ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino maʻamau o nā pākeke he like ʻole i kekahi mau keneta a ʻelua mau mika, a ʻo ka nui kiʻekiʻe o 68-70 kg. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kino o ke kino o nā ʻelele o ke kauoha ʻo Salmonidae e like me ka hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa i pili i ke kauoha nui Seldeobraznye. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa, ua koho ʻia ka ʻohana Salmon ma muli o ka ʻano hoʻoili, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa - like me ka Salmon-like.

Pono ka nui o ke kino o ka iʻa, me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao, i uhi ʻia me ka cycloid a i ʻole a me nā ʻāpana poʻohiwi o nā unahi, i hāʻule maʻalahi i lalo. ʻO nā pūnāwai ventral o nā ʻano multipath e waiho ana ma ka waena o ka ʻōpū o nā pūhaka, a ʻo nā ʻeke pectoral o nā iʻa pākeke he ʻano noho haʻahaʻa ʻole, me nā ʻoki ʻole kiki. Hoʻohena ʻia kekahi pahu o ka iʻa dorsal e nā ʻehā a me nā ʻeke anal ma hope ia. ʻO ka hele ʻana o kahi pā adipose liʻiliʻi he ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano o nā ʻelele o ke kauoha Salmonidae.

He hoihoi! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka moni dorsal o ka salmon ma mua o ke aniani o ʻumi a ʻumikumamāono, ʻoiai nā ʻelele o ka greyld he 17-24 mau hihi.

ʻO ka pono kīhāpai o ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano he lula, ua pili i ka esophagus e kahi luʻi kūikawā, a ʻo ka waha o ka salona he polā o luna me nā iwi ʻehā - ʻelua premaxillary a me kahi pālua o ka maxillary. He ʻokoʻa nā wahine i loko o nā oviducts o kahi ʻano embryonic a ʻaʻohe paha ma mua o lākou, no laila ʻo nā hua a pau a pau mai ka ovary e hāʻule i loko o ka lua o ke kino. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka iʻa ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā append pyloric he nui. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano ʻano he anelima maka maka. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano salmon e like ʻole me ka hapa o ka iwi, a ʻo ka hapa o ka cranium e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka mea maʻi a me nā kaʻina hana i kū ʻole ʻia i ka vertebrae.

Nā Koho ʻAno, Nā Manaʻo Salmon

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻohana Salmon e ʻekolu mau ʻohana:

• ʻekolu mauʻano o ka subfamily Sigova,
• ʻehiku genera o nā salmonids kūpono,
• hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano hoʻoili o ka subfamily Grey.

ʻO nā ʻelele a pau o ka Salmonidae subfamily he mau a he nui paha, he mau ʻona liʻiliʻi nō, a he waha nui nō hoʻi me nā niho ulu maikaʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke olakino o kēia subfamili ka mea i hui ʻia a me ka mea wānana paha.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka salmon:

• ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Arctic, kunja,
• Pink salmon,
• ʻIkopa
• Chum
• Coho salmon, chinook salmon,
• E Kulanui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa,
• Kāhea trout
• Lenok
• Kamalani, Clark,
• ʻUlaʻula,
• ʻO Salemona i ʻole Salmon Noble,
• Sima or Mazu,
• ʻO Danube, ʻO Sakhalin Taimen.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka subfamily Sigi a me nā salmonids ponoʻī i hōʻike ʻia e nā kikoʻī o ka ʻōlima, kahi ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi a me nā pae nui hou. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Khariusov subfamily e ka hele ʻana o kahi waihona dorsal lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi, aia paha ke ʻano o ke kaʻa a me kahi kala hoʻoneʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hina hina āpau e like me nā iʻa wai wai.

Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka inoa ʻo Salmon ka iʻa lau migratory, e noho mau ana i ka wai a i ʻole ka wai wai, a ke piʻi nei i nā kahe wai wale nō no ke kumu o ka hua. ʻO ka hana nui o nā ʻano like like ʻole, akā loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī. Pēlā ke kānāwai, i ka wā e hiki ai i nā makahiki ʻelima, komo ke kahe i ka wai wikiwiki o nā wahi wai a me nā kahe liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa e piʻi ana i luna o kekahi mau hola. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻikepili maʻamau no ka komo ʻana i ka wai i loko o nā wai wai a hiki ke loli nui.

No ka noho ʻana ma ka wai wai ma ka manawa mua o ka pae mua ʻana o ka wai, koho nui ke salmon ʻaʻole hohonu loa a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā wahi wikiwiki loa, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ke alo o ke one o ka papahele a i ʻole ka mea haʻahaʻa lalo. ʻO ka pinepine loa, aia kēlā mau pūnaewele i kahi kokoke i nā kumu spawning, akā ma luna o nā alakaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​pelekela.

He hoihoi! Ma ka wai o ke kai, hiki i ka salmon ke kūkulu i ka wikiwiki nui i ka wā e neʻe nei - a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau mile i hoʻokahi lā, akā ma ka muliwai, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe o kēlā mau iʻa ua ʻano lohi maoli.

Ma ke kaʻina hana e noho ai i kēlā mau wahi, ka salmon "mow", no laila hoʻonaninani ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻoniʻoni a me nā puka kia ma ke ʻāʻī, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kāne o kēia ʻohana. Paʻa ka ʻāpana o ka iʻa i kēia manawa a lilo nā paler, a me ka nui o ka momona i hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻano ʻokoʻa, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea pono.

ʻĀnō ke ola

ʻAʻole ola ma mua o ka ʻumi makahiki ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā salmonids, akā aia kekahi mau holoholona e hiki ke ola no ka hapaha kenekulia. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopaʻa nei ka hoʻopaʻa palapala no ka nui o ke kino a me ka makeke o ke ola i kēia manawa e loaʻa i ka taimen. I kēia lā, he mea kākau inoa inoa inoa o kēia ʻano, ʻo kona koʻikoʻi kahi record 105 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 2.5 m.

Hoʻohana ʻia

ʻIke ʻia nā iʻa like ʻole me ke ʻano o Salmon mai ka manawa Cretaceous (140-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) o ka manawa Mesozoic, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā kūpuna mua o nā iʻa bony hou. ʻO nā ʻano o ka iʻa like salmon e pili kokoke ana i ka iʻa like-ʻano manu a hiki i ka manaʻo ʻana i hui pū ʻia kekahi i kekahi papa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike mai ka ʻaihue i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano.

ʻO ka hua manu ʻano mua, ka mea a me ka pololei ʻole paha, e hana ana ʻo ia ka hui mua no nā ʻano a pau o ka iʻa, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 137 miliona mau makahiki i ka makahiki o lalo o ka Cretaceous. I ka wā ʻo Cretaceous, ua hana ʻia ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā iʻa bony i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i kamaʻāina iā mākou i ka Paleogene (67-25 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ʻo Salmon ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻāpana ʻākau ʻehā o ka honua, e hōʻike ana i nā hoihoi kūleʻa i kēlā mau iʻa.

ʻO ka iʻa momona maikaʻi ʻo ʻIkhan e ola ana i loko o nā wai o loko o Lake Sevan. ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui o ke kaaniani o ke kai kūwaho o ka Pākīpika - i mālama ʻia ka chum salmon ʻaʻole wale i ko mākou ʻāina, akā ʻo ʻAmelika nō hoʻi.

ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o ka trout ka nui o nā muliwai ʻEulopa, a me ka wai o ke White, Baltic, ʻeleʻele a me Aral Sea. He kamaʻāina ʻo Mazu a ʻo Sima paha kahi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pakipika, a he iʻa nui loa ʻo Taimen e noho ana ma nā muliwai āpau i Siberia.

Kai meaʻai Salmon

He ʻokoʻa like ka ʻai maʻamau no Salmonids. E like me ke kānāwai, ua loaʻa nā iʻa pelagic o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ko lākou mau hua, a me nā ʻano crustaceans ʻē aʻe, nā mollusks pelagic winged, nā kīkē waiū a me nā ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā pākeke. Hōʻailona pinepine iki ʻole, nā ctenophores liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻuʻa i loko o ka mea ʻai i ka iʻa pākeke.

ʻO ke ʻano nui, ʻo ka ʻai maʻamau no ka salmon juvenile e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka larvae o nā ʻano wai ʻole o nā aʻisika. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka motley keʻai me ka ʻai iʻa me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, char, sculpin, a me nā ʻano he nui o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke loli nui ka mea ʻai no ka salmon e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki a me nā ʻano o ka noho.

Pahu a keiki

Ma nā wai kahawai nui, e hoʻopau ana ka manawa kikoʻai i ka lua o ka malama o Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa paha, me nā awelika wai ākea e kū ana mai 0-8 ° C. Ma nā ʻāina hema, e kau pono ana ʻo Salmon mai ʻOkakopa a Ianuali, me kahi mahana o ka wai o 3-13 ° C. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar ma loko o nā recesses i kau ʻia ma ka lalo, a laila ʻaʻole i ʻinʻī ʻia me ke kīpē o ka eli a me ke one.

He hoihoi! Ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā salmonids i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻōla, no laila, i ke ʻano hāpai ʻana, ikaika loa ka iʻa, hoʻokani ikaika a hiki iā ia ke lele kiʻekiʻe mai ka wai, akā kokoke aʻe i ke kaʻina hana, ʻano nui nā ʻano hiʻi.

Ma hope o ka hakilima, ulu ka iʻa a palupalu wikiwiki ʻia, me ka hopena o ka mea i make ai kahi mahele nui, a me nā poʻe a pau e ola ana i ka ʻāpana o ke kai a loko paha o ka wai, akā hiki ke noho ma nā muliwai a hiki i ka pūnāwai.

Ma nā muliwai, ʻaʻole i hele kahi mākaʻikaʻi o ka salemona mai kahi kikoʻī, akā hiki ke neʻe i nā wahi hohonu. I ka pūnāwai, ua puka mai nā ʻōpiopio mai nā hua aʻai mai, e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi pālio. ^ E Ha yM. I nā wai wai, nā makahiki wai e hoʻopau i hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻelima mau makahiki.

I ka manawa o ia manawa, hiki i nā mea ke ulu a hiki i ka 15-18 cm ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ke kai a i ʻole kai wai, hemo nā ʻāpala i ko lākou ʻano a me ke kala a loaʻa ke kala kala. Aia i loko o ke kai a me nā loko e hoʻomaka ai ka salmon e ʻai ikaika a loaʻa i ke kaumaha.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻO nā hua a me nā ʻono loea i lilo i mea waiwai maʻalahi no ka hina ʻana o ka pākeke, trout, pike a me burbot. ʻO kekahi helu nui o ka poʻe neʻe eʻai nui ʻia e nā gulls a i ʻole nā ​​manu ʻai ʻona ʻē aʻe. Aia i loko o ka wai kai, ʻo nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe kū hoʻokahi o ka salmon, sockeye salmon a me ka hare moana, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Aia kekahi mau mana koʻikoʻi e pili kino i ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana o nā ʻano. ʻO ka hopena o ka lawaiʻa poʻi i nā pā hāmeʻa, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka spawning, a me ka luku ʻia o nā heluna holoʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ka poʻomanaʻo i ka poʻokela i lalo o ke ʻano a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka salmon, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā muliwai nui o ka lehulehu o kēlā iʻa no nā makahiki he nui.

ʻO nā kūlana pōʻino kekahi pū kekahi me nā wai ikaika o ka moana a me nā wai, nāʻuʻai ʻai, ka nui a me ka hoʻomaloʻo i ka waha o ka muliwai. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ʻoni salmon e ka mahiʻai, ke kūlanakauhale, a me nā ʻoihana hoʻomehana. I kēia manawa, ka laima Sakhalin a me ʻOihana maʻamau, ʻO Lake Salmon, Mikizha a me Malorotaya Paliya, Eisenam Trout a me Kumzha, a me Svetovidov Long-lama a me Davatchan e kau nei i loko o ka Red Red Book.

Nā manaʻo e pili ana (hoʻomau)

I loko o nā muliwai o ʻEulopa a me Central Asia, he ola ʻē aʻe ka noho ʻana o ka Sakhalin rudd, ogai, a i ʻole ezo-ugai (Latin Tribolodon ezoe) he mau ʻano iʻa like me nā iʻa mai ka ʻohana cyprinidae. ʻAi lākou i nā kai i ke kahakai me ka wai kai o nā ʻano uʻi, hiki i ke kai. Ua hele lākou i uka i nā muliwai. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea noho hale ma nā loko. I nā muliwai a me nā ʻāpana o Iapana, ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano wai wai.

ʻO keʻano

Loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ka ʻohana salmon holoʻokoʻa. Lā like lākou i ka hina me ka puʻu pōkole ʻoi pōkole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, aia ka 10 a 16 mau māmā. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala māmā ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo.

ʻO nā maʻamau maʻamau i nā inoa o nā lā "salmon" a me "trout", e kū'ē i ka stereotype, ʻaʻole pili i nā ʻano iʻa. ʻO kēia nā inoa kolamu o ka ʻohana āpau a i ʻole subfamily (maʻamau no ka inoa "salmon"), a i ʻole he hui nui o nā ʻōhua i hui pū ʻia e kekahi waiwai (trout).

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Salmon pono i ka salmon ma ka laulā, a i ʻole ka salmon i ka wā spawning. Ma kekahi la, aia ka huaʻōlelo "salmon" ma ka inoa ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kenekulia i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole mai nā ʻano subfamilies a pēlā pū ka inoa o nā ʻano ʻelua - Noble salmon a me ka salmon o ka Pākīpika.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ʻano like me ka inoa Latin - salmo (salmon) a me ka trutta (trout).

He paʻakikī kekahi papa hoʻonaʻauao. Ma muli o ke ʻano like a me ka laha ʻana o nā ʻano o ka ʻohana salmon, ma waena o nā mea ʻepekema ua hoʻomohala i nā ʻano like ʻole (e like me Salmon-like) a me nā inoa like ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka inoa Latin like ʻepekema i nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa e hiki ke pili me nā ʻano like ʻole.

Nā kuʻuna a me nā home

Loaʻa ka ʻākoakoa o ka Pākīpika i ka puʻu o luna o nā moana. Eia ua ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa i ka wā o ke neʻe ʻana. Hele mai lākou mai ka hohonu a i ʻole i nā one pae moana. Maanei ke hele mai nei i ka paakai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaumaha. A laila hele ʻo ia i kahi e wai ai i nā waʻu, a i ʻole i nā wai wai wai wai paha kahi i hānau ai ʻo ia.

Noho ka ʻākoakoa o ka Pākīpika i loko o nā pā, ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano he nui, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka poʻe noho mau o ke kai. ʻO nā mea nui o ka salmon Pasifika he chum, pink salmon, coho salmon, Chinook salmon a sim. I ka manawa pinepine, hele mai kēia iʻa i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Moana Pakipika, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu ai i nā holoholona nui a e ʻai nui. Ke hele nei ʻo Salmon Pacific i loko o nā kahe o ka Lūkini Far East, a me nā kino wai ma Korea, Iapana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Taiwan. I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, ola ke salmon ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e hele loa i nā wai subarctic.

Salmon Atlantika, me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia iʻa, kahi no ka noho a me ka migratory. Kālele ʻia ka ʻōlelo Salmon ma ke Komohana ʻĀina Atlantis. Mai ia wahi mai lākou e hele ai i nā kahawai he nui, e hoʻomaka ana mai Sepania a hiki i ke kai Barents. I ka loko o Noremania, Sweden, Finland, a me Russia hoʻi ke kūlana i noho ʻia kēia loko.

He inoa waiwai nui ʻo Salmon. No laila, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻia i nā mahiʻai iʻa. Hāpai kekahi mau mea mahiʻai me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa hāmeʻa, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona makemake. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa e ʻoluʻolu a palupalu, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea momona. He mea nui kēia iʻa no nā ʻano kīʻaha he nui.

ʻĀnō a me ka nui

ʻO ka paona awelika o 7-8 kg, i hiki i kekahi manawa ke kauʻana ma mua o 30 kg. E kuʻi iā ia ma Neva, Kola, ʻĀkau loa, Pechora, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Piʻi kēia ʻoni i nā kahawai Bzyb, Kodori, Rioni. ʻO kona kaupaona awelika he 6-7 kg; ma ia manawa a hiki aku i ka 24 kg.

Ke kahele ʻia nei ka Cuke ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana a me ke komohana o ka ʻaoʻao Caspian. ʻO ka paona awelika o 12-13 kg. Uhiʻi a Caviar i nā muliwai Kura, Terek, Samur.

I nā loko nui - ʻO Onega a me Ladoga - aia kahi ʻano loko o ka salmon. ʻO ka paona awāka he 3-4 kg, ʻo ka nui ka 10-12 kg. Kūpono spawns ma nā muliwai Shuya, Vodla, Vuoksa, Svir.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO ka maʻamau, ua hiki i ka makahiki o 4-6 mau makahiki, komo nā salmon i nā wikiwiki a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa e piʻi ana i luna o nā haneli mau haneli. ʻAʻole like ka nānā ʻana o ka manawa salmon i nā kahawai: ʻāwīwī nā ʻano o ke ʻano "spring" i ke kauwela a me ka wā ma mua o ka wā ma mua o ka spawning. Ke komo nei ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "kākeleka" i nā wai i ka hopena o ka ʻohi a i ka wā ma mua a i ka puna wai.

No ka noho ʻana ma ka muliwai i ka wā o mua o ka hoʻālaʻi, koho ke kāla i ka wahi wikiwiki i nā wahi wikiwiki me ka papahele one. ʻO ka pinepine ka pae o kēia mau wahi i kokoke i nā kumu spawning, ma luna o nā Rapids a me nā alaka.

I ka wa o ka noho ʻana ma ka muliwai, salmon “caresses”: e hiʻona kona kala, a puka maila ke kaula ma ka ʻāʻī, ua ʻōlelo ʻia i ke kāne. Paʻa ka kala o ka ʻiʻo, a emi ka nui o ka momona.

Hoʻomaka ke kō ʻana i nā kahawai kūkulu ʻākau ma ka hapa lua o Kepakemapa a i ʻOkakopa paha me kahi mahana wai ma ka 0 a 8 °. I ka hema, e kanu i ka salmon ma ʻOkakopa - Ianuali ma ka mahana o ka wai o 3 a 13 °. Lele ʻo Caviar ma kahi lua i ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka spawning, heʻu me nā one a me nā ʻili.

Ma hope o ka hakakā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka salmon a nāwaliwali hoʻi, a make kekahi hapa o ka puaʻa. ʻAʻole like ka paona o ka make ʻana o nā iʻa ma nā wahi āpau. Hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia e ka nui o ka huli ʻana no ka lawaiʻa, kahi ma 9 a he 28 pakeneka no kekahi mau muliwai. Hoʻomaka ʻokoʻa nā mea ola i ke kai a i ka loko paha, a noho pū kekahi ma ka muliwai a hiki i ka pūnāwai. Ma kahi o ka muliwai, ʻaʻole i hele ka luna salmon spidning mai kahi wahi spawning, akā neʻe ka neʻe i ka hohonu a me nā wahi.

I ka pūnāwai, ʻo ke kau ʻana o ka uea mai ka ʻōpū i ke ʻano o ka lālani ʻia. Ma ka muliwai, hoʻonui ka wai saloni mai ka makahiki 1 a 5 mau makahiki (ka maʻamau 2-3 mau makahiki), e ulu ana i kēia manawa i 15-18 cm.Mālama lākou i nā wahi wikiwiki a hānai i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā pepeke pepeke a me nā pepeke lākou iho. ʻO nā Salmonids i kekahi manawa hopu i ka ʻōiwi. No laila, he lawaiʻa i hopu i nā lāʻau iʻa i nā kahawai "salmon" pono e hiki ke wehewehe i nā salmonids ʻōpio a ke hopu ʻia, hoʻokuʻu koke lākou iā lākou i loko o ka muliwai. Ma mua o ke kāwili ʻana i ke kai a i ʻole kai a hala ʻole nā ​​salmonids i kā lākou mau ʻoki a loaʻa i ke kala kala. I ke komo ʻana i loko o ke kai a i ka loko paha, hoʻomaka ka paʻakai e ʻai ikaika a ulu wikiwiki, a hiki i ka paona o kekahi mau kilogram i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha makahiki. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o ka salmon ma ke kai a me ka loko he mau mea ʻalā mau a me ka iʻa ʻai nui.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka salmon i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka lele ʻana i nā loli: i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala, ua pāʻani ikaika ʻo ia, kahe nui ʻana mai loko mai o ka wai, me ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana a ka wai, lele ka wai ma lalo o ka wai. Pau ka lele ʻana a me ka salala i nā salona ʻaʻole e lele loa i ka wai, akā "nalo wale" ʻo ia kēlā, ʻo ia nō ka hōʻike ʻana i ka pau dorsal a i ʻole ka pau o ka huelo ma luna o ka wai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ka pāʻani salmon i ke anuanu, a ma ka manawa mua a me ka pūnāwai ua hoʻomaka loa ka pāʻani i ka hihiu, a i ka hopena o ka ʻūhā - i ke awakea.

Lawaiʻa Salmon

ʻO ka kiʻi kāmona i mea ʻole ka mea maʻalahi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā salmon i nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻole i loaʻa mau, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lākou ma nā wahi e nani a nani loa. Ma kēlā me kēia kahawai kahi nā wahi e hoʻomaka ai kahi kāhea ʻano kiʻekiʻe, ma mua o kēlā neʻe kolo i kēlā ʻaoʻao maikaʻi. I kēia mau kiko, pili mau ka salmon ma mua o ka hū ʻana.

Piʻi ʻo Salmon i ka pō a i ʻole ma lalo o ka uhi i nā wai lepo. Ma nā lapalapa ikaika, ʻike ʻoe i ka lele ʻana i ka salmon me ka nui o ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki e kūʻē i ka nalu. Ma waena o ka poʻe o ka ʻāina o Sochi, nui ka hana ʻana i ka lawaiʻa no ka lawaiʻa salmon, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ka lawaiʻa i ka hema a ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ke kauā me ke kaupaona ʻana he 8 kg ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia he hihia kūikawā ma ia manawa, ua huki pinepine ʻia nā anglers i loko o ka loko iʻa a me nā mea hou aku. ʻO nā manawa pinepine i ka manawa like me nā pali ukana.

Kūkulu ʻia nā huaʻai i kēia manawa ke hāʻule ai nā mea hina, a i ʻole i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā maunu e ke au ma kahi o kahi pua a hoʻolei kokoke i ka maka. I kēia manawa, pono ia, ka hoʻāʻo e pale i ka mea hoʻokiʻe e hele i luna, e hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki o ka puli.

Inā ma hope o ka hapanui o ka huki ʻana ʻaʻohe huaʻu, a laila pono ʻoe e neʻe i ka lua. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka salmon e ka huki ʻia e ka ukana, no laila e lawe ʻoe i ka ukana a lawe i ka pā kaumaha ("Devons", "Snakes", "Salmon", a).

I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia kaawai a me nā ala o ke kaʻa ʻana i ka lure me ke ākea ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā pā nui a me nā hana. ʻOiai ʻo kēlā lawaiʻa e ukali ʻia e ka pilikia o ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea kuahiwi, he mea kūpono hoʻi e lawe i kēia kaʻi. Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e alakaʻi alakaʻi i ka salmon i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pale aku ia mai ka wawahi ʻana.

Maʻa ikaika nā mea ʻalemona. Ia manawa like me ka pupuhi, lele koke ʻo ia a iho i lalo i ke kahawai me kāna puna i loko o kona waha, akā kaʻawale loa hoʻi i ka lua. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale aku i kēia heleʻe o ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole ia he ikaika. Akā, kau i ka reel i ka pahu a hoʻōla i luna o ke koʻokoʻo a kiʻekiʻe aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke palena palena iā ʻoe iho i ka haki o ke kuʻi, pono hoʻi e uhaʻi i kekahi me nā manamana lima hema. I kekahi manawa e lohi i ka bobbin i ka girth me kou lima ʻākau, a hoʻopaʻa wale i ka koʻokoʻo me kou lima hema.

Ke holo wikiwiki nei i kahi pāpū pāpū, huli ana ka luna i ke holo ʻana me ka wikiwiki like. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolei ʻana, akā, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana, no ka mea, aia ke ʻano wikiwiki nei ia. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lua a i kahi pōhaku nui paha, kū ka salmon, a ʻike ka lawaiʻa e moe ana ka iʻa ma ke ana. He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka salmon mai ka lua.

Ma hope o kēlā hakakā ʻana, ua hoʻomaha ka lawaiʻa, e nānā pono ana i kāna ʻōpala a nānā i nā ikaika o ka kalā, nā puʻupuʻu, ka leʻo a me ka ikaika loa o ka kīlei kokoke i ka lehi.

ʻO ka wā maikaʻi loa e hopu ai i ka salmon ma ke kakahiaka kakahiaka. Holo kēia ika iʻa a hiki i ke awakea, a laila hala ʻole he mau hola, a hiki i ke ahiahi, he ʻokoʻa wale nō ia, a i ke ahiahi, hoʻomaka hou ka saloni me ka maikaʻi.

ʻO ke anuanu maikaʻi loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma mua o ka hekili a me ka ua nui.

Ma ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka wā, ʻōlelo ʻo nā lawaiʻa kūloko i ka lawaiʻa no ka ʻulā, no ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka salmon no ka iʻa make, akā ke hopohopo kekahi.

Kaaumaka Salmon

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Salmon me kahi mea maikaʻi nani me ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ka ʻono maikaʻi. Nui ʻano ʻano o ke kuke ʻana. Maikaʻi ʻo Salmon i ke ʻano o nā kīlapa (ceviche, carpaccio, pickled salmon), a ma nā kīʻaha koʻikoʻi.

Hana ʻo Salmon i mau ʻuala, mousses, soufflés, pastes, cutlets, mea hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā pie a me nā casseroles, hoʻohui ʻia i nā pāāhuʻu. ʻO ka iʻa ʻohana Salmon kahi mea punahele punahele loa i ka lawaiʻa ma Iapana, ʻoiai ʻo ia he salmon kahi o nā ʻāpana nui o ka sushi, sashimi a me nā ʻola.

ʻO ka kūpono o ka meaʻai

100 g ka salmon i loko o 68.5 g o ka wai, 19.84 g o ka palaka, 6.34 g o ka momona a ʻaʻohe momona i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO kāna haʻawina kalolo he 142 kcal no 100 g ka paona. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia iʻa. Loaʻa ka selenium, mau huaora B, nā huaora A, E, D, biotin, acid acid. A waiwai ʻo Salmon i nā ʻāpana o nā wahi a me nā mea e pono ai e like me ka yodine, ka phosphorus (200 mg), pākaʻi (490 mg), keleawe (250 μg), sodium (44 mg), magnesium (29 mg), calcium (12 mg), nā pū kekahi he mea hao, manganese a me ka zinc.

Ka nui o ka salmon me ka momona o ka unsaturated omega-3, ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hoʻoponopono o ke kolamu, ka pae ʻana o ke koko, a hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka hānō, rheumatoid arthritis, a me ke kaumaha.

Salmon i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻonaninani

Ke kāhea ʻia ʻo Salmon i ka "iʻa no ka noʻonoʻo." ʻO nā momona momona o Omega-3 i loaʻa i ka ʻai salmon, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kolamu, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka maʻi cardiovascular, hoʻonui pū ka IQ (IQ).

ʻO ka make ʻana o ka wai me ka huaʻai, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka lolo, ka puʻuwai a me nā puʻupaʻa, a pale aku i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōpoki atherosclerotic i loko o nā moku. ʻO ka pākakai a me ke kalaiwa i loko o ka salmon e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika i ka musculoskeletal system.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka salmon caviar a me ka aila salmon (ʻo ka iʻa lawaiʻa) i ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani e hana i ka anti-kahiko a me ka hānai, nā lauoho, a me nā mea mālama kino.

Nā Hoʻohui

ʻOiai kona waiwai āpau maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia nā salmon no nā wahine hāpai a me nā makuahine hānai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo o kekahi mau iʻa o kēia ʻohana he wai ka mercury. Ma ke kino o kahi pākeke, ʻaʻohe ona hopena koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka scanty, akā hiki ke hoʻopōʻino nui i nā pēpē a me nā embryo.

Ma muli o ka manaʻo i ka salmon ua manaʻo ʻia he iʻa aʻa, ʻaʻole pono e hōʻino ʻia kēia huahana e nā poʻe e loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalā, a me ka huʻu.

Ola ke ʻano a me ke ola ʻana

Pau ka wai āpau i nā wai kahe - wai ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. He kumu maoli kēia, ʻoiai he wai hou nā kūpuna o nā salmonids a ua ulu wale kekahi mau ʻano i loko o ka iʻa migratory (anadromous) - ke kumu salmon maoli: hanohano (Atlantika) salmon a me ka Pākīpika (Far Eastern). Ke hoʻolilo nei i nā ʻano kāmele me ka nui o ko lākou ola ma ka wai kai, e hānai ana i ke kaumaha, a hiki mai ka manawa (ʻoi aku ma hope o 2 mau makahiki 2), e hoʻi lākou no ka hele ʻana i nā kahawai, ma nā wahi i hānau ai lākou.

Noho aneane pau nā salmon a ka migratory i ke ola a make ma hope o ka spawning. Ua pili kēia i ka salmon Pacific (chum, pink salmon, sockeye salmon, etc.). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nei iā lākou, ʻaʻole e make ka poʻe āpau i waena o ka salmon a Atlantika (salmon), a ʻoi kekahi poʻe a ʻoi aku ia mau manawa he 4 (ʻo ka manawa wale nō ka 5 i ka manawa), ʻoiai kēia ka ʻokoʻa o ke kānāwai.

Ma mua o ke spawning, hele i ke ʻano o ka salamona migratory i ka metamorphose koʻikoʻi - ua loli ka helehelena, kūlohelohe nā ʻano kūloko - nalowale ke kino ona ʻula kala, loaʻa nā kala ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻulaʻula, lilo ia i kiʻekiʻe, ʻike pinepine ka hiʻu i nā kāne (no laila ʻo ia ka inoa o kekahi o nā ʻano. mālamalama ʻulaʻula). Loaʻa nā ʻōpū o ka salmon me ka hohola (ʻoi ke poʻo o luna, a lalo - i lalo), nui nā niho. Ma ka manawa like, ʻoi ka degeneration o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū a me ka ate, e lilo ai ka ʻiʻo i ka elastic a me ka momona a ma muli, me ka waiwai ʻole.

Koi ʻia ʻO Kamikani

Kokoke loa ʻo Grayling i ka salmon subfamily. ʻOkoʻa ka Grey mai ka salmon kūpono e ka palena dorsal lōʻihi a kiʻekiʻe a nona ka 17 a 24 mau māmā. I kekahi mau holoholona, ​​koi ke ʻano he ʻano o ka plume a i nā kala ʻānela loa. I loko o ka subfamily o ke hina hina hoʻokahi wale nō o nā huahe Grey (lat. Thymallus). ʻAno hina a pau - nā iʻa wai wai e noho nei ma nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko anu i ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Ma kekahi mau papa inoa, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻohana i loko o ka lalo o Salmonid (kahi, ʻoiai ka mea maikaʻi ke hōʻike i ka unuhi ʻana o nā inoa Latin ʻaʻole like like me ka ʻohana a me subfamily - Salmonidae a me Salmoninae). Loaʻa i nā laufiliki ma kēia hihia, kēlā me kēia kūlana. Akā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ia mau papa.