka hale lua, ʻaʻole e hoka nā partridges i nā hua manu, no ia mea ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi incubator no ka hoʻoulu. Hoʻomaka nā hua o ka wahine Keklik e waiho i nā hua mai 4 mau mahina. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua maʻa ma mua o 15 g. Hiki i ka Partridge ke waiho i ka 40 a 60 mau huaʻai i kēlā

Ke kime me ka ʻaila, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana i nā hua 3 i nā hola 48. I nā manu i ulu i loko o nā pūpū me ka hele wāwae, hele mua ka wā ʻōpiopio ma mua o nā mea i ulu kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hānai ʻana i nā heihei moa

Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hua keklik a hiki i 3 mau pule ma mua o ka inkubation, ke hoʻolana nei e mālama ʻia ke ʻano o ka mahana i loko o ka hale ma waena o 13 - 20 ° C a me ka haʻahaʻa o 60%. ʻO ia kahi mālama lōʻihi i ka manawa like e hōʻike i nā hua me nā microcracks a kūpono ʻole i ka incubation. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi ma waena me nā hemahema ʻike ʻole i koho ʻia no ka incubation.

Hoʻomoe ka hake o ka hua manu Keklik he 23 - 25 mau lā. I ka manawa mua, mālama ʻia ka mahana i ka incubator ma 37.6 ° C ma kahi hōkū o 60%. Mai ka lā 22, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana i 36.5 ° C, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hāhā ma 70%.

Hōʻele loa nā pīpī, no laila ma hope o ka hika ʻana ua hopu ʻia lākou a kau ʻia ma nā brooders me kahi pālaʻi mai 31 a 35 ° C. Akā me ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke ʻano o nā moa. Inā hui pū nā hoa i ke a'ōlulu, ua anu ia. ʻOiai kekahī kīʻaha ʻōpio ua kueo kue a kūlike i nā kūlana i makemake ʻia e noho kaʻawale mai a kekahi. Inā ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili ai, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka mahana i ka brooder.

ʻO nā partridges liʻiliʻi e hana ikaika a kū i ka kūʻokoʻa. Ma muli o ke hakaka, pono ia e nānā pono i nā paʻi o nā wahi i pono ai no kēlā me kēia pua. Ma kahi kahi o 0.25 m², ʻaʻohe mauʻoi aʻe o nā pēpē hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. He nui nā wahi o nā manu no ka hakakā ʻana e hiki ai i ka mea nalo ke pakele. ʻOiai me kahi lawa o ka paʻa i loko o ke keʻena like hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama pū me nā moa o nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻAi ʻai

Ma ke ʻano maoli, hānai nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā mea inikini, hiki iā lākou ke hopu iā lākou iho. Ma nā haʻawina aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana o nā kuahiwi no ka wahi hoʻi o ka lawaiʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia e hānai i nā moa me nā ʻōpala, nā leona, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻūlū a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi. Ke noʻonoʻo nei e pono ai kēlā me kēia nīnū i nā mea he 30 mau mea hānai i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kēia ʻano meaʻai i ka wā e hānai ai i nā muffins ma ka mahiʻai.

Akā pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka pono e pono ai no nā ʻōpio'ōpio i ka protein holoholona. No laila, e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hānai no ka moa broiler, pono nō hoʻi ia i ka nui o ka protein i ka wā ulu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kaʻaila i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, ke kīkī kīwī, ke koko a me ka ʻawa a me ka ʻawaʻai i ka ʻai.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ulu nā moa i ka pipi, ʻona lākou mai ko lākou mau lima. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea ʻino i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī (nā wāwae o nā manu, elytra o nā pīpī).

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kāne mai ka wahine

A hiki i 4 mahina, hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kāne Keklik a me kahi wahine. I nā mahina 4, e mākaʻikaʻi nui nā kāne, a puka mai kahi wahi ʻulaʻula ma ka metatarsus - kahi e hū ai ka spurts. I nā 5 mahina, e loli iki ka kala. I nā kāne, ʻike ʻia nā pūlima he 11 ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma nā wāhine, 9–10.

Inā like like ke kāne ma ke ʻano wahine, pono ia e ʻoki ʻia mai ka nui o ka bipi. He manu luakui kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hua. Akā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ia e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka manu i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā kāne o kēia wā.

Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona kula

ʻO ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona ua like ia me kahi kekona hina, akā ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO ka kala ʻili-hina i ka pono, ʻo ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ke kino a me nā kaula palaki i nā ʻaoʻao i hana ʻia ai ka manu i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā kuʻekuʻe o nā kuahiwi. Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka hapanui o kona ola i loko o nā pānaʻi a mālama ʻia i ʻelua mau manawa i ka wā hānau. Mahele ʻia ka ʻike ma waena o nā ʻili kūleʻa e paʻakikī ai e kamaʻilio ma waena o nā hipa a me kēlā me kēia kanaka, a no laila ke kumu kiko o ke kamaʻilio ʻana he mau leo ​​leo, a ma laila ʻo ke ʻano nui ka inoa o ke ʻano he-kelik. I ka pūnāwai, ke kamaʻilio kūkākūkā nei lākou, ke kamaʻilio leo ʻoluʻolu nei ia e hiki ke lohe ʻia ma kahi mamao e ʻoi aku ai ma mua o 20 m. Mahea kahi nui o nā kīʻaha, e hiki ke lohe ʻia ko lākou leo ​​i nā lā a pau. I ka manawa ulu wale nō a me ka manawa mua o ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōpio ua noho mālie lākou.

I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pōʻino, lele koke lākou i ka papahele a i ʻole a lele i loko, i kekahi mau mea peʻe lākou. Hōʻele ka manu lele i nā ʻōpala a nā kihi o nā pali kahaki. Holo pinepine i ka papa kahihi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka holo inā lilo ia i mea koke i ka lalo o ka puʻu a i pakele paha mai ka pilikia ʻōlohelohe. Lawe ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao, ka lele ʻana i ka manu i ka holo koke. Hoʻomaka ʻo Takeoff me nā leaka pinepine, kahi e lele me nā lele ma luna o nā ʻēheu i holo ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka mamao o ka like ʻo Kekliks e lele mai luna mai luna o ka mauna ma kahi o 2 km (Popov, 1960).

Ke neʻe nei lākou me ka paʻakikī i ka hau a me ka hohonu o ka hau a me ka hoʻoilo hau hoʻoilo lākou e lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā predator.I nā wahi a lākou e alualu ʻia ai, mālama pono nā kālai, akā inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia, noho pinepine lākou i ka pili kokoke i ke kanaka.

ʻAi lākou i ka ʻāina, ʻai nui i ka meaʻai kanu a, i ka ʻoi aku o nā holoholona invertebrate. I nā hihia ākea ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama iā lākou i nā lāʻau. Nui a nā ʻāpana o ka huki ʻohi. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai i hopu mua ʻia e ka beak, a laila hele mai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana o lalo o nā mea kanu manu ma kahi ehi ana o ka papa. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i ka hohonu o ka lepo ma ke ʻano he nui, ʻo ka wā e huki ʻia nā mea nui i nā ʻāpana, hana pū me ka beak i ka lepo, nā pihi kūloko he 8-10 cm ka hohonu.

ʻO ka mea nui nui i ke ola o nā Kekliks e kanu ana i nā wahi, kahi a lākou e hoʻohana ai i Iulai a me Kepakemapa. Holoi pinepine nā kipa i nā kūlana i ka wā a me ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ka pūnāwai, i ka nui o nā lāʻau uliuli i nā meaʻai, ʻike pinepine nā manu i ka wai, a i ka hoʻoilo, hana lākou me ka wai ʻole, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hau.

ʻĀnō a me nā ana

ʻAno nā ʻēheu, puni, ʻūhū o ka lōʻihi o ka lūlū, ka liʻuliʻu. ʻOkoʻa nā kamaliʻi ma nā wahine ma mua o ka hele ʻana o nā spurs. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manaʻo o 329 mullet i hōʻea i ka hema ma Kazakhstan, i ukali ʻia e ka wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wahine, hōʻike ʻia mai nā 191 kāne, ʻoi aku ka wahine i ka wahine ma mua o 187 mau kānaka (97.8%) a he 4 wale nō mau manu me nā manu. Ma ka manawa like, ma waho o 138 mau wahine, no ka hala ʻole o nā spurs, ua hoʻokomo pono ka papa i loko o nā manu 125 (90.6%), a me nā manu he 13 me ʻole ka spurs i mau kāne. Ma waena o nā 56 wahine wahine makua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēia ʻike, ua loaʻa nā spurs i loko o 10, a ma 7 he mau mea i ʻike ʻia ma hoʻokahi wale nō nā wāwae.

ʻO ka loa ʻēheu o nā kāne he 152-117, nā wahine he 142-162. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi a nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻo 80-90, metatarsals 43-47. ʻO ka lehulehu o nā kāne he 450-700, nā wahine 360-550.

Hoʻololi

ʻAʻole loaʻa i kahi chamomile i nā mea loloa nani o ka makahiki. Aia i nā keiki hānai mau keiki he 2 mau lā, ʻikea nā ʻōpuna o 7 mau wai piha kai nui (he ʻōpala o ka lele mua 9 ka mea, e pili ana me ka pākeke, ʻike ʻia nā koena o ka wahine puʻu, ulu ulu a me nā hulu mua o ka lole o ka pākeke. ). I ka lā 6 o ke ola, e hoʻomaka ana nā kaupaona o nā ʻelele mua o ka lele ʻana. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā peʻa o nā hulu o ka huelo. I ka wā he 4 mau pule mua, lele, ka huluhulu a me nā huluhulu ma luna o kahi ʻāpana nui o ke kino e ulu ikaika ai. Ma ka hopena o ka 4 wiki, ua mālama ʻia ka lole o ka downy wale ma ke poʻo, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū - ua hoʻololi koke ʻia ia e nā hulu o ka lole papau, e hoʻopiʻi i ke ʻano o ka plumage juvenile.

I nā manu pākeke, hōʻike hōʻike ʻia ke kauwela-kauwela molt, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 4-1 mau malama. Aia ke kauā i ka manawa e komo i ka incubation. ʻO nā poʻe e komo ʻole i loko a i ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​masonry i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā ʻohana a hoʻomaka e hoʻoheheʻe. Hoʻomaka nā manu hānai ʻia i ka lā 15 mau lā ma hope o ka hatching. Ma ka waena waena o ka ʻōpū o lākou i ka laulā o ka hemp, a ma hope o kekahi mau lā ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, ke kua a me ka umauma. I ka manawa like, molting o ka lele a me nā hoʻokele i loko. Hoʻonohonoho ka moho maʻamau i ka mamao mamao mai ka lā 1 a i ka 10. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka nui o ka flyworms ma lalo o ka 1. Loaʻa nā kuʻuna pilikino i ke kāʻili ʻana o nā hulu manu-he liʻiliʻi - hiki i ke hoʻololi ʻana o nā hulu i hoʻomaka me nā ʻano ʻoi mua o 4 mau māla.

No laila, ma waena o 19 mau kanaka mai Dzhungarskiy Alatau, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻololi o nā lele lele lua mai ka 1st a i ʻole i ka hulu 1st a me ka 2 ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka 2 mau kanaka (10.5%), mai ka 2 a i ʻole mai ka 2 a i ʻole i 6 (31.5%), mai ka helu 3 a i ʻole 4 - i 3 mau kanaka (15.8%). Ma nā manu 8, ua lilo nā hulu i nā lālā he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻonohonoho pono i kahi kao. Ma 5 mau kanaka (26.4%) ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka 2, ka 3 a me ka 4 he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, a ma 3 mau kanaka (15.8%) ka 1, 2 a me 3 ka lōʻihi loa. Kaʻai ʻana o ka mau ʻōiwi pōkā hapa kūpono e hele mai nei ma hope. ʻOi aku ka pinepine ma ka 10 o peni, akā i kekahi manawa mai ka 9 a i hele aku, e like me ke kānāwai, ma 2 kuhikuhi - distal a me proximal.

Kahi ʻia nā hihia o kekahi mau molule ana o ka hulu poʻohiwi poʻohiwi. Ma ka holo nui, ua nui nā manawa he nui ʻole i koe i loko o ka mōlia o nā manu makua. I ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai, aia kekahi kanaka e waiho ai i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻala hoʻi i ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua (Dementiev, 1952, Kartashev, 1952, Kuzmina, 1955). I nā mauna Chu-Ili, i Pepeluali, mai 50 mau loiloi i ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka molting ma 5, a i ʻApelila hoʻi ma ka 28 mau manu mai ka 40 (70%) a ʻo ke ʻano o kēia molting e kūleʻa ʻole (Kuzmina, 1955).

Nā hiʻohiʻona Peculiar a i kahi noho maʻamau

Keklik - manu liʻiliʻi inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Kūpaʻa kekahi pākeke mai 300 a 800 g, me ke kino lōʻihi o 35 cm a me nā eheu e pili ana iā 50 cm.

ʻO kahi kīʻaha Asia, ʻo nā mea maʻamau o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana, he wahi momona loa o ka pāuna hina hina-ocher. Mai ke kikowaena o ka beakiki ʻulaʻula nui ma waena o nā maka e hele mai ana kahi lipi ʻeleʻele e pili kokoke ana i ka ʻāʻī, hana i kahi lei. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka plumage i loko o kēia apo lahilahi ma mua o ke koena o ka plumage, ka ʻoni o ka waiū i kālua ʻia.

Hōʻike, ʻili, ka ʻōpū, ke kua - hina-beige, i kekahi manawa me ka hii pinkish iki. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke kīʻaha i kahi kukui, ʻokoʻa hoʻi keʻokeʻo, me nā palahalaha ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopili ʻia nā maka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi i nā ʻōuli ulaula - e hoʻopau kēia i ka nānā ʻole ʻāpana hōʻike.

ʻO ka kiʻi ʻia he manu Keklik a i ʻole he ʻāpana pōhaku

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahine i ka nui a ʻaʻohe nā spurs i ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻO kēia mau manu i 26 mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa ka mea ʻokoʻa ma ka noho a ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu.

Noho ʻo Kekliks i Central Asia, Altai, nā mauna Caucasus, nā Balkans, nā Himalaya, a me China ʻĀkau. Hoʻokahi chub ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kuahiwi kuahiwi me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, a hiki ke kū aʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 4500 m ma mua o ke kai.

ʻO keʻano a me ke ala o ke ola

Kekliki alakaʻi i kahi ola maʻalahi, e neʻe lō ana i luna a ʻoi paha i lalo e like me ka manawa. E like me nā moa, ʻaʻole makemake ka partridges e lele nui, ʻoiai e ʻike lākou i ke ʻano maoli.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lele ʻana o kahi kīʻaha ma o ka loli ʻana o nā ʻēheu e lele ana a me nā manawa pōkole o ka piʻi ʻana, no laila hiki i ka manu ke uhi ʻia ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 km. Inā paha he pilikia i ke ʻano o ka lālā a i ʻole he pōhaku ma ke ala o Keklik, e lele nō ia ma luna o ia, akā, ʻaʻole e lele.

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Keklik e lele a leʻa aku iā ia i ka ʻenemi

Ke hopohopo nei, pilikia nā kīʻaha e holo, maʻa i ka puʻu, a laila inā loaʻa kahi pilikia e hoʻopau wale nō lākou. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i kahi keklik e lele ana ma luna o ka ʻāina.

He mea kamaʻilio mau nā ʻāpana pōhaku. Ka leo a Keklik, Ma nā wahi a lākou e noho ai, lohe ʻia mai ka wanaʻao, i ka wā e hana ai nā manu i ke ʻano o ke kelepona ʻana, e kamaʻilio pū ai me ko lākou ʻano like ʻole.

Hoʻohana lākou i ka lā kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, ke kali nei no ka wela ʻana i ka lā ma loko o nā mānoanoa puʻu a lawe i ka ʻauʻau kauā e hoʻohemo ai i nā lolo. Noho ʻo Kekliki i ke āpau o ka ʻala, ka maka ʻana i nā pali maʻa e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai a ma kahi e inu ai, ʻoiai e kamaʻilio pinepine ana me ko lākou poʻe hoahānau me ka leo nui, ke kīʻaha pū ʻana.

ʻĀina kalepa

He ʻano like me ka ʻano o ka ʻano like o ka ʻano like ʻole o ka nui o nā wahi o ka plumage a he mea ʻole i ka nui holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā 15 subspecies i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻāina o USSR, 6 (Stepanyan, 1975) A. k. kurdestanica Meinertzhagen, 1923 ua kahele ʻia ma ka Main Caucasian Range, ma Transcaucasia a me Talysh. A. k. ʻo shestoperovi Sushkin, 1927, ʻoi aku ka ʻoniʻoni ma mua o ka puka ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia mai ke kahakai hikina o ka ʻaoʻao Caspian ma ka hikina. ʻO Gyaz-Gedyk, ʻākau i ke kūleʻa Mangyshlak a ma ke kūkulu hema i ka palena o ka'āina o USSR. A. k. Zekudny, ka makahiki 194, e pālahalaha hikina i ka puka mua ma ke kuahiwi Kugitang a me Baysunsky.

Nā helu kumuhana A. k. kakelik (Falk, 1786) (A. k. falki Hartert, 1917 - a synony no ka inoa nominative, - R.P.) noho i ka ʻōhua Pamir-Alai (koe wale nō iā Badakhshan hema) a me Tien Shan. A. k. pallescens Hume, 1873, ʻulaʻula a hāwau ka ʻoniʻula, noho i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Badakhshan ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai kahawai. Vākana. A. k. dzungarica Sushkin, 1927 is died in Dzungarian Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, Western and Southern Altai, Western Tannu-Ola. Ma nā palena palena, hoʻohui ʻia nā subspecies.

Kahele

ʻO ka māhele o ka ʻāpana Keklik e ākea loa - mai ka Balkan Penkane, nā mokupuni o ke kai ʻo Aegean, Crete a me Asia Minor i hele aku i Altai a me Kina hope. E holo ana ka palena akau ma ka mauna ʻo Rhodope, ke kahakai hema o ka ʻeleʻeleʻele, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao kia ma ka ʻaoʻao o Main Caucasian, ʻo Mangyshlak Peninsula, ʻĀlau Honu o Ustyurt, ʻoki. ʻO Kara-tau, nā kahe ʻākau o nā mauna Tien Shan a me Chu-Ili, Dzungarian Alatau, Tarbagatay, Saur, Southern Altai, Western Tannu-Ola, Hangai, ridge. Hurhu. E holo ana ka palena hema ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke kahawai o Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, ke kūkulu hema o ka Middle East, ma hema o Iran, Pakistan, ʻĀina ʻĀina, a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o nā panalāʻau o Kina - Sichuan a me Shanxi.

Kiʻi 12. Nā Chamomile pae

Ma loko o ka USSR, ua lawe ʻia ka chamomile ma ka Pihi Maokaʻo Main, ma Transcaucasia (me Talysh), ma ke komohana a me ke kikowaena Kopetdag, ʻo Bolshoi Balkhany, ʻo Uzboy komohana, a me ke ala Ustyurt, ma ka Pihi Mangyshlak, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā Kihi Ukaʻu a me, hiki paha ma ke kahawai o ka papa kiʻekiʻe. Nā wai ʻo Tedjen lāua ʻo Murghab Noho i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o ka wao nahele ʻo Kyzylkum (Aristanbeltau, Kuygentau, Aktau, Tohtatau), nā kuahiwi o Khoja Baba, Baysuntau. Noho i nā mauna Pamir-Alai (koe wale nō ʻo Pamir Highlands, ʻike: Potapov, 1966), nā ʻōnaehana Tien Shan, nā puʻu Chu-Ili, nā Dzungarian Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, Western a me Altai Hema, ʻO Tannu-Ola.

Kiʻi 13. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Keklik ma USSR
1 - Nā lāliʻi kakelik Alectoris, 2 - A. k. laptevi, 3 - A. k. shestoperovi, 4 - A. k. kakelik, 5 - A. k. o na pallescens, 6 - A. k. dzungarica. (ʻO ka māka nīnau he hōʻike hōʻike anecdotal i loaʻa.)

ʻO ka palena ʻākau a me ke komohana ʻākau o ka ʻāina ke hoʻomaopopo ʻole i ka ʻike. Aia nā hanana o kēia ʻano i ke kahakai komohana o ke kai Aral ma hema o Keratamak (hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Burachek i ka lā 21 IV 1924, col. ZIN o ka USSR Academy of Science) a me nā Sayans (nā kolamu o A. Ya. Tugarinov mai 24 IX 1908 ma ke kauhale ʻo Turbota, 30 km mai ka muliwai. Kemchik, hōʻiliʻili o S. I. Snigirevsky mai ka muliwai Abakan III 1936, col. ZIN, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o USSR). Aia kekahi mau kope mai nā keʻena kūʻai mai ʻo Abakan ma Ianuali-ʻApelila 1936, e hiki mai ana ma hope mai o Tannu-Ola. Aia a hiki i kēia wā, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka nīnau o ka noho ʻana o ka Keklik ma Mugodzhary (Zarudny, 1888), ʻo Ulutau (Pavlov, 1934) ma Semipalatinsk a ma Semeytau (Khakhlov, Selevin, 1928).

Kiʻi ʻia i nā mauna ʻo Crimea.

Hoʻoilo

ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka wā paʻakikī i ke ola o nā kīʻaha. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau hohonu e hoʻopau i ka neʻe o nā manu a hōʻemi nui i ka wahi o ka ʻāina forage. Ke hele nei i ka hoʻoilo, kau ka nui ma luna o ke kuamoʻo 43-51 g no ka cm cm no ka Keklik, ma muli o ke kumu e komo nui ai ka manu (Kuzmina, 1955). I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, ua koi ʻia nā manu e neʻe i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kūkulu hema, kahi e hohonu ai ka uhi o ka hau ma nā wahi āpau e hoʻopuke koke ʻia i nā wahi. ʻO nā hoʻoheheʻe pinepine me nā waika lōʻihi e alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o nā muffins mai kahi hōkū. I kekahi manawa, ma lalo o ia mau ʻano, ua ʻike ʻia kahi neʻe o nā kīʻaha mai nā mauna a i nā awāwa. Inā ʻaʻole paʻakikī nui ka hoʻoilo, a laila makemake nui nā kīʻaha e noho ma nā wahi like. Ke kuhi nei, ma ka mauna Chulak (Kazakhstan), i ka hoʻoilo, 128 ka mau manu e hoʻopili ʻia ma nā wahi ʻai, a ua hopu ʻia nā 15 ma hope o ka lā 2-10 mau lā, 13 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hopu ʻia paha ma hope o 62-422 mau lā, a he 2 wale nō i neʻe ma ka lōʻihi o 300 a me 1 500 m. ʻO ke hōʻailona ʻana i nā manu i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā manu ma waena o nā ʻohana like ʻole.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua iho mai ke ola o ka chamomile i ka ʻai. Ma ke anuanu wale nō a ʻike ʻia ka lā e ʻike ʻia e noho wāwae ʻole ana ma luna o nā pōhaku. ʻOiai i ka wī i ke aniani mai nā wahi e hoʻowalewale ʻia ai nā leo o nā kīʻaha kīnā.ʻO ka kelepona ʻōwili e maʻamau i kekahi mau minuke. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ʻohana a hoʻomaka nā manu e lele i ka wāwae o nā pali a ma lalo o nā kuʻi, kahi ma kahi me ka lewa o ka hau. Kēia ʻānai nā manu i ka hapa o ka lā. I ke ahiahi kū ala lākou i nā wahi e kau ai ka pō, aia ma lalo o nā kahawai o nā pali a i ʻole ma ke kihi o nā lāʻau. ʻO kekahi manawa, i ka hoʻoilo holoʻokoʻa, e hiamoe ana ka ʻohana ma kahi like, i uhi ʻia i ka papapa mānoanoa. ʻAʻole waiho kekahi mau hipa i nā pūnaewele 200-300 m ka nui i ka lā, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ka wai wai i ka hoʻoilo, akā ma ka manawa kūpono, ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka pono o ka wai e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hau. Ua kali ʻoi kaʻe ma ka pua i ka pōkole ai lalo o nā pani o nā pōhaku. I nā hihia no ka manawa lohi, hiki iā lākou ke pololi no nā lā 2-3. Ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe e ʻai nui ai a hiki i ka hau e uhi ai i nā wahi ākea o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi moʻolelo hoihoi e R. G. Pfeffer, ka mea i mālama i ka hoʻoilo i ka makahiki 1974/1975, ʻo ia ka kū kaʻawale. ma ka Pūnaewele ʻAmelika-ʻAmium, ma hope o kahi hipa liʻiliʻi o nā manu 10-15, hanaʻai mau i ka lā i ke wāwae o ka pāho i waena o nā pā maloʻo o ka tatarnik. Eia, he kahua 15X15 m ma lalo o kahi papa o ka hau i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me nā kaʻe, a i kekahi manawa ke hoʻokokoke ʻia nei e pono e hoʻoweliweli i nā manu i lawe ʻia mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Wahi a R. G. Pfeffer, ua hana nā kīʻī i nā paukū i ka hau ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua tatarn.

I ka hopena o Pepeluali, i ka wā e ʻike nui ai nā pūnaewele i ka hau, ua pau nā chummons e loaʻa i nā ʻohana nui (i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo 100-150 mau manu ua faapili ʻia i nā wahi hānai) a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki e hoʻomaka lākou e wāwahi i ʻelua.

Hoʻaiho

ʻO Keklik kahi manu ākea pali o ka wāwae anue, semi-wao a me nā wahi neoneo o ka Palearctic. ʻO kona ākea pālahalaha i nā wahi i ʻokoʻa nui i ka hoʻomaha, nā kūlana climatic a me nā mea kanu, kahi e hoʻākāka nei i ka plasticity o ka hoʻokuu Ma loko o USSR, e noho ana ia i nā wahi mai nā pāpū ʻo Turkmenistan, kahi e noho ai ʻo ia ma nā pali o nā puʻu lepo (Dementiev, 1952), a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā Pamir ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 4,000 m ma luna o ke kai. m. (Stepanyan, 1969). ʻO nā mea maʻamau a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kīʻaha ma ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 500–2,000 m ma luna o ke kai. m.Panalake ma ka alpine zone i ike ole ia. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka ʻōpū o nā kuahiwi haʻahaʻa e loaʻa ana i nā wao a me nā ʻūhā, a me ke ala lāʻau, me nā ʻāpana ala, a me nā ʻāpana subalpine o nā kuahiwi nui.

Me nā ʻano heʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ʻo Keklik i nā gorges me nā palahalaha pōhaku a me nā palahalaha kahi e pili ana i ka uluna pōhaku me nā grassy hāmama, i kekahi manawa ua ulu ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi e ke kahe ʻana o nā wahi wai (nā kahawai kuahiwi, nā kahawai, nā pūnāwai), i nā hanana kūʻokoʻa loa, hiki i nā manu ke hoʻohana i ka wai ʻawaʻawa. Ma kekahi mau wahi, loaʻa nā kīʻaha i nā kūlana kūʻokoʻa - no ka laʻana, i nā pāpū ma waena o nā pāpū ma kahi mamao loa mai nā mauna kokoke loa (Serzhpinsky, 1925, Molchanov, 1932, Schnitnikov, 1949, Ishadov, 1970).

Ma Caucasus, noho ʻo Keklik i nā ʻano biotopes mai nā puʻu maloʻo o nā kuahiwi a me nā ana heʻe a hiki i 3,500 m ma luna o ke kai. m., ma kahi i noho ai ʻo ia ma nā wahi i kahi kokoke i nā glacier (Satunin, 1907). Ma nā ʻāpana moku i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia o nā mauna, e iho ane loa ana i ka pāpū, kahi i loaʻa ai i kahi ʻaluna ma waena o nā māla me ka turuch. Eia nō naʻe, makemake iki kēia ʻūlū i nā kahe o nā ʻalupāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​gorges o nā kahawai mauna me nā puʻu pōhaku a me ka talus, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kahi kanu xerophytic. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noho ʻana i nā ʻulā o nā kahawai ʻākau me ka ulu lāʻau juniper sparse, pale aku, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wahi o nā mea kanu.

Ma Kopetdag, noho ʻo Keklik i nā puʻu liʻiliʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 500-600 m, i kekahi manawa e piʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pulu (2,000 m ma luna o ke kai o ka pae), akā e pili ana i nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā wahi wai. Ma ka palena o ka ʻāpana e kau ʻia ma aneʻi i loko o ka semi-wao wormwood-ephemeral, a pili nā mea kiʻekiʻe me nā wahi o ka mauna xerophytes. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nō ka chamomile ma waena o nā mea kanu kanu, e pālahalaha mai nā kahawai o nā mauna i kā lākou pihi - i loko o nā kumulāʻau, nā lāʻau palakala o nā tragacanth astragalus, nā mea kanu e ulu ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā pōhaku, ma waena o nā māla puaʻa, nā ʻeleʻele a me nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu (Fedorov, 1949). Noho lā i loko o nā kahawai kahe ʻākoʻa o Uzboy ma nā wahi o nā loko hou, kahi i loaʻa ai i waena o saxaul a me ke one acacia (Molchanov, 1932).

Ke hele nei ʻo Keklik i nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma USSR ma Badakhshan. Ma ke awāwa ʻo Shahdara, ʻo ka palena o kona māhele e keʻa aku nei ma nā kiʻekiʻe he 4,000 m ma luna o ke kai. Kek ka mea i loaʻa ma ka pili o ka muliwai moka, akā heʻuʻuku kona nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe he 2,300–2,600 m ma luna o ke kai. Ma kēia mau kūlana alpine, alakaʻi ka manu i kahi ola ulu maluhia a noho i ka wā lawaiʻa a i ka hoʻoilo ma ka pā pōhaku a me nā Moraines ma waena o scree (Stepanyan, 1969).

Ma Tien Shan, ʻo ka palena o ka palena hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka chamomile e kau ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 300 m, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe e piʻi ana he 3,600 m ma luna o ke kai. m. Noho kēia nā manu e noho, e hana wale i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi. Noho ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻōlelo mākaʻi e ka xerophytic forbs a me nā hua pua ʻona (cherries, cotoneaster, honeysuckle, ephedra). Ma nā kuahiwi nui, ua loaʻa nā kekliks mai ka wāwae o ka piʻi a hiki i 3,600 m, a ma ka pali ʻo Kyrgyz ma kahi liʻiliʻi he nui i loaʻa i nā ʻīlio mau loa (Spangenberg, Sudilovskaya, 1959), akā ua nalo, eia nō ka syrty, ma ka pāpū o Lake. ʻO Sonkol a me nā awāwa mauna kiʻekiʻe o ke Central Tien Shan (Yanushevich et al., 1959).

Ma ka Kyrgyz Alatau, ʻike ʻo Keklik i nā kaʻe pua nani, a i nā kihi o nā nahele ulu a me ka ulu ʻana, ma waena o nā pali a me nā talus. I ka wā lulu, loaʻa pinepine nā ʻohana ma nā mea kanu ma nā puʻu o nā kuahiwi a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai wai. Ma Talas Alatau, ola ia mai ke kāʻei moʻomeheu a hiki i ka subalpine (1,000-3,000 m ma mua o ke kai. Noho ka noho ma lalo o nā palahalulu maloʻo me nā mea kanu maikaʻi a me nā ulu lāʻau liuliu. ʻO ka maʻamau ma ka ulu lāʻau juniper. ʻO kekahi mau mea hūnā ma ka wāwae o nā mauna i nā wahi i ʻole o nā pōhaku i hōʻea i nā mea kanu o ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano anuʻu (Kovshar, 1966).

Ma Zeravshan, ʻo Turkestan a me Gissar ka mea e noho ana i nā pali iʻa me nā lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā neʻe i luna o nā pali a me ka talus, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka hapa o nā lā he nui. ʻO ka palena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe ma waena o kēia mau umeke he 1,200-3,500 m ma luna o ke kai. m

Ma nā kuamoʻo o Dzungarian Alatau, ʻoi aku ka nui o Keklik i nā kiʻekiʻe o 500-1-100 mau kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke kai. m., ma kahi i noho ai ka wao nahele, steppe and forest-meadow-me-steppe zone. Loaʻa ʻia ma nā helu he nui ma ke komohana komohana (Mount Chulak a me Malay-Sary), e pili ana i ka wao nahele. Noho kona i nā puʻu pōhaku me nā ʻōpala ākea a me nā ʻalā o nā mea kanu lau, a me nā mea kanu o ka mullein, ephedra, meadowsweet, nā hens o lanceolate a me hawthorn.

Ma ka puʻu kuahiwi ʻo Malay-Sary, noho ʻo Keklik i kahi mauʻu gali ka nui i ka pali, kahi no ka lulu ʻana i nā hua ʻai. Ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hānai nā manu i ka ʻai o ke koena. I ka hr. E piʻi ʻo Altyn-Emel Keklik i ke kiʻekiʻe he 2,000 m ma mua o ke kai. m., aia kahi loea i kekahi ʻano pili ʻākau a hōʻike ʻia e nā lāʻau hoʻopunipuni, ka māla ʻana ma ka muliwai he urea ʻōpala o nā pōkā, nā ʻōpala a me nā kumulāʻau manu manu. Aia ma ke kahawai he mau wahi me ka uhi mau i nā uhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kekahi helu nui o nā manu a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e helu ana i nā helu ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kuahiwi nui a hiki i 2,000 m ma mua o ke kai. m. Maanei, ʻike nā manu i nā kūlana kūpono loa no ke ola ʻana.

Hoʻopaʻa o ka lā, hana

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā iā Keklik i nā manawa 2 - ke ao a me ka pō. I ka wā o ke ao, ua ikaika nui nā manu i nā kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. ʻO ke kauwela me ka hoʻouluʻana o ka lā, ʻike pinepine nā kīʻaha i ka hānai, a i nā hola wela o ka lā hoʻomaha lākou i ka malu o nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​pōhaku. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu o ke ahiahi, e hoʻonui hou ka hana a me ka hānai ʻana, piʻi pinepine lākou i nā ʻaoʻao o luna o nā ala, kahi lākou e moe ai i ka pō. Hoʻopau nui loa ka ua i ka hana a nā manu, a kali lākou no ka lāʻau, a me ka pau ʻana o ka ua ʻai lākou ma kahi o kēia mau wahi.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o nā kīʻaha i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hopena mua o ka wā maʻamau he mau kipa maʻamau e hoʻohāinu i nā wahi. I ke kakahiaka, iho mai nā hipa i nā wai a me nā kahawai, e hōʻalo pinepine ana i ka mamao ma waena o ka lewa. ʻO nā wahi o nā waipuna e wehe i nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai o nā muliwai, nā pūnāwai, a i ʻole talus e iho ana i ka wai. I nā lā wela, hele pinepine lākou i kahi hoʻomaha i nā lāʻau e kokoke ana i ka lua wai, kahi e ʻauʻau ai lākou i ka ʻauwū lepo e like me nā ʻōpala nalo me ka ʻole o ka lako.

ʻO Kekliks nā manu ākea a hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki i nā ʻupena. I ka manawa ulu wale nō, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole pau ka hana ma ka papa. I ka pau ʻana o ka male, ua hui pū nā kānaka ʻaʻole i komo i ke kīpē o nā limu a me ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio i nā kula. Ma hope o ka haki ʻana, noho nā lālā i nā ʻohana hūnā ʻia, a hui pū paha i nā hipa nui, ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole like ia i nā ʻano nui. No ka laʻana, i ka hopena o ʻAukake a me ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemaka, loaʻa pinepine nā hipa a he 100 mau kānaka i ka poʻe e hūnā ʻia ma nā wahi e mālama ai i nā pali o nā kuahiwi a me nā lalo o nā puʻu, akā hūnā. ʻO nā palahalaha o nā manu makua, kaawale i Iune a me ka wahine o ka wahine i nalowale i ka pili, a me nā kāne i komo ʻole i ka hatching, e ʻae wale i ka puna e hiki mai ana, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hopu ʻana i nā manu i ʻae ʻia. I kēlā mau ʻohana, ʻokoʻa pinepine ma mua o 8-12 mau kanaka.

Hoʻāla manaʻo

ʻO Keklik, he ʻokoʻa na ka momona a me nā huaʻai, loaʻa i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani e hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā hoalauna a me nā hoaaloha. He manu ʻē aʻe ka pīhoihoi a manu e mālama i ka mālama ʻana, a mālama a hānai i kēia mau kūmaha ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka manu ʻua a i ʻole ka guinea fowl. Ke kūaniani nei kēia ala no nā puʻu, e like paha me ka like ʻana o ka mea nāna e hana i ka moa moa e lanakila ʻia ma ka kīwī.

ʻO ka waiwai waiwai, pale

Ke kāohi nei no nā kīʻaha ma nā kuahiwi o nā pūkāwi o Kaukau, ʻĀsia ʻAulopa a me Kahastan ua kaulana loa. I nā makahiki 30. o kēia kenekulia o kēia manawa, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili kalepa ʻana o kēia ʻano waiwai o ke ʻano pāʻani, i komo i ka ʻona ʻaʻole wale nō i nā mākeke ʻē aʻe. ʻO loko wale nō ma ka waihona hoʻoiho o Leningrad i 1927-1919. 166,7 kau mau tausani i hala (13.6% o ka nui o ka pāʻani i hoʻoiho ʻia ma laila), i ka hoʻoilo o ka makahiki - 198.1 mau ʻokoʻa (17,9%) a me nā wīwī hou - ʻoi aku ʻo 70 mau tausani i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o nā manu i ka hoʻoilo (1930–1931). ) nee i ka 233.2 tausani (Rudanovsky, Nasimovich, 1933, - i ʻōlelo ʻia e Grachev, 1983). E like me ka ʻike ʻole piha ʻana, Keklik i 1962-1963. noho ka lua ma ka noho ʻana ma Kazakhstan ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā miniona, a ma 1965 - ka mua.

I nā wā hopu he 1962-1919. mai 16 a 53 tausani mau ʻāpana mau mined i kēlā me kēia makahiki (Kondratenko, Smirnov, 1973). I nā makahiki "hua nui", lilo ka chamomile i ke ʻano nui o ka pāʻani mauna i hopu ʻia i nā republics o Central Asia a me Kazakhstan a loaʻa ke kaupaona nui i ka nui o nā manu hahai manu. Hoʻopau ʻia nā pahola hoʻolālā ʻia i kēia manawa. Nui nā ʻano hana hana ʻole i wehewehe ʻia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka puke (Buturlin, 1932, Naumov, 1931, Popov, 1956) i nalowale i ka waiwai a ʻaʻole i pili ʻia ma muli o ka hōʻino nui o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka laina nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chamomile i kēia manawa i ka hoʻoʻau manu hāmeʻa.

Ka lua o ka malama o Nowemapa - ka hapa mua o Dekemaba, i ka nui o ka nui o nā manu (ʻo nā kāne ʻelima 613 g, nā wahine makua 504, nā kāne ʻōpio a me 553 a me 475 g, ma ia mau mea) e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hopu manu ʻana.

ʻO ke ʻano manuahi manuahi o Keklik e hāpai i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o nā makahiki makemake ʻia a ʻo ka mea nui hoʻi, ka wikiwiki o ka nui o nā holoholona ma hope o ka make ʻana. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka manaʻo o ke koʻikoʻi o Keklik e like me kekahi o nā kahua hopu manu nui ma nā kuahiwi o ka ʻaoʻao hema o US US, pono e makaʻala loa kekahi. Hoʻopiʻi kēia i ka hana ʻana i nā helu kūhelu mau, nā hana ʻoihana biotechnological i ka wā o ka nui o ka hau ma ka hau (he nui ka hānai) a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka hopu ʻana no nā liʻiliʻi he 3 mau makahiki ma hope o ka luhiluhi.

ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o nā kīʻaha ma ka home

ʻO Keklik kahi maoli ma mua o ka moa moa home. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i nā moa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā māla he nui Keklik puaʻa. ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hui nā partridges me nā manu ʻē aʻe: ʻo kekahi o nā moa a i ʻole pheasant e hoʻomaka i ka hou aku i kekahi.

Hele ikaika ʻo Kekliks me ka poʻe. ʻAʻole lākou e nānā ʻia. Mālama ʻia nā partridges no ka leʻaleʻa: e hoʻonaninani lākou i nā hale a hakakā paha i nā ʻanuʻu manu. Ma Tajikistan, hiki iā Keklik ke lilo i waiwai no kahi kauhale holoʻokoʻa!

ʻO ka hapanui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kīpē ma ka hale kī, ʻaʻole noho ka wahine ma nā hua. Hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia nā pua ma ke kōkua ʻana o kahi incubator wale nō. Ka hua manu Keklik no ka inkubation, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama e like me nā ʻekolu pule! I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i nā hua laikini kiʻekiʻe, me kaʻole.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua ʻai i loko o kahi incubator no 25 mau lā. ʻO kekahi manawa, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i nā kūlana o ka haʻahaʻa a me ke ea wela. Ma hope koke iho o ka hika ʻana, e hana hou ana nā moa, no laila ua kipa ʻia lākou i loko o kahi brooder kūikawā, kahi mālama ʻia o ke ana wela - ma kahi o 35 ° C.

He maʻalahi ia i nā kūlana ma ka brooder ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā partridges. No ka mea he maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano, makemake lākou e kaawale aku mai kekahi i kekahi. No laila, ʻo ke kūlana i ka wā e hoʻopili ai nā pipi i kēlā me kēia i kēia - pono ke ʻano o ka pipi nā moa, pono e hoʻāla i ka pāhana.

I ka wā e ulu ai a ulu aʻe, hoʻonohonoho pinepine nā kīʻī i nā hakakā. I mea e like me nā hanana o ka manu manu ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka pōʻino, pono ia e nānā i ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i nā moa: no 10 mau kānaka - he hapaha o ka mita square. Inā ʻae ʻia ka ʻāina, hiki i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ke mālama ʻia i hoʻokahi peni!

ʻO nā mea pio ʻōpiopio i hoʻonui ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana, e like me nā hoahānau manuahi ʻole, pono i kahi protein o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā holoholona. I nā papa hana, kahi hoʻohalahala ʻia nā manu no ke kumu o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana ma ke ʻano, hānai ʻia nā moa me nā mea hihiu: ʻo nā kime, nā kahuahi, a me nā ʻōpua.

Ma ka home a me nā mahiʻai manu. No laila, hoʻokomo i ka mea hānai moa i ka hānai pipi a me ka ʻaʻa ʻai i ka meaʻai. Hoʻolako ʻia nō e hānai i kēlā me kēia me nā mea inikua, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma mua o nā mea paʻakikī a pau: nā ʻēheu a me nā wāwae.

Holo manuahi Chamois

ʻO Kekliks e hopu nui ʻia ana me ke kōkua o nā nahele. ʻO ka huluhulu me kahi pū ka mea maʻamau. Hoʻokipa ka poʻe aloha pu me nā mea hoʻokele pana manu i kahi pale camouflage kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo chordak.

Hōʻawe ʻia ka mea hana i ka burlap, i ʻō ʻia ma nā lāʻau i kū ʻia. Hōʻalo ʻia nā pōleʻele ma ka pale, nā hulu o nā muffins, nā ʻili o nā pāʻani ʻē aʻe e pili ana. Kōkua ʻo Chordak i ka mea lawaiʻa e hoʻokokoke ai i nā kīʻaha me ka hiki. ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka polokalamu kaomi ʻimi ʻaʻole like no ka hilahila o nā kīʻaha.

Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo he mullet a partridge paha he manu kupaianaha. Nani ia, nani, mālama a akamai i ka ʻai. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kāna mau ʻano āpau e hoʻoholo i ke ala o ke ola a me ka ʻano, me ka ʻole o kēlā kanaka e hiki ke ola i ka kūlohelohe, ma kahi o nā mea kuhi, nā manu, nā kānaka, a me nā lā ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilikia nui.