ʻO ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi kanaka kamaʻāina maʻamau. Kahi ʻike ʻia kona mau ʻuʻu nui loa i nā kauhale a me nā kauhale ʻaʻole wale ma luna o nā lāʻau nui, akā ma luna o nā hale o nā hale. Akā ʻo kāna mea pili kupaianaha hou loa - ʻaʻole i pili ke kanaka ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke loaʻa i kāna mau nausea, ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i loko o nā nāhelehele hohonu.
Noho kahi e noho ai
ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano ma Eurasia mai ka Iberian Peninsula a i ke Southern Primorye a me ka waha o ka muliwaiʻo Amur, e hoʻopili ana ma ka ʻākau i ka ʻanuʻu 61stelel, ma ka hema i Northern China. Nohoʻo ia ma Aferika Hema. ʻO ka hoʻoilo i nā pōlele ʻeleʻele e noho ana ma Eurasia, aia ma Africa, China a me India. I Lūkia, ʻoihana manuahi
2300-2500 mau kāleʻa ʻeleʻele. Mai ka hoʻoilo, lele ka lele i ka pua metam i loko o ʻApelila - mua o Mei.
E aloha nui ke poʻo kuʻalāʻau
ʻO ka maʻamau, noho nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka pāpū kiʻekiʻe a me nā wao nahele e ulu ana ma kahi o ke awāwa nui o nā kahawai, kahi e waiho ai nā meʻa, kahi a me nā wai pāpū. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, loaʻa ia i nā wahi ākea ākea me nā pūʻulu o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā kahakaha pōhaku. Hōʻalo nā manu i nā noho o nā kānaka; aia wale nō ma ka mea hānai e hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi manawa i loko o nā ʻāina anthropogen.
He aha nā mea like
ʻO ka manu ʻeleʻele kahi manu ākea nui (e lele ana nā ʻēheu i ka 2 m) me nā wāwae lōʻihi a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka plumage o ka manu me ka ʻeleʻele me ka poni a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole kāʻala paha, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o lalo wale nō e keʻokeʻo. ʻWāwī, ʻōwili keʻokeʻo a puni nā maka a me nā wāwae he ʻulaʻula ulaula. Hāʻawi nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka ʻōpio, i ka ʻōpio ke brown a ka plumage, ʻaʻohe metallic luster.
Pehu a ʻili a puni ke alo o nā maka ʻeleʻele kahi ʻulaʻula
Noho malie ka ʻeleʻele, aia wale nō i ka wā mākela ke lohe i kona leo: ke "hookeʻo" ʻoi, "hiʻo sonorous, a me ke kani leo" chelin ", a me ke kaomi maloʻo a kahi beak.
ʻ .lelo Hoʻolaha Kūleʻele
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele he manu huna a mālama hoʻi. Akā, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hiki i mua o ka ʻike ʻana, no ka mea ke aloha a kēia manu i ka ulu ʻana i ka pā, i kekahi manawa e piʻi nui ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻomaka nei ka wā kanu i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake a mau i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena. I ka wā lele, mālama ʻia nā ʻeleʻele i loko o nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻohana, i kekahi manawa he mau pūʻulu o 50 a manu. ʻO Winters ma Africa. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, a puni ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, hoʻomaka nā māla i kūkulu hale i ka nū. Hoʻonohonoho lākou i ka pūnana ʻaʻole ma ka piko, akā ma nā lālā ʻaoʻao o kahi lāʻau, ʻehā 2 m mai ka ʻāpana nui. ʻAʻole pili kokoke kahi 6 km mai kahi i kekahi.
Pehu a me ka ʻili a puni ke alo o kahi ʻeleʻele stork ʻulaʻula
He ʻokoʻa nā wahi hānai no nā ʻeleʻele: nā māla laiki, nā ʻuʻu mākeke, nā mākeke, nā kahakai o ka loko. ʻO ka ʻai a nā meaʻai a Stork, ʻo ka iʻa, nā nīneke, nā ʻapa a me nā baki, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi hihia i kaulana ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha i ka manawa i lawe mai ai kekahi o nā mākua i ka 48 mau bako i kā lākou mau moa i hoʻokahi manawa.
ʻO nā martens maʻamau a me nā pōhaku, hiki i nā ahe nui ke hoʻoulu i nā moa.
ʻAno hānau
E like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka detate, ʻo ka ʻōpū ʻeleʻele he manu monogamous. Hoʻi hou nā manu i kā lākou pūnana makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻalā uliuli i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku nui (a i ka 1.5 m ʻniha ka lōʻihi) ma nā lālā nui a i ʻole ka pā ākea i loko o ka ʻeha o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. I ka ʻāpana wāwae, he pua ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā pōhaku kaohi. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā ʻuʻuku mai nā lālā ākea a me nā kumulāʻau, kahi nui loa ka hiki ʻole i ka manu ke hoʻokūkū iā lākou. Ma kahi pāiki pili iā 3-5 mau hua. ʻO ke kāne a ka wahine, ke hoʻololi hou i kekahi i kekahi, incubate clutch no 4.5-6 mau pule. ʻOiai nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā moa, ʻoiai kekahi o nā mākua i ka nalo, a ʻo ka ʻē aʻe e luhi no ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Hānau ʻia nā huaheu, ua uhi ʻia iā lākou nā pālepa hina-keʻokeʻo
ʻO nā lā 10 he mua, pau nā pēpē e hāʻule ana. Hoʻokahi mau mahina ʻelua wale ma hope o ka huki ʻana i nā hua, ʻae nā pipi i ka ʻēheu. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoulu hou ma kā lākou wale nō ma ke ʻano o 3.
Kahi ʻia ma ka Red Red Russia
I loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia, ua hāʻawi ka ʻeleʻele ʻoi ka kolu ʻauhau i ka ʻāpana mālama mālama e like me nā mea ulu ʻole, ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea e hoʻemi ana. I nā makahiki 1960, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o kēia mau manu ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu organochlorine i ka mahiʻai ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi i ulu ai ka pua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu pono i nā kumu kumu no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā helu.
No ke aha i mea kahiko ai lākou i hoʻohanohano ai i nā kiʻi?
ʻAʻole wale ma ka wā kahiko, akā mahalo nō nā kānaka i nā manu ʻalohi lohi - nā pua, i hoʻopau ʻia iā lākou me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, i kekahi manawa a me nā kānaka. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻū, ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpala, ka baki a me nā nahe, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka honua a me nā ʻuhane ʻino me lākou. Ma keia hana ʻana i nā kānaka ma luna o kahi e hana ai kahi pūnana e mālama pono iā ia me ka mālama nui, ʻaʻole loa hoʻi e luku. Ma kekahi mau'āina, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻohana i ka mea mālama ʻeuʻeu o ka ʻohana no ka mea noho mau kēia mau manu i ʻelua mau lua a ʻoluʻolu mau kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻāʻo ana e pale i ka lili a me ka hoʻopalau. ʻAʻole mālama pono nā ʻano pili i kā lākou hua, a me ko lākou mau mākua, no ka Helene Helene kēia mau ʻōuli o ke aloha aloha.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻeleʻele
Mai nā kaikunāne ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa kēia kapa i ka waiho ʻia o ka hulu o ka hulu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o luna o kona kino me ka hulu ʻeleʻele me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula. Ke keʻokeʻo loa ka ʻāpana o lalo. Nui a nui ka manu i ka nui.
ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe e piʻi i ka 110 cm me ke kaumaha o 3 kg. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka manu i ulana ʻia e pili ana iā 150-155 cm. He lōʻihi nā wāwae lōʻihi, ka ʻāʻī a me kahi ʻaki. ʻUlaʻula nā wāwae a me ke ʻula hoʻi. Hana ʻia ka umauma me nā hulu ʻulaʻula a me nā hulu, he mea i like me ka kolo manu hulu.
Hoʻololi nā maka i nā ʻōuli ulaula. ʻAʻohe ala e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine mai ke kāne; ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o kā lākou ʻokoʻa i ka helehelena. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne wale nō. Akā ʻōpiopio ʻeleʻele mai ka wā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻano a puni nā maka.
I ka poʻe'ōpio'ōmaʻomaʻo-hina. ʻOi aku ka ulu ʻana o ka manu. Hana ka mea like me ka plumage. I ka poʻe'ōpiopio e laula wale. Me ka nui o ka makahiki, loaʻa i ka plumage ka mea hou aku a me ka variegation.
I kēia manawa, liʻiliʻi nā liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi ākea ākea ākea o kā lākou neʻe iʻoi aku ma mua o 5000 mau pālua o kēia mau manu. ʻO kahi nalo nui loa o nā ʻāpana āpau ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻeleʻele.
No ke aha e ʻaʻole maopopo ai kēia mea, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe manu a nā ʻenemi ma ke kūlohelohe. ʻO kona nui kupaianaha e hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe neʻe liʻiliʻi, a hiki iā ia ke holo aku mai nā nui.
Hōʻike e hōʻike nei i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou mau pēpē, hōʻike kēia mau manu i ka manawa wela wela loa. Ke wā wela ʻole loa ʻia ma ke alanui, a, ma muli, i ka pūnana o nā manu, pīpī lākou i ka hua pēpē hānau hou a me ka manu holoʻokoʻa me ka wai. A laila, hoʻokele lākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana.
Ma ka ka ho'ākāka ʻana me kahi keʻokeʻo uliuli hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i nā nani a me ka nani o kēia manu. ʻO ka poʻe i laki i ka ola maoli e ʻike i kēia hana mana o ke ʻano, ua hoʻomanaʻo lākou i kēia manawa me ke ʻano. ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi i ka manawa like i kahi mea kupaianaha, e like paha, hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hui ʻia kiʻi kumu ʻeleʻele.
Mai ka nānā ʻana ua ʻike ʻia kēlā keʻokeʻo a me ke kapa ʻeleʻele ʻ languageslelo ʻē, ʻaʻole maopopo lākou i kekahi. I kekahi zoo, hoʻāʻo lākou e hui i kahi kāne ʻeleʻele kāne a keʻokeʻo wahine paha. ʻAʻohe mea i hele i kēia. No laila, ʻoiai kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana i ka wā o ka mako, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole loa.
Habitat a me ke ʻano o ke kapa ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka ʻāpana āpau o Eurasia ka home o kēia manu. Noho ka ʻeleʻele ma nā wahi, e pili ana i ka manawa o ka makahiki. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka wā ulu, ua nānā pono kēia mau manu i ka lepa ʻākau. I ka hoʻoilo, lele lākou i nā ʻāina o ʻAsia a me ʻApelika Waena.
Hoʻopuka pū ʻo Rūsia i ka manaʻo o kēia mau manu nani. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou ma nā ʻāina e pili ana i ke Kai Baltic, a me ke aupuni no ka Far East. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Primorye kahi mea punahele loa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kala ʻeleʻele he i Belarus. ʻOi aku kēia mau manu i ko lākou makemake i ka nahele nahele, me nā muliwai liʻiliʻi, a me nā kahawai, ma kahi o nā noho kanaka. Kahi wahi wahi ma Belarus.
Hōʻoluʻolu nā lāʻau ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole wale e noho ma laila, akā, e hānau pū i kā lākou keiki. I ka hoʻoilo, pono lākou e hele i nā ʻāina mahana. ʻAʻole kēlā mau manu e noho mau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Nūpepa a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pele uliuli i waiho ʻia i ka hoʻomaka.
ʻAʻole lākou makemake e hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i loko o kēia honua he nui nā mea like, mahalo ʻoe i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā manu a me nā holoholona me ka hōʻole ʻole iā lākou a me ka huki ʻole ʻole ʻana i kā lākou nānā. Ma Estonia, no ka laʻana, i mea e aʻo maikaʻi ai i ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻeleʻele, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele i kekahi mau wahi.
He hoihoi loa ia ke nānā i ka manu i ka lele. Huki ʻia kona ʻāʻī, aʻo kona mau wāwae lōʻihi e hāliu ʻia i hope. E like me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele i nā hihia pinepine e kūleʻe loa i loko o ka waena ma nā ʻaoʻao ākea a me nā kūlana hoʻomaha. ʻO ko lākou huakaʻi ke hele pū me nā ʻūo kūlohelohe e hōʻea mai iā mākou e like me kahi chili.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ke poʻo ʻeleʻele
I ka wā o ko lākou neʻe ʻana, hiki i nā manu ke uhi i nā ākea nui, a hiki i 500 km. E hele i kēlā mau moana. ʻAʻole lākou makemake e lele ma luna o ke kai no ka manawa lōʻihi.
No kēia kumu, ʻike pinepine nā luina e ʻike i nā ʻeleʻele e lele ana i luna o ke kai. I mea e holo ai i ka wao Sahara, noho lākou i kahi kokoke i ke kapakai.
Hōʻano ʻia ka makahiki he 10 o ʻAukake e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o nā pua ʻeleʻele i kahi ʻaoʻao southerly. I ke kauwela Manawa, hoʻi ka manu i ko lākou mau home. I ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano huna o kēia mau manu, ua ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia no ko lākou ala ola.
Makemake nui nā ʻeleʻele e ʻai i nā huahana ola. ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā baki, nā mea hihiu e noho kokoke ana i ka wai, i kekahi manawa he reptile e hoʻohana ʻia. I nā pilikia liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā mea kanu aku. I mea e loaʻa ai ka ʻai iā ia iho, ua lanakila ko kēia manu ma luna o 10 km. A laila hoʻi lākou i ka pūnana.
Nā ʻano ʻōpū
I ke kūlohelohe, aia he 18 mau ʻanoʻano o ke ʻano. Hiki iā lākou ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā mea i koho ʻia i manaʻo ʻia he mea maʻamau a kaulana loa.
- Keʻokeʻo White Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 1m. He manu palaka ʻokeʻo ka manu. E pale aku i kēia kiʻi, maopopo nā wāwae a me ka beak o ka hulu hulu manu. Hoʻohui nā manamana lima o nā manamana ma nā membrane. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me ke kāne. ʻO nā wahine liʻiliʻi wale nō ka liʻiliʻi. He lei leo leo leo manu. ʻAʻole loa he leo i lohe ʻia mai lākou.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
- Nika ʻAlo Kauka ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ia i ka hiʻohiʻona mai ke keʻokeʻo, ʻo ka Far East wale nō ka mea nui a ʻonanika ka waiho ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia mau manu i nā mea e hele a emi iho, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 mau kānaka.
Nika ʻAlo Kauka
- ʻOhi kūloko e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma luna o ke kino o keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ma lalo. ʻUlaʻulaʻula kona mau wāwae a me ke kakā. Ma muli o kona hiki ʻana i kona mau puʻupuʻu leo, kani nā leo kuʻuna.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi ʻeleʻele
- Beak stork ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā manu nui loa o kēia ʻano. ʻO kahi wahi a puni ka maka o kahi manu i ʻole ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohaʻo ʻia ka beak i lalo a he ʻulaʻula. I ke kala hāleʻele a keʻokeʻo, loaʻa ke alakaʻi ʻia i nā ʻili ʻōwili i ke kino o ka beak.
I ke kiʻi, beak stork
- Marabu piha ʻole i plumage ma ke poʻo. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi ʻāpana marabou ke hōʻike i kahi beak nui.
Kuiakaue Marabou
- Wehe ʻo Stork. ʻĀhinahina me nā hulu ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka beak ka nui, hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Kōkua
Kāleka
Hoʻohālike like nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hiʻohiʻona waho me ke ʻano o nā kiʻi maʻamau. Ma waho aʻe o ka plumage ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ka pale ʻeleʻele ma ke kua, nā ʻēheu, ke poʻo, ke poʻo, ka umauma. I loko o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e paʻi ʻia i ka ʻōpū a me ka undercoat. I ka manawa like, ma nā pākeke, ka loaʻa ka plumage i kahi hāpulā pelu, ʻulaʻula a me ke metallic.
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Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi wahi ma kahi o nā maka me ka ʻole o ka plumage o kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ka beak a me nā wāwae kekahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula māmā. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma o ka poʻe ʻōpiopio e lawe i nā kaila brown me nā ʻoniʻoni ʻawaʻawa ʻoi ma ka hulu. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hōʻea ana nā pākeke pakeke i 80-110 cm. Na kaupaona nā wahine mai 2.7 a 3 kg, aʻo nā kāne kau paona ʻia mai 2.8 a 3.2 kg. ʻO ka laulā o nā eheu e hiki aku i 1.85 - 2.1 mau mika.
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Hōʻike i kahi leo kiʻekiʻe. Hana i nā mea e like me ka chili. ʻAʻohe hiki ke hoʻoweloke ʻia me kāna beak, e like me kahi hoa keʻokeʻo. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka leo ʻeleʻele me ke kani liʻiliʻi. I loko o ka lele e hoʻopā ai ka walaʻau nui. Mālama ka nū i kahi leo mālie. I ka wā hana o ka moena, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi kani me ka nui o ke kani. He leo maikaʻi ʻole a koʻikoʻi maikaʻi nā moa.
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Mea ʻai
Makemake ka ʻeke ʻeleʻele i ka poʻe noho i ka wai: nā hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā holoholona invertebrate a me nā iʻa. Holo nā hohonu hohonu. Aia ia ma nā wahi wai a me nā loko wai. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke pāʻina i nā rodents, nā pepeke. I kekahi manawa, hopu i nā nahe, nā lauki a me nā mollusks.
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ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻĀina ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka ʻohana stork kekahi o nā genera i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu nui: nā kumulāʻau lāʻau (Mycteria a me Anastomus), nā pua nui (Ephippiorhynchus, Jabiru a Leptoptilos) a me nā "maʻamau storks", Ciconia. ʻO nā ʻano kuʻuna maʻamau ka loko o ke keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i koe. I loko o loko o genus Ciconia, nā hoahānau pili pili loa o ka ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻEulopa + ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻĀina mua ona, ʻo kahi keʻena keʻokeʻo ma ka hikina ma Asia ʻehā me kahi beak ʻeleʻele.
Wikiō: Kaʻi ʻEleʻele
ʻO ka mea kūlohelohe mai ʻEnelani, ʻo Francis Willoughby, ʻo ia ka mea e wehewehe i kahi kumulāʻau ʻeleʻele i ka makahiki 17 i kona ʻike ʻana iā ia ma Frankfurt. Ua kāhea ʻo ia i ka manu Ciconia nigra, mai nā hua'ōlelo Latin "stork" a me "ʻeleʻele", kēlā. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano nui i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka zoologist Swedia Carl Linnaeus i ka pae ʻāina Systema Naturae, kahi i hāʻawi ai ka manu i ka inoa ʻoomomima Ardea nigra. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua neʻe ka zoologist Farani ʻo Jacques Brisson i kahi kumulāʻau i ka ʻāpana kūpeʻe Ciconia hou.
ʻO ka ʻili ʻeleʻele he lālā ia o ka genus Ciconia, a i ʻole nā ʻano kuʻuna maʻamau. ʻO kēia o nā pūʻulu ʻehiku mau manuahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā beaks pololei a me ka plumage ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo. No kahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua pili loa ke koʻokoʻo o ka ʻeleʻele me ka keʻokeʻo maʻa (C. ciconia). Eia naʻe, kahi hōʻike genetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hybridization o ka DNA a me ka mitochondrial DNA o ka cytochrome b, i hana ʻia e Beth Slikas, hōʻike i ka stork ʻōpala iʻoi loa ma mua o ka genus Ciconia. ʻO ke koena o nā fossil i hoʻāla ʻia mai ka layer Miocene ma nā mokupuni o Roussing a me Maboko i Kenya, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa like ia me nā ʻula keokeo a me ka ʻeleʻele.
He aha e ʻai ai ka ʻeleʻele?
Kuhi: Black Stork mai ka Puke ʻaha
ʻIke kēia mau manu manu i ka ʻai a kū lākou i ka wai me ka ʻēheu e pālahalaha aku. Noho mālie lākou me ko lākou mau poʻo i kūlou e ʻike i ka mea pio. Aia ʻike ke poʻo i kahi ʻeke ʻeleʻele i ka meaʻai, ke kī ʻo ia i mua o kona poʻo, e hopu ana i kahi beak lōʻihi. Inā he nui iki, ka lālani ʻeleʻele e ʻimi iā lākou iho. Kūkulu ʻia nā hui e hoʻohana pono i nā waiwai lako momona.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio e komo nui:
I ka wā hōʻiliʻili, ʻo ka iʻa i kūkulu i kahi hapa nui o ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā amphibians, nā kōpili, kekahi mau momi liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, a me nā invertebrates e like me ka snails, earthworms, mollusks a me nā iniseti e like me ka mau pīpī wai a me kā lākou pulima.
Loaʻa ka meaʻai i ka wai hou, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻeleʻele e ʻimi pinepine i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina. Paʻa paʻa a lele ka manu i ka wai pāpaku, e hoʻāʻo ana e ʻike i ka wai me nā ʻēheu.I loko o India, eʻai pinepine kēia mau manu i nā ʻano mea ʻala like ʻole me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (C. ciconia), stork keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (C. episcopus), belladonna (G. virgo) a me kahi kuahiwi (A. indio). Ke hahai aku nei nō hoʻi ka ʻalāʻau manu i nā mamalia nui e like me ke kākā a me nā holoholona, he mea e ʻai ai nā manu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Black Stork Bird
Kaulana ʻia ko lākou ʻoluʻolu a me ke ʻano malu, ʻo C. nigra he manu mālama akahele loa, e ʻalo nei e noho mamao aku i nā noho kanaka a me kekahi ʻano hana a nā kānaka. Kahi wale nā lāle ʻeleʻele ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. He manu migratory ia e hoʻoikaika i ka lā.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hele nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāina me ka wikiwiki. Noho mau lākou a kū pololei aʻe, ma ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia mau manu he mau “pailaka” nui e lele nui ana i ka wai mahana. I ka lewa, ke poʻo nei lākou i ko lākou poʻo ma lalo o ka laina o ke kino, e hohola ana i mua i ko lākou ʻāʻī. Ma kahi o ka hele ʻana, ʻaʻole lele ka C. nigra i nā hipa.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he hoʻokahi wale nō a i ʻole nā ʻohana a i nā hipa paha a i hoʻokahi mau manu i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana a i ka hoʻoilo paha. Loaʻa i ka ʻeleʻele me ka nui o nā hōʻailona kani ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO kāna kani nui āna e hana ai me ka hanu nui. ʻO kahi mea hoʻohālikelike ia e like me ka ʻōlelo a he hoʻoweliweli paha. Hōʻike nā kāne i kahi lōʻihi o nā kani screeching e hoʻonui i ka leo, a laila hoʻemi ka leo kani. Hiki i nā pākeke ke kuʻi i kā lākou mau lāʻau e like me kahi ʻāpana o kahi hanana poʻo a i ʻole me ka huhū.
Ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke kino o ka manu, hoʻāʻo lākou e launa pū me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano. Mālama ke kahu i kona kino kikoʻī a piʻi koke i kona poʻo a luna, a hiki i ka 30 °, a hou hou, e nānā ana i nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o kāna paʻolo, a e hana pinepine ʻia i kekahi manawa. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻano i kahi hoʻohālike ma waena o nā manu a me - ikaika hou aʻe - e like me ka hoʻoweliweli. Eia naʻe, ke ʻano kuahiwi o nā ʻano he ʻano luhi ka hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO ka wehewehe o kahi ʻākena uliuli
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōpū kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hulu ʻeleʻele me nā mea ʻulaʻula a me ka saturated red tints. ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā ʻāpana o lalo o ke kino, ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻulaʻula o nā hulu. He manu nui kekahi manu makua, ʻike nui i ka nui. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele he 1.0-1.1 m me ke kino o ke kino o 2.8-3.0 kg. Hiki i nā ʻēheu o kekahi manu i waena o 1.50-1.55 m.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu ʻalohalohi a nani hoʻi nā wāwae ʻalohalaha, kahi ʻie ʻoluʻolu a me kahi beak lōʻihi. ʻUlaʻula ʻa ka beak a me nā wāwae o ka manu. I loko o ka umauma ka mānoanoa a hoʻōho i nā hulu, ʻike pinepine i ke kulu hulu manu. ʻO nā ʻōlelo kūpono e pili ana i ka "ʻūlū" o nā ʻeleʻele, ma muli o ka nele o ka syrinx, he kūpaʻa ʻole ʻia, akā ʻoi aku kēia ʻano o kēia ʻano o ke ʻano ma mua o nā ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo.
He hoihoi kēia! Loaʻa nā ʻalā i ko lākou inoa ma muli o ke kala o ka plumage, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka ʻoni ʻana o ka hulu o kēia manu i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poni-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o ka wana.
ʻO ka hoʻohanohano o ka maka ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona wahine mai nā kāne. He ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka manu ʻōpio ia ʻano ʻano ʻulaʻula, he hina hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka wahi a puni ka maka, a me kahi palaʻi ʻalae. Loaʻa nā pala ʻeleʻele pākeke me ke kohu a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana ʻia Shedding i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka iā Pepeluali a hoʻopau me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei-Iune.
Eia naʻe, he manu nūhou a me ka makaʻā nui, no laila, ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka manu ʻeleʻele. I lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻikepili hui, ua hiki i kahi ʻeleʻele ke ola i ka ʻumikumamāwalu makahiki. Ma ka hoʻopio, hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ola he 31 o ka makahiki.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Noho ka ʻeleʻele i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻāina o Eurasia. Ma ko mākou ʻāina, hiki i kēia mau manu ke loaʻa i nā wahi mai nā Far East a i ke Kai Baltic. Noho kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia, nā wahi ululāʻau o Dagestan a me ke Teravorine Stavropol.
He hoihoi kēia! Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi helu liʻiliʻi ma ka Teritori Primorsky. ʻO ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAsia. Noho ka ʻōpū ʻāwīwī ʻūlū o nā ʻōpio Hema. Wahi a nā mea nānā, i kēia manawa ka nui loa o nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i Belarus, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ia i ʻApelika.
Ke koho nei i kahi wahi noho, hāʻawi ʻia nā makemake i nā wahi like ʻole, i hōʻike ʻia e nā lāʻau kuli a me nā ʻōpio kahiko me nā wahi a me nā awāwa, nā ʻono kokoke i nā loko, nā loko o ka nahele, nā kahe a me nā kaʻa. ʻAʻole i ʻokoʻa kekahi mau ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ke kauoha Ciconiiformes, ʻaʻole e noho ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kahi kokoke i kahi o nā noho kanaka.
Nā meaʻai ʻoki ʻeleʻele
ʻAi ka ʻeleʻele hina o ke kanaka, ma ke ʻano he lula, ka iʻa, a hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā kuʻuna wai aku a me nā holoholona invertebrate no ka meaʻai.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAi ka manu i ka wai me ka wai me ka wai, a me nā wahi e kokoke ana i nā kino wai. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka nui o nā mea i luna aʻe, hiki i ka ʻeleʻele ke hānai i nā kiʻī liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hihiu nui. Aia nā wā i ʻai ai nā manu makua i nā nāhelehele, nā lapalapa a me nā mollusks.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi ʻenemi e hoʻoweliweli aku ana i nā holoholona, akā ʻo ke kaʻo hina hina me kekahi mau manu manu ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke ʻaihue i ka hua manu mai ka pūnana. ʻO nā moa ʻanu e haʻalele nui ana i kā lākou pili manu i kekahi manawa e pepehi ʻia ana e ka poʻe hīmeni wāwae ʻehā, a me ke ʻalopeke a me kahi ʻakeke, kahi kīwaha a me nā ʻīlio raccoon, a me kahi marten pū kekahi. Hoʻouku nui ʻia ka luku ʻaʻai a me ka poʻe hopu.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kēia manawa, ke kau inoa ʻia nā ʻeleʻele i loko o ka Red Book i nā wahi like me Rusia a me Belarus, Bulgaria, Tajikistan a me Uzbekistan, Ukraine a me Kazakhstan. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book of Mordovia, a ma nā wahi i Volgograd, Saratov a me Ivanovo.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo pono ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano i nā mea e like me ka palekana a me ke ʻano o ka biotopes manuahi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka huina o ka ʻeleʻele i kahi mea ʻono e kōkua nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mea ʻai, a me ka deforestation o nā wahi ulu i kūpono i kēlā mau manu. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma ka ʻāina Kaliningrad a me nā ʻāina Baltic, i mea e pale ai i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu ʻeleʻele, ua paʻa pono nā hana paʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻĀpoki Kūleʻele
Ciconia nigra breed i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila a Mei paha. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua o ke aila keʻokeʻo a me ka 5 no ka waiho ʻana i nā nalo nui o ka lāʻau a me ka lepo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau ners no nā manawa he nui. Mālama ʻole nā mākua i nā manu mai nā ʻuʻuku ʻē aʻe, me nā hua ʻōpio pēpili (Ictinaetus malayensis) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Noho ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona e nā nests o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻaila a Kaffir a i kahi hammerhead, a hana hou i nā nests i nā makahiki ma hope.
Ke hōʻike ʻia nei, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻeleʻele me nā lele lele i ʻike ʻia i waena o nā pupu. Hoʻolualua like nā manu ʻelua māhoe i ka ʻāpana o ke kaona i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. Hoʻopau kekahi o nā manu i kona mau ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo, a kāhea nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi. He paʻakikī nā huakaʻi mālama ʻana ma muli o ka ulu ʻole o ka ulu lāʻau a lākou e haku ai. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnaka ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 4-25 m. E makemake ʻia ka mea ʻeleʻele e kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma nā lāʻau ulu lāʻau me nā lei aliʻi nui, e waiho ana ia i kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: pono ke poʻo ʻeleʻele mai 32 a 38 mau lā a hiki i 71 mau lā ma mua o ke ʻano o ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e hine i nā hua ʻili. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana, noho hilinaʻi nā keiki i ko lākou mau mākua no kekahi mau pule hou. Hiki i nā manu i ka wā wīwī i ka wā o 3 i 5 a lākou i kona makahiki.
Hāʻawi ka wahine a me nā wahine i ka mālama o ka ʻōpio'ōpio a hana pū. E nānā pono nā Males i kahi e pono ai ka pūnana, a ʻohi i nā lāʻau, lepo a me ka mauʻu. Ke kūkulu nei nā wāhine i kahi pā. ʻO ke kuleana no ka hoʻāpeʻe ʻana me nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻoiai ʻo ka wahine nui ka poʻe incubator maʻamau. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka pūnana, lawe mau nā mākua i ka wai i kā lākou kuʻuhū a lele i luna ma kā lākou mau hua manu a pipi paha e hoʻomoʻi iā lākou. Mālama nā mākua i ka ʻōpio. Pau ka ʻai ma ka papahele o ka pā, a ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ʻōpio e ʻai i ka lalo o ka pā.
Kahu kiaʻi kiaʻi
Kuhi: Black Stork mai ka Puke ʻaha
Mai ka makahiki 1998, ua kuhi ʻia ka ʻeleʻele me ka ʻaʻole i weliweli ʻia e ka Red Book rehita Endangered Spies (IUCN). ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nui o ka puʻu ʻōhulu nui - ʻoi aku ma mua o 20,000 km² - a no ka helu ʻana, e like me nā ʻepekema, ʻaʻole i emi ka 30% i ʻumi mau makahiki a ʻekolu paha mau hanauna o nā manu. No laila, ʻaʻole kēia ka wikiwiki wikiwiki e loaʻa i ke kūlana maʻa mau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo loa ka moku'āina a me ka helu o ka heluna o nā kānaka a he ākea ka ulu ʻana o kona ʻano, he palena ʻole kona helu ma kekahi mau wahi. Ma Lusia, ua emi ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, no laila aia i loko o ka Red Book o ka'āina. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma loko o ka Red Book of Volgograd, Saratov, Ivanovo, Khabarovsk a me Sakhalin. Eia kekahi, pale ʻia nā ʻano holoholona: Tajikistan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.
ʻO nā hana palekana e mālama ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka nui a me ka hoʻopulapula o nā kānaka e uhi i nā ʻāpana nui o nā ululāʻau he nui a e noʻonoʻo pono hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka kahawai, mālama a mālama i nā wahi hānai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kumuwaiwai liʻiliʻi ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā loko wai lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi nahele mau muliwai
Mea ʻoi: ʻO kahi hōʻike i hana ʻia ma Estonia ka mea hōʻike i ka mālama ʻana i nā kumulāʻau kahiko i ka wā mālama o ka nahele he mea nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā wahi no nā holoholona.
ʻOhi kūloko pale ʻia e Eurasian Migratory Bird Conservation Agreement (AEWA) a me ka Convention on International Trade i Endangered Spies of Wild Fauna (CITES).
He ʻauhau
Palapala inoa Latin - ciconia nigra
Pelekane Pelekane - kahiʻaina ʻeleʻele
Kākau - manu (Aves)
Hoʻokomo ʻia - nā ciconiiformes (Ciconiiformes)
Nā ʻohana - Stork (Ciconiidae)
ʻO ka manu ʻeleʻele he lelo, makaʻala a puʻe nui loa. ʻAʻole e like me kāna hoahānau pili kokoke - ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - mālama ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi kanaka, e noho ana ma nā wahi mamao, hiki ʻole i ka hale.
Ke kūlana ʻona
ʻOiai ke ākea ʻana o ia ʻano, ʻo ka ʻōpū ʻeleʻele e pili ana i nā mea ʻeha, aʻaeʻole. Ma Lūkini, ke kū nei ka nui o kāna helu, ʻo ka wahi o nā wahi i kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka nūnū e hāʻule nei, a ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano o kā mākou ʻano ma kā mākou ʻāina a ʻaʻole i oi aku i 500 mau pālua hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe - Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan. Aia ka nui o nā kuikahi o ka bilateral honua no ka pale ʻana i ka hana ʻeleʻele (me Japan, Korea, India, China).
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
Nui nā laulā o ke ʻeleʻele iʻa nui loa. Ua lawe ʻia ʻia mai ʻEulopa Hikina a hiki i ka ʻĀkau loa, Kina a me Kina. Aia nā wahi hoʻolaha i haʻalele ʻia i nā wahi ʻo Iberian Peninsula, ma Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, nā ʻāpana o Central Asia, a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Ma Lūkia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻahu ʻeleʻele mai ka Baltic Sea a ma waena o nā Urals ma ke kūlike 60-61 a me ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa hema o Siberia a hiki i ka ʻekaʻeka. Aia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā noho kaʻawale ma Chechnya, Dagestan, a me ke Teritori Stavropol. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i Lūkini i hūnū i ka ʻAha Primorsky, a ʻo nā nui nui i nāhelehele nui i loko o ka honua e noho nei i ka hale kupapaʻu Zvanets ma Belarus.
Noho kekahi ʻeleʻele i loko o ka ululāʻau kahiko loloa ma ka pāpū a i nā kahe kokoke i ke kino o nā wai - nā loko ka nahele, nā muliwai, nā punawai. Piʻi ia i nā kuahiwi i ka pae o 2000m.
Hoʻolauna a me nā Hoʻohui ʻAno
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele he manu lele. Aia kona mau wahi hoʻoilo nui ma nā wahi ʻona o ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika. Aia ma Afelika Hema wale nō i noho ka noho malihini ʻana o kēia ʻohana. Lele lākou i nā wahi hana i hānai ʻia ma Malaki-ʻApelila, lele ka holo ʻana i Sepatemaba, ʻaʻole i hana i nā ʻoka nui ma ka lele.
I ka lele, ua hōʻaha ʻia kahi ʻeleʻele i kona ʻāʻī i mua, a me nā wāwae - hoʻi. A ʻo ia, e like me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē, e hoʻokuʻu pinepine ana i ka lewa, e pālahalaha aku ana i kona mau ʻēheu. Malia paha ʻo ka manawa wale nō e ʻike i kahi ʻōpala ʻeleʻele i ka kūlohelohe ke hele nei ʻo ia ma luna o ka narang.
A stork uliuli, e like me ka keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe kaumaha i ka leo, akā ʻo kāna "kamaʻilio" repertoire ka nui loa. I ka lele, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi leo, ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa o ka pepeiao, ʻuwā, a i ka wā honi e kāhea nui ana. Lele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka ʻūhā ʻāʻī a kani aʻe. Akā e lūlū ana me kona nuku, e like me ka hana ʻana o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa loa.
Hoʻopili wale nā meaʻeleʻele i ka lā i ke ao.
ʻO ka ola ma ka zoo
Aia hoʻokahi ʻeka o ke ʻano ʻeleʻele e noho ana i loko o kā mākou zoo. I ke kauwela, ʻike mau ʻia lākou i ka aviary kokoke i ka hale o ka manu, a i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻopau lākou i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i loko. I ka makahiki 2014 a me 2015, ua kūleʻa maoli ke kolepa o kēlā me kēia makahiki, a hānai lākou i 3 mau moa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo nā puʻuwai pākeke i nā mākaʻomaʻu a hānai i nā moa ma kā lākou iho.
ʻO ka papaʻaina o nā hāliʻi ʻeleʻele i ka zoo e komo ai i ka 350 g o ka iʻa, 350 g ka ʻiʻo, 2 mau ipo a me 5 mau baki.
