ʻO ka hōʻikeʻike waiwai no ka huki. I ka manawa hoʻokahi o kēia puʻupuʻu manuahi nui e noho nei i nā ʻāpana nui o ʻEulopa, akā ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka ka nīnū i ke ʻimi e ʻike pinepine iā ia i ka manawa i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book.

ʻAu manu nā nui nui, kēlā me kēia mea, he hōʻikeʻike nui. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēia manu ʻo Dudak. Akā ʻo ka huni ke kumu wale no ka pau o kēia ʻano.

Hiki i nā mea pili maikaʻi ke hoʻopili i ka nui o ka manu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māla mahiʻai, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka māla ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kula i ʻike ʻia e kēia mau manu.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau

I Europe, ʻo ia ka manu nui loa e hiki ai ke lele. Noho ʻo ia ma Rūsia. ʻAi manu Bustard steppe ma nā hōʻailona ma waho he mau hiʻohiʻona pū:

-ʻʻo kahi mehameha nui, muscular,

- ke kaupaona kino o nā kāne mai 15 a 20 kg,

- ka lōʻihi o ke kino kāne a hiki i ka mita,

-paona paonaa a hiki i ka 6 kg,

- ka lōʻihi o ke kino 70-110 cm,

- kahi heihei mākeke a pōkole e hiki ai i ka manu ke loaʻa nā meaʻai like ʻole.

- lōʻihi a lōʻihi

-mona manu kamahao,

-niina, ʻulaʻula, pāpaha nā kiʻi (ʻulaʻula),

- ʻōpū a me ka ʻumi keʻokeʻo,

- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a loaʻa iā lākou ka ngala hulu (kahi e nalowale nei i ka wā o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka hāʻule)

- ʻike maikaʻi ʻia,

He wāwae ikaika ka manu me nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu e kōkua ai i ka holo wikiwiki, ua uhi ʻia i nā mea kaupaona, ʻaʻohe nele i ka plumage. ʻOiai kona nui, lele lele. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻalo ʻo ia e koi i ka wikiwiki.

ʻAʻole makemake nā Bustards i ka lele, makemake lākou i ka ʻauheʻe ʻana i nā ʻenemi

Noho ka manu o ka ʻohana bustard i loko o nā ʻōpala o ʻEulopa a me Asia. Ma ke ʻano he nui a ka poʻe lehelehe, hoʻomaka nā manu e ʻohi no ka wā, ua huli lākou i ka mahina ʻai, a ʻoliʻoli lākou i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka lau nahele kiʻekiʻe a makemake i nā nahele.

Hāpai ʻia ʻuluʻohi e noho i loko o nā hui a he maʻi maʻalahi. ʻAi manu Bustard steppe, maʻa mau ka hoʻoilo i loko o kona mau wahi, akā inā lōʻihi ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke hele i ke ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i kahi e hoʻomehana ai ka ua. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, inā he anuanu ke kuli, hiki i ka manu ke pili i ka migratory.

Hoʻopili lākou me ka makaʻu, ʻike lākou i ka pōʻino mai kahi mamao aku, holo ia a hūnā ma ka mauʻu. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa. Holo lākou i lalo ma luna o ka lepo, ʻaʻole wikiwiki. ʻO 2 mau mika ka ʻēheu. ʻAʻole makemake nui kēlā mau mea i ka pākeke e lele. ʻO ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai.

Aia kahi mau subspecies o ka bustard: ʻEulopa a me Siberian Hikina. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka manu Europa e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ke poʻo, kahi ʻano dorsal me nā ʻalā liʻiliʻi a me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. ʻO East Siberian kahi ʻōlamalama ʻoi aku ma ke kua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kukuna a he like nō hoʻi nā kāne me nā manamana, nā hulu ma ke poʻo hoʻi.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o ka bustard, e hoʻolele ka manu steppe i kona manawa ma ke kahua, e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻohe mau pāpale ʻōpū o ka manu, no laila ua wela ka wela i ka ʻāina a hohola i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hanu nui loa ka hanu.

A i hūnā paha ma ka malu. ʻAʻohe ʻē aʻe i ka lau o ka hulu manu, ʻo ia ka mea e maloʻo ai lākou. Hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kēia no ka frosts, inā māno ka manu a me ka manuahi, paʻakikī ke kahe a puni.

Hoʻokomo ka ʻai o nā manu i nā cereals, nāhelehele (ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ke makemake loa), nā pepeke (ʻūlū, nā ʻūhihi) a me nā hua ʻōiwi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi no lākou, ʻo ka baki, nā mea kīwī a me nā ʻiʻo.

Hiki i kēia manu ke manaʻo ʻia he mea kūlohelohe; akā hānai lākou i nā moa a ʻo ko lākou mau hoahānau aloha ʻole. E hānai nā manu i nā kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi i ka ahiahi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka manu i ke ao.

Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka manu me ka ʻeha, hele i kahi i ka wai e hōʻō ai i ka makewai. He mea maikaʻi loa lākou me ka mahalo i ka wai, no laila ua waiho lākou i kā lākou mau puhaka ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai āu e makemake ai, a i ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻohana lākou i ka hoʻoilo. Aka, hānai wale lākou i kā lākou mau pīkī me nā popo a me nā mea hoihoi.

E luhi hiki i nā ʻaeto ke kū mai ka lewa. Makemake nui nā mea hoʻōla e hoʻolauleʻa i kēia manu. Ua ʻeu ʻia lākou: nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio, a me nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio. Pilikia nō hoʻi nā nests, he hauʻoli nā mea kauleʻa e hauʻoli i nā moa a me nā hua pākaʻi.

ʻAu manu. ʻO ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, nā ʻano a me nā noho o ka bustard

Pahi lunanui, ka like o ka ostrich liʻiliʻi, he mea maʻamau o ka mea o ka mauʻu palona. I ka wā ma mua, ua noho nā manu i nā wahi semi-efitra o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika. Ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Russia, ua manaʻo ʻia nā manu he "pāʻani nui". Ke nalowale nei i kēia lā ma kahi āpau ʻāpuna - i loko o ka Red Red Book.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hoʻomaka ka pilina ma nā manu i ka pūnāwai, me nā pāʻani moe. ʻO ke kāne ke ola i ka makahiki ʻelima o kona ola ʻana, aia i kēia makahiki ke plumage ia i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka wahine. Kūleʻa ka nui o nā wahine, ʻoi aku i nā makahiki he 3-4 ke mākaukau lākou no ka mare ʻana.

I ka mua, hoʻāla ka kāne i ka ʻekahi fluffy, a hōʻike i kāna ʻano keʻokeʻo. A laila hoʻoili ʻo ia i kona ʻāʻī a hoʻoiho i kona ʻāʻī, e hōʻike ʻia ana no ke hōʻike ʻana. A ʻo ka hana hope loa e hohola ʻia i kou mau ʻēheu i hiki i nā wahine āpau ke hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka hīmeni maikaʻi. Hoʻomaka nā pāʻani pāʻani i ke kakahiaka nui.

ʻO kā lākou pilina he polygamous, i hoʻokahi manawa manawa i hiki i ke kāne ke male me nā hoa pili. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hele ka wahine i kahi pūnana, a hoʻowalewale ke kāne i nā wahine ʻē aʻe.

ʻ diglelo ka wahine i kahi lua hohonu hohonu a kāohi iā ia me nā ʻūhā. Eia kekahi, hoʻi lākou i ka wahi aloha i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Mai ʻApelila a Mei, ʻaʻole nui o ʻekolu mau hua e waiho ai, me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 9 cm. I loko o kēia manawa, e kau ʻia nā hua ma hoʻokahi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā hua ma kahi polakiʻeleʻele.

Hoʻokomo kahi wahine i nā hua, mai ʻekolu a ʻehā pule. He aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻo ia ma ka huaʻai ma muli o kāna maʻi plumage. Hoʻokahi lā lā kahi noho o ka pēpē i loko o ka pūnana, mai ka lua o ka lā ua hele ʻo ia me kona makuahine me ka ʻimi e ʻai.

Inā e noho ana ka moa i loko o ka pūnana, lawe mai ka makuahine iā ia i ka ʻai, a inā ʻike iā ia i ka pōʻino, ʻā ʻo ia me ka pīhoihoi a ke hūnā nā pipi i ka mauʻu. Hoʻopau ka wahine i ka pōʻino, ka mea i ka maʻi o ka pūnana, a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi iā ia iho. Ma hope o 1,5 mau mahina, ʻaneʻane nā manu e lele, akā e mālama mau ka wahine iā lākou. I ka wā ngahulu, lele nā ​​manu no ka hoʻoilo.

He hilahila loa ʻo Bustard, a hū ka manu a hoʻopulu i nā nests i nā mānoanoa pōkole

ʻO ke ola he 20 he mau makahiki. Hiki i ka pokela ke hoʻomohala i ko lākou ola, ʻai pinepine i ka moena.

He mau holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo Bustard, no laila ʻaʻole pau ka manu mai ka honua mākou i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Red Book. Hōʻāpā ʻia ka huli ʻana, e ʻimi nā ʻepekema i nā ala e ulu ai hale ma ka home.

Inā ʻike nā limahana o nā kikowaena kūikawā i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona laka i nā wahi i pōʻino loa i kona ola, a laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou a kau ʻia i loko o kahi incubators. Ma hope o ka honu puaʻa, hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka hihiu.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

He manu manu e hū ana mai nā pahu manu-like. ʻO ka inoa ʻelua. ʻO ka manaʻo pro-Slavic o ka hua'ōlelo bustard e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ka "holo wikiwiki" a me ka "manu". Kē ʻia ka ʻōlelo i loko o ke ʻano o ka umauma e holo ai, a ʻaʻole lele e lele i ka pōʻino.

ʻOhana ʻo Bustard

Me kona ʻano nui, ua like ka manu me kahi turki. Hoʻonui ʻia ka umauma, lei ʻāʻī. Nā nui Kūpono He mea kupanaha ka. Loaʻa ka momona nui i ka 19 kg, ʻo ka nui o ka wahine ka hapalua he nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe nui he 0.8 - 1 m. Maʻalahi ia e ʻike ai i ka puhipū ʻana i kona mau ʻēheu ākea, kahi kaikuʻu lōʻihi me kahi kikoʻī i ka ʻuʻuku. ʻO kahi mea hoʻonaninani kupanaha i loko o ka pupu pua o kahi bustard e paʻi i ke kino, e hōʻike ana i kahi huelo keʻokeʻo. Ke hoʻolaha ka manu i kona mau eheu, 210-260 cm ka mauʻu.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pale wāwae ʻole me ka plumage, i uhi ʻia me nā unahi hina. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia nā wāwae i ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina, ka holo wikiwiki. Ma nā wāwae, 3 mau manamana lima. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea e lele maikaʻi ai kahi pōpoki, akā makemake ʻo ia i ke ola terrestrial. Lawe i ka hana, akā wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki. I wehewehe wehewehe hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui iā ia i ke lele ʻana i kona ʻāʻī, ʻohi i kona mau wāwae. Manaʻo ʻo Ornithologists ʻo ia ka manu lele lele nui i waena o nā ʻohana pili hulu.

ʻO ka pliage o ka waihoʻoluʻu ka loko o nā kala o ka brown, hina, keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele. Mai kahi mamao loa, e kūlike ana i kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula ulaula i ka hulu manu, ʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona hōʻailona aniani. Liki ka lutule ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Ke keʻokeʻo nei nā ʻōpū o Abdomen, umauma, hoʻokele, lalo o nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā maka me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele, he beak pale ashen.

Kūkū Bustard i ka lele

I ka pūnāwai, ʻike ʻia ka "kohu" i loko o nā ʻōpala o nā kāne, puka mai nā hulu wulu ikaika, kuhikuhi ʻia a i nā ʻaoʻao mai ke kumu o ka beak. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻolālā a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ka lau me kahi ʻulu molt.

I hoʻokahi mau makahiki i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia ka manu he mea maʻamau no ka hopu. Ma nā kumuwaiwai papa palapala, nā memoir, nā kahu āpau o nā kūpuna i hoʻākāka pinepine ʻia, nā mea i loaʻa mau i ke alanui. Ua hoʻopiʻi nā tausani manu i nā awāwa ma mua o ka hāʻule. Ua liloʻo Bustard i hōʻailona, ​​ka mea i noʻonoʻo i ke kaʻe o nā lima o ke kūlanakauhale o Lgov, ma ka hae o ke kalana ma ʻEnelani. I kēia manawa, he manu pau ka manu ma ka hihiu. ʻO nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka e moe ana i ka hopu ʻana, ʻaʻole e loli, e hoʻonui ana i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai.

I waena o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻo ka mea weliweli he nui nā kaila terestrial - nā alopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio hakakā. Hoʻokahi ʻia nā kūloko liʻiliʻi e nā ʻeto ʻenehana, nā ʻaeto gula, nā aeto ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā moena hānai i pili i ka nohona, nā mea manu, nā mea ʻakū. Hōʻalo ʻia nā manu akamai e pili ana i nā lako o ke kula, e hoʻoweliweli i nā hens mai nā nest, e waiho ana i nā hua i nā mea hoʻolaha hulu.

ʻĀkau momona

E mele ana a Bustard ua lohe ʻia i ka wā mālama. I kekahi mau wā'ē aʻe, he malu ia. Hoʻokani nā kāne i nā leo hoʻoheheʻe kokoke. Uwē nui nā kāne i kā lākou kāhea ʻana i nā nati. Mai nā ʻuʻu hiki ke lohe ʻoe i nā loina pōkole o nā ʻōpio ulu.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka mea aloha

Noho nā Bustards ma nā konohiki like ʻole, ʻokoʻa ka laulā, ʻulaʻula, nā hiʻohiʻona forage. I ka huina, he 26 mau ʻāpana a he 11 genera.

I waena o nā ʻelele makamae o nā manu nui:

Hōʻikeʻike Bustard Corey

• la hoʻokē - he mea noho o ka savemanu ma Aferika, sandy semi-kahelehele. ʻAno kala-hina ke kala o ka plumage. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ola paʻa, neʻe iki i ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO manu manu nui e lele ai i ʻAmelika. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, hiki i ka 120 kg. Noho lākou i nā pūʻulu o nā kanaka 5-7,
• inde waiwaona - noho i ka wahi ākea, mau mahina ʻai, nā hale hoʻokipa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka manu e piʻi ana i 1 mita, ʻo ka nui o ke kanaka e pili ana iā 18 kg. E hele kiʻekiʻe ana, 'o kēlā me kēia mahele. ʻO Poaching ua kokoke ke kumu o ke luku piha ʻana i nā manu. Aia ma lalo o ka palekana aupuni.

ʻŌpū India

Hoʻopau loa nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ʻApelika. Hōʻike no ka maopopo ka mea kāhea liʻiliʻi? Hana paʻakikī. Loaʻa nā poʻe āpau o 5 i nā pākēneka o nā pālua he 1-2 kg i kēlā Nā pōkole liʻiliʻi:

Nā ʻōpū lei ʻāʻele

• ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele - He manu nūnē me ke ʻano ʻāpana ʻano o ka plumage. ʻO nā kala ʻulaʻula-kala ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka pigmentation. He 50-60 cm ka nui o nā manu. Noho lākou i nā wao nahele maloʻo me ka mea kanu palu.
• Senegalese - nā kānaka o ʻulaʻula-kaomi ʻulaʻula me kahi hiʻohiʻona coraky. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kāne e ka pua hue a ʻūru ma kona ʻāʻī. ʻO ka paona awelika o kahi kanaka he 1.5 kg. Ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Aferika.

ʻO Senakerese bustard

Ma ka māhele o Rūsia, aia kahi kikowaena post-Soviet he ʻekolu mauʻano o nā aloha aloha:

ʻO Bustard jack a maikaʻi paha

• jack (ka-nani-nani). ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā manu ʻōiwi i loko o ka holo zigzag. Hoʻokaʻa ʻia nā ʻike i nā maka nui me nā ʻulaʻula ʻōlule. I ka wā moe, noho ka kāne ma ke ʻano kūpono, hoʻāla i kahi koloa, kahi ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo a puni ke ʻāʻī, ke poʻo,
• makewai - ka nui o ka manu me ke kao a i ʻole kahi mākaʻi ʻeleʻele. Ke kalaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā pehuʻeleʻele. ʻO kahi kolana o nā kīʻaha ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo e puni ana i ka ʻāʻī ʻo ia ka hoʻonaninani nui o nā manu. Hōʻike ka inoa i nā kani i hana ʻia e nā ʻēheu i ka lele. No e hoʻohalahala ana, e lele ana i ka makani, ka haʻalulu, kūlohelohe,
• lunanui - ua nui ka manu, a hiki i ka 16 kg ke paona. Noho ia ma nā wahi steppe. ʻO ka ʻāʻī ākea, nā wāwae ikaika, ka plumage ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo me nā ʻāpana ʻōuli i ke kala.

Hana ke kāne male i kahi hula hula

Hoʻoikaika & Habitat

Hoʻohana nā Bustards i ke ao. I ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi holo nui lākou i ka meaʻai, a pau nā hola wela i lalo o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka poni. I ke kau anuanu, hana lākou me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaha, hele mālie me ka mālama maikaʻi, ʻūleū paluhū i ka lau, a kū pinepine. Ma ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, hūnā lākou i ka nahele mauʻu a lele koke paha.

He ʻōlele ka manu i ka makani i ka makani, lele pololei. ʻO ka lele ʻana o kekahi mau pōpeku i hilahila, ʻaʻole hana i nā kiʻi air. ʻO nā keʻena keʻokeʻo o nā ʻēheu a me nā hulu manu ʻeleʻele e ʻike ʻia mai lalo. Hoʻokomo manu nā manu i loko o nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, like me ia me nā kāne like ʻole. I nā wā anuanu, hiki i ka haneli o nā kānaka i hāʻule i loko o nā ʻohana nui.

ʻŪhi ʻaʻā Arab a me nā nūnein bee-eater

Nā ʻohana Bustard ka ʻoi pinepine i ka noho ʻana i ke ola noho ʻana, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau i noho i nā manu migratory noho, e haʻalele ana no ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Noho ʻo Bustards ma ke komohana komohana ʻo Siberia, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina mai ke Kai Caspian a i nā Urals. Hoʻonui ākea zonal i kahi hōʻailona o ke kaha kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano. Loaʻa ka manu ma nā ʻāina i hoʻololi ʻia e ke kanaka. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā manu ma kahi ʻōpala kiʻekiʻe, hāmama i nā wahi puʻu haʻahaʻa me nā wahi ʻole.

Iā Aia i hea ka pākē ʻAʻohe wai i hoʻohuihui wai ʻole, nā wahi ala uaki paʻakai. He manu ka Bustard, ka noho ʻana i nā wahi i ʻānai ʻia o nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Aia ia i ka wahi noho inā haʻalele nā ​​palahalaha i ko lākou mau wahi paʻa. ʻAʻole pono ka like o ka neʻe ʻana me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka mahana me ka mānoanoa o ka hau. ʻO ka hemahema o ka hānai kumu ke kumu nui o ka huakaʻi hele i ke kahakaha mau haneli mau mile i kahi mau wahi me ka hau.

Mea ʻai

Hoʻokomo ka ʻai i nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai holoholona. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike o ka pāʻālua i nā kumu he nui:

• nā ʻeneki ʻōwili
• kāne male
• makahiki
• mea kanu ʻai.

ʻO nā mea kanu nā mea kanu, nā lau, nā lau, nā hua kanu. Mahalo nā manu i nā dandelions, tansy maʻamau, scherda, māla kao, māla pua lui, ʻili, kō, nā mea kanu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā rhizome i nā kāleka i ka meaʻai, kaʻu palaoa ʻōpala. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hānai, nā ʻaiʻai e ʻai i nā pua me kahi hoʻolālā fibrous, no ka laʻana, ka lau o ka pīpī, kahi e hala ai i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā manu, i kekahi manawa o ka make.

ʻĀpio wahine ʻimi e ʻai

I ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nā holoholona hānai i nā iniseti manu like ʻole, kā lākou pili. ʻO nā ʻaiā, nā hīlima, nā ʻūhā, ka ʻūhini, nā ʻū, nā pulupulu, a me ka waiwai o Colorado, e lilo i mea pōā. Ua hele aku ka ʻūhā, nā ʻāʻeke, nā baki, nā kīlī, nā mea hao me nā kiʻi. ʻO kekahi manawa lilo ka lilo ʻana o ka lohi o nā māla lau e waiho ana ma ka lepo.

ʻAʻole kāʻili ʻo Bustards i ka lepo e like me nā hīnaʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e huki i ka mauʻu a me nā wāwae me nā wāwae a me nā ʻūhā. Hōʻalo ka manu ʻoi i ka meaʻai ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina, hopu nā holoholona me nā lele wikiwiki, hopu me ka pūkī, pīhoihoi, kuʻi i ka ʻāina ma mua o ka meʻa i ka ʻai. I kekahi manawa ke ale nei nā mea aloha i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana. Ke hāhai nei lākou i ka ʻike o loko o ka ʻōpū e like me ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka wai ka mea nui o ka ʻai o nā manu. Lele nā ​​ʻeke o nā makani i nā kino wai, i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻohana lākou i ka hau.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Bustard

ʻO Otis tarda (kahi makua i kapa ʻia ʻo dudak) hoʻi ka inoa o ka ʻohana Bustard mai ka Crane Order a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā manu lele ʻuhane nui. Ulu ke kāne i ka nui o ka turkey a ʻoi aku ke kaupaona ʻia ʻelua mau manawa ʻelua ma mua o ka wahine. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka paona o ke kāne he 7-16 mau kg me ka lōʻihi o 1.05 m, aʻo ke kaupaona ʻana o nā wahine i ka 4-8 kg me ka lōʻihi o 0.8 m.

ʻElua mau subspecies o nā kupapaʻu i wehewehe ʻia:

• Otis tarda tarda - Pākīpē hui,
• Otis tarda dubowskii - East Siberian bustard.

Kāleka

He manu liʻiliʻi kēia ia me ka umauma ākea a me ka lei ʻāʻī. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i nā ʻanuʻu hulu manu ʻaʻole i nui loa i nā hana hoʻowalewale, e like me kāna kinikini motley a me nā wāwae kūpono ʻole (e laʻa no ka neʻe o ka ʻāina).

I ka plumage kaila ulaula, ʻeleʻele a me ka hina hina, like hoʻi me ke keʻokeʻo, ka mea i paʻi i ka ʻōpū, ka umauma, ma lalo o ka huelo a i hope o nā ʻēheu. ʻO ke poʻo me ka ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele hina mauʻu (me nā aniani ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka hikina. ʻO ka piko o nā hulu ʻulaʻula-hoʻonaninani me kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano hoʻohālike me nā peka transvers black. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ke kauoha mua e ʻeleʻele mau, i ka brown brown keʻa, akā me nā aʻa keʻokeʻo.

He hoihoi kēia! Ma ka pūnāwai, loaʻa nā kāne i nā ʻōpala "kolamu" a me "nā ʻōpala". ʻO nā kīkaha hulu huluhulu ma ke ʻano o nā kaula lōʻihi e holo ana mai ke kumu o ka beak a nā ʻaoʻao. Ma nā keiki kāne "haki nā kāne" huki a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela.

Ma kahi o ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻōloe nā wahine i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kala / hoʻoilo o nā kāne. He kīpukuhukohu māmā a nā maka melemele, a ʻo nā wāwae lōʻihi hoʻi o kahi kala melemele. 3 nā manamana wāwae ma kēlā me kēia wāwae. Kahi ka lā, kūleʻa i ka hope. ʻO ka laulima ākea he 1.9–2.6 m. Holo i ka mea kīʻaha me ke hoʻoikaika, akā lele koke ka lele ʻana, ke hohola nei i kona ʻāʻī a hopu i nā wāwae ʻaʻole i pākaʻi aku ma mua o ka lihi o ka huelo.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAe ʻole ka lapalapa ʻia ʻo Wing flap, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā māla keʻokeʻo nui a me nā hulu ʻē aʻe e lele ana i luna.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

He lālā ʻo Bustard no ka ʻohana ʻohana aloha a ʻo ka lālā hoʻokahi o ka ʻohana Otis wale nō. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manu ola kiʻekiʻe e lele nei, aia i loaʻa ma loko o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka wahine ikaika, ikaika, akā hanohano, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka kāne kāne convex a me ka umauma nui me kahi hiʻipiʻi upturned.

ʻO ka paʻu o ka ʻohana ka male ʻana he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a 20 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou kua a me ko ka lāʻī. Hōʻike ʻia kahi laina o ka hulu ma ka umauma a ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī, i ʻulaʻula ʻia a lilo i ʻōlamalama a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wā. Ua hele pololei kēia mau manu i lele a me nā pā ikaika a pā mau ʻana o nā ʻēheu.

Wikiō: Bustard

I ka ʻohana ʻohana, 11 genera a me 25 mau ʻano. ʻO Bustard measles kekahi o 4 mau ʻano ma ka ʻano ʻo Ardeotis, nona kekahi ʻalepau Arab, ʻo A. arabs, ka mea nui i aloha nui ʻia ʻo A. nigriceps a me ka ʻāʻā Australian Australian A. australis. I loko o nā kaʻina Gruiformes he nui nā ʻohana pili o nā halakā, a me nā pū kani a me nā cranes.

Aia kekahi 23 mau pūʻulu pili e pili ana i ka ʻApelika, Hema ʻĀpelika, ʻAsia, Australia a me nā ʻāpana o New Guinea. He lōʻihi nā wāwae o Bustard, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka holo ʻana. Hoʻokahi wale lākou mau manamana lima, a nele ko lākou manamana lima hope. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, paʻa nō ia ma kahi kūlana kūpono, a ʻoliʻoli ka ʻāʻī i mua o nā wāwae, e like me nā manu lele lele e holo ana.

Aia i hea ka noho ʻana o ka mea hoʻonani?

Kuhi: manu Bustard

Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā Bustards i ke kikowaena a me ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa, kahi nui lākou o nā manu ʻehā nui loa, a ma Asia āpau. MaʻEulopa, noho mau ka lehulehu i ka hoʻoilo, aʻo ka manu ʻAmelika e holo lōʻihi ana i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Noho kēia holoholona i nā wahi hānai, ke anuʻu a wehe i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. Makemake lākou i nā wahi kanu me ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi he alo kanaka.

ʻEā mau lālā o ka ʻohana bustard i loaʻa ma India:

• ʻO Ardotis inday Ardotis nigriceps mai ka pāpū a me nā wahi neoneo i ka ʻāina,
• bustd MacQueen Chlamydotis macqueeni, kahi malihini i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi wao o Rajasthan a me Gujarat,
• Lesp Florican Sypheotides indica, loaʻa ma nā pāpū mauʻu pōkole ma ke komohana a me Central India,
• ʻO Boubalopsis ka florian ʻo Bengali mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, maloʻo ʻoka o Therai a me ke awāwa ʻo Brahmaputra.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pona āpau kūloko a pau no ka mea e hopohopo ʻia, akā ke komo nei ka ʻāpuni India. ʻOiai ʻo kēia kaila i kēia manawa i pili pū me kona pae moʻolelo, ua nui ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Ua nalo aku ʻo Bustard ma kahi o 90% o kona kikowaena mua a ma ka hao paha, ua nalowale mai nā waihona kūlohelohe ʻelua i hana kūikawā ʻia e pale aku i nā ʻano.

I nā piki ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻanoʻano e iho wikiwiki nei. I ka wā ma mua, ʻo ia ka poaching a me ka luku ʻole, kahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia ai i ke ʻano he pilikia ʻole, akā, i kēia manawa hoʻokele waiwai ʻole, mālama i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau pilikia pilikia ka pilikia.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka bustard?

Kuhi: Bustard i ka lele

Mea nui ʻole ʻo Bustard; ʻo ia e hānai i nā mea kanu like ʻole o ka mauhelehele, ka palaki, nā mea kanu, nā cereal, nā pua a me nā hua waina. Pahu pū kekahi i nā rodents, nā moa o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā ʻōpala, nā pōpoki, nā pepeke nui a me nā hua pā. ʻO nā Lizards a me nā moʻo amphibian e ʻai ʻia, e pili ana i ka manawa.

Pela ka pio ana ma:

• nā ʻanā pau loa
• nā ʻōpala
• nā maʻi liʻiliʻi
• ʻuʻukani liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā mea inikua, e like me ka ʻūhini, nā ʻikipiki, a me nā pōpoki, e hana i ka hapa nui o kā lākou ʻai i ka wā o ke kauwela kauwela, i ka wā e ulu ai ka ua ma India a me ka wā hoʻoulu e kū pinepine. ʻO nā ʻāpana (me ka palaoa a me ka pīpī), hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻāpana nui i ka ʻai i loko o nā mahina anu loa a me nā mahina o ka makahiki.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea aloha manu a me ka leʻaleʻa i ka ʻohana, a hāʻawi i nā loli i loko o ka hale i hoʻolauna ʻia e nā mammals e like me nā manu, pipi, a me nā hipa. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka mea i pilikia ma New South Wales. Hoʻonohonoho lākou, ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki i kekahi manawa ke ʻoki ʻia (e hōʻiliʻili koke), a laila lele hou. Ma kahi mau wahi, e like me Queensland, aia kahi maʻamau o ka holo ʻana o nā pulu.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi: ʻōpū wahine wahine

Hōʻolele kēia mau manu a i waena o nā vertebrates kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui i ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne. No kēia kumu, noho nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o nā ʻokoʻa i ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka wā moe. Hoʻopilikia ka ʻano nui o kēia nui i ka koi ʻai, a me ke ʻano i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻoulu ʻana, a me ka neʻe ʻana.

ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he lula, ka ʻohana me nā ʻohana. ʻOi aku lākou i ka philopathic a me ka pilina ma mua o nā kāne, a paʻa pinepine i loko o kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe no ke ola. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ʻia nā kāne i kahi hierarchy hui ma o ke komo ʻana i nā hakakā, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hakakā, ka pā ʻana i ke poʻo a me ka ʻā o nā kāne ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa e hōʻeha ʻia, he ʻano maʻamau o nā busters. E neʻe kekahi mau ʻōhua lehulehu.

ʻIke maoli nō: Kūkā nā kuʻikahi i nā neʻe kūloko ma waena o kahi ala o 50 a 100 km. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā hoʻoulu, ʻo ia wale nō nā manu kāne, akā i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokumu lākou i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi.

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua male ka male o ke kāne ke hoʻohana nei i kahi ʻano hoʻokele, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "exploded" a "ʻia". He manuʻono ʻia ka manu a hānai i nā mea make, nā ʻūhā, nā rodents, nā lizards a me kekahi manawa, nā ʻōpū. ʻIke kekahi iā lākou e hānai i nā lau, hua, huaʻa, a me nā mea'ē aʻe i ka wā i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai, lawe nā manu wahine i mau ʻōpio ma lalo o nā ʻēheu.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

ʻOiai kekahi o nā ʻano o ka hānau ʻana o ka bustards i ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ʻike kikoʻī maikaʻi o ka manu a me ka hana ʻana, a me nā hana o ka migratory i pili me ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻano like ʻole i waena o nā kānaka a me nā poʻe. No ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, akā no ka hapanui o ka lehulehu, e hoʻomaka ana ka wā huakaʻi mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i Kepakemapa, e hoʻopuni ʻia ka nui o ka manawa monsoon kauwela.

Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻi i kēlā mau makahiki like me kēlā me kēia makahiki a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he mea hou nā mea hou aku, hana lākou i nā nests i hana ʻia i nā makahiki i hala e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe. He maʻalahi nā ʻuʻuku a ʻūhū mau loa i nā pohō i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina paʻapū a me nā wahi nahele.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia inā hoʻohana ʻia ka holoholona i kahi hoʻolālā kikoʻī, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻelua o ka wahine (kahi i hui ʻia ai nā kāne o nā kāne like ʻole me kekahi mau hoa) a me polygynous (kahi i moe ʻia ai nā kāne me nā wahine). Me he ʻano lā ʻole ke ʻano o nā ʻano pili. ʻO ka Lecking, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā kāne ma nā wahi hōʻike lehulehu e hoʻokipa a mālama i nā wahine, ʻike ʻia ma kekahi mau pūʻulu kanaka.

Eia nō naʻe, ma nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā kāne kāne ke huki aku i nā wahine i ko lākou mau wahi me nā leo nui e hiki ke lohe ʻia ma kahi mamao ma kahi o 0,5 km. ʻO ke ʻano ʻike o ke kāne ke kū i luna o ka ʻāina ākea me kona poʻo a me kona poʻo, hoʻāla ʻia, ʻāneke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi ʻāwili puhipuhi hau piha i piha (ʻeke ma ka ʻāʻī).

Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia, ka lau kāne, a lilo ka wahine i mea kiaʻi kūʻokoʻa no kāna mau keiki. Hoʻopau ka hapa nui o nā wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu, akā ʻaʻole maopopo kahi wīwī o ʻelua mau hua. Hoʻomoe ʻo ia i kahi hua ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o kahi kū ʻana.

Hiki i kā Kūpī ke ʻai i kā lākou mau manawa ma hope o ka hebedoma, a piha lākou i ka wā e huli ai i 30-35 mau lā. Hoʻolaha loa ʻia ka hapa nui o nā cubs mai ko lākou mau makuahine i ka hoʻomaka o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻonui i ke keiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne e lilo i ʻelemakule a ʻelima mau makahiki a ʻelima paha makahiki.

ʻIke maoli nō: Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kaʻawale o ka neʻe i waena o nā momi ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu. Hiki i kekahi o lākou ke hana pōkole i loko o ka ʻāina, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe e lele i kahi lōʻihi ma o ka subcontinent.

Nā Kiʻi Bustards kūlohelohe

Kuhi: Steppe bustard manu

ʻO ka makeke he mea hoʻoweliweli, ʻo ka mea mua, i ka hua, nā wai a me nā ʻōpū kūpono ʻole. ʻO nā mea nui i mau ʻopiha ʻulaʻula, nā momi manuahi ʻē aʻe e like me nā badger, martens a me nā ʻalā hihiu, me nā hoki a me nā manu hānai.

He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pākeke makua, akā hōʻike lākou i ka hauʻoli nui a puni nā manu o ka ʻai, e like me nā ʻaeto a me nā vultures (Neophron percnopterus). ʻO nā holoholona wale nō i nānā iā lākou he ʻīlio hina (Canis lupus). I ka haʻi aʻe, hiki i nā pōkoki, nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hihiu ke hopu i nā moa. ʻO ka hua hipa ka aihue wale ʻia mai nā ʻuʻuku o nā ʻalopeke, mongooses, nā lizards, a me nā manu a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa o nā hua manu e hele mai ana i ka bipi ʻohi, i ka wā e hehi ai lākou iā lākou.

Hoʻopau kēia ʻanohele i ka ʻōpala ʻana a nalowale o kona noho ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka ʻāina a me nā haunaele kanaka e manaʻo ʻia e lilo i ka pio nui o ka noho ʻana ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala, afforestation, ulu ʻana nui, hana nui ʻana i ka hana o ka ʻano hana irrigation, a me ka hana ʻana o nā laina mana, nā alanui, nā pā a me nā alualu. Nā kuikawa a me nā pesticides, mekanization, nā ahi a me ka wānana ka ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli nui i nā moa a me nā waiʻai, ʻoiai e hānai ana i nā manu pākeke ka hopena o ka make nui ma kekahi mau ʻāina a lākou e noho ai.

Ma ka lele pinepine ʻia nā pōpoki a me ka pākōlohi ʻana i kā lākou manōloe nui i ko lākou paona nui a me nā ʻēheu nunui, ua hāʻule nā ​​kihi me nā laina mana ma nā wahi he nui nā mana o ka mana o loko, a ma nā wahi kokoke, a i ʻole ma nā wahi mokulele ma waena o nā awāwa.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o kahi bustard?

ʻO ka huina o nā heluna lehulehu e pili ana i ka 44,000-57,000 kūʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, helu nui kēia ʻano ʻano he mea palupalu, a i kēia lā ke emi nei kona helu. I ka makahiki 1994, ua papa inoa ʻia nā pōpoki me ka weliweli e ka International Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Endangered Spies. Ma ka makahiki 2011, akā, ua emi loa ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i ka mea e kuhi ʻo IUCN i kēia ʻano holoholona he mea pau i ka make.

ʻO ka nalowale o kahi noho a me kona degradation, ka mea nui, nā kumu nui no ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā bustards. Wahi a nā kaiāulu, e pili ana i ka 90% o nā kūlohelohe o nā kūlohelohe o nā ʻano, kahi i uhi ʻia i ka hapa nui o ke komohana ʻākau a me ke komohana-waena o India, ua nalowale, wāwahi ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke alanui a me ke kōmala, a hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻāwīwī ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka mahiʻai.

ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāina māla e hana i ka mea i loaʻa ka sorghum a me nā hua millet, kahi i ulu ai ka mea momona, ua lilo ia i kīleʻa a me nā mea i kūpaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​māla waina. ʻO ka hune a me ka poaching ua komo pū i ka hoʻohele ʻana o ka poʻe. ʻO kēia mau hana, i hui pū ʻia me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano a me ka paʻakikī o nā mea kūlohelohe, kau i ka bustard i kahi kūlana kūlike.

Kahu kiaʻi

Kiʻi: Bustard mai ka Puke ʻaha

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā papahana no nā pōpoki pōpilikia a hopohopo ma ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina o ka Soviet Union kahiko, a no ka African Great Bustard ma United States of America. Hoʻokumu nā mea hana me nā mea momona e hopohopo e hana i nā manu keu no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā wahi i pale ʻia. ka hānai ʻana e hoʻohana ana i nā kiʻi papa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā papahana hoʻoulu kaua i loko o ʻAmelika no nā ʻalunā a me nā pōkela cinnamon (Eupodotis ruficrista) ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka nohona o nā iwi i kū pono a me ka demografiically a me ka hilinaʻi ʻole ʻana i nā hoʻopuka mau ʻia mai ka hihiu.

Ma ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻokumu ke Aupuni o India i ka Bustard Project, kahi papahana mālama ʻōiwi no ka pale aku i ka pōmaikaʻi nunui o India, me ka hui pū ʻana o Bengal florian (Houbaropsis bengalensis), he mau florican maʻamau (Sypheotides indus) a me kā lākou mau wahi mai ka hōʻemi hou aʻe. Hoʻohālike ʻia ka papahana ma hope o Project Tiger, kahi hana nui i hana ʻia i ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki 1970 e pale ai i nā tigers India a me ko lākou mau wahi.

ʻUstkoʻo - ʻO kekahi manu lele e lele nei i kēia manawa. Hiki ke loaʻa ma loko o ʻEulopa, e neʻe ana i ka hema a i Sepania, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, no ka laʻana, i nā ʻanuʻu Lūkia. Kahi ʻia ʻo Bustard me ka pilikia o ka hānai ʻana, ke kūʻu nei kona lehulehu i nā ʻāina he nui. He manu ia ʻāina, ka mea i kapa ʻia e ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae a me kahi hāleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka pāpale o ke poʻo.

Hōʻanoʻike

He manu nunui ʻo Bustard, ʻelua o ka nui o ka nui hale kākele ʻeleʻele. ^ E Ha yM. He ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele ma nā kaupaona a me ka nui o nā wahine.

ʻO nā kūʻokoʻa o waho, he mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā tendrils hina hina, e kū ana i ka wā o ka hula. ʻO nā inoa kaulana o kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana bustard ʻo Dudak, Spoonbill.

ʻO ka mea ʻai me nā mea kanu ʻelua - nā mauhelehele, nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, a me nā meaʻai holoholona - nā mea inikua e like me nā mau wīwī a cicadasrodents like clas mice a nā lemola.

ʻIke ʻia nā keiki pālule palale i ke kiʻi kāne

Nui!I kekahi manawa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bustard i ʻelua mau subspecies. Eia naʻe, ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i ka plumage ma nā kāne ʻelemakule wale nō.

Manner o ka lele

Hiki iā Bustard ke holo wikiwiki, akā ʻoi aku ka neʻe wikiwiki a me ka manaʻo. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manu lele ʻapo kiʻekiʻe. E kū i ka lewa, pono nā mea pākahi e hoʻopuehu.

Loaʻa lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe; ʻOiai ke kahe mau nei ʻike, hoʻomohala ka manu i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 50 km / h. ʻAʻole e loaʻa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, lele kokoke ia i ka lepo.

Lele ka manu

Lawe ʻia ka wai hānai ʻana o nā manu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke mahana a me ka wā e kū mai ai nā ʻōpala. Holoi lākou, hana i mau a i ʻole i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 5 pākahi. ʻEle wale, manu hoʻihoʻi manu mai ka hoʻoilo.

Hōʻalo nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ma ka huli ʻana o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke lele ma luna o ka noho. I nā ʻāina hema, e pau ka noho ʻana o nā manu i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa wale nō.

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā a me ke ʻano o nā manu e ʻae i kēia aʻe:

1. ʻO ka nele o kahi kīkuhā cocclgeal, a me nā hoki hulu hoʻoinu. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā hulu. E hōʻoluʻolu i ka mahana wela, e noho pololei nā mea pākahi a ka pā i ka ʻēheu.Ua hānai ʻo Bustard ma o kāna nuku wehe. Loaʻa ka hulu manu ʻole i ka hau i ka wā ua. ʻO ka manuahi ma hope o ka ua he pilikia maoli no nā manu. Kahulu manu ka hulu, ma kēia ʻāina ʻo ia ka pale a pau ʻole.
2. ʻOiai ke hiki i ka mea lele i hiki i ka poʻe lele ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i ka lewa ma ka lōʻihi ka mamao o 100 m.
3. Kāleka hina-hina - hoʻōho kupanaha i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu.
4. Holo i ka ʻenemi, lele ka manu i ka ʻuʻuku a hui pū me ka mauʻu. I kēia, pili like kāna ʻano kāhea a i ʻole lākau lāʻau - Ke manaolana nei kēia mau manu no ko lākou mākaʻikaʻi ʻana.
5. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Bustard ma nā pāla holoholona. Kohi ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi i ka mahina ʻai a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā mea kanu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā moa nui i loko o kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
6. Hana ke kāne male kāne i kahi hulahula hāliʻiliʻi. Hoʻonui nui ka manu i ka ʻeke o ke kāʻei, e kau i kona poʻo i luna, hoʻāla i kona poʻo a me ka hulu.
7. I ka makahiki, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka manu i ʻelua. ʻO ke kāhea mua i ka puna (pre-wedding molt), ke hoʻololi pono ʻia nā hulu a me nā hulu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka leo kāhea i ka hāʻule (post-wedding molt). I kēia manawa, aia kahi loli piha o ka plumage.
8. ʻAʻole hana ʻo Bustard i nā kani. I loko o ka ʻōpū o nā manu aia wale nō ke kani kūlohelohe nui, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka haʻaheo a puka ke kāne i ka wā o ka hula. E kamaʻilio me nā moa, hoʻohana nui ka wahine i nā ʻokiʻoki pōkole. 'Speaklelo nā keiki liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou ala ponoʻī. Hana nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i kahi squeak, a ulu nā pākeke i nā pā wili.

ʻAno hele, hua

Nā hiʻohiʻona

E like me ke hōʻike ʻana o ke ola o ka mea hana manu, ke alakaʻi nei kēia manu i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka ʻimi ʻana e hana ai i ka mea ʻai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

ʻO kaʻokoʻa wale nō ke anuanu, i ka manawa e hānai ai nā kānaka i ka lā āpau. I ka pāʻina awakea, makemake nui nā puʻuwai i ka hoʻomaha, e noho maluhia ana ma ka papa.

Makemake nā manu i ka waiho ʻia ma kahi o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe.

Nui!ʻO nā holo huakaʻi e hana ʻia e nā pōpoki i hana ʻia i ke ao.

Nā Lāʻau

I ka wā ma hope o ka hano ʻana, mālama nā manu i nā ʻohana nui, hiki iā ia ke helu a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli kanaka. Kūkulu nā ʻano hui i nā manu o ka wahine like ʻole.

ʻO nā poʻe e komo ʻole i ka hoʻoulu ʻia e mālama ʻia i nā kahu hipa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēia ka poʻe wahine i nalowale i kā lākou mau laka.

Loaʻa nā kamaiki i nā wā puberty e 6 mau makahiki, ʻo nā wahine i ʻōpio ma mua o - i 3-4 mau makahiki. E hoʻomaka ana ka pale ʻana mai ʻApelila a Iune. Hāʻawi ʻo Bustard i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu ʻekolu mau manawa i ka makahiki.

Akā, ʻo ka pinepine o ka pili i nā poki lua ʻelua hua. Hāpai ka wahine iā lākou me ke alapine o 1-2 lā.

I ka pili ʻana, pinepine mau ʻelua hua

Aloha Rustual

Hoʻomaka i kēia mau kāne i ka wā ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka hoʻoilo. No ka hoʻouka manawaleʻa, koho lākou i kahi ākea ma kahi ākea a i ʻole ma ka puʻu.

Lele loa ka hula i ka lewa, a laila aia wale i kekahi mau kanaka. Hoʻākoakoa nā kāne o kēia mau manawa i kahi pūʻulu a hoʻomaka i kā lākou kuʻuna i kahi lōʻihi ma kahi ʻē aʻe.

I ka wā e ʻike kokoke ʻia ai nā wahine, ʻoliʻoli nui lākou i kekahi manawa ma kahi o nā hakakā.

Hana ke kāne i ka hula hula

ʻAʻole hana nā Bustards i nā pālua. Inā e hoʻohui nui aʻe, a no ka manawa pokole wale nō. ʻAʻole waiho ke kāne i ka nānā ʻole i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pāne:

I ke kiʻi ma kēia kūlana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia mau. ʻO kahi kāʻei lole hoʻolalelale "hoʻolalelale", ke huki nei ke kāne i kona poʻo i loko a hana i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa.

E hana pololei ʻo Mating ma kēia manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, hele nā ​​wahine e waiho i nā hua.

Pehea e hana ai ka ohu

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻaʻe manu manu ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻohui ka wahine i kahi lua me nā paws me ka diameter o 25-40 cm.

ʻAʻole ia e waiho i ka ʻōpala e like me ia, akāʻo nā lau a me nā kumu kanu i loaʻa i lalo o ka papa. Nui nā koho no ka waiho ʻana i ka pili:

• i ka aina poha
• ma lalo o nā lālā lāʻau
• i waena o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.

I kekahi manawa hiki i ka mea aloha ke hana i kahi pūnana ma ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina. A laila, ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā hua, e uhi maikaʻi ka masonry. He ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā nu mai ka huina he haneri a hiki paha i hoʻokahi mau mika.

ʻO ka manawa no ka masonry e hilinaʻi nui i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me ka mahana o ka ea. ʻO Bustard, e noho ana i ke kūkulu hema, e waiho i ka hua i ka hopena o ʻApelila.

Hoʻokomo nā wahine mai nā papakū e noho ana i nā wahi ʻākau ma hope, i ka lā mua o Mei. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka lohi ke hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule.

ʻOiai ua nalowale ka wahine i kāna pipi. I kēia hihia, lawe hou ʻo ia i nā hua i ka wā. Eia paha, wehewehe kēia kūlana i ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka masonry ʻona i loaʻa.

I loko o kahi pālua e nui ai nā hua he 2-3 ma ke ʻano o kahi ellipse o kaʻaila oliva a i ʻole ka kala poloa me nā komoʻuliʻeleʻele.

Kuhi ʻia kahi pua ʻala o ka ua, i ka pau ʻana o ka wā incubation e lilo ia i ʻōlelo hou ʻia.

Ma kahi o ʻehā mau pule ka lōʻihi o ka maikaʻi. Noho paʻa ka manu ma kāna mau hua. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi pōpilikia wahine ma kahi kokoke, wana ʻo ia a, ma muli o ke kala camouflage, ua nalowale ia i ka mua o ka mauʻu.

Ma muli o ke kala kala o ka plumage, kahi manu nui e lilo loa a hiki i waena o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. ʻElua mau lā i ka lā, waiho ʻia ka wahine i ka limahana no ka hānai.

ʻAi ʻia ka ʻaina awakea ma mua o 40 mau minuke. I ke kakahiaka, ua haʻalele ka manu ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai mai 8 a 12 mau hola, i ke ahiahi - mai ka 17 a i ka 21 mau hola. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mamao ma mua o ka 400 m.

Kūpono i loko o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe

Pehea e mālama ai ka wahine i nā moa

Mālama loa ka mālama pono ʻana i nā keikikāne me ka wahine, ʻaʻole pili nā kāne i ka mālama o ka mamo. Hāpai ka wahine i nā pīpī hou hou mai i ka beak, i kēia manawa neʻe liʻiliʻi lākou a pale ʻole loa.

I ka wā mua, lawe ʻo ia iā lākou i nā mea hihiu a hānai iā lākou. 3-5 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ua, hoʻomaka ka ʻoki i nā meaʻai.

Ma hope oʻelua mau pule, hiki iā lākou ke hānai iā lākou iho, ʻoiai ua hānai mau ʻia lākou. ʻO nā pīpī hoihoi hou i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e maloʻo ai i loko o ka pūnana ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o ka wahine.

ʻO ka kala downy he puʻupuʻu, me nā wahiʻeleʻele a me nā kaula. Ma hope o 4 lā, hele akula lākou kokoke. E aʻo nā keiki'ōpiopio e lele i ka makahiki o 5-6 mau pule. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka paona o ka manu ke hala i ka 2 kg.

Ka mālama pono ʻana ka wahine i kāna mau moa. Ma kahi e ʻike ai i ka hoʻoweliweli, hāʻawi ʻo ia i hōʻailona iā lākou. Ma ka pane ʻana, e hūnū nā ʻōpio i ka mauʻu, e hoʻopili ana i ka lepo a hoʻoponopono i ko lākou ʻāʻī.

Kūpono ʻia i ke kiʻi ua poni maikaʻi ʻia lākou i ke kūleʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu huaʻai. Ke ʻike nei i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka ʻenemi, ke hoʻohiki nei ka manu a maʻi iā ia e lawe aku. I ka hihia hoʻokolokolo koʻikoʻi, lele ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi.

ʻĀkōwili ʻana ʻo Bustard i kahi lau nahele

Ma ke kakahiaka mua, ua mākaukau ka ulu ʻōpio e haʻalele i ka nalo. Nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu e ʻākoakoa i nā hipa a hele i ka hele. E mau ka huakaʻi a hiki i ka puna wai hou aʻe.

ʻO ka pilina me nā kānaka

Aia ʻo Bustard ma ka Puke Hoʻolei. Ua emi ka helu o kēia mau manu ma muli o ka hopu manu ʻole a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina i kūpono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā waiwai waiwai.

I mea e pale ai i ka helu ʻana, e lawe ʻia nā hana e pale ai i nā nests, ʻohi i nā hua mai ka paʻa ʻana o ka pale ʻana a mālama iā lākou i ka incubator.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bustard no kona akahele ʻana. Ke kuʻi nei i ka pōʻino, hiki iā ia ke pani i kahi kanaka kokoke, a laila e hoʻohua i ka manu ʻeha i hōʻeha ʻia i ka nānā ʻana mai ka masonry.

He manu mālama ʻo Bustard

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Bustard ʻo ka manu lele lele nui loa. Ua kaulana ʻia ʻo ia no kona mālama ʻana. I ka wā moe, hoʻokani mele nā ​​kāne i kahi hula kūʻokoʻa.

I kēia manawa, ua kākau inoa ʻia nā ʻano holoholona ma ka Red Book, ua lawe ʻia nā hana e mālama ai i nā lehulehu.

ʻ Birdlelo manu Bustard: Noho ʻAi Kūlehu

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo Bustard me ka nui loa o nā manu lele lele e lele ana kēia mea noho i ka lepo a holo koke i ka hihia. Manaʻo ʻia nā mea kūʻokoʻa i ko lākou mea ʻai meaʻaiʻai (nā hua, nā ʻihi, ke kīlea hihiu) a me nā holoholona (nā inikini, nā rodents, nā bako), i ka manawa hālele, hana nā kāne i ke ʻano hula.

He manu Bustard: ka wehewehe ʻana ma waho

ʻO Dudak (kahi manuahi paha) i koho nui loa o nā manu ma ka manuʻo Lūkia. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kino nui e like me ka hilo i ke poʻo: ke ʻāpana ākea, kahi ʻāʻī mānoʻo. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka nui ka laulā. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea mua, hiki i ka paona o 4-8 kg a ka lōʻihi a hiki i 80 sentimita. I ka manawa like, he mau kāne maoli nā kāne. 'O ka loa o ke kino nui o ke kino e pili ana i ka mika, a ua hiki ka nui i ka 16 kilograms. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka lilo ʻana o kēia manu steppe i kahi mea lawaiʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻo nā wāwae ikaika me nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu me ka ʻole plumage - kahi lako no ka neʻe wikiwiki ma ka ʻāina. He holo kūpono ka manu a lele maikaʻi, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui nui.

ʻO ka kala o nā momi plumage

ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo koke i kēia manu. ʻAnoʻulahele nā ​​kala. Ua hūʻili ʻia ke ʻano iā ia i kahi hui nani o nā kala akamai. Hōʻā ʻia ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i nā kala hina hina, hiki i ke ʻano ke hilinaʻi i ka noho o ka lehulehu. ʻO ke koena o ka plumage mai luna mai kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a hala ke ʻano. Ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeha a me ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻē o ka manu laikini i ke ʻano like ʻole i ka kāne. A aia wale nō i ka pūnāwai ma ka ʻāʻī o ke kāne ka mea e hana like me ka kolone o kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ulaula a me nā hulu manu ulaula e hele mai ana mai ke kumu o ka beak e kū mai nei - ke noho nei lākou a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka bustard?

Ma hea e noho ai kēia nani? He manu kiʻi wāwae kēia, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi waiwai i ka mākeke, akā ʻaʻole ia he mau lāʻau nui (fescue, nā ʻōpala hulu manu), nā ʻōpala. I ka wā mua, noho ka mea aloha i kahi wahine semi-desales a me nā ʻakiʻehā, i kēia manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia kona wahi, ʻaʻole i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana i kēia mau hana e nā hana kanaka. Makemake ʻo ia e hānai i nā wahi laulā, ʻaʻole i nā mauna i nā mauna. Loaʻa iā ia nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā e noʻonoʻo ana i nā kulu hau a me ka uhi ʻana o ka hau.

Ma ka pilina me ke kanaka e hoʻomākaʻi aku i nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ka nui, ua koi ʻia ka manu manuahi e hoʻopili. I ka hopena, hiki i kēia manawa ke loaʻa i nā pā mahiʻai, nā pā nahele.

Nā kumuhana liʻiliʻi Bustard

1. ʻEulopa. Noho ʻia ma ka hapanui o ka wahi noho, ma ke kūkulu hema-komohana o Altai. He ʻokoʻa i ka kala o ke poʻo, ua ʻeleʻele loa ia i kēia subspecies, a ʻo ka kala ma ke kua, he ʻūʻele a ʻāwili, nā kiko ʻeleʻele.

2. Siberian Hikina. Ka noho mua ia waʻa ma Tuva, ʻākau-ma ka hikina hema o Altai. ʻO ke kumu ma ke kua he sharter a me nāhelehele, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāleʻele ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, i nā kāne, hoʻomohala ʻia nā pūlima hulu manu ʻaʻole na nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo wale nō, akā, ma ka ʻāʻī hoʻi.

ʻO ka wā male a me ka male hana

Loaʻa i nā wahine ma mua o ka wā kamaliʻi, e 3-4 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne nona ka makahiki 5-6. Pēlā lākou e hoʻi hou ai i ka wahi i pālahalaha i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka hiki wale ʻana o nā pihi mua. Hoʻohā pinepine kēia ma ka Malaki a i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻApelila. I ka wā mua, mālama nā manu i nā ʻohana a kali i ka maloʻo o ka honua. Ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka ka manawa o nā hana mare, ua hana lākou ma nā ʻāpana kūikawā. E mau ka pūnaewele, a hoʻi ka manu i ia makahiki. ʻAʻole hana ka manu hihiu i kahi mau lua mau.

He mea hoihoi a huanu hoʻi ka hana mare. Eia nō kekahi, noho mālie nā manu ma ke ola maʻamau. Hoʻo ka hana ikaika loa i ke kakahiaka, a hiki i ka 8 hola. Hoʻomaka nui nā kāne no ka hōʻike ʻana i mua o nā wahine. Hōʻike nō ʻo ia iā ia iho ma kahi hōʻike ikaika o ka plumage, ke kahe ana o ke ʻeke ʻo ka ʻāʻī, ʻoiai ke kuʻe nei ka hulu ma ka ʻāʻī. I ka climax, like ka manu me ka pōkole a hoʻolōʻihi i ka kani. Loaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea a nā wahine makemake. Koho ke kāne iā lākou, ma hope o ka hele ʻana o ke ʻano moe.

ʻO nā pēpē a me nā moa

ʻO ka manawa e waiho ʻia ai nā hua like he like no ia me ka holoʻokoʻa, akā hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hopena. Hana ʻia hoʻokahi masonry i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokomo ka wahine ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pili. Hana ʻo ia i ka hohonu i ka lepo me ke kōkua o nā wāwae, e huki i nā koena a pau a me nā kumu o ka mauʻu, a laila me ka neʻe o ka neʻe o ke kino e hāʻawi ai i ka lua i kahi ʻano a puni. Aia kahi pāka i hana ʻia ma kēia ala, e like me ke kānāwai, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka mauʻu a hiki ke hūnā ʻia. I ka pili ʻana, pinepine mau ʻelua mau hua, he ʻekahi hoʻi i hoʻokahi. I kā lākou ʻano, ua like lākou i nā hīnaʻi, akā i kēlā me kēia poepoe, nui a lōʻihi a hiki i 7-9 kenimika ka lōʻihi. Hiki ke hoʻololi like i ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hua manu; Kūpū ʻia nā kiko ma luna o ia mea, hiki iā lākou ke liʻiliʻi a nui a i ʻole ka lihilihi paha, ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻano a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano laha (ma ke kiʻi ma luna)

ʻAʻole komo nā Males i kekahi hatching a hānai i nā hua. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, ʻākoakoa lākou i loko o nā hui nui a hele i nā pūnaewele molting. Hoʻopau ka wahine i nā hua no 21-28 mau lā. Paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana ma ka mākeke o ka mauʻu. ʻO Bustard i loko o ka ʻanuʻu, loaʻa ke kala pale, he mea ʻole loa. No nā ʻano hua moa, hānau lākou ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka hulu. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki lākou i ke kaumaha o 2-3 kilograms a kū ma ka lehe. Eia naʻe, noho mau lākou me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka puna.

He manu kūlohe anei ka manu?

Loaʻa iā lākou a pau paha, akā ʻaʻole nui nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻouka ʻia lākou mai ka ea e nā ʻeto a ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Noho ʻo Bustard i nā kapuhipa a ʻaʻole makemake i nā mea kanu lāʻau. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi ākea loa i ka lewa. ʻO ka honua, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻōpū maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā ʻīlio hae a me nā pōpilikia, he pilikia. Hoʻāliʻi ka hoʻoweliweli ma luna o nā moa a me nā hua moa, a hoʻopau pinepine.

Nā kumu no ka pau ʻana o nā ʻano

ʻEkolu wale o lākou nei, a he pili kēia mau mea a pau i nā hana kanaka.

• Holo manu manu nui i ka makahiki 19 a me ka hapa mua o ka kenekulia 20. He nui a nui ka pākēkē a ma kekahi mau ʻāina i alakaʻi piha loa ai ʻo nā pōpoki.
• ʻO ka hoʻonui aʻe i ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina mahiʻai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ala no kā lākou hoʻoponopono ʻana. Ke hoʻomaka nei kēia āpau i ka luku ʻana i nā nests, kahi waiho hua manu.
• Hoʻohana ʻia nā noho manu no nā pono like ʻole (ka kanu ʻana i nā kāʻei nahele, kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation, nā alanui, nā laina uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā laina uila, etc.).

Ke lawe ʻia nei nā hana kūleʻa ʻaʻole wale i mālama i nā ʻano, akā e hoʻonui pū i kona helu ma Russia a me ʻEulopa hoʻi. Ke aʻo ʻia nei nā ala a me nā mea hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā manu ma ke pio ʻana. Ke hōʻiliʻili nei nā limahana o nā kikowaena kūikawā i nā hua ʻami manu ma nā wahi kahi i make mua ai lākou a make, a waiho ʻia i loko o nā incubator, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā moa ulu.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Hoʻuehu ʻia nā wahi i noho ʻia ai nā wahi hana manuahi ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mokulele o Eurasian, a ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō e noho nei ma northeast Morocco (Africa). Aia naʻe kekahi ʻōlelo, ua make ʻoi aku ko ʻAmelika poʻe. Ma Eurasia, ʻo ia ka hema o ka Iberian Peninsula, Austria, Slovakia a me Bohemia hema. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Bustard ma kokoke o Gomel, ma Chernihiv, Bryansk, Ryazan, Tula, Penza a me Samara a hiki i ka hema Bashkiria.

Noho ka mea noho ʻo Western Siberia, hiki i Barnaul a me Minusinsk, ke kūkulu hema o Eastern Sayans, ka lalo hohonu o ka Honua Angara, lalo iho nei ʻo Khankai a me ke awāwa o lalo ʻo Zeya. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, e pālahalaha ka laulā i ke Kaiʻula, nā ʻāpana o Asia Minor, nā ʻaoʻao hema o Azerbaijan a me Iran ʻĀkau. Noho nā manu ma ka hikina o ke Kai Caspian a i lalo aʻe i ka lalo o ka Urals, Irgiz, Turgay a me nā māhele hikina o Kazakhstan.

Noho ka puʻu i ka Tien Shan, a me ke kūkulu hema, ma ke komohana hema o Tajikistan, a me ke komohana, a i ka papaʻo Karatau. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Tien Shan, e uhi ana ka laulā i nā palena ʻākau o ka Gobi, ka wāwae o ke Khingan Nui ma ke komohana hema, ke kahawai o Heilongjiang lalawigan a me ka ʻaoʻao o Primorye.

Nui! ʻO ka iki ma waena o nā kahawai o ka hikina a me ke komohana o ka subspecies e holo ana ma luna o ka Altai. Pōmaikaʻi ka poʻe Turkish a me ʻEulopa i ka hoʻonā ʻana, ʻoi aku ka hikina (ʻanuʻu) e lele ana no ka hoʻoilo, ke koho ʻana iā Crimea, ke kūkulu hema o Central Asia a me ka Caspian, a me ke ʻākau-hikina a Kina.

ʻO ka Ornithologists e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi kamaʻilio ecological kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano, pili ʻia i kona hoʻohele nui ʻana. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e aʻo mai nā ʻōpio i ke ola a hana hou i nā ʻano ʻāina i hoʻololi ʻia e nā kānaka a kokoke hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kumu o ka Dudak ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā wahi ʻākau ʻākau. ^ E Ha yM. Makemake nā kūpale i kēia mau lā i kahi grassy kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka hapanui hulu manu) nā ʻūhā. Noho pinepine pinepine lākou i ka ʻāina ma nā wahi mahele, nā wahi puʻupuʻu (me ka nui o nā mea kanu ʻole), ke pale ʻana i nā kaʻi, nā puʻu, nā puʻu a me nā wahi paʻa. Nā ʻanakala ʻo Bustards, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka papu, i kēlā me kēia manawa e noho ai i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.

ʻAiʻai ʻʻai

He manuʻai nui ka momona o ka manu, kahi i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, ʻo ka māhele e pili ai i ka ʻikepili a me ka wahine o ka bustard, ka wahi o kona nohona a me ka loaʻa o kā kekahi kīhāpai.

ʻAle a ʻoluʻolu nā ʻōpio i nā lau, nā ʻōpala, nā lau a me nā hua o nā mea kanu like ʻole / ulu ʻole e like me:

• dandelion, cirsium mahina, kahu ʻai kao, māla pua lui, common tansy, culbaba,
• Meadow clover and creeping clover, sainfoin, leaf beans, alfalfa (lulu),
• ka lūlū ʻana me ka lihi lau
• keiki a me fescue,
• nā mea kanu.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, huli ia i nā aʻa o nā lau - he ʻōhala umbrella, ʻōpala huʻu e ʻānai ana a me nā ʻoliki.

He hoihoi kēia! Me kahi hemahema o nā mea kanu maʻamau, huli ka ʻūlū i ka meaʻai ikaika, no ka laʻana, nā ʻoki pua. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā palahō i ka make o nā manu ma muli o ke kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hānai holoholona e like me kēia:

• nā ʻōpio, ka ʻūhini, ka ʻūhā, ka ʻikiki a me nā hua ʻōnaehana.
• ʻōhumu / pōpoki o nā pōpoki lepo, karnivores, Colorado beetles, black beetles, leaf beetles and weevils,
• nā anuhe i nā mea paneʻe a me nā ʻōkuhi (paʻakikī),
• ʻawaʻawa, ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōwili,
• ʻO ka palaki, ka baki, nā moa o ke kula, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻomake ana ma ka lepo,
• mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi
• mauʻu / pupae o ka genus formica (no ka hānai pipi i nā pua).

ʻAʻole hiki i nā Bustards ke hana me ka wai ʻole: i ke kauwela lele lākou e lele ai i kahi wai, i ka hoʻoilo he mauʻuʻō lākou me ka hau.

Pahu a keiki

E hoʻi hou ana nā ʻōhua hele i ka ʻāina i kā lākou ʻāina me ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻula, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kahe koke i ka wā i he ai ka wāwae. Pāʻani lākou lākou i nā pūʻulu (me ka hakakā ʻole) a koho liʻiliʻi kekahi, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana wehe no ka manawa o kahi āu e ʻike ai i kēia ʻāina.

ʻO kahi helu kāne hoʻokahi a hiki i 50 m ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaopopo ka manawa i ka lā a puka mai ka lā, akā hele kekahi i mua o ka lā a i ka lā. ʻO ke ākea o kēia manawa e hohola ana i kona mau eheu, hoʻoʻauheʻe i kona ʻāʻī, hoʻolohe i kona ʻeha, hoʻoheʻe i kona ʻili a ʻō aku i kona poʻo i kona kua. ʻO ke kāne aloha i ka leʻaleʻa e like me ke ao keʻokeʻo, e lawe ana i kāna "manu" nānā ma hope o 10-15 kekona.

He hoihoi kēia! ʻO nā wahine e hele mai ana i hiki mai i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lākou e kau mau i nā pūlima mau. Ma nā kīleʻa, ua ʻike ʻia nā polyandry a me polygyny, i ka manawa a "nā mākau" a me nā hoa wahine "wahine" me nā hoa like ʻole.

E pili ana i ka hānai i ka mua o Mei, e kīloi ana i nā ʻuhane ma kahi ākea. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka huaʻala o ka hua hipa (2–4), me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻōpala, ua hoʻākoakoa nā kūpuna ma nā hipa a ua lele i nā wahi o ka hoʻoheheʻe mua.

Hoʻokomo nā huahe ma Mei - Iune, ma hope o ʻekolu a he mau hebedoma incubation. ^ E Ha yM. ʻEkolo koke ʻo Pukhovichki i waho o ka pūnana, ʻaʻole naʻe lākou i waiho: ma aneʻi ko lākou makuahine e hānai iā lākou. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi i ka ʻai ma kā lākou ponoʻī i ʻelima mau lā, me ka ʻole o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻaiʻai makua no kekahi 2-3 mau pule. Holo piha ʻia ka ulu ʻōpio a kū ma luna o ka ʻēheu e pili ana i 1 mahina, me ka haʻalele ʻole i kona makuahine a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana, a pinepine a hiki i ka wai. Hōʻea ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo / hoʻohālikelike hope loa i nā pōpoki ma mua o 4 mau makahiki i ka ʻanuʻu me ka hānai, aia ma nā wahine i ka makahiki 2-4 he mau makahiki, a me nā kāne ma 5-6 mau makahiki.

Pehea ke mele ai o ka manu bustard (wikiō)

Mai ke kanaka mai i kahi pōpilikia nui. ʻO ia nāna ka mea i hoʻopau i kēia ʻano. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui:

1. Ka hana a nā wahi e kūkulu ai nā manu i nā ʻuʻuku a hānai i nā ʻano pono āpau (alanui, nā puʻu wai ʻana, nā kaha mana, a pēlā aku).
2. Hoʻonui i ka'āina i noho ʻia e ka mahiʻai.
3. ʻO nā pipi a me nā hua manu a luku ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i nā mahina.
4. ʻAi hele.

ʻO ka poʻe Ornithologists a me nā zoodefenders e mālama i nā hana he nui e hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o kēia mau manu nani.

Nā kumuhana leka uila kaulana

• ʻO Datura (kanu) kanu ʻo Datura i ka mea kanu i ka ʻohana nighthade. No laila, he mau hoahānau a me nā ʻamato he mau hoahānau pili ʻole iā ia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAsia kahi i hānau ʻia ai kēia pua, akā no ka mea hiki ʻole ke loaʻa iā ia ma nā konika ʻokoʻa.
• Hoʻomau ka poʻe kani Crusades keiki mai ka hopena o ka 11 a hiki i ka 12 makahiki. No kēia manawa lōʻihi, hele nā ​​ʻumi tausani o nā kānaka i ka ʻāina ʻo Palestine: nā kuli, nā mea hilinaʻi a me nā māka. ʻO ka pahuhopu kekahi - e hoʻokuʻu iā Ierusalema mai nā lima o nā Mahometa.
• ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo Elk i loko o kahi mākele kamaʻāina ʻIke e pili ana i kekahi o nā wahi ākea kaulana o ka Lūkia i ola a hiki i ko mākou manawa mai ka manawa o Ivan the Terrible. Noho ʻo ka ʻĀkau i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ma kahi kokoke i ke kapikala o kēia ʻāina a me kekahi wahi o Moscow, ua makemake nui ʻia ʻo Elk Park

He manu hoihoi a Dudak

ʻO ka hope o Kepakemapa 1940. Ua kū a ʻōhoʻe ka lā i ka palu. Eʻai maʻalahi. Ke kū nei wau ma ka lānai o ka hale, ke haʻi nei koʻu makuakāne ma ka ʻīpuka me kahi hoalauna e like me ka ʻono nui i kahi mea hihiu aloha e like me ia.

20 km i ke komohana, ma hope o kahi lāʻau paʻa, me ka pale o kahi hapalua i hoʻolei ʻia ma luna, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ukraine.

Ma kēia wahi o ka pae uaki i noho ʻole ʻia nei he nui a me ke ʻano o ka pāʻani, ʻo ka ʻenemi wale nō ia o nā mea holo kime, akā he 15-20 o lākou a pau ma ka kikowaena waena.

ʻO wau a me koʻu makuakāne pinepine i ka hahai manu, akā i ka manawa mua ʻaʻole wau me ka pū. A laila, me ka liʻiliʻi o kaʻu mea, ua hāʻawi mai ʻo ia iaʻu i hoʻokahi pahu laahi 24-caliber Izhevka.

Ma muli o ka mālie piha loa, a i ʻole hoʻi ʻole ka leʻaleʻa i ka waiwai ʻoi aku ka mea like, ʻo ka poʻe hahai āpau aʻu i ʻike ai he makemake nui ʻia, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, he moeʻuhane, e hopu a loaʻa, ʻaʻole i ka elephant a i ʻole ka polar bear, akā kahi noho, ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ma kahi paʻa. Akā, ʻaʻole nui he nui i ʻōlelo e ʻike i kēia manu, a loaʻa wale kekahi mea nui e haʻaheo i loaʻa iā lākou. Ua noʻonoʻo iki ka poʻe hopu heu no ke aha ka ʻinane kahi noho, ʻaʻole i lohe au i kekahi mau kūkākūkā e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.

I ka hānai ʻana i nā pua a me kahi pāʻina, ma ka papa ʻaina, ua kamaʻilio pinepine lākou no dudak.

ʻAʻole kēlā i kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia. Hoʻomanaʻo lākou he manu keu nui kēia, e hiki ana i ke paona o 20 kg, noho i loko o nā ʻohana, ua hālāwai ʻo ia i nā ʻohana o 40-50 mau manu, ʻoi loa ia, kiaʻi nui loa, ʻike ʻia ka ʻenemi i kahi mamao loa a makemake paha e haʻalele i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, paʻa ka mālama i ka wā e hānai ana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka pipi a kūlohelohe hoʻi i kahi holoholona, ​​e alakaʻi ana i ke ala o ke ola, a holo wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kekahi lio, lele, akā he mālie a paʻakikī, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lele i kahi lōʻihi, nā mana kupaianaha, hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi ʻaʻa iā ia like me ka nuku, a me nā wāwae ikaika, pela e kauoha ana nā palapū mea nui i kekahi mau strikers hiki e make.

ʻIa paha me ka ikaika o ia, ka hiki ke lele a holo wikiwiki, ʻo ka Dudak iho ʻole i makaʻu aku i kekahi, akā huli ka mea he nui nāwaliwali ʻo ia. No laila, ʻaʻole palu ka hulu like me ka pato a i ʻole ka palē, no laila ua ikaika a paʻakikī i ka wā maloʻo a hoʻomehana, a i ka palupalu, a me ka maloʻo, palu me ka nui, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo i ka ua, hina ka hulu, hāʻule i lalo, a pau loa ka hana. e lele.

KE KOMOHANO O KE KINO

ʻAʻole maopopo nā kumu no ka lele ʻana i ka hoʻoilo anuanu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe palona o ka pulu manu (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manu he ʻōlima lā, he mea huna ia i kahi mea ʻoniʻoni ia e ʻuluʻulu ʻia ai nā hulu), ʻo ia hoʻi, maloʻo ko lākou mau hulu. He pōʻino loa kēia i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a i ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻohoka hū ʻole nā ​​ʻēheu a hoʻomake ʻole ʻia ka manu. I kēlā mau manawa pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka ʻūʻī me kou mau lima hānai ...

Ua makemake ka Pelekania i kā mākou mau ʻōpū. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka manu i kona noho mua ma Scotland. No kēia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kālā Big Bustard. Mai ka māhele ʻo Saratov, ua lawe ʻia nā hua he nui o nā polū. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi kahua kaua kula no ka manu (ua hoʻohiki ka pūʻali koa e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻōlelo aʻo me ka wā o ka wā a me nā nīnūnū hiʻona), a ua hoʻohiki ka poʻe mahiʻai e kanu i nā ʻāpana o nā māla me nā mauʻu heʻe a me nā mauʻu.

ʻEmonlelo Hoʻolaha

• Loaʻa i nā mulona ʻo Kanaleka ʻoi aku i ka wā ʻelima mau makahiki he ʻelima mau makahiki, nā wāhine ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻi nā mumū i ka kahua like ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia i ka waena o Malaki paha a o ʻApelila mua paha.
• Hana ʻia nā hana kaʻaina ma nā koʻokoʻo, kahi e hoʻomaka ai nā kāne o ke kakahiaka e hōʻike i ko lākou nani i mua o nā kāne, hui pū ʻia me kēia mau ʻakaʻaka. A laila koho ke kāne i ka wahine, a kūlohelohe nā kāne.
• E kali nā manu a kūlohelohe ka ʻili o ka honua, a ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka koke e kūkulu i nā nests.

Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻili

• ʻAʻole komo ʻo Males i ka hāhā ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā kao; pili ka wahine ma kēia mau mea a pau. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, ʻākoakoa nā kāne i loko o nā pūʻulu nui a hele i nā wahi hoʻoomili hou.
• Ka hana ʻana a me ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pili i ka wahine. Me ke kōkua o nā wāwae ikaika, ʻeli ʻo ia i ka lua i ka ʻāina, e waiho ana i nā lau maloʻo me ka mauʻu ma lalo. Ma hope mai, ulu ka nāhelehele a puni ka ʻohana, ka mea e lilo ai i ke ʻano maikaʻi no nā pīpī e hiki mai ana.
• Hana ʻia hoʻokahi kūleʻa i hoʻokahi manawa, ma ʻelua mau hua a ʻeha loa. ʻO nā hua like i ko lākou ʻano like me nā lua, akā heʻuʻuku nui, nui ka nui, mai 7 a 9 cm ka lōʻihi.
• Hiki i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke ʻano o nā hua manu ʻokoʻa, ke ʻano ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula i ka ʻoliva. Loaʻa i nā hua a me nā ʻāpana o nā kalaʻeleʻele.
• I loko o ʻekolu a hiki i ʻehā pule, ua honi ka wahine i nā hua, ma hope o kēia manawa hatch poni manu.
• I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, kaupaona nā pēpē i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kilokilo a kūpaʻa lākou i luna o ka ʻēheu. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, noho mau nā moa me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa a hiki i ka pūnāwai.

... HOOPAU KAPAKAKA

Noho maikaʻi nā wahine i ka nahele, koho a loiloi. Loaʻa koke nā makika maikaʻi loa i nā hoaaloha, kekahi manawa ma mua o hoʻokahi. Hiki pū ka wahine i nā kāne kāne. A laila, e like me nā manu polygamous (ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā holoholona polygamous mau pālua, ʻo kā lākou mau kāne he "harems" o kekahi mau wahine), hoʻomaka nā mālama pā. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā Males i ka hopena o ka hua. ʻAʻole liuliu ma hope o nā pāʻani hoʻouluulu ʻana, ʻohi lākou i nā hipa a lele i ka milo. Hoʻokumu wale nā ​​wahine i nā ʻuʻu ma ka ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kā lākou mau talena kūkulu kūikawā: e kāʻei lākou i kahi ʻili o ka mauʻu, ʻeli ka lua i loko o kā lākou mau wāwae, ka hipa iā lākou me ka neʻe o ka iwi - a ʻo ia nō.