Kahiki - he hōʻailona maikaʻi, a he sila honi paha me nā pepeiao ʻole, nā lālā o ka suborder pinniped. He mau mea kupanaha kēia: nā kāne momona momona me ke kau ʻana i nā noses, nā wahine maikaʻi e like mau nei e mau nei i ka lau, a me nā ʻīlio chubby hoihoi me ka makemake nui.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kuhi: Ke Kiʻi Elephant
ʻO ka sila o nā elephant kahi kai lawaiʻa hohonu, kahi hele lōʻihi, kahi holoholona hoʻi e wīwī ana no nā manawa lōʻihi. ʻAno nā elepana o ke kai a ʻokoʻa lākou, ʻākoakoa lākou i ka honua e hānau ai, male kāne a me nā molt, akā hoʻokahi wale nō lākou i loko o ke kai. Kau ʻia nā koi nui i ko lākou helehelena i hoʻomau i ko lākou lāhui. Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻo nā ʻīlio elephant nā keiki o ka dolphin a me kahi platypus a i ʻole he dolphin a koala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: he mea like ka elephant moana?
ʻO nā elepana kai he holoholona holoholona pili no ka ʻohana Phocidae. He ʻalani a he ʻula hoʻi ka hōʻailona elephand ʻākau, aʻo ka ʻĀpeka hema paha. He ʻano molting nui ka'ōpeka o ka hema, i kēia mau wahi nui o ka lauoho a me ka ʻili. Hiki i nā pua o nā mea ʻelua ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 6.5 mika (21 ft) a me ke kaupaona e pili ana iā 3,530 kg (7,780 paona) a ulu a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine i hiki i nā manawa he mau mika 3,5 m a kaupaona 900 kg.
Loaʻa nā kelima elima i nā wikiwiki o 23.2 km / h. ʻO ka pinniped nui he 33 nui ʻo ia ka hōʻailona eleu elepani. Hiki i nā moliki keʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau mika ka lōʻihi a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 4,5 tons. He helehelena ākea ka maka ākea o ke kai me nā maka nui. Hānau ʻia nā puʻupuʻu me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele, kahi e hoʻoloi i ka wā ma kahi o ka excommunication (28 mau lā), ke kahukaha ʻia e kahi ʻulaʻula kala, a ʻulaʻula. I ke kau ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki, e lilo ka pele i ka lole.
Hānau mua nā elepina wahine i ka makahiki he 4 paha, ʻoiai ka pae o ka pae mai 2 a 6 paha makahiki. Kuhi ʻia nā wahine wahine i ka wā ʻelemakule ma kona mau makahiki 6. He hiki i ka ʻōpekopa a ʻoi aku i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki he 4 paha makahiki, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka ulu o ka ihu. ʻO ka ihu he ʻano palekupa aʻo kekahi, e like me ka ʻumiʻumi o ke kāne, a hiki ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua hapa mika. Loaʻa nā mulona i ke ʻano kino i nā makahiki he 9. ʻO ka makahiki wīwī nui he 9-12 mau makahiki. Noho ke kime o nā elepani ʻākau ma waena o 9 mau makahiki, a ola nā elepani hema mai 20 a 22 mau makahiki.
Nalo nā kānaka i ka lauoho a me ka ʻili i ka manawa āpau, akā hele nā elepani i kahi molt catastrophic, i loko o ke kōpiha holoʻokoʻa o ka epidermis me nā lāʻau lauoho e pili pū i ka manawa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia molt koi ʻo ia i loko o ke kai e holo ai ka hapa o kā lākou manawa i ka wai anuanu, hohonu o ka wai. Ma ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, e hoʻoneʻe ke koko mai ka ʻili. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e hoʻomau i ka ikehu a ʻaʻole e nalowale i ka wela o ke kino. Hele mai nā holoholona i ka lepo i ka wā molting, no ka mea, i kēia hihia, hiki ke koko i ka holo ʻana ma o ka ʻili e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana i kahi papa o ka epidermis a me nā lauoho.
Aia i hea ka lālani ola?
Kiʻi ʻOi
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻelua o nā laulima elephant:
ʻIke ʻia nā kime elepani ʻākau ma ke Komohana ʻĀina Pika mai Baja Kaleponi, Mexico a hiki i ke Kaiāulu o Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. I ka wā ulu, noho lākou i nā kahakai i nā mokupuni kahakai a ma nā wahi ākea ma ka ʻāina nui. I ke koena o ka makahiki, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā manawa molting, noho nā kime elepana e noho mamao loa mai ke kapakai (a hiki i 8000 km), kaila kaomi ma kahi hohonu o ka 1,500 mika ma lalo o ka ihu o ke kai.
Holo aku nā kime elepani Hema (Mirounga leonina) i nā wai sub-Antartika a me ke anuanu Antartika. Holoʻi lākou a puni ka ʻāina Hema e kokoke ana i Antartika a ma nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomai ʻia ka lehulehu i nā mokupuni o Antipodes a me ka mokupuni o Campbell. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike pinepine lākou i nā mokupuni o Auckland, Antipodes a me Snares, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Chatham Islands a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻāina ʻāina ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa hele kipa nā elepani hema i nā kahakai o ka ʻāina o Aotearoa.
Ma ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka ʻāina i mau mahina he nui, e hāʻawi ana i nā poʻe i ka manawa e nānā i nā holoholona i noho maʻamau i nā wai subantarctic. ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki o kēlā mau holoholona moana hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea nani nui, a me nā mea ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
ʻOiaʻiʻo:ʻAʻole like ka hapanui o nā moʻo moana lawaiʻa (e like me nā kohola a me nā nīneke), ʻaʻole i piha ka elepani: ua haki lākou mai ka wai e hoʻomaha ai, molt, hoʻomāneʻa a hānau keiki i nā ʻili.
He aha kā ka ʻenekia i ʻai?
Kiʻi ʻoni: Wahine elephant wahine
ʻO nā ʻenekini kahakai. ʻO nā elepani Hema he poʻe predator i ka moana ākea a hoʻopau i ka manawa o kā lākou manawa ma ke kai. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, cumi a i ʻole cephalopods i loaʻa i ka wai Antarctic. Holo lākou i ka ʻāina wale no ka hua a molt. ʻO ke koena o ka makahiki ke hele lākou i ka ʻai i loko o ke kai, kahi e hoʻomaha ai lākou, kaʻauʻau ma luna o ka maka a me ka diving no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā iʻa nui a me nā koena. I ke kai, ua lawe pinepine ʻia lākou mai nā wahi liʻiliʻi, a hiki iā lākou ke hele lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā manawa i hala ma ka ʻāina.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kā lākou mau wahine a me nā kāne i hānai i nā mea like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻai wahine ʻoi aku ka nui o ka squid, a ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻai kāne, nā ʻōpū o nā alaka, a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻimi ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai, e hele ana nā kāne ma ke alo o ka Continental i ke Kaiʻāina o Alasa. Holo nā wahine i ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ke komohana i kahi kai ākea. Hōʻailona ka mea elephant i kēia neʻe i ʻelua manawa i ka makahiki, ke hoʻi hou nei i ka rookery.
E lele nā elepana o ke kai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai, hoʻopau i mau mahina i loko o ke kai a holo pinepine lākou e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i kā lākou rookeries e hānai a hānau mai. ʻOiai ua hala ka manawa kāne a me ka ʻelele mau kāne i ka moana, ua ʻokoʻa nā ala hele a me nā hana ʻai: ʻai nā kāne i ke ala maʻamau, ʻimi ma ka papa hoʻomau a loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma ka papahele moana, ʻoiai e loli ana nā wahine i ko lākou ala. huli nui i ka moana ākea. Me ka echolocation, hoʻohana nā kālena elepani i ko lākou ʻike a me kā lākou makika e ʻike ai i kahi neʻe kokoke.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: elepana moana ma ke ʻano maoli
Ke hele nei nā elepana o ke kai a hana i nā kolone i mau mahina wale nō i ka makahiki e hānau ai, hua a me nā molt. I ke koena o ka makahiki, ke hoʻoneʻe nā koloni, a ke lilo ana nā mea nui i ka hapanui o kā lākou manawa e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ka mea eʻai ai no nā tausani he mau mile a ka ʻaina a hohonu hohonu. Aia nā elepani i loko o ke kai e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, ke holo nei lākou i nā hohonu hohonu.
Kuhi ma lalo o kahi hohonu o ka 1,500 mau mika. ʻO ka manawa lawaiʻa awelika he 20 mau minuke, akā hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi no hoʻokahi hola a lōʻihi paha. Ke hele ʻana nā ʻelele kai i ka maka, he mau minuke 2-4 wale lākou ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ka make hou ʻana - a hoʻomau kēia hana i ka hana 24 hola i ka lā.
Ma ka ʻāina, ke noho pinepine nei nā silahe elele me ka wai ʻole no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe, hiki i kā lākou mau kauka ke hana i ka wai i loko o ka ʻaihue, kahi i ʻike nui ai ka wai a me ka wai maoli i kēlā me kēia pākolo. He wahi haunaele ka rookery i ka wā hoʻoulu, e like me nā kāne i ke kani ʻana, nā kīʻaha e hānai ʻia, a e hakakā nā wahine me kekahi ma muli o ko lākou wahi maikaʻi loa a me nā cubs. Ke kuʻi nei, snorting, burping, whimpering, creaking, screeching, a male kāne kūwaho e hui pū ai i kahi symphony o ke kani moana elephant.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Ke keiki bipi
ʻO ka silahe elepani hema, e like me ka elepani ʻākau, nā ʻōpala a me nā molts ma ka ʻāina, akā ʻo nā ʻehā i loko o ke kai, kokoke paha i ka hau hau. Hānau ka ʻele ma Hema i ka ʻāina, akā e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo i ka wai anuanu o ka Antartika ma kahi o ka hau Antarctic. ʻAʻole neʻe ka ʻōiwi ʻehā i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e ulu ana, e hoʻoholo ana nā elepani kāne a hoʻomalu i ka pae, e hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi.
Kohi lākou i ka harem mai 40 a 50 mau wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa nui. Hakakā ʻo Males i kekahi no ke aupuni nui i ka ʻaina. Hoʻopau kekahi mau hālāwai me kahi puʻe a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, akā nui ka poʻe i hoʻohuli i nā kaua koʻikoʻi a koko.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu i ka hopena o Nowemapa. Hoʻomaka nā wahine male i ka waena o Dekemaba a hoʻomau mau a hiki i ke waena o Pepeluali. Hana ka hānau mua ma mua o ka Kalikimaka, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā hānau hānau i loko o nā hebedoma ʻelua o Ianuali. Noho ka wahine ma kahakai no kahi paha mau hebedoma he 15 mai ka manawa i pae ai lākou. E pīhoihoi ana, aia ma ke kahakai nā kāne a hiki i 100 lā.
I ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia nā wahine - ʻelua ka makuahine a me ke keiki ke ola i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i kāna nui o kāna momona. Loaʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i pili i ka 1/3 o ko lākou kaumaha ma ka wā mālama. Hānau ʻia nā wahine i hoʻokahi manamana i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o kahi wahine e 11 mau mahina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia ka hānau ʻana o ka wahine, ʻo ka waiū āna i huna ai ma kahi o 12% momona. ʻElua mau pule i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia helu ma mua o 50%, e hāʻawi ana i ka wai i ka like o ka pudding. I ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka waiū o ka pipi wale nō ka momona o ka 3,5%.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kelima elephant
Kuhi: Ke Kiʻi Elephant
ʻO nā ʻīlio lapalapa hema he liʻiliʻi nā ʻenemi, i waena o lākou:
- ka mea make i ke kohola e hiki ai i ka ʻimi i nā pahu a me nā ʻīlio kahiko.
- Nā ʻīlio leopeke i nā manawa e hoʻouka ai i nā ʻīlio a pepehi iā lākou,
- kekahi mau 'aha nui.
Hiki i nā ʻenemi o nā ʻīlio lālani ke lilo i lālā o ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka wā hoʻoulu. Hoʻokumu nā elepana i ke kai a puni nā kāne i ka manī e pili ana ka pūʻulu wahine. Ma ke kaiāulu o ka harem, ke kali nei nā kāne beta i ka manaolana e hiki ke mare. Kōkua lākou i ka male alpha male paʻa i nā kāne nui. Hiki i ka hakakā ma waena o ke kāne ka pili i ke koko i ka wā e kiʻi ai nā kāne i kā lākou wāwae a kuʻi iā lākou iho i kēlā me kekahi, e ʻoki ana me nā niho ʻīlio.
Hoʻohana nā elepana moana i ko lākou mau niho i ka wā o ke kaua e wāwahi i ka ʻāʻī o nā hoa paio. Hoʻokomo nui nā kāne nui ma muli o ke hakakā me nā kāne ʻē aʻe i ka wā hoʻoulu. ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne a me nā mea hakakā ke hiki lōʻihi, koko a ʻeha loa, a hōʻeha pinepine ʻia ka mea nalowale. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pau ka paio a pau i ke kaua. I kekahi manawa ua lawa iā lākou e piʻi i kā lākou mau wāwae o ka leho, e hoʻolei i ko lākou poʻo, e kaena me ka nui o kā lākou mau noses a me nā hoʻoweliweli e hoʻoweliweli aku ai i ka nui o nā hoa kū. Akā i ka hana ʻana o nā kaua, ʻaʻole hiki i ka make.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: ʻO ke ʻano e nānā ai nā elephant
Ua ʻimi ʻia nā mea ʻelua o nā elepana moana no ko lākou momona, a i ka kenekulia 19 ua ʻānai loa ʻia lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o ka mālama kānāwai, e māhuahua mau ana kā lākou helu, a ʻaʻole ola o ko lākou ola ʻana. I ka makahiki 1880, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hala nā ʻāpana ʻeke ʻākau e like me ka ʻimi lawaiʻa ʻana o nā lawaiʻa o nā kahakai i nā ʻāpana o kā lākou mau iwi. Hoʻokahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā silahe elele 20-100 i hāpai ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe, kokoke i Baja Kaleponi, i pakele i ka hopena e heʻe nei i ka hopu.
Mālama mua ʻia e Mekiko a laila ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia, e hoʻonui mau ana lākou i ko lākou heluna. Ke pale ʻia nei e ka Law Mammal Protection Act o 1972, ke pālahalaha nei lākou mai kā lākou ʻāina mai nā wahi mamao aku nei a ke kālai ʻia nei i nā kahakai nui o ka ʻāina, e like me Piedras Blancas, ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Big Sur, kokoke i San Simeon. Kuhi ka huina o ka heluna heluna ma nā kekona he elepani i 1999, he 150,000.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He holoholona holoholona hihiu nā elepana o ka moana a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokokoke ʻia. He hoʻohilahila ʻole lākou a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka poʻe nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hānau. Hiki i ka hana hoʻoweliweli ke kanaka ke hoʻohana i nā ʻīlio e hoʻohana i ka ikehu waiwai e pono ai ke ola. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keruba mai ko lākou mau makuahine, e alakaʻi pinepine ana i ko lākou make. Ke lawelawe nei ka lawelawe lawaiʻa kai piha ma ke kaiāulu, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa moana.
Kahiki - he holoholona kupaianaha. Nui lākou a nui i ka ʻāina, akā maikaʻi ka wai: hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i kahi hohonu o 2 mau hola a paʻa i ko lākou hanu ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka 2 mau hola. E hele ana nā ʻelele i ke kai ma ke kai a hiki i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kahi mamao loa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai. Ke hakakā nei lākou i kahi o ka lā, akā nāu ikaika wale nō i hoʻokō i kā lākou pahuhopu.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka elephant
Kahiki ʻaʻohe mea pono e pili i ka 'eleele ʻāina. ʻO kā lākou hu like ʻana aia ma ke kai, ma ka pau ʻana o ka muzzle, kahi kaʻina he kanakolu-sentimeterika ke kū nei i lalo, ka mea e like me ka ʻeke o kahi elephant.
ʻO kahi mamala no ka ʻohana ʻohana i nā kuina maloʻo. ʻOiai kekahi poʻe connoisseurs o kaʻepekema, zoologists, ua kala lōʻihi i kēia kumuhana. A ke ʻōlelo nei ko lākou kūpuna mamao, he mea ʻino loa ia. Nui ka nui o nā elepana o ke kai, ʻoiai he mau momi lākou, he poʻe predatory lākou.
Noho lākou i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika a i ka ʻAmelika Antartika. I ʻO ke silahe elephant Antartika neʻe ʻia mai ka poʻe ʻimi. Nā kamaʻāina o nā kai o subarctic a me subantarctic.
ʻO kēia mau ʻelele, Northern a Hewa kai elephant, ʻano like ʻole me kekahi. ʻElima elepani ʻehā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau hema. ʻO ka ihu, ka ʻokoʻa i nā elepani hema, he ʻonanika a lōʻihi.
I ka ʻohana hōʻailona, ʻo ke sila ka elephant ka mea hoʻokūkū nui o lākou. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mahalo nui i kona nui. Malolo ʻaukiku elephantpaona a hiki i eha ʻākau, a i ʻekolu hema-ʻekolu. Elima lākou a ʻeono paha anā lōʻihi.
Ua like me kā lākou wahine me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kū'ē, i ke kua o ko lākou mau kāne. Ma ke paona ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i kahi ton. Ma loko o ʻewalu mau haneli ʻeiwa haneli. ʻAe, a ma muli o ka hapalua, ʻelua wale nō a me ka hapa, ʻekolu mau mika.
ʻAno nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻokoʻa o ke kala o ka huluhulu. I nā kāne, loaʻa iā ia kahi kala kiʻo. A ʻo nā wahine wahine e kāhiko ʻia i nā kala ʻeleʻele, e like me ka lepo. ʻO kā lākou kapa hulu hipa ʻoiai he pokole pōkole, ikaika a paʻakikī.
Akā i kahi mamao loa, nani loa. E like me nā poʻe paʻake e holo ana mai ke kai hohonu. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo e pili i ka molting. Hapalua o ka hoʻoilo, aia ka holoholona i uka.
Uhi ʻia kona ʻili me nā blisters, a mai lalo nā ʻāpana a pau. I ka wā holoʻokoʻa kaiakaoelephales Mai ʻai i kekahi mea, ke hoʻomaha nei ma ke kau ʻana ma luna o nā ʻili kai kahakai. Mai ka hōʻeha loa a me ka hikiʻole ke kaʻina hana.
Hoʻoholo ka holoholona i ke kaumaha a nā nāwaliwali. Akā e hoʻololi ana i ka lole a pau, he aha ke ʻano o ka elepani kai hoʻokahi maka no nā maka ʻeha. Me koʻu ikaika a pau, ua naueʻe nā ʻāpana elepona hina holo i ke kai e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikaika a hou i ka ʻōpū.
ʻOkoʻa nā momone kāne ma mua o ko lākou mau wāhine i ke alo o nā ʻōpala i kapa ʻia ʻo ia. Nā kiʻi o nā kelima elephant hōʻike ʻo ia e pili ana i nā kihi o ka muzzle, e uhi ana i kona waha.
Aia i ka nui o nā pali nui, me he mea lā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pōhaku cobble ma laila. ʻAʻohe o nā wahine a pau ʻole. He wahi maka nani ko lākou, e like me nā lālani nunui plush. I ka ihu aia nā kinipona liʻiliʻi kūpono loa.
ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha e pili ana i nā silaʻo elephant ʻo ia ka manawa o ka mākele, ke kīkē nei nā kāne o ke kāne. Holo ke koko i loko o ia mea, hoʻomaka nā mea kuʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a mai kahi kaʻina he kanakolukūmākahi, he hapalua mita a keu aku, ʻike ʻia kekahi mea.
Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo o kēia mau holoholona i ka liʻiliʻi, a kahe nalo i loko o ke kino. ʻO nā maka liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele ʻoliva ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻili ma ka ʻāʻī o nā kihi elepani a paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Mālama ʻo ia i ka holoholona mai ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka wā o ka maki.
ʻO kā lākou kino nui e hoʻopau me kahi ʻoi iʻa e like me ka ʻoi. A ma mua, ma mua o nā wāwae, ʻelua ʻāpana me nā ʻōpū nui.
Ke kai elepana a me ka noho ʻana
No laila, ea ʻAuhea e noho ai nā silahe elele. Nā pinnipeds ʻĀina, nā kamaʻāina mau o Kaleponi a me nā wai ʻolika. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua paʻa lākou ma ka hope.
ʻAʻole i helu ʻia o nā holoholona o ko lākou mau kū hoʻokahi. Ua palu lākou ʻia me ka puhi ʻana i nā ihe, no ka momona o nā holoholona nui. No nā elepani, lawelawe ia ʻo ia i mea e pale ai i nā ʻāpana he umikumamalima ʻumikūmū mai ka wai hau.
Ma nā wahi kahi i luku ʻia ai lākou, ua hoʻoheʻe ʻia kēia momona. Ua hōʻea kāna helu i nā miliona o nā kileman, ʻo ia ka mea e luku ʻia ai nā mea heʻumi kaukani kanaka e luku ʻia ai. Aia a hiki i kēia wā, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā manawa minamina, ma ka paia o nā waihona i uhi ʻia me nā algae, ka lawe wale ʻana o nā manu a me nā ʻāpana pā.
Ua hakakā nui nā mea hana e hoʻopakele i ko lākou heluna. ʻAʻole kēia ka poʻe o nā ʻiʻi kai i nalowale no ka poʻi. A i nā makahiki he kanalima, i ka makahiki i hala, ua koi lākou i ʻumikūmālima tausani kanaka.
ʻO ka mamalia hema, ua like nō me ka hopena like ʻole, ua pono lākou e holo, e noho ana i nā mokupuni paʻakikī i ke kūkulu hema o Georgia, Marion. No laila ma ka mokupuni ʻo Macquarie a me Heard aia kekahi mau ʻai manu holoholona.
ʻO ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa i hoʻokahi rookery ʻumi kaukani mau kaukani. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā peninula Argentinean i nā wahi mālama, a no kanalima mau makahiki i pāpā ʻia ai nā mea holoholona holoholona holoʻokoʻa āpau.
A ua, i ka ʻumikūmāono, hoʻomaka ka poʻe noiʻi e aʻo ʻaukiku elephant. ʻOiai ke ʻano nui loa o ko lākou ʻano nui, ʻike nui kēia mau holoholona i ka wai. Hiki iā lākou ke kau nani, a hiki i ka wikiwiki o iwakālua mau hola i ka hola.
A he ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka elephant, ʻo ka mea mua ma hope o nā kohola, e hiki ke hele i ka wai no ka wana i ka hohonu o ʻelua mau hola. Laulū, kokoke kona mau ihu.
A, ʻike kēia wale nō e pili ana i nā leka uila, kā lākou mālama i kā lākou koko. Hōʻilio hohonu, hoʻomaka ka koko e kahe wale ma ka puʻuwai a me ka lolo, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha i ka holoholona.
ʻAʻole e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka manawa i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻāina. I koʻu manaʻo, he hōʻike kēia ʻoi loa no kahi mamalia. Ke holo nei i uka, ʻaʻoleʻo ia e neʻe iki i ke kuhikuhi āna e pono ai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ia ma kahi o kanakolu sentimita.
No laila, ke pale pono ʻana i kā lākou mau mea ma kahakai, e ʻohi nui loa ka elepani. A ʻo ka mea mua e hele mai i kona noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka hiamoe ʻana o ka pō maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ikaika ka hiamoe kā lākou, a nui ka hana a nā mea ʻimiʻepekema ʻoi mau ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, me ka makaʻu ʻole no ko lākou ola, e helu i ka pinepine o ko lākou hanu ʻana, hoʻolohe i ka puliki a lawe i kahi kiki o ka naʻau.
He mana ʻē aʻe o lākou. Paha paha, hiamoe nā elepani ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻomoʻe i kahi hohonu i loko o ka wai, kokoke kahi i kā lākou mau ihu. A no ka ʻumikumamālima mau hola he hiamoe ʻana ka holoholona.
A laila e hoʻonui ka lohi, e hoʻoulu ke kino e like me ke paluna, a ua holo nā pinnipeds i ka maka. E hāhā ana nā ʻōmaka, no nā minuke ʻelima ka hanu o ka holoholona, a laila e pā hou i ka hohonu. Pēlā ʻo ia e hiamoe ai.
Pūʻai ʻai elephant
No ka mea, ʻo ka hōʻailona eleph he kikoʻāina make. ʻO ia a me kāna ʻanoʻai nui i ka iʻa. Pēlā pū kekahi, nā likoa a me nā ʻili. ʻO ka pākeke, i kēlā lā, hiki ke ʻai i ka hapalua o ka iʻa. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻoi aku lākou i nā io a me nā io stingray.
ʻO nā pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā elepani o ke kai. Manao kekahi poʻe e pono ai no ka ballast, ke hoʻoilo ʻia ka elepani i ka wai. ʻO kekahi, kahi ʻokoʻa, ʻōlelo mai ka hāpai ʻana o nā pōhaku i ka hana ʻana, ʻailua piha ʻia e nā crustaceans.
Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā holoholona i ko lākou wā moe, molting, ʻaʻole i ʻai nā elepani i kekahi mea i mau mahina, aia wale nō i nā papa momona a lākou i kūkulu ai i ka wā momona.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Ma hope koke o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki mai ka manawa o ke aloha i ke ola o nā ʻōpū. Mai ka waena waena o ka hoʻoilo a ka waena waena, ua hoʻonohonoho nā elepani i nā hakakā, a laila lahi, a waiho i nā hua hou e hiki mai ana ma ko lākou mau wāwae.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana me nā kaʻe o nā elepani i uka. He wahine wahine, ua hāpai ʻia, mai ka makahiki i hala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kēia manawa he ʻumikumamākahi malama. ʻAʻohe mea nui a nā elepani kāne me ka hānai keiki.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi kūlohelohe a paʻakikī, hānau ka makuahine i hoʻokahi wale nō kūbita. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i ka mālamalama kiʻekiʻe-ʻona mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ke kanahā kilograms. No hoʻokahi mahina, ua hānai ʻo elepani i ka pēpē me kāna waiū wale.
Aia i waena o nā luna o kēia mau kānaka, ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kā kāna momona momona he kanalima pakeneka. ʻO ke keiki i ka wā e hānai ai, loaʻa ke kaumaha maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka makuahine i kāna keiki.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi nui o ka momona subcutaneous i loko o nā hua a hiki i ke ʻano hou ʻana o ke ola kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke ola. I ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka makahiki, haʻalele nā keiki i ka rookery a hele i loko o ka wai ākea.
Ke haʻalele nei ka wahine mai kāna keiki, hoʻomaka ka hānō o ka hakakā ʻana me nā lula ʻole. ʻO kā nā elepani nunui nunui a ʻoi loa e hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā no ke ola akā no ka make, no ka pono kūpono e lilo ai i sultan no kā lākou harem.
Hū kani leo nā ʻelele o kēlā me kēia, ʻōlou i ko lākou mau lāʻau a kani iā lākou, me ka manaʻo e hoʻoweliweli kēia i ka hoa paio. A laila ikaika nā niho koi. Hoʻohui ka mea lanakila ma nā wahi kokoke iā ia. Loaʻa kekahi i nā mele a me ʻekolu mau wahine.
A ʻo ka mea ʻala, a ua hōʻeha ʻia, a hele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻimi. Loaʻa ia iā ia he mau ʻuhane, ʻaʻohe ona mana no ke kāne male. Minamina ia, akā i ka hakakā ʻana, ka maʻi pinepine o nā kamaliʻi, a make ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia lākou i ke kaua, ka hehi ʻia e ka pākeke.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kāna mau wahine, koho ke alakaʻi i kona makemake, me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke kīlū mua i kona kua. No laila hōʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻoi aku o kāna mana. A inā ʻaʻole paha i mākaukau ka wahine e hālāwai, ʻaʻole mālama ke kāne i kēia kūlana. Piʻi ʻo ia i kāna mau tons āpau iā ia. He waiwai ʻole ka pale ʻana ma ʻaneʻi.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka male ʻana, i ka wā ʻōpio, i ka makahiki o ʻehā makahiki i nā kāne. ʻO nā wahine, mai ka makahiki ʻelua, ua mākaukau no ka moe. No nā makahiki he ʻumi, hiki i nā ʻoni wahine o nā elepana moana ke hānai i nā keiki. A laila ua ʻelemakule lākou. Ua make nā elepona o ke kai ma ka makahiki ʻumikumamālima, iwakālua.
ʻOiai ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka nui, lilo nā ʻīlio elepana i mea make no nā kohola pepehi kanaka. Pau nā keiki ʻōpio. Akā ʻo nā ʻenemi weliweli loa, no nā kenekulia he nui, ʻaʻole e weliweli i ke kani ʻana, ʻo mākou ka poʻe.
Kahele
Aia nā kolana nui o ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma ka subipita kiʻekiʻe archipelagos a me nā mokupuni: South Georgia, Kerguelen, Hurd, Macquarie. Ma waho o ka wā moe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka ma nā kapakai o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAralia, New Zealand, Patagonia a me Antarctica. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke uhi i kahi mamao o ka moana a hiki i 4,800 km.
Ua hoʻoili mua ʻia ka hōʻailona elepani ʻākau ma mua o ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika mai Alaska a Baja Kaleponi. Akā i ka kenekulia 19, akā, hoʻomaka ka luku ʻana i kēia mau holoholona no ka pau ʻana o ka ʻaheʻe ʻana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, kau mau tausani o nā ʻīlio elepani i lilo i mea hopu no ka poʻe hopu a ʻaʻole i ʻike mua ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano. Hoʻokahi wale nō koloni liʻiliʻi, nona ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli, ua ola ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike, ua lawe ʻia ka ʻīlū o ka elepani ʻākau.
I ka makahiki 1930, ua puka nā kime elepani no ka moe ʻana ma ka ʻāina ma ka Paena ʻoihana ʻo Kalepona. I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā silaʻe elepani ʻākau ma nā mokupuni nui ma ke kahakai komohana o ka ʻāina. Ma ke ʻākau, hiki lākou i ko lākou pae i ka Pae Farallon, a ma waho o ka moena e hiki aku ana a hiki i Vancouver Island.
Ke māhuahua nei ka heluna nui o 15% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i kēia lā, ʻaʻole i helu hou ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano he ʻano weliweli koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā keke a ʻĀpana ʻākau e hele ma kahi "bottleneck" liʻiliʻi a alakaʻi i kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa o ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe noho, hiki ke lilo i pilikia koʻikoʻi ma lalo o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Hōʻailona elephant
Hōʻailona elephant (Mirounga angustirostris) he ʻano i nā pinnipeds mai ka ʻohana o ka Pono Seals. ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻailona honi kāne ʻākau a hiki i 6 m, a ʻo ka wahine - ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o 3 m. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o kēia holoholona hihiu no kona nui nui a me ka ihu, hiki ke kaha a wili a like me ka ʻāʻī i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻOkoʻa loa nā ʻokoʻa o nā wahine - ʻoi aku lāua i ʻelua e like me ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ihu.
ʻO kēia pinniped nui - ua loaʻa ka silaʻo elephant hōʻailona - ma nā kahiki o ka Pākīpika o ʻAmelika mai Alaska a i ka hiʻo Hudson.
Mālama ka ʻāpana elepani ʻākau i nā māka liʻiliʻi, nā iʻa, a me cumi. Holo nā elepani moana i ka mahina o Dekemaba a me Ianuali a hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻohua hua. ʻO nā kāne ka mua ka hele ʻana i uka a pale i ka ʻāina no kā lākou harem. ʻO nā elepona o ke kai ma ke kai neʻe i nā kolone ikaika. I ka litter o nā silahe elephant he maʻa hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia i ka hulu ʻeleʻele a noho i ka ʻāina ma kahi o ʻelima mau mahina.
ʻĀlima hema
ʻO ka silahe elephita Hema (Mirounga leonina) ka puka nui o ka honua ma ka honua. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū o ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma mua o ka loea ʻākau: ʻo kona lōʻihi he 10 cm.ʻO ia ihu nui a nunui i ka wahine a me nā ʻōpio kāne. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu, hiki i ka ʻeke a piha i ka nui o ka makahiki o ka makahiki o ke ola a kau ma luna o ka waha me nā ihu a lalo. I ka wā moe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ʻōpala ma muli o ka nui o ka holo nui o ke koko. Ua kū ia i ka wā o nā hakakā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka male kāne male hookapu manu e hōʻoki i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hiki i ke kāne ke hiki i nā ʻāpana a ʻeono paha a me ka hapa mika, a ʻo ka wahine wale nō a ʻekolu a me ka hapa mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kāne ka lōʻihi a ʻekolu mau hapalua ia, ke kaupa nei ka wahine i ka lōʻihi o 900 kg.
ʻO ka mea pio o nā ʻenehana moana he iʻa a me nā cephalopods. Hiki i nā elepana o ke kai ke lawaiʻa no ka mea i ka hohonu ma kahi hohonu o 1400 m.Halo kēia no ka nui o kā lākou lehulehu a me ka nui o ke koko e hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ka oxygen. E like me nā kohola, ʻo ka hana o nā ʻili o nā kūloko o nā elephant i ka wā e holo ana i kahi hohonu e hoʻoneʻe i lalo. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā elepana o ke kai he mau ʻokeʻoke keʻokeʻo a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka, hopu nui i nā ʻōpū ma luna o ka wai.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka ʻōpū elepani ʻākau?
Ua liʻiliʻi a ʻokoʻa ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ma mua o ka hema: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne ke hiki i 5 mika, wahine - 3 mika. Ke kaupaona nei ʻo Males 1800-2700 kg, nā wahine - 350-900 kg. He nunui loa nā kunu, he conical nā niho pipi, akā i kekahi manawa me nā protrusions a me nā aʻa ʻelua.
ʻAno hina ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻano o kēia ʻano, he ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo; Uhi ʻia nā pēpē hou i ka hulu ʻeleʻele, ma ka piha o ʻekolu mau hebedoma e kahuli ʻia e ka hina hina a he kālā paha.
Me ka mau makahiki, lilo nā ʻōpio o ke sila o nā elepani ʻākau, e like me ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao o ke kūkulu hema, e ʻāʻī a ʻūhā ʻia i ka ʻāʻī, kahi eʻoi aku ai ka ʻili o ke alo, a ma ka ihu e hoʻomohala ai i kahi ʻala a lākou e hiki ai iā lākou ke palu.
ʻElima ʻōlapa, Mūleʻa
Kūpono nā ʻōlapa elepani hema i nā wai subantarctic a me ke anainu. ʻO nā holoholona maoli ʻaʻole e komo i Antartika. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā koloka ʻoihana ma kahi kokoke o ʻAmelika (Punta Norte, Terra del Fiego), ma nā mokupuni o South Georgia, Falkland, Gough, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Hurd, Campbell, me ka South Shetland a me South Orkney. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole kī-laha, ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu holoholona i nā mokupuni o Saint-Paul a me Amsterdam, ʻo Tristan da Cunha a me kahi o Westfall Hills (ʻAmelika Antarctic).
Ua ʻike ʻia nā hālāwai hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i nā hau hau i nā ʻaoʻao o ka Antarctic. I kekahi manawa hele kokoke nā holoholona i nā kahakai o Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania a me South Africa. ʻO nā hālāwai ākea o nā kime o kēia mau sila i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina Rodriguez a kokoke i Fr. St. Helena.
E hele ana nā elepani o ke kai i ka neʻe ʻana i ka makahiki, e hele mai ana i nā wahi kauwela o nā wahi kai o nā kapakai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka molting, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka wai ʻākau.
Aia nā ʻĀpana elepani komohana ma Kaleponi ma nā mokupuni o Santa Barbara, San Nicholas, San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Ano Nuevo a me Ka Hikina Wāluōneke, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka uka nui ma Ano Nuevo Point a me Point Reyes. Aia pū kekahi mau koleke ma Mexico ma nā mokupuni o Guadalupe, San Benito a me Zedros. Ua hānau ʻia kekahi mau cubs ma nā mokupuni o Natividad, San Martin, Coronado a me San Clemente.
Ma waho o ka wā ulu, ua kahele ʻia nā wahine ma ke kahakai o Oregon a me Wakinekona, a lele nā ʻelele kāne i nā ʻaoʻao mamao ma ke komohana, a hiki i ka Pae o Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian.
Holo aku nā kime elepani ʻākau i ke kai i ʻelua hapa i ka makahiki, ua hoʻopau ʻo 8 mau mahina ma loko. I kēia manawa, holo nui lākou a puni ka ʻ Pacificlelo Kaleponi Nui.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻenehana loea hou i ka hoʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā wahi hānai like ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia a me ka molting - ka hōʻike mua ʻana o ka hele pālua ʻana i nā holoholona. I ka wā e holo ai nā holoholona ʻelua, ua holo nā holoholona i ka hohonu o 250-550 mika, a ma nā lā 250 i hoʻopau ʻia e nā kāne i loko o ke kai, ua uhi ʻia lākou ma kahi mamao o 21,000 km. I waena o nā mommals, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana i kau makahiki no kēlā me kēia kanaka. Pono e hele mua ka ʻōloli no ka mea pono e hoʻi nā elepani i uka i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki - no ka hoʻoulu a me ka molting. Akā no ke aha e koho ai i ka mf i nā mokupuni o Kealiʻo Kalepona, a ʻaʻole kekahi mau mokupuni a me nā kahiki kaila, kahi kokoke i kā lākou wahi hānai, ʻaʻole maopopo.
Hoʻolaha ka manawa i ka moana, pono ka hiamoe ma ka wai. Hiki i nā elepona ʻehā i ka hiamoe ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 25 mau minuke a ala i ka papa e hanu me ka ʻole e ala kaʻala.
ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi
- ʻO ka mana kupaianaha o nā ʻīlele elepani ma moe ma lalo o ka wai. Akā pehea pehea nā holoholona e mālama ai i ka hanu ma kēia manawa? Ma hope o nā mea āpau, e loaʻa ana i nā māmā, ʻaʻole i ka lau. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā mea ʻike o ka moʻo wai hohonu. Ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ʻelima mau minima paha ma lalo o ka wai, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ana ka umauma o ka holoholona, ʻoiai e paʻa mau ana nā pūlima. Mai kēia, ua emi ke kumu o ke kino, a puka nui aʻe. Ma ka kahe o ka wai, hamama nā ʻuʻuku, a no kahi ʻekolu mau minuke o ka holoholona hihiu. A laila e hāʻule hou i lalo. Hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nā maka i kēia manawa: ua hiamoe ka lālani.
- Loaʻa nā pōhaku ma loko o ka ʻōpū o ka elephant. Manaʻo nā poʻe o nā wahi e noho ai kēia mau holoholona, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā pōhaku i ka waiho pōkole i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā elepani ma lalo o ka wai. Aia kekahi mau wehewehe. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā pōhaku i loko o ka ʻōpū ke hiki ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai - ua ʻoki piha i nā iʻa a me nā crustaceans.
- I waena o nā kāne, ʻehā mau pūʻulu e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maopopo. ʻO ka mea mua - "nā ʻōpiopio" - nā holoholona nā makahiki mai hoʻokahi a ʻeono makahiki, ʻo kā lākou nui, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mika. Hōʻike lākou i ka rookery i ka hoʻoilo, ka mea ma hope o nā ālaʻi, me ke kumu maopopo i ka hoʻomaha wale ʻana i ka ʻauʻau. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ka mea mua loa - i ka lā Dekemaba (i ke kauwela o ka manawa ma ke kahakaha hema), a laila hele mai nā holoholona āpau a pau i ka ʻoi loa o ke ʻano o ka wā kahiko: ʻo ka pākeke i nā makahiki, ma hope.ʻO ka lua, a ʻo ke “ʻōpio'ōpio,” ka haku ʻia o nā holoholona e piha ana i nā makahiki he ʻeono a i ʻumikūmākolu makahiki. Hele lākou i ke kahakai i ka wā lūlū, ma hope koke o ka hoho ʻana o nā keiki bipi i nā wahine, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka hakakā me nā kāne kahiko, a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waʻa (ma hope o ka ʻāʻī o nā bipi) kau pū lākou i ke kai. ʻO nā pūʻulu makahiki hou e kapa ʻia nei nā mea noi. ʻO kēlā mau kāne, i ka nui mai ka ʻehā a me ka hapa i ʻeono mau mika, me kahi haʻaheo e haʻalulu nui nei, ke ukiuki mau loa nei a piʻi i ka hakakā me nā mea nona nā ʻokiʻoki - nā mea nona nā "harems" - nā kāne ʻelemakule ikaika, e hoʻāʻo ana e hana hou i kahi hapa o nā wahine mai lākou. ʻO kēia mau kāne kahiko i kūkulu ʻehā i ka makahiki ʻehā.
- Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike ʻike ka ka kāne kahiko a me ka poʻe ikaika i ka "harem" i ka wā holo nui, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne ʻōpio a nāwaliwali e pono ke hāʻawi i ke hoa i ʻoi aku iā lākou ma ka ikaika. ʻOiai ke kaua pinepine nā kāne i ka wai, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai, hoʻomaka ka panic i kēlā manawa - e hoʻomaka ana nā wahine hopohopo, a hoʻāʻo nā ʻōpio e pakele. No laila, mai nā "harems", kahi a lākou e kahaha nui loa ai, hoʻāʻo ka wahine e neʻe i nā "harlem" calmer.
- He ʻike kupanaha ka hakakā o nā kāne. ʻO ke kūleʻa, ke alapeke i kēlā me kēia mea, ke kū i luna i "nā wāwae hind", e piʻi ana i ʻehā mau mika ma luna o ka wai pāpaku, a me ka manuahi i kēia kūlana no nā minuke nui, e like me nā kiʻi o nā pōloli. Hōʻalo nā holoholona i kahi puʻu lapuwale, ko lākou mau wahi kahi i ka nui ke kahakaha ʻana, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka ʻenemi me kahi pahu o ka pīpī. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, huli pinepine ka hoa palupalu ma hope, e hoʻomau ana i ke kani ʻana i ka menacingly, a hoʻi i ke ala palekana, e hoʻomaka. Hoʻouka ka mea lanakila i ka leo hoʻokiʻekiʻe a ke hana nei, a i hana i nā kīhaka hoʻopunipuni ma hope o ka mea i mahuka ai, nīnī ʻia a hoʻi hou i ke kahakai.
- ʻAʻole hopohopo e nānā hoʻoweliweli i kēia hakakā, aia i ka nui o nā hihia ʻaʻole ia e hele mai i ke kahe koko nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea āpau i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe, weliweli nui a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano kaiāulu: ʻike ʻia ka ikaika loa, ka mea e hāpai i nā hana o ka mea hana i ka wā hana a me ka mea e kahuli ana i ka huaʻōlelo, a e hoʻouna i ka hua i kāna mau kūlana maikaʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole make ka male ʻōpio palupalu ma ke kahua kaua a no laila ʻaʻole huli i ka hana hou o ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻano.
- Ma ka pili ʻana i ke kāne, ʻaʻole e hōʻike mau ke kāne kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻi lākou, akā ʻo ka wahine paha ke ʻano he mea weliweli loa loa ia no ka mea noiʻi i ʻaʻa e komo i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka ʻohana. ʻO John Warham, ma ke ʻano he mea pono nō ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou mau niho koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka holo mua a me ka hilahila me ka lele me ka hilahila, e waiho ana i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o kona wāwae kuʻekuʻe i ka ʻĀlani moana huhu.
- Ka hānau ʻia, hoʻoili ʻia ka pahu i kahi pōkole pōkole e like me ka ʻīlio, pane like ka makuahine, me ia, ʻāwili wale ʻia, a penei hoʻomanaʻo. Ma hope iho, e weheʻokoʻa ʻo ia iā ia mai nā mau cubs a pau, a hoʻi hou lākou i ka hoʻāʻo e pakele.
- He mea kūpono ia e ʻōlelo i kekahi o nā hana kupaianaha maikaʻi loa o ka holoholona holoholona i nā kūlana o ke ola: hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻomohala o ka ʻili i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka wahine i ka wā e hoʻolaha ai, a ʻo ka embryo, me he mea lā, "mālama ʻia" no ka wā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ola holoholona. (Hōʻike ʻia kahi hanana like ʻole i kekahi mau holoholona - he nui nā pinnipeds, a me ka sable, rabbit, kangaroo, etc.) Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka emryo i ka lā Malaki wale nō, a ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka molting i nā wahine.
- ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka elephant huluhulu ka mea nui loa i kapa ʻia: ua kau ʻia ka ʻili kahiko ma luna me nā ʻūpā haehae. ʻO ka wahine mua ke iho aku ia i nā muzzle, a laila mai ke koena o ke kino. I ka manawa like, hoʻowalewale ka poʻe ʻilihune i kā lākou mau palima ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, e hoʻāʻo ana e wikiwiki i kēia kaʻina hana, kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole no lākou. Aia nā holoholona hānai i loko o kekahi mau maluku lemu, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a huli hoʻi, hoʻāla ka lepo lepo, hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o kahi palupalu. Pipi ʻia lākou i loko o kēia pū me nā ihu loa. He mea weliweli ka ʻōpū a puni i kēia manawa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau
ʻO nā ʻenehana moana he mau holoholona polygamous a i loaʻa nā mea kani i ka wā o nā lawaiʻa kai. I ka hopena o ʻAukake nei, e hele mai ana nā wahine hāpai i nā mokupuni a ʻākoakoa i nā hui. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Sepatemaba, ʻike ʻia nā kāne, a ma ka hopena o ka mahina e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mele. I ka haremima nui, no kēlā me kēia kāne, he 100 a keu paha nā wahine. I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka harems, loaʻa nā hakakā ikaika ma waena o nā kāne, ma muli o kahi makua, akā mau ka holoholona palupalu me ka ʻole o nā wahine, a me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina harem.
9 ʻaʻole o nā kāne mai ka 10 ke loaʻa i ka manawa e hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻohana - no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ola i ka wā ʻōpiopio, a no ka mea ua nalowale lākou i ka hakakā me nā kāne nui e hoʻopili ana i ka wahine. I loko o kekahi haʻawina o nā kāne 138 i loiloi ʻia i ko lākou ola, ʻaʻole he kime, a ʻo ka 8 ka nui o ka hānai ʻia he 348 wahine.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻāhewa ʻana o nā kelima elepani, he palakiko a me ke ʻano ikaika. Ke ʻole o ke ao ʻana, hoʻokokoke ke kāne i ka wahine mai ka ʻaoʻao, ua kau ʻo ia i mua ma hope o ke kua, pīkī i kona ʻāʻī, huki iā ia iā ia a ʻimi e mare. Inā hoʻowalewale ʻo ia a ʻeʻe paha ka wahine e pakele, e like me ka wā e kū pinepine ai, na ke kāne kāne i koi iā ia i ka lepo me kona ʻōpū āpau a ʻāwili mau loa. ʻO nā hopena o kēlā mau moena ʻano kūlike e maʻamau i huli ʻia i ka wahine. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma kahi wahine hāpai, hiki i ke kāne ke hōʻeha i ke kino ma ke kino, a me ka hopena o ka moe ʻana me ka wahine hānai, ʻokoʻa ka wahine a me ka cub. Eia kekahi, i kā lākou hakakā, hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻoki i kahi manamana e kū nei ma ko lākou ala: a ʻo ka 10% o ka make āpau.
Ka hapanui o nā wahine hānau i ʻOkakopa. ʻO ka 1 cub ke hānau ʻia. Hoʻonui ka waiʻai i ka 20-30 mau lā. I kēia manawa, lilo ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui o ka momona, a hoʻonui koke i nā pā i ka nui o ka nui o ka wai momona o ka waiū momona. Loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā o nā lā i kēlā me kēia lā i 6 kg! Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, ʻohi ʻia nā cubs i loko o nā pūʻulu i kahi mamao aku i ka harem. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano pēpili i nā mau hebedoma ʻehā, a laila neʻe kokoke ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai. I ka makahiki o 10-15 mau lā, e hoʻomaka nā molika, a ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka wai, i ka makahiki 30-35 mau lā, pau ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lauoho keiki hānai.
Pono ke kaupaona o nā wili o nā kime elepani hema ma kahi o 300 kg e hānau ai i ka bipi mua, akā ʻo ka wahine liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 380 kg), ʻaʻole i lawe pinepine i kahi keiki kāne. Maliʻa paha kēia no ka mea ʻo ka kāne i ka wā hānau he 14% ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā wahine, hiki ke hōʻino i ka ulu hou aku.
Hoʻomaka nā wahine pāloʻi i nā lā he 15-20 i ka lā o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kēia manawa e hoʻomau lākou e hānai i nā keiki. Hoʻolaha, haʻalele nā kāne i nā wahine a i ke Nowemapa hoʻi makemake ke aloha iā lākou, ke hoʻolimalima nei i ka manawa i ka wai, kahi a lākou e hānai ai. Hoʻomaka nā mea kuʻi, ma hope o ka manawa a nā holoholona makua e hoʻolōʻihi i kekahi manawa ma ke kai, a laila hoʻi hou i ka pōʻai ʻai kai no ka hoʻoilo.
Aia i nā kuʻuna, hoʻomau ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hāʻule kime linear i ka lā Dekemapa-Pepeluali. I ka awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 30 mau lā, akā ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona, hiki ke loli ka wā o ka loli ʻana o ka lauoho. I ka pau ʻana o ka molting, waiho ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i ka rookery a lele i ka kai. Eia lākou e ʻai ikaika ai a hiki ʻole hele i uka.
Paʻi pinepine nā elepona hema i ka cephalopods, i kekahi manawa iʻa. ʻOi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea ʻākau ma waena o nā ʻalika hohonu hohonu, nā ʻalā, nā ʻalala, nā puʻu, nā hake, nā aniani a me nā ʻūʻī paukū pākeke. No ka ʻai, hiki ke hōʻalo kēia mau sila i ka hohonu o 1000 m.
Ma hope o ka hoʻololi i ke ola kūʻokoʻa, noho nō nā mania no kahi mahina e pili ana i ka momona momona, a laila huli lākou i ka hānai i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlima o nā elepani ka hōʻailona leopeke e kūʻē ana i nā cubs. Ua hoʻoweliweli ʻo Orcas iā lākou.
Manaʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā wahine ʻo ka mea paʻa elephant he 12 mau makahiki, kāne - 20 mau makahiki.
Harp Kekuhi
ʻO nā mea āpau, ʻo ka tulip tulip ka mea i aʻo ʻia, ʻoi paha ma muli o kāna waiwai hoʻoili a me kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā kenekulia ʻelua mau makahiki i hala. No loko o ka ʻohana Arctic fotside a ʻokoʻa nō ia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i kona kapa, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hānau ʻia a loaʻa i kahi wahi o nā pākeke ma ke ʻano he lyre a i nā hakahaka. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻīlio pipi a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻalani marmona, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hōʻailona o Antarctic, loaʻa pinepine ka nui ma mua o ka 1, 60 m i ka wā pākeke ke kaupaona nei i ka 150 kg.
He holoholona holoholona manu wale nō - ka makemake wale nō o nā elemakule i ke kaona, hiki ke noho ma ka ʻāina, e like me ka wai. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, lilo ʻo ia i ka hapa o ka manawa ma kēia mana ʻelua, kahi āna e ʻāloli ai, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka meaʻai a me ka dexterity i ke alualu ʻana i kāna mea hopu - capelin, herring a me ka cod.
Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me ka hulu ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻamau, akā mānoanoa. A hiki i ka 2 mau mahina, e loli ka kala o ka huluhulu ma ka hina hina. ʻO ke kino o ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma kahi ʻāpana o ka momona o ka subcutaneous. Aia a hiki i ka mānoanoa o 10 cm, a ʻo kona lehulehu, e pili ana i ka paona kino, ʻo 35% ia. Mālama ka momona i nā kino o loko mai ka hypothermia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka buoyancy o ka holoholona.
E lele nā holoholona i ka manawa o kā lāua mau neʻe ʻana ʻelua: i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hau hema no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a i ka pūnāwai - i nā wai iʻa ma ke kūkulu ʻākau. ka hana, ke lele ʻana a ke kākele nei i ka wai a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ka lewa ma ka ihu. ʻO ka mammal ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ke noho nei i ka wai, ua uhi ʻia kahi sila haki i nā hulu. Aia i ʻelua mau lauoho o ka lauoho - "pale lauoho", e pale ai i ka epidermis mai ka abrasion a me ka "undercoat", kahi ihe nui, maloʻo ka huluhulu a me ka huluhulu. Kōkua ke kaili i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i loko o ka naʻau ma muli o ke aniani o ka momona subcutaneous, hiki ke piʻi i 8 cm i nā pākeke.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻolālā nā elepani Hema i kā lākou rookeries ma ka Falkland, South Orkney a me nā South Shetland Islands. Aloha nō hoʻi lākou iā South Georgia, ʻo Hurd a me Kerguelen Islands. ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo Macquarie ma ka Pakipika e kū pono ana i kā lākou wahi i makemake nui ʻia. Ma nā kahakai i uhi ʻia i nā pebbles a me ke one, hoʻopau nā holoholona i ʻeono mahina. Hāpai a 10 tausani mau mea hōʻuluʻulu i kahi ma kahi hoʻokahi, e hana ana i nā nui rookeries.
I ka nānā a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā manaʻo nui ʻelua o kona mau maka. Hoʻopili kekahi mau maka i nā kukuna o ka lā ma luna o ka hau, e like me ka aneane piha piha o ka ʻōpū. Ma waho o ka wai, aia ka hōʻailona ua loaʻa i ka astigmatism a ua nani iki. Aniani ka maka o nā poli polikika i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻokoʻa me nā hilo e noho ana i nā wahi kuʻuna, a ʻoi aku ka pane i ka uliuli.
ʻO kekahi kumu nui e ʻike ai ka ʻike no ka mea kani leo, e hana nui ai i ka wā e ʻimi ai ka nūpepa e loaʻa kahi mea make a mea kūʻai paha a i ʻole ka makemake e kamaʻilio me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Me he mea lā, ʻaʻole ʻia o ka hoʻokele leo hōʻino i hoʻohana ʻia e nā dolphins. ʻO ka aʻa o ka pepeiao i nā mea like me nā cetaceans a me nā mamalia terrestrial, akā hiki ke lohe ʻia i ke kani ʻana i ka mea kani ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o ka wai: nā ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi wale e lohe ʻia ma ka lepo. Lohe wale ʻia nā pākeke i loko o ka wai, i nā hihia maʻamau - i ka wā hana, no ka laʻana.
Eia ua male lākou, hanau ka cubs a me nā molt. Ma hope o ka molting, holo aku lākou i ka moana ākea, kahi e noho ai lākou no nā lā he nui me ka ʻike ʻole i ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi hōʻailona elepana hema he lawai maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā kai hohonu. Hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau i ka 4 a me 5 tausani mau kilomita e hoʻopau i loko o ka pahu hau o ka Antartika a i ʻole ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelika Hema a me Aotearoa. Hoʻopau kēia holoholona i kahi hohonu o 500 mika, ma lalo o ka wai hiki ke 40 mau minuke.
ʻAkahi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, inā paha he ʻala ʻono i kā lākou alelo a ʻaʻole ō ka manawa no ka hoʻōla i kā lākou ʻai, me ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou ma ka honi ʻana, ʻo ia kahi iʻa nui a ua ʻokiʻoki nei lākou i ka mākaʻi o ka huaʻa. ʻEkolu mau niho o ka līlio i nā mea kani: incisors, fangs a me nā molars, akā kūpono kūpono no ka hopu ʻana a me ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻai.
Mai ka wai, lilo nā mea ʻono i kahi mea koʻikoʻi i loko o nā sila, e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi mea nāna e kau ai, ʻoiai he mau ʻumi mau mika. loaʻa nā kāne i nā wahine i ka wela a loaʻa ka makuahine i kā lākou keiki i waena o nā haneli liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa like a pau, ma ka hau.
Kanikau
ʻAi ʻia ka elepona hema ma ka iʻa, cephalopods a me nā mollusks. Hōʻino ʻo ia i nā pōpoki pepehi kānaka. Hōʻalo kēia mau mea ʻōpiopio nui iā ia ma kahakai a me nā wai ākea. Akā ʻaʻole makemake lākou e neʻe hou aku ma mua o 800 km mai ke kahakai, kahi hōʻailona paʻa, ua lanakila loa ma kēia mamao, paʻa loa. Hoʻokahi ʻia nā ʻelele i nā leopalona moana.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi kekahi kanaka. I nā makahiki i hala, ua luku ʻole ʻo ia i nā holoholona hala ʻole no ko lākou momona. Mai kahi mea i make i nā ʻīlima elepani i loaʻa ma kahi o 500 kg o ka huahana waiwai. I kēia manawa ke pāpā ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. E pili ana i kēia mea, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou helu. ʻO ka nui o nā hōʻailona o ka hema o ka lālani ma kēia lā he 750 tausani poʻo. Ma kahi o 250 tausani mau holoholona e noho ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia, ka helu hoʻokahi ma ka mokupuni o Kerguelen. ʻO kēia nā rookeries nui loa o nā ʻīlio nui a lākou e kaʻana mai me nā penguins.
Makemake wau e ʻike i nā mea āpau
I ko mākou kenekulia, i ka wā i komo ai ke kanaka i waho o ke kikowaena a makemake nui mākou e ʻike i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe ma Mars a i ʻole nā mea hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe, hoʻokahi mau mea kupanaha: ua kamaʻāina paha mākou i nā hoahānau honua? Ehia ʻike iā mākou e pili ana iā lākou? ʻIke anei mākou i ko lākou ola? Pono? ʻAno? Pili ai me ka honua waho?
ʻAʻole ʻoe e hele mamao aku i kahi hoʻohālike. Ehia mea mākou i ʻike i kahi elephant ola i ke kai? ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, kokoke kokoke i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke noho kēlā mau holoholona. Akā ʻoiai he poʻe pōpilikia wale ia e ʻike i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o kēia mau kanaka nunui i ka nui o ka nui a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā rhinos, hippos a me nā walruses. Noho nā ʻōlima elepani ma nā wahi mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi: ma Patagonia - ma kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Macquarie - hema hema o Tasmania, ma Signy Island, ma South Georgia.
A he aha ke ʻano o nā elepani o lākou?
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E hoʻomaka i ka mea, ʻōlelo mākou, he mau mamn pinniped nui e pili ana i nā huaʻala o nā kēlima make (Phocidae), i kapa ʻia i ka ʻāʻī ʻana o nā kuʻi pepeiao - Otariidae. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kāne mai ka ʻekolu a i ʻeono paha mika, a ʻo ke kaulu e like ke ana o ka colossus a ʻelua mau tone! I ka ʻōlelo o ke ʻano o ke kino, ua like kēia mau kaakaa me ka walruses, a ʻo ka ʻili o ko lākou kino he paʻakikī a he paʻakikī, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ka tusrus walrus, akā aia kekahi mea e like me ka puʻupuʻu pōkole pōkole (kahi o nā elepani i kau inoa i ko lākou inoa). ʻO kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha i ko mākou manawa i ola iki iki. A inā ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ka manawa hope loa, e nalo loa ana lākou mai ke alo o ka Honua, e like me ko lākou mau hoahānau pili ponoʻī - nā bipi ʻimi, ʻike ʻia e ka mea kūlohelohe ʻo Georg Steller i ka makahiki 1741, i ka wā e holomua ana i ke Kai Bering. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia mau pōpilikia pōʻino nunui, ʻaʻole ia he kumu kūpono ke pana ʻia ma muli o kā lākou lōwili a me ke kūmole, hōʻike ʻole ʻo Steller me ke ala maʻalahi i ka poʻe i komo i ka poʻe. Ma ka 1770, ʻaʻole i noho hou ka pipi a ka moana (i kapa ʻia ʻo Steller cows).
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēia me nā sila e pili me nā elephant.ʻO ka mea mua, no ka mea ke noho nei lākou i nā wahi he hiki ʻole i ke kanaka: e lana paha i loko o ka wai wai o nā kai polima o ka ʻolima hema, kahi ʻike ʻole ʻole ka makani a kahea o ka lālani, a hele wale aku nō lākou i kā lākou huakaʻi e kau ana ma nā wahi i pohō o Patagonia a i ʻole nalo paha i na mokupuni. Eia kekahi, he kaawale o nā elepana o ke kai, i ko lākou mau ʻohana poino ʻole - dugoo, a i ʻole nā haku wai, e ʻoki malū ana i nā lau i ke kai i loko o nā "hehi", ʻaʻole nā holoholona i pale ʻole. ʻO nā kāne. Maʻa nō ko lākou mau niho, a nui ka mana. Pilikia loa ke kane. ʻO nā mea ʻānai o ke kai kahi mea hoʻoneʻe: e hānai ana i nā holoholona ʻano wai, ʻo ka nui o ka iʻa.
ʻO nā pua o nā ʻano hema, nona nā ʻāpana ākea āpau i palena wale nō i kekahi mokupuni ʻo Antartika, e like me Kerguelen, Crozet, Marion, a me South Georgia ka mea i hoʻopiʻi loa. ʻO kekahi mau mea ʻai nui i ka mokupuni o Macquarie a me Hurd i mālama ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka wahi lewa, kahi i hālāwai ai nā loea o kēia mau holoholona i mua - ke laʻa, e laʻa ma ke komohana hema o Kili, ma ka mokupuni ʻo King kokoke i Tasmania a i ʻole nā moku ʻo Falkland a me ka mokupuni ʻo Juan Fernandez - ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i hoʻokahi.
I kēia lā, ua loaʻa nā kime elepani, i ʻōlelo paha kekahi, ua hoʻihoʻi mai i nā haʻalū i hala. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ua kiʻi hou lākou i ko lākou ikaika mua. Akā, ʻo kēia, ʻo ka mea ma kahi o nā holoholona i lalo o ka māla paʻa, no ka laʻana, ma ka Penini Valdez Argentinean, i ʻōlelo ʻia ua mālama ʻia, a i nā mokupuni ʻo Macquarie a i Hurd paha, kahi i hānai ʻia ai nā holoholona i pāpā ʻia no nā makahiki he kanahakumālima. Ke ulu maikaʻi nei nā holoholona, a e ulu ana ka nui o lākou mai kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia nō nā mokupuni e like me South Georgia a me Kerguelen, pana ʻia kahi hapa o ka pipi i kēlā manawa kēia manawa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua haʻi ʻia e hana nei lākou i lalo o ka mālama paʻa ʻana i ka ʻepekema.
No ke aha i mea maikaʻi loa nā elefona lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa? Loaʻa iā lākou kēia mau holoholona no ka nui o kā lākou subcutaneous fat. Ua kū i kona ʻāpana i kahi mānoʻima ʻumikūmālima sentimita! Pono ke holoholona e pale aku iā ia mai ka nalo i ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o kahi e hoʻopau ai ka hapa nui o kona ola. A huli ʻia kēia momona momona a nani loa. Ma muli ona, make wale nā elepana o ke kai, piʻi nā mauna a pau o kā lākou mau kupapaʻu ma kapa, a i laila hoʻi ma ke kahakai i nā kāla nui i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no kēia kumu, ua hoʻomāuʻo ka momona ... Ma ke kahakai ʻo Patagonian o ʻAmelika wale nō, mai 1803 a 1819, nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, English a me Dutch lawaiʻa i kolo i loko huina he miliona miliona a me kanaono haneri a me kanaono tausani lita o ka momona elepani. A ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka nui o nā holoholona i pepehi ʻia no kēia hana ua hiki i ka ʻehā i ʻeono tausani! Ua luku ʻia lākou i ke ala ākea loa: ʻoki lākou i ke ala e hoʻōla ai i ka wai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā ihe a i ʻole nā mea puhi ʻai i hū ʻia i loko o ka waha hāmama ...
Ano, ʻo kēia mau vats nui a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe no ka melting fat, e ʻalo ana i ka wai kai paʻakai, ke waiho mau nei ma nā kahakai o nā mokupuni o Patagonia ... ʻO kēia mau kiwi i haʻalele ʻia, e like me ia, e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo ʻole a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻole i ka hana kūlohelohe o ke kanaka i nā wā i hala aku nei a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he whakatupala no nā hanauna hou.
Ano, i ka wa e pau ai ke luku ana o na kanaka i na sila iala, ua hiki i ka manawa e ako ai ia lakou. Hana ʻia kēia e nā hui o nā ʻepekema mai nā ʻāina ʻē. Ua hana nui nā mea ʻala Pelekane i nā ʻike nui loa i ke ola o kēia mau giants ma nā mokupuni o Signy a me South Georgia ma lalo o ka mākaʻi a Kauka R. M. Loves o ka Pelekikena Antartika Pelekane, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻepekema Australia, alakaʻi ʻia e Dr. R. Carrick, i hana i nā mokupuni o Macquarie a me Heard. Ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena o kā lākou noiʻi ma Canberra i ka makahiki 1964. Ma hope kekahi, ua hana ka mea kaulana Zoologist Pelekane John Warham i nā mākaʻikaʻi ma nā mokupuni like ʻole.
He aha kāu i aʻo ai e pili ana i kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi a ʻilihune?
ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻaha nui loa, ʻo ke sila ʻo ka elephant kahi lawaiʻa maikaʻi. Hāʻawi kēia i nā ʻano fusiform o kona kino. Hiki i kekahi ʻekahi moana ke hele i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka iwakāluakūmākahi mau kilomita i hoʻokahi hola. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka wai hau, kahi ʻano o ka "quilted jacket" - kahi ʻōpala mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous - lawelawe ʻia ka palekana me ke anuanu. I ka wai, hōʻike kēia holoholona holoholona keu aku i ka manuʻeleu a me ka dexterity: a pau ka mea, ua loaʻa iā ia ke ola a me ka alualu ʻana i ka iʻa, e ʻimi ana i nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā plankton a me nā ʻano crustacean like ʻole. Hoʻopili nui ka hōʻailona elepani e noho i ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻokau maikaʻi i kahi hapaha maikaʻi o kona ola ma laila. He mea paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i nā holoholona lohi a hoʻolō! Hoʻehaʻi maikaʻi ʻo ia i kona kino kaumaha ma ka ʻāina stony, e neʻe nei me ke kōkua o nā māla mua o mua. I kēia manawa, ua like ʻo ia me nā ʻūhā nui a i ʻole nā anuhe: hoʻokahi "ʻiki" i kahi elepani moana aia he kanakolukumamālima wale nō mau kenekulia! ʻO ka paona pono'ī, no laila hiki ʻole i ka wai, ma ka ʻāina ke lilo i ka kaumaha hiki ʻole i ka holoholona. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka elepani o ka elepani, e moe ana a hiamoe koke me ka heroine, a me ka hiamoe. ʻAʻole paʻa maoli ka moe a ka elepani - i kēlā me kēia kūlana, e ala ana iā ia ʻaʻole maʻalahi. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ma ka mea no ka manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻaʻohe o ka ʻenemi i kēia mau ʻāina, a ʻo lākou, e like me ka rhinoceroses, ʻaʻohe kanaka e makaʻu a ʻaʻohe pono e hiamoe.
ʻO ka hiamoe nui o nā elepana o ke kai e kūlohelohe pinepine ana i nā zoologist Pelekane John Warham, nāna i alakaʻi i kāna mau ʻike ma ka mokupuni o Macquarie. I kēlā kakahiaka, ke haʻalele nei i kona halelewa, ua kipa aku ʻo ia ma o nā ʻīlio elepani e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ma ke alo o ka puka a hoʻopaʻa i kona ala. Holo maoli lākou i nā kāne ʻōpio me ka lōʻihi o ʻekolu a ʻehā a me ka hapa mika. Ua hiamoe loa lākou a hiamoe, he hohonu a hanu kā lākou hanu, e hoʻohuli ana i kekahi manawa me ke kaʻe ʻā ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ka mea nui loa i ka mea noiʻi e hele iā lākou: ua hele pololei ʻo ia ma ko lākou kua, akā no ka mea i kēia manawa i ko lākou manaʻo ua hele lākou i nā kāmaʻa paʻa (no ke aha lā lākou e hāpai ai i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka makaʻu), ua mamao loa ka pilikia ka pilikia.
A ʻo nā poʻe ʻepikema ʻAmelika e aʻo ana i nā ʻīlio elepani ma Guadeloupe, no ka lohi i kēia mau holoholona, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kaawale wale ʻana i ko lākou pulse a me ka mahana, akā e hoʻolilo pū i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ko lākou ʻili.
ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi kahi mea kupanaha ka hiki ʻana o nā elepani e hiamoe ma lalo o ka wai. Akā pehea pehea nā holoholona e mālama ai i ka hanu ma kēia manawa? Ma hope o nā mea āpau, e loaʻa ana i nā māmā, ʻaʻole i ka lau. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā mea ʻike o ka moʻo wai hohonu. Ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ʻelima mau minima paha ma lalo o ka wai, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ana ka umauma o ka holoholona, ʻoiai e paʻa mau ana nā pūlima. Mai kēia, ua emi ke kumu o ke kino, a puka nui aʻe. Ma ka kahe o ka wai, hamama nā ʻuʻuku, a no kahi ʻekolu mau minuke o ka holoholona hihiu. A laila e hāʻule hou i lalo. Hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nā maka i kēia manawa: ua hiamoe ka lālani.
Loaʻa nā pōhaku ma loko o ka ʻōpū o ka elephant. Manaʻo nā poʻe o nā wahi e noho ai kēia mau holoholona, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā pōhaku i ka waiho pōkole i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā elepani ma lalo o ka wai. Aia kekahi mau wehewehe. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā pōhaku i loko o ka ʻōpū ke hiki ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai - ua ʻoki piha i nā iʻa a me nā crustaceans.
ʻAi ʻia nā elepona o ke kai ma ka iʻa, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻulala ʻaʻa, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua. ʻO ka ʻoki i loko o kā lākou "papaina" ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau pakeneka. Eia naʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻelele o ka ʻelemakule e ʻai nui i nā iʻa. Wahi a Hagenbek kaulana ʻo zoologist, ʻo Goliath ka ʻelima mau mikaʻelima ʻelima mau mika i loko o kāna kāne menie e ʻai ana he kanalima kilekil o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka awelika! Ua hōʻike ʻia i kēia mau ʻōlelo i ka ichthyologists e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka heʻe ʻana o nā ʻōpū o ke kai he hoʻomaikaʻi no ka mea ua ʻōlelo lākou ke hakakā nei i ka poʻe lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa ... akā, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina akahele ʻole i ka hewa o kēia mau manaʻo. iʻa paʻahana ... Ma ka ʻāina, i ka wā hoʻoulu, hiki i ka elepani ke wikiwiki no nā hebedoma: i kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i kekahi mea, akā ke ola nei i nā mālama momona pilikino.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻana i kēia mau holoholona i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua wehe i nā mea huna o ko lākou ola a me kā lākou ʻano. Ma kekahi mau ʻaoʻao, ua lilo kēia mau kolamu i kahi kūpono no ka mea noiʻi: ʻaʻohe kūpono, inā, no ke ana ʻana i ko lākou lōʻihi, helu ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻano holoholona, ko lākou ʻano, nā ʻōpio, e nānā ana i ke ola "ʻohana" o kēia mau holoholona, ka hānau ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio, etc. e d. Akā e ho'āʻo e kaupaona i kēlā mau kīʻaha! Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma hope o nā mea a pau, he kāne kāne i kū "" ma kona mau wāwae wāwae "(a ʻo ia kā lākou mea hoʻoweliweli maʻamau) e lilo i kolamu kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka ʻike maoli o ke kiʻi o kēlā mau ʻano nunui o ia ʻano weliweli. He aha nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana iā ia a huki iā ia i nā pae unahi. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole kēia kahi hana maʻalahi - ka aʻo ʻana o ia mau holoholona, a pono ʻoe e lilo i mea hoʻoikaika maoli e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, mai poina e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi i hana ʻia ai kēia mau mea: e pili ana i nā makani kūlohelohe, ka wai kūlohelohe, he wai helehelena, ʻike ʻole ʻia. kā lākou hele ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā manawa i loko o ka hōʻano manuahi, kaʻina hana molting, nā pilina ma ka pā kau.
Akā, e hoʻomaka e ma ka hoʻoponopono. No nā makahiki ʻehā, ʻo nā mea ʻike manuʻāina ʻo Australia ma ka Heard a me Macquarie ʻAiʻoniʻoni a me nā ʻelima elepani elepani o ka elephant, e like me nā mea kīnaki a nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ma ka makahiki 1961, kokoke like ʻehiku mau tausani ʻekahi elepani. Ma hope aʻe i hiki ai ke hoʻoholo pono i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi, a i kekahi holoholona paha, ke ʻano e hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o ka rookery, ka hoʻohui ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ko lākou "home" a i ʻole ka hapanui e hoʻololi i nā wahi ... No laila, ʻo ka wahine ma lalo o ka helu "M-102" ʻehā mau makahiki i ka lālani Ua hānau ʻo ia i keiki ma kahi hoʻokahi a i ka makahiki ʻelima ua neʻe aku ʻo ia i ka hapalua mile. Ua kū hou ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu "ʻōpiopio" i nā hōʻailona o ka elephant ma luna o ka rookery ma mua o ka ʻoi ʻana o ka poʻe makua i komo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, kahi e hāʻule ai ma waena o ʻAukake a me waena waena o Nowemapa. Ke hana ʻia nei nā ʻano kanu ʻia i nā holoholona o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole i nā manawa like ʻole. Pēlā, aneane ʻole mau ka rookery - ua loli wale ka contingent o kona poʻe noho.
I waena o nā kāne, ʻehā mau pūʻulu e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maopopo. ʻO ka mea mua - "nā ʻōpiopio" - nā holoholona nā makahiki mai hoʻokahi a ʻeono makahiki, ʻo kā lākou nui, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mika. Hōʻike lākou i ka rookery i ka hoʻoilo, ka mea ma hope o nā ālaʻi, me ke kumu maopopo i ka hoʻomaha wale ʻana i ka ʻauʻau. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ka mea mua loa - i ka lā Dekemaba (i ke kauwela o ka manawa ma ke kahakaha hema), a laila hele mai nā holoholona āpau a pau i ka ʻoi loa o ke ʻano o ka wā kahiko: ʻo ka mea kahiko i ka makahiki, ka hope
ʻO ka lua, a ʻo ke “ʻōpio'ōpio,” ka haku ʻia o nā holoholona e piha ana i nā makahiki he ʻeono a i ʻumikūmākolu makahiki. Hele lākou i ke kahakai i ka wā lūlū, ma hope koke o ka hoho ʻana o nā keiki bipi i nā wahine, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka hakakā me nā kāne kahiko, a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waʻa (ma hope o ka ʻāʻī o nā bipi) kau pū lākou i ke kai.
ʻO nā pūʻulu makahiki hou e kapa ʻia nei nā mea noi. ʻO kēlā mau kāne, i ka nui mai ka ʻehā a me ka hapa i ʻeono mau mika, me kahi haʻaheo e haʻalulu nui nei, ke ukiuki mau nei a piʻi i ka hakakā me nā mea nona nā ʻāpana - nā mea nona nā "harems" - nā kāne ʻelemakule ikaika, e hoʻāʻo ana e hana hou i kahi hapa o nā wahine mai lākou. ʻO kēia mau kāne kahiko i kūkulu ʻehā i ka makahiki ʻehā.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mea nona ka harem he hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa. He nui kona, hoʻoweliweli, lili a paʻakikī. Inā ʻokoʻa ia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke noho ma kāna "post". Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo "harem" ka nui o nā wahine he ʻumikūmole, a mālama i kēlā mau mea kupanaha, me ka hakakā ʻana i ka laha ʻana i nā ʻōhua like ʻole a me nā "hoʻowahāwahā ʻia" i nā ʻano nani o ka wahine. harem "hooho i ka ʻeha huhū a lele iā ia, e wāwahi ana i nā mea a pau e kū mai ana: kahakaha nā wahine a hehi i nā ʻōpala ... Kahi" haku "nui ma ka laulā, he kānāwai, he holoholona ʻano ʻano like ʻole loa. ʻEke pinepine ia e hana ʻino ana i ka make o nā pēpē hou. Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā e hele ana kahi kāne, e hoʻomānouki ana i kahi ʻaka nui no kāna iho, ʻaʻole naʻe i manaʻo e ala aʻe e hoʻokuʻu i ka mea pōʻino.
Inā nui ka "harem" no ka mea hoʻokahi, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e "kōkua" e mālama i kāna mau wahi huna ...
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike ʻike ka ka kāne kahiko a me ka poʻe ikaika i ka "harem" i ka wā holo nui, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne ʻōpio a nāwaliwali e pono ke hāʻawi i ke hoa i ʻoi aku iā lākou ma ka ikaika. ʻOiai ke kaua pinepine nā kāne i ka wai, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai, hoʻomaka ka panic i kēlā manawa - e hoʻomaka ana nā wahine hopohopo, a hoʻāʻo nā ʻōpio e pakele. No laila, mai nā "harems", kahi a lākou e kahaha nui loa ai, hoʻāʻo ka wahine e neʻe i nā "harlem" calmer.
He ʻike kupanaha ka hakakā o nā kāne. ʻO ke kūleʻa, ke alapeke i kēlā me kēia mea, ke kū i luna i "nā wāwae hind", e piʻi ana i ʻehā mau mika ma luna o ka wai pāpaku, a me ka manuahi i kēia kūlana no nā minuke nui, e like me nā kiʻi o nā pōloli. Hōʻalo nā holoholona i kahi puʻu lapuwale, ko lākou mau wahi kahi i ka nui ke kahakaha ʻana, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka ʻenemi me kahi pahu o ka pīpī. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, huli pinepine ka hoa palupalu ma hope, e hoʻomau ana i ke kani ʻana i ka menacingly, a hoʻi i ke ala palekana, e hoʻomaka. Hoʻouka ka mea lanakila i ka leo hoʻokiʻekiʻe a ke hana nei, a i hana i nā kīhaka hoʻopunipuni ma hope o ka mea i mahuka ai, nīnī ʻia a hoʻi hou i ke kahakai.
Ke hele ʻole aku kekahi o nā ʻenemi, e hoʻokūkū ana ke kaua. A laila hoʻohui ʻia nā kino ikaika e kekahi i kekahi, me ka neʻe wikiwiki a me ke alo o ke poʻo, e hoʻāʻo nā mea āpau e hoʻokomo i kā lākou mauʻu i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻenemi. Eia naʻe, paʻakikī o ka ʻili o kahi elepani moana, a he palupalu, a hāmama ʻia me ka papa mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous, ʻaʻole hiki mai nā hōʻeha hōʻeha. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kīleʻa a me nā ʻolua e mau ai i ka ʻāʻī o ke kāne no ke ola, akā ʻo ia wale nō.
ʻAʻole hopohopo e nānā hoʻoweliweli i kēia hakakā, aia i ka nui o nā hihia ʻaʻole ia e hele mai i ke kahe koko nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea āpau i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe, weliweli nui a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano kaiāulu: ʻike ʻia ka ikaika loa, ka mea e hāpai i nā hana o ka mea hana i ka wā hana a me ka mea e kahuli ana i ka huaʻōlelo, a e hoʻouna i ka hua i kāna mau kūlana maikaʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole make ka male ʻōpio nāwaliwali i ke kahua kaua a no laila ʻaʻole ia e huli i ka hana hou o ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻano a ...
Inā ke kaʻahele ʻia nā pūnaewele ʻokoʻa a me nā "harems", ʻaʻole i kū ka hakakā ma waena o nā hoalauna kāne kūlima. Inā ua haki kekahi i ke kūpaʻa o ka teritial, ua lawa ia no ka "mea nona" e kū a ulu no laila ke haʻalele koke ka palena.
Ma ka pili ʻana i ke kāne, ʻaʻole e hōʻike mau ke kāne kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻi lākou, akā ʻo ka wahine paha ke ʻano he mea weliweli loa loa ia no ka mea noiʻi i ʻaʻa e komo i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka ʻohana. ʻO John Varham, ma kahi laʻa e pono ai ke kamaʻilio me ko lākou mau niho koi i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka lele a me ka hilahila e holo wale ana, e waiho ana i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o kona wāwae i ka ʻōpū moana ākea ...
E pili ana i nā wahine e haʻi nui aku. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine i mua o nā kāne - ʻehā a hiki ke piʻi a ʻekolu mau mika ka lōʻihi a me hoʻokahi tonona paona. Ke ulu mālie lākou nei, akā e hoʻoikaika ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā kāne: ma o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki ua hala ke ʻano ʻelemakule, mau kāne, akā, hiki i ka wā lololo.
E hoʻomaka ana ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai ka ʻAukake a hiki i ka waena o Nowemapa. ʻIke ʻia nā wahine ma ka rookery “i ka wā i hānai” ai i nā lā ʻelima he mau keiki lākou. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā cubs mai ka Pōʻalua a hiki i ka waena o ʻOkakopa. ʻO ka poʻe nona nā "harems" e kiaʻi mau ana i nā wahine i ka wā o ka hua.
Hiki ke kamaʻilio nā kāne a me nā kāne ma ke kahakai i hōʻānai ʻia ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i ka momona i loko o ke kai. He pono kēia no ka “wikiwiki” e hoʻomanawanui lākou ma ka ʻāina: ʻo nā kāne “wikiwiki” a hiki i ʻelua mau pule, a ʻo nā wahine paha i hoʻokahi mahina. Akā i ka manawa o kēia manawa, e hoʻomanawanui ka wahine i nā pilikia a pau e pili ana i ka hānau ʻana o ka hānai keiki a me ka hānai ʻana i nā cubs, a pono nā kāne a i ka hakakā o ke ʻano kīkē e hiki mai ana a me nā mea pili i nā hakakā.
ʻIke ʻia i kahakai a mākaukau no ka hānau keiki ʻana, loaʻa nā wahine i kahi mamao ma kēlā me kēia, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopili kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao, e like me ka wā maʻamau. ʻO ka hānau pono ia ka iwakālua mau minuke paha, a ʻike ʻia ke keiki. Eia nō naʻe, he nani kona: uhi ʻia i ka lauoho ʻeleʻele ulaula a nānā i ka honua a me nā maka he nui. Ke kaupaona nei ka "pēpē" ma kahi o kanalima mau kilo, a hiki i kahi mita a me ka hapa ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka hōʻailona pākeke ...
Ka hānau ʻia, hoʻoili ʻia ka pahu i kahi pōkole pōkole e like me ka ʻīlio, pane like ka makuahine, me ia, ʻāwili wale ʻia, a penei hoʻomanaʻo. Ma hope iho, e weheʻokoʻa ʻo ia iā ia mai nā mau cubs a pau, a hoʻi hou lākou i ka hoʻāʻo e pakele.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo koke ʻia ka hopena e hiki mai ana ma ka wahine ma waena o ka wahine nāhelehele e kuʻi ʻia nā manu ʻalaʻula nui, ma kekahi mau wahi i kapa ʻia he ʻano kamihi lākou. Ke hana nei kēia mau manu he "bidwahine" ma nā elepani. Me ka keu nui, wehe lākou i ka film hānau a me ka plasenta, a inā pono, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi i kahi pēpē hānau. ʻAʻole kue nā Skua e mālama iā lākou iho i ka waiū o nā wahine hānai e hūnā ana ma ka ʻāina.
ʻOi ka momona o kēia waiū (aneane hapa ka hapalua o ka momona), a ulu nā cubs me ka wikiwiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia: mai elima a he ʻumikumamālua kilo i hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā! I nā lā heʻumikumamākahi, ʻelua lākou e kaupaona i ke paona, a e ʻokiʻoki i ke kau he ʻelua a me nā hapa heʻumi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohui lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi, eia naʻe ke kūkulu nei lākou i kahi pīhoihoi momona - ʻehiku a me ka hapa kenimika, pono lākou e makemake mua i ka mua: pono e pale i ko lākou kino mai ka hypothermia i ka wā lōʻihi e noho nei i ka wai.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻo "coho," a kapa ʻia lākou ma Patagonia, a pau ka hana ʻana i nā wahine. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi pono lākou i ka hulu ʻeleʻele "pēpē me ke kala-kala, ke nānā maikaʻi loa ʻia nei a māʻona lākou. Haʻalele koke lākou ua haʻalele i ka "harem", e holo ana i ka hohonu o ke kahakai, kahi e noho ai lākou a kūkulu i ka io. I nā makahiki he ʻelima, hoʻomaka e ka ulu ʻōpio i kāna hoʻāʻo ʻana e hanu mua. I nā pō anuanu a mālie, hele mai nā wī o ke kai i loko o ka wai o nā kahe i hoʻomoʻena ʻia e ka lā a i ʻole nā mea i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka wai haʻahaʻa a ʻauʻau e kokoke ana me ke kahakai. E lilo ʻoluʻolu a wiwo ʻole lākou, wiwo ʻole e hele i kahi huakaʻi hele a hiki i ka wā i waiho ai lākou i kā lākou ʻano kaona ʻewalu mau keiki a hala hoʻi ...
Eia hou kekahi, pono wale kekahi ke noʻonoʻo pehea ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea āpau i nā mea kūlohelohe. Ke lilo ka ulu ʻana o ka wā ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia manawa a ke aloha nui ʻia nā mea e ola ana. Eia i kēia manawa, kiʻi ʻia ka wai i loko o kahi papa o ka plankton, a ʻo nā elepani ʻōpio i hoʻolako ʻia me ka nui o ka ʻai, a me ka ʻai nui no nā mahina he nui.
Eia naʻe, hōʻike ka mana o nā holoholona i kāpili ʻia i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe: make ka hapalua o nā cubs i ka makahiki mua o ko lākou ola. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia nā poho, a ma kahi o ka ʻahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio i hiki i ka makahiki ʻehā makahiki.
Wahi a kēia mau ʻike, ua hiki mai nā loea o Ausetalia i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Inā pono e pana i kekahi hapa o nā pua o nā elepani o ka elepani (ma muli o ka hehi nui ʻana o ka rookery, ka hapa ʻole o ka ʻai, a me nā mea), a laila ʻoi nā holoholona ʻōpiopio nona ka ʻelima mau hebedoma hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā ʻaʻole loa e hiki i ka wā e pana i nā kāne makua ʻoi loa, e like me ka wā i hana ma South Georgia, ma kahi o ka manawa kauwela ua luku lākou he ʻeono tausani. Ma waho o ka mālama pono ʻole o ka "harems", hoʻoneʻe ka nui o nā kāne kahiko, no ka mea, hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e hoʻouka mau i nā kaua me kekahi, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa mua. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ke komo ʻole ʻana i ke kanaka i nā hana o ke ʻano, a no laila e pono ke pale ʻia i nā hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻekekema ʻana ʻana o ka ʻepekema.
Akā hoʻi i ka hōʻola o nā elepana o ke kai, kahi a ka poʻe ʻōpio i haʻalele aku ai. Ma hope o ka "hoʻomoe" i ka ʻōpio, ua hele hou ka hoa wahine me ka mea nona ka "harem" a ma hope lākou e hele ai i ke kai - hoʻohemo i ka paʻakikī o ka hānai keiki, ʻai maikaʻi a kūkulu pū i kahi momona hou a hiki i ko lākou hele hou ʻana i ka ʻōpala - i Pepeluali, i ka wā molting.
A eia hoʻi ke haʻi ʻia nei kekahi o nā ʻano kupaianaha loa o ka holoholona holoholona i nā kūlana o ke ola: ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka wahine, ua hoʻokuʻu iki ʻia kekahi manawa, a ʻo ka embryo, he mea ia i mālama ʻia "no ka wā maikaʻi ʻole o ka wā ola o ka holoholona - i kēia hihia, no ka molting. (Hōʻike ʻia kahi hanana like ʻole i kekahi mau holoholona - he nui nā pinnipeds, a me ka sable, rabbit, kangaroo, etc.) Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka emryo i ka lā Malaki wale nō, a ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka molting i nā wahine.
ʻO nā kāne ikaika, nā mea nona nā kahakai, e hele mai e hoʻoheheʻe nui ma hope - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻApelila. Pono ke ola ma luna o ka rookery i kahi mea e ola hou ai.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, hele mua nā ʻōpio, a ma hope - nā poʻe kahiko. I ka wā o ka molting, mālama pū nā hui makahiki, akā e ka wahine: nā wahine me nā kāne, a ʻo nā kāne me nā kāne. Hōʻola ʻia, ma muli o ka makahiki, kū hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau mahina. A hiki i kona hoʻokau ʻana, ʻaʻole lele nā holoholona i ka neʻe, no ka mea ua hiki i ka pili koko o ka ʻili o ka ʻula ua hoʻomāhelena a hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu koke ʻia ke ʻano o ka hana i ka thermoregulation mekanism, ʻo ia hoʻi ka make kokoke i ka wai hau.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka elephant huluhulu ka mea nui loa i kapa ʻia: ua kau ʻia ka ʻili kahiko ma luna me nā ʻūpā haehae. ʻO ka wahine mua ke iho aku ia i nā muzzle, a laila mai ke koena o ke kino. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe ʻilihune i kā lākou mau palima ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, e hoʻāʻo ana e wikiwiki i kēia hana, kahi mea leʻaleʻa loa no lākou ...
Aia nā holoholona hūlū i loko o kekahi mau kao ʻana nui, ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai ke kahakai, a me ka huki ʻana a huli hoʻi, hoʻāla ka lepo, hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o kahi lua. Pipi ʻia lākou i loko o kēia pū me nā ihu loa. He mea weliweli ka ʻōpū a puni i kēia manawa. No laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi āpau ke kū pū me ia ... Ma ke ala, e pili ana i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi e kipa aku ana i nā wahi i pale ʻia. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ua haʻi aku ke aupuni o Argentine i ka liʻiliʻi ʻo Valdez Peninsula ma ke ʻākau o Patagonia pale ʻia. Ma kēia peni, ua noho ʻo nā koloni o nā silahe elepani, a helu ʻia ʻo ia mau haneli he nui. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "elephantium" (ʻĀpana), a ʻoi hou, ua wehe nā malihini i ka ʻike ma laila. Hoʻokahi haneli me kanaono kumamalima mau kilomita mai ka rookery, ua kū mai ke kauhale o Puerto Madryn. A ʻoiai ka wai o ka wai maʻa loa no ka ʻauʻau ʻana, nui ka poʻe hoʻomaha e hele ma ke ʻano he "elephantium". E pili ana nā alakaʻi alakaʻi ma kā lākou lawelawe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi huakaʻi, e holo ana ma kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, e kipa aku ana ma ka Valdez Peninsula me kāna mau ʻano honi ʻoniʻoni o nā elephant. ʻO ka kahe nui ʻana o nā mākaʻikaʻi, e hōʻike leo ana i ko lākou hoihoi a nānā mau i nā kāmela, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i nā holoholona, i hōʻino i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka manawa e hānau ai nā wahine. Males - ʻo nā mea nona nā "harems" i hoʻomaka e hoʻāliʻi hou aʻe ma mua o ka hana maʻamau. Huhu lākou me ka huhū e hālāwai me nā malihini kipa hilahila, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokuke iā lākou i "ko lākou ʻāina", pe hoʻokau i kā lākou "harem" holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka wai ...
haki elepani Hema - M. leonina Linnaeus, 1758 (ka wai kahawai mokulima ʻākau a 16 ° S a i hema hema a ʻAkakeka pack - 78 ° S, e hoʻolaha ana i ka Punta Norte a me Tierra del Fuego ma Argentina a me Mokupuni ʻo Falkland, Kōkimaka Shetland Hema, South Orkney, South Georgia, South Sandwich, Gough, Marion, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Hurd, Macquarie, Auckland, Campbell),
hōʻailona haoli ʻākau - M. angustirostris Gill, 1866 (nā mokupuni mai ke kahakai ʻo Mekiko a me Kaleponi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a Vancouver a me Prince of Wales, mauʻu ma nā mokupuni o San Nicholas, San Miguel, Guadalupe a me San Benito).
Ua kokoke kokoke i ka luku ʻia ʻo ka hōʻailona elephant ʻākau ma ka luku ʻana i ka make nui ʻana, eia naʻe ma muli o ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kona mau helu a hoʻomau mau.
ʻO ka huina o nā kime helima hema no ka helu he 600-700 tausani holoholona, a me nā elepani ʻākau - he mau tausani wale nō nā holoholona.
Holo ʻia nā kime elepani Hema ma nā pani kahakai, aia nā palena lawaiʻa i ka manawa, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻīlima hōʻoki ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi o 3.5 m ka lōʻihi a me kā lākou helu. No ka mea laahi, i ka makahiki 1951, ʻae ʻia kahi 8 mau heihe o ka elepani e ʻimi ʻia aku, ua ʻimi ʻia he 7,877.
Ke kai elepana a me ka noho ʻana
Hoʻopaʻa pinepine nā elepana o ke kai i ka manawa o kā lākou ʻano hānau - wai. Ma ka ʻāina, ua koho wale ʻia lākou no ka moe a me ka molting. ʻO ka manawa i hala ma ka papa o ka honua ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau mahina.
Nā wahi kahi e noho ai nā ʻelele kaukaʻi i ko lākou ʻano. Aia nō Hōʻailona elephante noho ana ma na kapakai o Amerika Akau, a na ʻĀlima hema o ʻAzakiika kona noho.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa, hōʻuluʻulu wale nō e hānai i ka hua. Aia ma ka ʻāina, noho nā elepani ma kahakai i ʻeli ʻia me nā ʻili a me nā pōhaku. Hiki i kahi holoholona manu ke helu ma mua o 1000 mau kanaka. Ua mālie nā elepana o ke kai, a me nā holoholona phlegmatic liʻiliʻi.