ʻO ka ʻōpala Bolivian (lat.Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, mua o Paplilochromis altispinosus) he liʻiliʻi, nani a maluhia cichlid. ʻOi pinepine ʻia kekahi apistogram Bolivian (ʻoi hewa kekahi) a he cichlid dwarf paha, no kona ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 9 cm ka loa).
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā pōpoki Bolivian i mea maʻalahi, kūpono ia no nā pā wai maʻamau. 'O kekahi mau kumu'ē aʻe iā ia ma mua o kona kaikuahine - he apistogram o ka ramirezi, akā no nā mea o nā cichlids,' aʻole nō ka huhū ma nā mea āpau. He mea weliweli loa ʻo ia ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka naʻauao, hoʻomaopopo i ka mea nona ka ʻona a noi aku i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa e hele ai ʻoe i ka aquarium.
E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka microgeophagus Bolivian i koho mua ʻia e Haseman ma 1911. I kēia manawa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, ʻoiai ma mua ia i kapa ʻia ʻo Paplilochromis altispinosus (1977) a me Crenicara altispinosa (1911).
He poʻo pōpō Bolivian i hoʻolaʻa ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hema: Bolivia a me Pasila. Ua loaʻa ka iʻa mua i loko o nā hale noho kū o Bolivia, kahi i puka mai ai ka inoa.
ʻIke ʻia lākou ma Rio Mamor, kokoke i ka ʻohi ʻana o ka muliwai ma Rio Guapor, ma ka waha o ka muliwai Igarape a me nā kahe ʻana o ka Todos Santos. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā wahi me ka manawa nawaliwali, ma laila he nui o nā mea kanu, nā lālā a me nā ʻeke, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka pulu lau.
Mālama ʻo ia i ka papa waena a me lalo, kahi e ʻeli ai i ka lepo, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pepeke. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā ʻaoʻao waena a i kekahi manawa mai ka papa.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO nā ʻuʻuku ʻo Chromis he iʻa liʻiliʻi me kahi kino elongated o ke ʻano elval a me nā pua ʻono. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā fins ma mua o nā wahine.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, ulu a hiki i 9 cm, ʻo nā wahine paha e pili ana i 6 cm.
Aʻikepili i ka ʻike
Maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i loko o kahi kīwaha laulā, inā ʻaʻole he ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i nā cichlids. Nani loa lākou i loko ʻole, a ʻo ka mālama maʻamau i ka ʻikepili he lawa no lākou.
ʻAi hoʻi lākou i nā ʻano hānai a me nā mea nui loa - a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā cichlids ʻē aʻe, kahi hoʻokipa maikaʻi loa lākou a mai hōʻino i nā mea kanu.
Hānai
Ko ka pōpō Bolivian he koʻo ʻalā mea nui, ma ka helehelena e hānai ai i ka detritus, nā huaʻala, nā pepeke, ka caviar a me ka pā. Hiki i ka aquarium ke ʻai i nā meaʻai maoli a me nā meaʻai ola.
ʻO Artemia, mea hana-paipa, corvette, pili koko - he ʻuʻuku e ʻai i nā mea āpau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hānai i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā, i nā wahi liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole ʻemona nā Apistograms a me ka wikiwiki, a hiki i ke koena o ka hānai mau ke nalowale loa ma ka haʻalulu inā he overfed.
Ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 80 lita. E makemake i ka wai me ka kaila liʻiliʻi, a me ka kānana maikaʻi.
Manaʻo ʻia e mālama i nā pōpolipola Bolivian i loko o ka mea aku me nā pākiʻi paʻa a me ka pH 6.0-7.4, paʻakikī 6-14 dGH a me ka mahana 23-26C.
ʻO nā haʻahaʻa ammonia haʻahaʻa ma ka wai a me nā haʻahaʻa oxygen kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hōʻoia e loaʻa iā lākou ka kala kiʻekiʻe.
E like me ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one, kahi nā mea miclogeophaguses e ʻohi ai.
He mea nui e hoʻolako i kahi nui o nā pale i ka nui, e like me ka hiʻona o ka iʻa. Hiki iā ia ke like me nā niu, nā pā, nā puʻu, a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
Pēlā lākou i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia e ka māla ʻana e kolo ana ma ka wai o ka wai.
Hoʻolaha Aquarium
He kūpono kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i loko o kahi pākana maʻamau, a me nā cichlids dwarf a me nā iʻa ʻano maluhia.
Ke kuʻi iki aku nei lākou i ka pipiʻi o ka ramirezi apistograms, akā no naʻe ke maluhia mau. Akā e poina wale ka mea, ʻoiai, he liʻiliʻi, akā he cichlid.
E huki ʻo ia i ka pīkī, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ke koena, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona ʻano. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā iʻa like like, nā ʻano gourami, viviparous, mau lāʻau.
E aho i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kāne a i hoʻokahi wale nō, inā ʻelua mau kāne i ka ʻolima, no laila pono ʻoe i kahi nui o ka puʻuwai a me kahi kaʻawale. Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā mea.
He paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha ke kaʻina hana hana. E like me ke kānāwai, ua kūʻai mua ʻia kekahi mau iʻa ʻōpio, a ma hope e pae pono iā lākou iho. Ua kiola ʻia ka iʻa i koe.
KOMONO KAIKAIMA AQUARIUM
Ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 80 lita. E makemake i ka wai me ka kaila liʻiliʻi, a me ka kānana maikaʻi. Manaʻo ʻia e mālama i nā pōpolipola Bolivian i loko o ka mea aku me nā pākiʻi paʻa a me ka pH 6.0-7.4, paʻakikī 6-14 dGH a me ka mahana 23-26C. ʻO nā haʻahaʻa ammonia haʻahaʻa ma ka wai a me nā haʻahaʻa oxygen kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hōʻoia e loaʻa iā lākou ka kala kiʻekiʻe.
E like me ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one, kahi nā mea miclogeophaguses e ʻohi ai. He mea nui e hoʻolako i kahi nui o nā pale i ka nui, e like me ka hiʻona o ka iʻa. Hiki iā ia ke like me nā niu, nā pā, nā puʻu, a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
Pēlā lākou i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia i hoʻomālamalama ʻia, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia e ka māla ʻana e kolo ana ma ka wai o ka wai.
ʻAno hānau
Ke kūlohelohe nei, ulana nā chromis butterfly i kahi kapa ikaika e hoʻolōʻihi ana i nā hua 200. A ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hoa ma ka aquarium;
Koho nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi, a kūʻai aku a lawe ʻole i ka iʻa i koe i nā mea ʻokiʻoki.
Hoʻomaʻo pinepine nā kumulāʻau Bolivian i loko o kahi konikini maʻamau, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻai nā hoalauna e ʻai i nā hua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu iā lākou ma kahi māla manawaleʻa.
Kau lākou i ka hua ma kahi pōhaku maʻa a i ʻole lau ākea o ka mea kanu, ma ke mahana o 25 - 28 ° C, ʻaʻole ka mālamalama kukui. Mālama ka launa i ka manawa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi i koho ʻia no ka spawning, a he mea paʻakikī paha kēia mau hoʻomākaukau ʻana.
Hoʻokele pinepine ka wahine i ka ʻili, e waiho ana i nā hua pipi, a hoʻomāne koke ke kāne iā lākou. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka helu ka 75-100 hua manu, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe lākou.
ʻOiai e hoʻopili ka wahine i kāna mau hua me nā fins, ke kiaʻi ke kāne i ka pipi. Kōkua ʻo ia i ka mālama wahine i ka hua, akā hana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o nā hana.
I loko o 60 mau hola, e hua ka hua. Hoʻololi nā mākua i nā kazima i kekahi wahi ʻē aʻe. I loko o 5-7 mau lā, e huli ke aniani a me nā ʻauʻau.
E hūnā nā mākua iā lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hoʻokahi mau pule. Maikaʻi nui ka Malek i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka wai, no laila pono ʻoe e hānai i nā wahi liʻiliʻi a hoʻohemo i ke koena ʻai.
Hoʻomaka ka hānai - hua manu hua, microworm. Ke ulu nei lākou, hele lākou i Artemia nauplii.
Manaʻo ʻo Mr. Tail: nā waihona waihona aku
Hiki i ka Chromis ponoʻole ke noho ma loko o kahi pahu maʻamau ma kahi o 80 lita me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he maluhia loa. ʻAʻole ka iʻa i ka algae, omnivorous. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka mālama o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻōnaehana pae aʻe:
Ka hana | ||
6-14 ° dH | 6.0-7.4 pH | + 23 ... + 26 ° С |
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi mea hoʻoweliweli e hana i kahi kaila liʻiliʻi a me kahi kānana pono, ʻoiai ua makemake ka mea hoʻomohala i ka wai i nā wai maʻemaʻe. I mea e ʻike ʻia ai nā kukui o ke kala i ka piha piha, pono pono a me ka nalo i ka ammonia.
I ke kūlohelohe, makemake ʻia ka iʻa ma ke one, e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lepo i ka pahu. E leʻaleʻa nā pale i ka hoʻohena i loko. No nā kamaliʻi Bolivian hilahila, hana lākou i nā papa he nui: ka driftwood, pot, castles, kekahi mea hoʻonaninani e kūpono i nā iʻa malu. Manaʻo ʻia ʻia ka kukui e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia; algae me nā lau kuhi nui e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻO ka maʻi a me ka ʻihi
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā Apistograms e like me nā holoholona hōʻeha, ʻike nui lākou i nā loli i nā kūlana o ke kai kūlohelohe, ua maʻi koke lākou i nā maʻi kuʻuna a me nā maʻi parasit.
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pākī e hoʻonā i ka piʻi o ka wai o ka wai, kahi a keʻa nei iʻa ka iʻa, me ka hoʻomaloka ʻole ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka mea nona, ke ʻano paha ka huehue ma lalo o nā kaohi.
ʻO nā hoʻololi o ka wai i loko o ka pūpū me nā Butterflies e hoʻoili i kahi mau liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka iʻa e pili ana i ka iʻa i ka chlorine, ammonia, ka paʻakai sodium. Ke kaʻae nei i ka paʻaʻana o kēia mau mea i loko o ka mea hoʻomoʻi e alakaʻi ai i nā maʻi o ka lolo a me ka make.
He mea kūpono hoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi parasitite, ma kahi mea kānalua loa o ka maʻi maʻi, e kiʻi koke i ke kauka.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea weliweli loa no ka iʻa, ʻo ka lymphocytosis, he mea hiki mai. Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā ʻili kūlohelohe me nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi.
Inā pālahalaha nui nā maka o nā holoholona a maʻi, e hoʻomau ʻia ka maʻi pākahi a maʻi tuberculosis paha.
ʻO ka overeing ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hana. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kūlana, mālama lākou i ka holoholona i kahi meaʻai paʻa no nā lā ʻelua.
Mea ʻai
Ke kūlohelohe nei, hānai lākou ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke one ma kā lākou waha i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻano kumulāʻau. I loko o kahi hale hoʻonaʻauao home, ʻo ke one ke kī no ke kaʻina ʻai. E hānai ana i ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻai maloʻo me nā mea kanu o nā ʻano lāʻau, e like me ka mea o ka flakes, granules. Inā hiki, nā artemia hoʻokolohua, daphnia, nā pelika koko. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa ke kuʻi, akā e ʻai i ka mea holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka nui o ka molaki ʻana no ka pūʻulu o nā iʻa 6-8 e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 200 lita. Ua hoʻohana lākou i ka lepo lepo (pono!), Kekahi mau ʻeke a me nā mea kanu i waiho i nā wahi e mālama ai i nā wahi manuahi. Mālamalama ke kukui. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea i ʻole o ka ʻai ʻia o ka iʻa a me ka hoʻākāka ʻole, pono nāhelehele aloha ʻole aloha a i ʻole nā ʻano hoʻohālike e koho ʻia. Hiki i nā ʻāpana pālua ke mālama ʻia i ke pūnaewele spawning i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻAʻole like me ka koi i ka wai wai e like me nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke kala i kekahi o nā kuhi hewa ʻole ʻana o ka hoʻopā me ka hoʻopoina ʻana paha e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana o ka māhu. Makemake nui ʻo ka palupulu Bavian i ka wai haʻahaʻa, ka wai waikawa. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana filtration a me ka maʻamau o nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi: ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka hebedoma o kahi wai o ka wai (10-15% o ka nui) me ka wai hou a me ka wehe ʻana i nā lau lepo (feed residu, excrement).
KOMOHANO AQUARIUM
He kūpono kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i loko o kahi pākana maʻamau, a me nā cichlids dwarf a me nā iʻa ʻano maluhia. Ke kuʻi iki aku nei lākou i ka pipiʻi o ka ramirezi apistograms, akā no naʻe ke maluhia mau. Akā e poina wale ka mea, ʻoiai, he liʻiliʻi, akā he cichlid. E huki ʻo ia i ka pīkī, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ke koena, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona ʻano. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā iʻa like like, nā ʻano gourami, viviparous, mau lāʻau.
E aho i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kāne a i hoʻokahi wale nō, inā ʻelua mau kāne i ka ʻolima, no laila pono ʻoe i kahi nui o ka puʻuwai a me kahi kaʻawale. Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā mea. He paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha ke kaʻina hana hana. E like me ke kānāwai, ua kūʻai mua ʻia kekahi mau iʻa ʻōpio, a ma hope e pae pono iā lākou iho. Ua kiola ʻia ka iʻa i koe.
Kāleka
Kūpaʻa ke kino, ʻōhū ʻia nā hua, me ke poʻo nui, ākea nā papa, nā maka ākea me kahi mokuna ʻeleʻele. Ke hele ʻana kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e pili ana i ka maka. ʻO ka pākēnika a me ka pākēnohi apistogram o altispinosis he kūlaha wana ʻulaʻula ʻehā ma nā kihi o nā pōpoki ʻole i uku ʻia. He ʻeleʻele ka kala kino kino, me ka ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula, kahi ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao, a me kahi ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele o kēlā me kēia ʻula o ka moni dorsal. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā altispinose ma mua o nā wahine, he wahi ʻeleʻele lākou me nā ʻāpana kuʻaluna o ka hina hina i ke kino, aʻo ka wahine, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau wahi ʻelua. ʻO ka Males ka nui loa o nā kala e pono ai. ʻO ka apistogram Bolivian (ʻoiaʻiʻo mai Bolivia) ka mea maʻalahi loa, ʻo ia kahi pilina ma kahi o nā reservoirs o Brazil.
O kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana houʻana o nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Pair no ka hānai ʻana ma ke noi ʻana o ka iʻa. Ma muli o nā kūlana a i ʻole nā kūlana pilikino e hoʻokumu ai nā mea i ka wahine i ʻike ʻole i kekahi. Ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā pōhā Bolivian ʻaʻole e hōʻike i kēia mea huna.
Hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i ka pākahi maʻamau, akā i kēia hihia, e luku ʻia nā hua a me ka palaoa e nā poʻe noho maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole nā cichlids lākou iho. ʻO ia ke kumu e pono ai mākou i kahi papa spawning lako me nā alana o ka aquarium nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spawning ma lalo o ke ʻano kīnā ʻana i kekahi lau nui o nā mea kanu, ma kahi pōhaku pāpaʻi a pololei ʻole paha ma ka lepo, ka helu maʻamau o nā hua mai 70 a 100.
Mālama nā mākua i ka pipi a hiki i ka pipi liʻiliʻi mai lākou. Ma hope koke o kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hana no ka hoʻopili hou ʻana i ka aquarium i ka nui a hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i ka hānai i ka ʻōpio me ka hua manu maloʻo a i ʻole microworms.
Ua ʻōlelo nā loiloi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻuʻupu Bolivian ʻaʻole paʻakikī i kēlā me kēia, a ua hōʻoia ʻia nā manaʻo maikaʻi i ka wā e kamaʻilio pū ai me lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke aloha iā lākou, a ma kēia hihia e pane lākou.
Hoʻaiho
ʻAmelika Hema - Noho ʻo kēia ʻano pili i nā wahi ākea, e uhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Bolivia, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ke aupuni o Brazil ma Mato Grosso, ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka hopena ma ka paʻu o luna o ka Rio Madeira ma Bolivia a me Brazil.
E noho ana nā moʻolelo ma Rio Mamor a me Rio Guapor ma Bolivia a me ʻĀpelila, ʻo ia nō ma ka pāpū ʻo Rio Orton basin (nā punawai o Tahuamanu a me Manuripi).
Noho ka mea hānai, nā lunakahiko, nā wai hoʻoneʻe a me nā loko me kahi papa o ke one a i ka pālolo paha. Noho ia ma nā wahi pāpū. Makemake nā wahi i ka manawa palupalu a maikaʻiʻole, a me ka nui o nā mea kanu a nui.
Loaʻa iā Upper Madeira kahi ʻano hoihoi: i kēia mau lā ma mua o 400 mau ʻano o nā iʻa o ka wai wai.
Hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe
Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kāne mai kahi wahine i loko o ka pīpī Bolivian i ka pākeke. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pua pua, ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAʻole i like ka ramirezi, ʻaʻohe wahine ma luna o kahi ʻulaʻula.
Kālā: ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā muliwai o ka waihona ipu (Amazonapor, Mamor) e kahe ana ma Palakila a me Bolivia.
ʻO keʻano: ʻO 8 cm ka lōʻihi, e ulu nui i ka mea i loko o ka aquarium ma mua o nā pōpō ramirezi. Ka melemele ke kala ākea ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka wahi o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao koke i hope o nā gills me kahi kiʻi brownish-red. Holo ka laina ʻeleʻele i ka maka. Aia nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino a ma ke kumu o ka hope dorsal. He laula ka mae, hina-hina, me kahi ulaula ulaula. ʻO ka uku Dorsal a i nā hihi he nui o ka caudal fin elongated, kuhikuhi. ʻEleʻele ka ʻili o mua o ka moni dorsal. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā iʻa na ke poʻo ākea a me nā maka nui. ʻAiola / ʻano hānai: Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kekahi ʻano o ke aniani, ola a maloʻo maloʻo. Pono e hoʻolako i ka ʻano like ʻole.
Pālā wai wai:
- Huhu 24-29 C
- Ka waiwai (pH) 6.0 -7.6
- Kaʻāʻāina (dH) 5-20
ʻO ka nui kai akuʻa liʻiliʻi: No kahi mālama o nā kauwā, kahi aquarium o 60 lita a i ʻole ua pono. No kahi hui o ka iʻa, ʻo ka hiki ke 100 lita, ʻoi aku ka hapa me lalo, kahi ʻōhulu a lepo lepo maikaʻi paha, nā pihi lau o nā mea kanu a me ka driftwood kūlohelohe. Pono e kāohi i nā ʻāpana wai, nā hapanui maʻamau i nā nui liʻiliʻi o nā wai (nui nā hoʻololi i hoʻohui ʻia). Hāʻawi ʻia e hoʻomāliʻi i ka iʻa i loko o ka hale kanu i hoʻokūkū ʻia me ka paʻa kaulike paʻa.
Akuula
Kūpono ʻia ka nui o ka mea aku i ka mika no ka 20 pākahi i hoʻokahi.
Pono pāpō nā mea kanu a hoʻomohala i nā wahi lūlū, waiho ana i kahi lumi no ka ʻauʻau. Pono nā iʻa he nui o nā pale, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pōhaku, ka driftwood, nā kupa kūlohelohe a me nā grottoes.
ʻO ka ʻū a me ke kahaka ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he kūpono ia e like me ka lepo. He haʻahaʻa ke kukui.
Hoʻomau
I loko o ka Latin, kona inoa e kani ai e like me Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (ke ʻano o mua o Paplilochromis altispinosa). Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka inoa hewa ʻole no ka iʻa - ka Bavaria o apistogram.Aia kekahi koho ʻē aʻe no nā inoa ʻepekema: ʻO Apistogram Bolivian butterfly (South American dwarf cichlid), Bolivian butterfly chromis, Bolivian papiliochromis, altispinosis apistogram
ʻO ka wehewehe mua o ka pōpō Bolivian i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1911.
Ma ka ulu lāʻau, noho ʻo kēia cichlid dwarf i nā wahi ākea o Bolivia a me Pasila. ʻO nā kīwaha Bolivian mua i loaʻa i loko o nā wai pohō o nā loko ʻo Bolivian, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka iʻa. Loaʻa ʻo ia i ka ʻoluʻolu i ka pīhoihoi wikiwiki me nā algae, nui a me nā lālā. I loko o kēia mau wahi, makemake nui nā pōpoki e hūnā. Noho nui ia ma nā ʻāpana hohonu a waena o ka wai. Me ka leʻaleʻa e ʻili i ka lepo, e ʻimi ana i nā iniseti.
ʻO ke kino o kahi pōpō Bolivian e like me kahi hua manu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma hope. He mau maka nani a nani nā iʻa, i hoʻolālā ʻia e ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele. He melemele ke kumu nui o ke kino, ʻulaʻula ke poʻo a me ka umauma. He lōʻihi a keu hoʻi ka pāpaʻi ma hope, aia i ka ʻaoʻao mua i kahi pōkole pōʻeleʻele, ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao a ʻulaʻula. Holo ka palena ʻulaʻula ma ke kae o ka moni caudal. Aia kekahi pāpalaʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo, aia nā laina lihi nāole poʻohiwi.
ʻO ke ola o ka iʻa i loko o ka aquarium he ʻokoʻa a hiki ke loli mai ka 4 a hiki i 5-7 mau makahiki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike nui ʻia kēia i nā ʻano o nā paʻa.
Pēlā a me ka hoʻoluʻu
E like me ka ʻāina ma ka aku i loko o nā ʻalā ko Bolivia, he mau māpuna liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke kahawai mau mea e pale aku ai; nui nā pōhaku nui e kau.
Ma ka lalo o ka mea i loko o ke kaona, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā wahi nui mai nā māka, nā niu niu, nā hale kākela a me nā ʻōpū. ʻO ke algae, hoʻohana i nā mea e pono ai e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka lepo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i ko lākou mea kanu e haki i lalo o lalo i nā wahi me nā pā.
ʻAʻole pono ka mālamalama hoʻohuihui, makemake ke iʻa i ka kukui i lalo o ka honua o lalo.
Pehea e hānai ai i kahi pōpō Bolivian?
ʻO nā Apinstrograms o nā ʻano pupu Bavoli he ʻoliʻoli a kīnā ʻole i ka meaʻai, e like me nā mea he nui o ka aquarium. Me ka leʻaleʻa loa lākou e hoʻono i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka lolo. No ka hānai ʻana i kēia iʻa, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi hui e loaʻa ana i ka 45% daphnia a i ʻole cyclops, 35% coretre a bloodworms a me 20% tubule. Hoʻonui ka hoʻohui i ko lākou kino kino i ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā krill a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine?
ʻO ka dimorphism moʻomeheu o nā palu Bolivian i ka pākeke hele maikaʻi ʻia ke hele pono ʻia. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kāne mai kahi wahine ma o nā hōʻailona aʻe:
- He lōʻihi aku nā mele o nā iʻa o kēia ʻano.
- ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pua o nā kāne a loaʻa i ke ʻano kikoʻī. I nā wahine, ʻaʻole iki nā huaʻōlelo ʻoi loa.
- Ma ka aoao o ke kino o na kane, he wahi hookahi o ke kala kala, a i na wahine - i elua.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kino o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
- ʻO nā lohi o ka ʻeke ma ke kua o ke kāne ka lōʻihi a keu aku.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui
ʻO nā pua kīwaha Bolivian, e like me nā iʻa a pau āpau, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO nā Apistograms o nā pōloli Bolivian e lilo i wahine a makua i ka makahiki 9 a hiki i 12 mahina. No ka hoʻouluʻana, e lawe i kahi kupa hiki i 1.5 mau makahiki, ʻoiai mea ʻōpio nā mea ʻōpio nui i ʻai i kā lākou hua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, he ʻano ikaika ka iʻa o kēia ʻano, i loko o kahi puʻu e hiki ai i nā 200 huaʻai.
No ka spawning, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu i ʻohana pua o 6 a 10 mau kanaka. Ma ia ʻano ʻoihana, kū hoʻokahi kūwaho nā Bolivian i kahi pālua, e hoʻomau ana a hiki i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia i kekahi aku aku.
Hoʻopili ikaika ka spawning inā hoʻonui ka mahana i nā aquarium i 27 tikelika. ʻO kahi mea hoʻohui hou e lilo i kēlā me kēia lā i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai. Hiki i nā lolo kīlepa Bolivian hiki ke hele mai i loko o kahi pākana maʻamau ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono.
No ka palekana o ka masonry a me ka pākī, ua kanu ʻia nā mea hana i loko o kahi kīʻaha pākahi o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (mai ka 60 lita). Ua uhi ʻia nā kahua kūpono i ka lepo maikaʻi, kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole kahi alapi a i kau ʻia ma luna, kahi e waiho ai ka wahine i nā hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lawehala puaʻa, hoʻokumu i ka twilight, kanu ʻia i ka māla spawning.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o spawning, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kime i ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka lau a hoʻomaka i ka hua. I ka wā o kēia manawa, holo ke kapa o ka mea like ma kekahi. Ma hope o 40-45 mau minuke o kēlā kuʻi ʻia, ʻike ʻia kahi huki o nā hua ʻoniʻoni. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka masonry, kāpae ka wahine i luna o ia a me nā ʻīlī me nā pua, ʻo ka kāne i kēia manawa mālama i ka ʻāina. I ka manawa mālama, e hoʻololi nā hoahana i nā wahi.
I mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā pēpē i ka wā e ʻai ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua, e hoʻohuli ʻia nā hua i kahi hider ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio no ka incubation artifical. I kēia incubator kūikawā me kahi he o 15-20 mau lita, hāʻawi lākou i kahi mahana ((20 degrees), kahi paʻa mau o ka wai wai me ka oxygen e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea hoʻoweliweli, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai me kahi kānana span. E hoʻohemo i ke kīleʻaleʻa, ʻoi aku ia e hoʻohui i kekahi mau hāhā o ka palahalike methylene.
ʻIke ʻia ka palaoa i ka lā 3 a i ʻole 4 lā. Mai kēia manawa ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau a ʻai. E like me ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ai ka pēpē, hāʻawi ʻia nā pēpē i huaʻai maloʻo a me nā mikrotorm.
ʻO nā maʻi o ka Apistogram o kahi Kukupu Bolivian
ʻO nā pōpō ʻolepoli kekahi o nā kānaka o ka hale ʻona ʻeha loa.
ʻO nā Apistograms o kēia ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i nā loli i nā kūlana paʻa.
Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pā wai, hoʻonā nā iʻa a piʻi i nā ʻāpana wai kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike lākou no ka ea, hiki paha i ka laka ma lalo o nā koena. Hiki ke kōkua ʻia nā pale a inā, ma nā hanana ʻino mua, hoʻāla ʻia ka mahana o ka wai.
Hoʻopili maikaʻiʻole nā Apistograms e hoʻopili i ka piha o ka wai piha a i kahi hapa nui paha. Hiki i kēia hanana ka nui o nā maʻi. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ka iʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka chlorine, ammonia a me ka paʻakai sodium. ʻO ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana i ka wai ma ka loko aku e hiki ai ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka lolo o ka iʻa i loko o ka iʻa.
Hiki i nā meaola Parasitic ke hoʻomau i nā hexamitosis a me ichthyofirius i loko o ka iʻa.
ʻO nā maʻi hōʻeha o nā palu Bolivian e pili ana i ka lymphocytosis a i ʻole hypertrophy. Hōʻoia ka puka a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele i ke kino o ka iʻa maʻi.
Me ka maʻi pākaha a me ka hiolo i ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia nā maka heʻe.
Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā Apistograms i ka overeating, kahi e hoʻonā ai i ka hoʻonāukiuki o ka papa hana. I ka nui o nā manawa, ʻehā mau lā ʻaina, i ka wā e hānai ʻole ʻole ʻia ka iʻa, kōkua i kēia pilikia.
ʻO nā Apistograms o nā palu Bolivian e hōʻike pololei i nā kūlana kaumaha. ʻO keʻano kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hili ʻia kēia mau i loko o ka pākona me nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe. Pono ka hoʻololi i nā kūlana hou a me nā kaiapuni hiki ke make i ka make o ka iʻa.
Inā i wehewehe pono ʻia ka maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ke olakino lapaʻau. I ka hihia o kahi hōʻemi maʻamau i ke kūlana o nā pōloli Bolivian, pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka aquarium - kōkua pinepine kēia i ka iʻa e hoʻōla hou.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Ke noi nei nā Apinstograms o kēia mau mea i nā kūlana aku aku. Akā hiki i kēia hiʻohiʻona ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou pono: e like me ko lākou kūlana, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokolokolo i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
He poʻe akamai akamai nā pōpoki polū. Ma waena o nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka aquarium, ʻike lākou i ka mea nona ka ʻona a noi aku i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau lima.
E mālama i ka iakiko, e kūʻai mua i kekahi iʻa. Kūkulu kēia mau apistograms i kā lākou iho, a kāpae i nā mea i koe.
Nā maʻi ʻona
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā maʻi e waiho nei i nā kūlana o ka paʻa, inā hele lākou ma mua o ka pae i makemake ʻia, a laila hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia o ka make ʻana a hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻano o nā maʻi like ʻole e hiki mai ana i ka hana. Inā ma mua he kānalua ka maʻi o ka iʻa, ʻo ka mea mua e hana ai ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana wai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ka maʻi kino o nā huahana nitrogen. Hoʻihoʻi pinepine i nā kūlana maʻamau a kūpono i ka ho'ōla. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau lā, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana, e ʻike i ka maʻa ʻo Aquarium Fish Diseases.