Velociraptor (Lat. Velociraptor, mai Lat. Velox - wikiwiki a hoʻolimalima - hunter) - he ʻanoʻano o ka dinosaur bipedal predatory mai ka ʻohana dromaeosaurid. Nā mea i ʻike ʻia Velociraptor mongoliensis. ^ E Ha yM. Ua ola ʻo ia i ka hopena o ka Cretaceous manawa 83-70 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Loaʻa kona mau koena i ka Repubalika o Mongolia a me Chinese Inner Mongolia. He mea liʻiliʻi kekahi mau hui ʻē aʻe o kāna ʻohana - deinonychus a achillobator - a loaʻa iā ia kahi mau o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical progressive.
He hale ʻai liʻiliʻi ʻo Velociraptor, a hiki i ka 1,8 m ka lōʻihi, 60-70 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 20 kg. He elongated a he ʻūhā ke piʻi i luna a he 25 cm lōʻihi a ma nā ʻū poʻokela o luna a me lalo, 26-28 mau niho ma ka wā kihi a kūlou i hope e hopu a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiwai.
| Ke poʻo inoa | Kākau | Kāhea | Hoʻokomo ʻia | Kelolihi |
| Velociraptor | ʻ .lelo ʻona | Nā Dinosaurs | Pāhewa-pelvic | Nā kāmaʻa pili |
| Nā ʻohana | Kūpono / lōʻihi | Ke kaumaha | Kona i noho ai | I kona noho ana |
| ʻO nā Dromaeosaurids | 60-70 cm / 1,8 m | a hiki i 20 kg | Mongolia, Inner Mongolia (Kina) | Ka wā kau (83-70 miliona mau makahiki aku nei) |
E like me ka hapa nui ʻO nā huaʻehā, ʻEhā nā manamana lima o ka Velociraptor ma kona mau wāwae haki, kahi i lalo ʻole ai ua lima a ʻaʻole i hele ma ka hele ʻana, a (e like me nā theropods) kuʻi i nā manamana lima ʻekolu. ʻO Dromaeosaurids, e komo pū ana iā Velociraptor, ʻelua wale nō: ʻo ke kolu a me ka ʻehā.
I ka lua aia kahi pua nui a koʻikoʻi i ulu e 67 mm ka lōʻihi (ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho). Ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua ko lākou mea kaua nui no ka pepehi ʻana a me ka ʻeha ʻana i nā mea hōʻeha. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻoia ʻia ma hope, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ka Velociraptor i kēia mau leaka e like me nā pelala (mai ka wā i puni ai ke aniani o ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻi i haki ʻia ka pihi ʻoi loa i ka ʻili o ka holoholona, akā ua ʻā wale ʻia ia), ka mea pinepine paha, e lawelawe ana lākou me ka maka a ka mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka luna. hoʻopipi ka mea i kāna ʻōpala, a laila e ʻoki ana i kāna trachea a i ʻole ka lāʻau cervical.
ʻO nā kahakaha o nā Velociraptor ʻekolu mau manamana lima. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea pōkole loa, a ʻo ka lua ka i lōʻihi.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o Velociraptor ka mea i hōʻemi ʻia e nā iwi ulu o ka vertebrae i ko lākou ʻaoʻao ma luna a me nā tendons ossified i lalo. Holo ʻia nā pūhaka o nā pū mai ka 4-10 vertebrae, ka mea i hāʻawi i ke kūleʻa i nā kakaka, ʻoiai inā ka holo ʻana o ka wikiwiki.
Ua loaʻa mua nā koena (ʻōpala a me nā manamana o nā limu ʻeha o ka Velociraptor i ka makahiki 1922 ma ka ʻāpana o Kauaʻi ʻo Gobi e kahi mea hoʻomake o ka US Museum of Natural History. Ma 1924, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka hale mōʻī, ʻo Henry Osborne, i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēia mau ʻike i loko o kahi ʻatikala kaulana a kapa ʻia ka holoholona i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Ovoraptor djadochtari, ma hope e hoʻololi i kona inoa iā Velociraptor mongoliensis.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻōpala
I ka makahiki 1971, ua loaʻa nā koena o kahi Velociraptor a me Protoceratops, ka mea i make i ka palū ʻia a ua kanu ʻia ma ke one. Ua ʻae lākou iā mākou e hana hou i nā ʻano nui o ka hoʻolālā hopu huluhulu Velociraptor. ʻIke ʻia nā mana o kona mau wāwae i ka ʻāʻī o nā protoceratops e wehewehe paha i ke alo o ka Velociraptor i nā hōʻea cervical, veins a me ka trachea o ka mea kōkua me kā lākou kōkua, ʻaʻole i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū me nā kino koʻikoʻi, e like me ka manaʻo mua.
Loaʻa i nā mea i loaʻa ʻo Velociraptor kekahi kanaka hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka mea hoʻi i ʻimi ʻia i loko o nā pā, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia. Kuhi kokoke i nā poʻe Velociraptors - Deinonychus - i ʻimi hū ʻia i nā ʻeke, ʻoiai e loaʻa pinepine ai nā hui o nā mea ʻili o kā lākou mau kānaka.
Hoʻopiʻi a me ka mahana
ʻO ka manaʻo o Velociraptor ma mua a ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka plumage
I ka hoʻopili ʻia o Dromaeosaurids me nā manu manu, ka mea i like me ka poʻe o nā lālā mua o kēia ʻohana me ka plumage holomua. ʻO nā dromaeosaurids awal mua, ʻo Microraptor a me Sinornithosaurus, ua loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona avian ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānauʻo Velociraptor, i noho i kahi mau miliona miliona ma hope aʻe. ʻAʻohe i loaʻa nā Velociraptors i nā manamana lima palupalu, ʻaʻole i ʻae iā mākou e hoʻoholo inā he plumage lākou.
Ma 2007, ua hōʻike kekahi mau paleontologists i ka ʻike i ka hoʻonaʻauao o Velociraptor (IGM 100/981) o nā puna kūmū ma ka iwi ulnar - nā wahi pili i nā hulu huluhulu, nā ʻano maʻamau o nā manu hou. Wahi a nā paleontologists, hōʻike kēia ʻike i ka plumage ua loaʻa i nā velociraptors.
ʻO ka pilina plumage a me ka evolutionary o nā velociraptors i nā manu i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona:
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona avian (a me ka plumage) i nānā ʻia i ka dromaeosaurids i hoʻoilina ʻia i kahi kūpuna maʻamau - kekahi o nā pūʻulu o ka coelurosaurs (kahi maʻamau i ʻae ʻia).
ʻO Dromaeosaurids, e komo pū ai me nā velociraptors, nā manu prima manuahi, a ʻo ka lua ʻelua e nalowale i ko lākou hiki ke lele (e like me kahi ostrich). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā paleontologists e hōʻole i kēia kiʻi. ʻO kāna mea kākoʻo kaulana ʻo ia ka American paleontologist ʻO Gregory Paul.
ʻO ka plumage o nā Velociraptors ke ʻano o kā lākou mahanahana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona hemo i ka ikaika ke hoʻomehana i ka thermal, pono lākou e kiʻi i ka wela mai ke kaiapuni, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka iwi o ka dromaeosaurids ma mua o nā manu a me nā mammals hou, e hōʻike ana i ka metabolism hoʻolohi.
Naohuea
Ua loaʻa ka kaulana o Velociraptor ma hope o ke kiʻi "Jurassic Park" (1993), i paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka pūpū o ka inoa like ma Michael Crichton (1990).
Ma nā hana ʻelua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka holoholona ma ka hana hou ʻana o kekahi dromaeosaurid, ka deinonychus, ma muli o ke ʻano o kā Michael Crichton i hahai i ka ʻōnaehana Gregory Paul, kahi i kau ai ka deinonychus i loko o ka huaʻōlelo Velociraptors ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo V. antirrhopus.
I loko o ka moʻolelo, hana a Crichton i kahi mālama: "... Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Deinonychus i kēia manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā Velociraptors" (ʻaʻohe mea i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni). ʻO nā hana hoʻoweliweli ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka moʻolelo e lawe ana ma Montana, kahi i lawe ai ka deinonychus, a ʻaʻole ka Velociraptor.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kamepiula i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni he ʻelua iʻoi aku ka nui ma V. mongoliensis, a ua like like me ka nui o ka deinonychus. I loko o kēia puke, ua wehewehe ʻia ka velociraptor he mea hoʻopuka nui loa, ka hopu ʻana i nā pūʻulu koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea naʻauao naʻauao a me ka dinosaur, a ma ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻoi pinepine ai ke hoʻouka i ka poʻe.
Hōʻike pū ʻia nā Velociraptors me nā hulu ʻole i kēia kiʻi.
Velociraptor
Velociraptor - "Mālama wikiwiki"
Ka manawa paʻa: ʻO ka wā Cretaceous - kahi ma 83-70 miliona mau makahiki i hala
Kaulana: Pāhewa-pelvic
Kiʻi papa: Nā kāmaʻa pili
Nā hiʻohiʻona theropod maʻamau:
- hele i nā wāwae hind ikaika
- ʻai ʻiʻo
- He waha e paʻa ana i nā niho heʻe he nui
Nā ʻāpana:
lōʻihi 1,8 m
kiʻekiʻe 0.6 m
kaupaona 20 kg.
ʻAno Hoʻohui: ʻO ʻAraso kekahi mau dinosaur
Kihi: 1922, Mongolia
ʻO Velociraptor kahi mea liʻiliʻi e kau nei i ka manawa Cretaceous. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā mahalo mahalo nui i ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Jurassic Park". ʻO nā Velociraptors kahi i kapa ʻia nā dinosaur predatory, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka wehewehe ʻana deinonychus. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻoiaiʻo ia ka "propiarized" velociraptor. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Velociraptor ma mua o Deinonychus, akā naʻeʻaʻole i emi iki ka wikiwiki, wikiwiki a koko.
He ʻōwili ʻōwili
Poʻo:
Pahuehu a ʻōliki a ʻōwili a ke kuʻe o ka Velociraptor, he 25 cm ka lōʻihi o kahi anana .. He ʻelima mau niho koʻikoʻi e kū ana i loko o ka waha a hoʻonohonoho i kekahi mau lālani. Hōʻalo ka puka ʻana i nā puka i loko o ka ʻūhā o ka dinosaur, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki o ka Velocentric. ʻO ka ʻākuhi o kahi wikiwiki, no kahi dinosaur, nui. ʻO kēia paha, ʻo Velociraptor, paha kekahi o nā papa hana akamai ʻoi loa.
He kino kino Velociraptor:
He olakino lōʻihi nā manawa o ka Velociraptor, kahi e hiki ai i ka dinosaur ke hoʻomau i ka wikiwiki kūpono. Ma kēlā me kēia wāwae wāwae i kahi kahele e pili ana i ka lua, ke hōʻili ʻia nei e ka Velociraptor nā hōʻeha kino i hōʻeha ʻia i kāna mea hānai. E like me nā allropod, ʻehā mau wāwae wāwae o ka velociraptor ma nā wāwae ʻehā, kahi i kahakaha ʻole ʻia kekahi o ka hele. Ua hele maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā mea mua. ʻEkolu mau manamana lima ma kēlā me kēia pā Velociraptor. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea pōkole loa, a ʻo ka lua ka mea lōʻihi. Mālama lākou ka poʻe dinosaur i kāna mea pio. ʻO ka lūlū lōʻihi e kaupaona i mua o ke kino a kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka pehu holociraptor:
I kēia lā, ke kūkākūkā nui e pili ana i ka Velociraptor pehea kona ʻano. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia dinosaur me ka ʻili reptile ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā i kēia mau manawa i loko nō ia i ka huluhulu e hoʻohālike ia me nā hulu hulu melemele, manuahi a me ka ʻulaʻula.
I ka paleontology o kēia wā, ʻo ka hypothesis o ka pilina o ka dromaeosaurids, ka mea e pili ana i ka velociraptor, a me nā manu.
I ka makahiki 2007, ua hōʻike kekahi mau paleontologists i ka ʻike i ka specimen o Velociraptor o nā puna ʻōpala ma ka iwi ulnar, ua unuhi ʻia e pili ana i nā wahi hoʻopili o nā hulu manu lele. Loaʻa i nā manu o kēia mau lā nā ʻano puna wai like ʻole. Wahi a nā paleontologists, hiki i kēia loiloi ke hōʻoia iā mākou e hopena i ka plumage ka velociraptor.
ʻO ka hele ʻana aku o nā hulu ma ka Velociraptor a me kahi kokoke i nā manu e hiki ke loaʻa i nā wehewehe ʻelua e pili ana i ka ʻōiwi.
1. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona avian maʻamau (me ka plumage) i ʻike ʻia i ka dromaeosaurids e hūnā mai i ka hoʻoilina mai kekahi kūpuna maʻamau. Wahi a kēia hypothesis, lawe mai nā dromaeosaurids a me nā manu mai kekahi o nā pūʻulu o nā coelurosaurs. Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻia kēia wehewehe ʻana.
2. ʻO Dromaeosaurids, me ka velociraptor, nā manu primitive i nalowale i ka hiki ke lele. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi velociraptor ke lele, e like me ka ostrich. ʻAʻole kaulana kēia hypothesis i waena o ka poʻe paleontologists.
OhʻEhā kahaha hou:
Ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua mua o ka Velociraptor, ua manaʻo ʻia ua lohi nā dinosaurs a ʻaʻole ʻano akamai loa. Eia naʻe, ua hānau ka velociraptor. Mai kahi hoʻomoʻi, hele koke ʻo ia i ka mea ʻake. ʻO ka holoholona i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka Velociraptor ʻaʻole aneane loaʻa kahi ola. ʻO ka ʻili ʻana i ka mea i ʻai ʻia, ua lele ke velociraptor i kona kua a me ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻopili i kona mau ʻāʻī i loko o ka ʻāʻī, i ʻole e ʻāʻū a i ʻole paha i nā ʻōpū o ke koko. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i nā hōʻeha kino me kāna mau leaka, ke ʻāwili ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. Ua kōkua ka huelo lōʻihi e mālama pono.
Aia kekahi ʻāpana e loaʻa i nā velociraptors, e like me kā lākou mau kamana deinonychus, i ʻimi ʻia i nā hui. Akā ʻaʻole e like me lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hale pālahalaha o nā velociraptors. No laila, e ʻōlelo ʻo ua alualu nei ʻo Velociraptors i nā kāpena.
Hōʻiholo
| ʻO Velociraptor a me nā protoceratops kekahi o nā hihia maʻamau o ka "hunter a me ka mea pio" ma waena o nā dinosaur. I ka makahiki 1971, ʻaʻohe o ka poʻe paleontologists e hana nei ma ka Desie Gobi. Ua loaʻa lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻelua mau dinosaurs - he velociraptor a me kahi protoceratops - kahi mea kahakaha a me kāna mea pio, e moe ana me kekahi. |
