ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā lāʻau Foam ka mea liʻiliʻi o kā mākou manu liʻiliʻi. Mālama ʻia i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau a me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, akā, i ka wā mālama, a me ka manawa kīhāpai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia i nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā lau nahele. Kahi ʻia ka nū ma ka ʻāina me ka manawa - ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i luna o ka ʻāina, i nā wahi ākea o nā pāpale, ʻo ia hoʻi nā conifers. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka neʻe o ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe o ka neʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā mea kanu loa: a lele lākou i luna o nā lālā lahilahi, a ʻōlohelohe paha mai kahi lālā i kekahi, a i ʻole kekona kahi e kau ai lākou i ka lewa kokoke i nā lau no ka hana ikaika o nā eheu.

ʻO ke kūlana o ke kino ka neʻe i ka laulima, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole i kēlā me kēia ʻano i like me ke kua o ke kino - ʻo ka ʻili a me nā ʻēheu e lūlū ʻia. Me ka hilinaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke pani i ka mea nānā. Hōʻike mau ke ʻono a me ka melemele i ka waiho ʻana o ka kala (ʻoiai ua like like me ka nui o nā ʻano a like ʻole ko lākou ikaika i kēlā me kēia ʻano), ʻaʻohe ʻano kumu, nā ʻokoʻa a me nā koho ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano he mau liʻiliʻi, akā like ka ʻokoʻa o ke mele o nā kāne. ʻO Vesnichka, e like me nā ʻili ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka sparrow, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka nui ākea i waena o kahi scum, he kumulima ia, manu ʻālehu pōkole me ka wīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwika, . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka loa kino 11-13 cm, nā ʻēheu 18–24 cm, ke kaumaha 611 g.

ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. He ʻalani-ʻulaʻula ka piko, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiʻu, a pihi loa nā ʻēheu a me nā ʻili. Holo lōʻihi nā ʻēheu a wili ʻia, uhi ʻia ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. ʻAʻohe kukui transverse pale ma luna o ka ʻēheu, akā ʻo nā kihi māmā o nā hulu ma ka ʻaoʻao i hoʻopuni ʻia e hoʻonaninani ʻia i kona kala, me kahi māhina o ke ʻano o kahi "panel" kukui. Ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo, me kahi pani melemele ma ke ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, a hiki i kahi ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōpū. Kihikilohi ka maka i ka maka he melemele i luna aʻe o ka maka. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōloʻomaʻo iki ke aniani ma lalo o ka maka. ʻAʻeleʻele ke anana. ʻO ka beak he brownish-hina, ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o kahi pōʻeleʻeleʻele, kona mau ʻaoʻao a me ke kumu lalo ma lalo o kahi hāpana a i ʻole ka pinkish. He māmā beo nā wāwae, maʻa mau ke nānā aku, akā i ke aniani ākea paha he ʻano uliuli lākou.

I nā manu ʻōpio, huki ʻia i loko o kahi hulu pua hou, ua ʻoi aku ka melemele i ke poʻo a me ka umauma a noho i kahi ʻāpana nui aʻe ma mua o nā pākeke, ʻoiai ka ʻeleʻele o lalo o ke kino i ʻeleʻele. I loko o nā wai hānai (1 mahina o ke ola), paluwale ka plumage, hina ka pihi - hina, ʻānō ke keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia nā ʻihi o ke poʻo a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka umauma, nā ʻoki o ke kuhi ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka nūnū e waiho ʻulaʻula ʻia no kekahi manawa. I waena o kā mākou mau mea hakakā, ua like ka like me ke kapa pale a me ka naʻu, kahi e like me ka lele ʻana o ka pōhaku, ʻaʻohe kaila o ka pulu manu.

Mai ka pūpiki, hoʻokaʻawale ka flyweigher e nā ʻēheu pōkole, ʻaʻohe ʻalekilika melemele ākea o ka plumage o ka umauma a me kahi hana pōkole e uhi ana i ka hapa o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai lalo mai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pale ma o nā wāwae māmā, ke ʻē lōʻihi a me ka ʻala ʻoi loa - ka lōʻihi o ka hulu mākaukau e like me ka mamao o ko lākou kū i ka piko o ka ʻēheu (ʻoi aku ka pupuʻu o nā hulu i ka palena), ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike a puni ka maka (i ke ʻano, hoʻomālamalama i ka papalina ma lalo o ka maka) ka pā hiʻi māmā, ke kala o ke beak (ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka pā o ke aniani), me ka waiho ʻia o nā puluʻeleʻele i ke kala o ka pihi a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pale a me ka wā o ke kumu o nā lau. A ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā poʻe koa ʻē aʻe ma ko mākou ʻāina i ka ʻike ʻole i kona mau mālamalama. Loaʻa kēlā ʻokoʻa ma nā chaps a pau loa i ke mele.

He leo leo. ^ E Ha yM. Hīmeni mau mele ʻo Males i nā lei, alternating with hunting. ʻO ke mele he mele mele melodic pōkole loa e lōʻihi ana ma kahi o 3 kekona, leo nui a laila wailele, ke kani mua ʻana o nā hōʻailona a laila ʻae haʻahaʻa, like me ke mele mele, akā me ka ʻole o ka uwē. He nui loa nā ʻano o nā ʻōiwi pilikino. E hīmeni ana nā mele i ka wā o ka lele ʻana, ʻaʻole e noho ana i nā ʻāina a puni. Ka hoʻōho o ka hoʻōho - whistle kiʻekiʻe "hoʻopuka hewa"A ʻole"tiuvit"Me ka manaʻo nui i ka syllable mua a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka leo a hiki i ka hopena o ka hōʻailona, ​​pono kekahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka kāhea ʻana o ka pale, a mai nā kāhea maʻamau redstart ʻole.

Ka hopena, kūlana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi ʻano maʻamau ma waena a ma waena o ʻEulopa, a ma Siberia a hiki i ke kahawai Yenisei, ʻākau o Yakutia a me Chukotka. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma nā wahi he nui, nā ʻano hehi migratory o ka ʻākau hapa o ka ʻāina i noʻonoʻo ʻia. E hele mua, i ʻApelila a Mei paha, haʻalele i Sepatemaba a i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa.

Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻIa ia i loko o nā pālahalaha ʻano biotopes ʻano - mai ka nahele ulu kahi kū me nā ʻōlamalama a me nā ala ʻana i ka tundra me nā mea kanu lāʻau, alaiʻe i nā puʻu, he mea maʻamau a he nui paha ma nā kihi o nā ululāʻau, nā mākaʻi, i nā māla lau nahele nāhelehe, nā wīwī, nā māla a me nā māla. ʻO ka nūhou kahi mauhelehele o ka mauʻu i hana ʻia i mau ʻōpala maloʻo me kahi lei ma luna o ke pā o kahi pā liʻiliʻi a me kahi puka liʻiliʻi; Kau lākou ia ma ka ʻāina ma i mauʻu ma ke kumu o kahi lāʻau a i ʻole kolo paha, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma luna o kahi lāʻau i lalo loa i ka lepo. Hoʻokumu ka wahine i kahi pā. Aia i nā kūmole mai nā 3 a 8 mau huaʻai, keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​koho ʻia hoʻi. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka pipi no nā lā 12-15; e hānai nā mea ʻelua i nā manikani no 13-17 mau lā. He mau kukama māmā i ko lākou kua a me ke poʻo. Aia nā hewa i hāpai i kahi kāne he wahine ʻelua.

Aia i ka hua manu naʻu, nā mea i hōʻiliʻili mai i ka ʻāʻī o nā pua a me nā lau i nā lei o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa i loko o ka mauʻu. I ka lua o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo mua ua ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā hipa i hui pū ʻia me ka titmouse a me nā manu liʻiliʻi insectivorous.

Kau LikoʻO ka pūʻulu phylloscopus)

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā mea hana kaua

• ʻO ka nui o nā luna o kēia mau ʻano ma ʻEulopa ma mua o 40 miliona mau huakaʻi,
• Me ka mālama maikaʻi, hiki i nā kaupaona ke noho i ke pio ʻana a hiki i ka 12 makahiki,
• ʻO nā kāne nā kāne mua e hoʻi mai i nā ʻāina mahana - lawe lākou i ka wana no ka nalo a kaua pinepine lākou i waena o lākou no nā pūnaewele maikaʻi loa,
• I ka wā hana, hoʻokani mele nā ​​kāne mai ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, e noho ana ma luna o ka lāʻau i koho ʻia. E nani ke mele, me nā whistles maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻopale.

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia manawa 46092 mau manawa

ʻO keʻano

He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka warbler i ka lōʻihi he 11 i ka 13 cm, nā ʻēheu ka 17 a hiki i 22 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka warbler ka 8 a 11 11. Ma waho aʻe, he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai i ka tenochka, akā like ka nui o kā lākou mele. Pāpaʻi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa o ka warblers i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻulaʻula paha, ʻo kona ʻaoʻao o lalo ka ʻalani-keʻokeʻo. He ʻeleʻele melemele a me ka umauma kēia manu liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā maka. ʻO nā ʻalemo a me nā wahine like like ke ʻano.

Kahele

ʻIke ʻia kahi mea kaua e kokoke ma waena o ʻEulopa a hiki i Sepatemaba. Ua wili ʻo ia ma ka sub-Saharan Africa. ʻO ka manawa a me ke kiko o ka lele i loko o kāna mau gen. ʻO nā hale i makemake nui ʻia o ka warblers he spidse deciduous a i hui pūʻia nā māla, nā māka, nā biotopes wetika, nā lūlū lāʻau a me nā māla.

Ecology

ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka lele pōhaku i uhi ʻia me ka ʻaoʻao o ʻelua mau mea pili i ke kaua - tenovki a me nā ratchets. ʻOkoʻa nā Vesnichka ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻelua hope loa i ke kuʻi ʻana i ka noho ʻana i ka hohonu o ka nahele a mālama i nā kahele, nā māka a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa ka mauʻu spring i ka wao nahele, akā he maʻamau i ka nui lāʻau a me ka ulu lāʻau. Mālama ʻia ʻo ia ma nā wahi āpau o nā lei kumulāʻau, ma waena o nā lālā ākea a me nā lau, makemake ʻia nā lei e like me kahi kaupala o nā lālā a me nā lau. No ka mea ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano microstations i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka nahele, hiki i ka scum ke noho i nā ʻano biotopes.

Mea ʻai

Hiki ke loli nui ka meaʻai o ka scum i kēlā me kēia manawa, biotope a me kahi māhele ʻāina. Wahi a ia, ʻokoʻa ia mai kēlā me kēia manawa i kēia makahiki, mai kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā wahi like ʻole. Hōʻalo ʻia nā manu mai kahi ʻano ʻai i kekahi, e like me ko lākou nui a loaʻa. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka mea like ma nā ʻano he ʻekolu (flyworms, pale, a me nā kiʻīneke), nā scallops e hōʻike i ka selectivity me ka mahalo i ka nui o nā mea ʻai: ratchet ka mea nui loa, ka lele, a me ka pā o nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ka nui o nā mea ʻai hānai no ka subtleties o ka hānai hānai ʻana i nā manu a me ke ʻano o nā microstations: hoʻohana nā ratchets i nā ala ikaika a loaʻa ka ʻai (nā mokulele lele, lele, a lele a lele i kahi lōʻihi) a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka mea nāna. No laila, ʻimi ʻo ia e ʻimi no ka waiwai nui ma mua o ka malu a me nā manu lele, e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenemi lawaiʻa i ka ikaika. Eia kekahi, lele ka ʻalā a me ka pale ʻana, ka mea e noho nei i waena o nā māla lauwili, ʻaʻole hiki ke koho i nā mea lehulehu ma muli o ka ʻike mau ʻia a koi ʻia lākou e lawe i kekahi meaʻai i hele ai lākou ma ko lākou ala.

ʻAno hānau

Puberty i kēia ʻano ulu i ke ʻano o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka wā koho nui ka lōʻihi mai Mei a Iulai. ʻO ka pūnana, i kūkulu ʻia i ka pulu a me ka mauʻu a i like hoʻi me ka hale o kahi lei, ua hūnā ʻia i nā mākeke pōkā. E waiho ana ka wahine i ʻehā a ʻehiku mau huaʻa i ka manawa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā lākou no ʻelua pule. Noho mau ʻōpio ma hope o ka hānau ʻana i loko o ka pūnana a hiki i ʻelua mau pule. Wahi a nā poʻe loea mai ka Swiss Ornithological Institute, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma 2009 ma ka hale moʻolelo Oikos, ʻo nā hulu o ka pūnāwai ka mua ma waena o nā manu e lele ana ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika: i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 300 miliona mau kānaka e neʻe mai kahi ʻāpana o ka honua. kekahi a i hope. ʻO ke ola ola o kēia manu hiki i 12 mau makahiki.

Na palapala kapu

ʻEkolu mau subspecies e ʻokoʻa i nā kala kala a me nā nui:

• Ph. t ka. hua kaua- Linnaeus, 1758 - Ke Komohana o ʻEulopa mai ka palena o ka ʻalāʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hema o Sweden, Polani a me ka Carpathians, hema a waena o Farani, Italia, Yugoslavia a me ʻĀwana o Romania a hoʻokaʻawale i nā kolone ma ka penikala ʻo Apennine, ka mokupuni o Sicily a, hiki paha ma Pyrenees.
• P. t. acredula Linnaeus, 1758 - mai Fennoscandia a hiki i ka eʻe ʻana o ka poʻe Carpathians ma ka hikina, i ka Yenisei.
• Ph. t ka. yakutensis Ticehurst, 1938 - mai ka Yenisei a Anadyr.

Hoʻaiho

Kuhi ʻia nā ʻōlani o kēia manu ma loko o ʻEulopa.

ʻO Wadlet (Phylloscopus trochilus).

Ma Asia, aia ka flyweed ma ka ʻākau, hiki i ke kahawai Anadyr, me ka ʻole ka ʻaoʻao hema o Yakutia a me ka Far East. No ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika.

Lāiau a me kaʻai kino

Noho ka scum froth i ka nahele, ʻoiai e loaʻa pinepine i nā coppices a me nā kiʻi ʻoka. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ma nā paka a me nā tapapa. ʻO kekahi o nā wahi punahele punahele o nā puna wai ke kahawai awāwa me nā lāʻau ʻōpiopio ukiuki.

He moʻopuna nui nā warbler.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea pono nui o kēia manu ʻo kāna mele aloha nani. He mele kiʻi ʻo Males he 7 a 20 mau ʻano ʻano mele like ʻole. He pākiki paʻa kēia mau mele i ka holo ʻana o nā leo. Kuhi ʻia lākou i ka wā mua o kēia manu a hana hou ʻia ma ia me ka pololei loa. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻohui ʻana o kēia mau mele i hoʻohui pū ʻia i loko o nā pāheu nani.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o nā mea kaua

ʻO ka meaʻai o kēia manu e loaʻa i nā iniseti a me ka larvae, snails, spiders. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mauʻu puna i ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu e like me nā hua a me nā hua.

Ua loaʻa i kahi pepeke kahi pipi liʻiliʻi.