ʻUlaʻeleʻele | ||||||||||||
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Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | ||||||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Maikuhi: | Kukui |
Kekaha: | Portunoidea |
Nānā: | ʻUlaʻeleʻele |
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
He ʻauhau ma nā wiki | Nā kiʻi ma Wikimedia Commons |
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Nā kiʻi waho |
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ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻekolu |
ʻUlaʻeleʻele (lat. Callinectes sapidus) - ʻohana crustacean Portunidae. Ua wehewehe mua iā Mary Jane Rathban.
ʻO keʻano
Kahi a ka ʻāpana kūmole polu i ka laulā o 17.8-20 cm a me ka lōʻihi o 7.5-10.2 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā moemoe ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka paona o nā holoholona kūpono wahine mai 0.45 a 0.90 kg. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele nā dorsal he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, hina, hina a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka poni-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoniʻoni a he pupu ʻāpana ʻōhua ma kēlā ʻaoʻao a hiki i 8 cm ka nui o nā limu haʻahaʻa a me ʻōpū ma keʻokeʻo.
Heʻokoʻa nā kala ʻē aʻe i ka pili o ke kāne. ʻAkala nā luna o nā poʻo o nā kāne, ʻulaʻula nā wahine.
ʻO ka pahu polu mau ʻelima mau wāwae o nā umauma. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōna mua o nā wāwae i ʻelua pihi ikaika a like me nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Haka ka hulihuhihi nunui puʻi e hōʻili i nā pōpoki, aʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻa i nā palu palupalu a hoʻouna i ka meaʻai i ka waha e wehe ai. Hoʻohālike ka ʻelima mau wāwae o ka wāwae no kahi kai moana a lawelawe no ka ʻauʻau. Hiki i nā palahaha polū ke hoʻolei aku i nā pani liʻiliʻi inā pilikia. A laila hiki i ka crab ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā wāwae i nalo.
Aia nā maka maka ma nā wahi pōkole ma waho o ka maka mua o ka pahu kaloa ma ke poʻo. Ma waena o nā maka he ʻelua mau aniani pōkole a me ka liʻuliʻu.
ʻO ke ola o kahi papa uliuli e like me 2 a me 4 mau makahiki.
Kālā
ʻO ka ʻāina kahiki i ka ʻāpana polū ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema. I ʻEulopa, ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia holoholona i 1900. I kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi ākea o ka Baltic a me North Seas. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā moana Mediterranean a me Adriatic.
Noho ka uliuli ʻona nui i loko o nā hale waiwai a ma nā wai pāpū ma ka hohonu o ka 36 m, kahi hohonu i ka hoʻoilo. E makemake ʻo ia i ka lalo pākolo a me lalo.
Pono nā ipu ʻōpio i kahi mahana wai 15 a 30 ° C. Hiki i nā holoholonaʻelemakule ke ʻae i nā wela o ka wai a hiki i ka 10 ° C. ʻO nā lālima, ʻaʻole like me nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā pākeke ke koi nei i ka melinelena maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i nā waiwai i lalo o 20 ‰.
Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ʻano
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka mea hao. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka nohona kaiʻaiila nā hua lua, kahi ʻohana ʻāpana manu hoʻoneʻe.
He mea kanu holoholona moana kēia me nā wāwae ʻelima.
- ʻehā mau ʻaʻa - hele, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana o ke kīʻaha aliʻi,
- ka ʻelima - hōʻemi a hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ke kalapu.
Aia ma luna o kēia ʻāpana he brown i ka pena. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā wahi ākea nui ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kalapu. Aia pū kekahi pū me nā ʻōleʻele a me nā pua a me nā pua. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻōpū i kahi pākeke ke hiki i 24 cm i nā kāne a hiki i 16 cm nā wahine. ʻO ka paona o nā luna nui loa o kēia ʻano he 5 kg.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka polabo polū i nā kī kikoʻī ma luna o ke alapeke: ʻelua nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou i ke kiʻi o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio: mauʻu ka mauʻu o nā kumuʻi, a ʻike wale nā ʻōpala i ko lākou wahi.
Ke noho maʻamau
Ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana, hoʻi ka wahine i ka wai paʻakai, aʻo nā kāne i noho ma nā waha o nā kahawai.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ke hū nā ʻūhā i nā ʻōpala a i nā lau nahele paha e kiaʻi ai i ka mea i pio a mālama iā lākou iho i nā ʻenemi. ʻOi aku ka polu polu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻaiho
Noho kēia mau pu ma ka wai o ka Pakipika, i ka Kepani, Okhotsk, a me Bering Seas. ʻO ka uliuli, ke koho i ka nohona like a me nā kūlana like me kona kaanoho, ka ʻāʻī Kamchatka, kahi ʻāpana iki iki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila, i kēlā mau wahi kahi e noho ai kēia mau ʻōuli, ua hoʻololi ʻia kahi uliuli i kēlā mau wahi o ka lalo ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka nohona. manakou.
Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi o ka manu ʻaʻai kai i kekahi mea ʻoi loa: noho nā pōpoki makua ma ka hohonu o 300 m i ka hoʻoilo, a ma kahi o 50-100 m ke kauwela. Ua hōʻoluʻolu ʻia ka mahana wai no lākou mai ka 0.5 a hiki i ka 2.5 ° C. Hiki i ka ulu ʻōpio ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā polu polu e komo paha:
- nā mollusks
- urchins kai
- polūka polychaete,
- mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi
- hoku moana
- anemones moana.
Kuhi kēia mau mea kanu crustaceans a hiki i 20 mau makahiki. Ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi: he 25 mau makahiki kau ko kāne kāne.
ʻAno hānau
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā heluna o kēia ʻelima no nā crustaceans i ʻelua mau hanauna: a me nā makahiki he nui wale nō hoʻi. Pālua ka craboids wahine i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua. Hiki i ka spawning Mass ke hoʻomaka mai a ʻApelila a Iune. Nā hua momona i palaka ʻia ma kahi o 11 mau mahina (e hoʻopili lākou i nā pleopods, crab swimming legs). Wahi a ia, i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua kau mai nā huaʻai mai kēia mea, kahi e ulu ai i ka ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mahina, ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka palaoa (ma mua o kā lākou molt he wahi waena o ke kūkulu - predmalki).
Noho nā wahine hānai i nā hua i kanu ʻia i ka wai pāpio: ma ka hohonu a hiki i 100 m. ʻO nā wahine i mākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i lalo o ka 200 m), ʻoiai nā kāne i noho i laila i ka wā anuanu. I ka pūnāwai, ma hope o ka molting, hele a kamaaina, a hoʻi nā wahine i ka wai pāpaku.
Hoʻopau ka hanauna ʻōpio i nā manawa he 12 i ka makahiki mua o ke ola a me 6-7 i ka lua. Eia kekahi, a hiki i ka wā akuwale (8-9 makahiki o kona mau makahiki), hele ʻia ka molting i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina. Hoʻokahi mau kaolaʻelemakule mau lua pākahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻāpana polū he ʻūhā ʻulaʻula (Sciaenops ocellatus), nā mea hana maʻamau (Nā Micropogonias undulatus), Nā kolika kala ʻAmelika (ʻO Larus argentatus smithsonianus) nā mea ʻano like ʻole o ke kai, pēlā pū kekahi.
Manaʻo ʻia ka palahalaha ʻaina he mea maikaʻi loa a loaʻa i nā nui.
15.09.2017
ʻO ka crab Blue (Latin Callinectes sapidus) pili i ka ʻohana o Crab-diving (Latin Portunidae). He mea waiwai nui kēia crustacean, a ʻo kāna hopu makahiki ma mua o 28,000 tons. Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua manaʻo ʻia kāna ʻiʻo i kahi mea momona maikaʻi loa, no laila ua emi iki ka lehulehu.
No nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala iho nei, ua emi iho ia mai ka 900 a 300 miliona mau kānaka. MaʻAmelika wale nō, ʻoi aku ma mua o 4,500 mau ʻāina i laikini e hopu i nā pua ʻaole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
No nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala iho nei, ua emi iho ia mai ka 900 a 300 miliona mau kānaka. MaʻAmelika wale nō, ʻoi aku ma mua o 4,500 mau ʻāina i laikini e hopu i nā pua ʻaole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ka nui o nā kaila polū i nā ʻaumua a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe a hiki i 36 m hohonu a mālama ʻia i ka ʻū me ka ʻāina siliki. I ka hoʻoilo, hele lākou i nā wai hohonu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā holoholona makua i ka emi ʻana o ke anuanu a hiki i 10 ° C, a ua hōʻoluʻolu nā ʻelo i loko o 15 ° -30 ° C. ʻO nā ʻōkuhi, ʻaʻole like i kā lākou mau mākua, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai o ka wai ma lalo o 20 PSU.
Hōʻea ka hoʻokele nui mai kahi hoʻohālua. Lele ka ʻili i loko o ka ʻili a peʻe paha i ka mānoanoa o ka nui o ka meʻa, e kali ana me ka hoʻomanawanui no ka mea e kokoke mai ana. He mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai i nā nui crustaceans, no laila he mea paʻakikī loa i nā poʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai he iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā bivalves, nā kōpala a me nā mea kanu. Callinectes sapidus he omnivorous a ʻaʻohe picky e pili ana i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ka pala, a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, ke hele nei ʻo ia ma ka cannibalism. ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻai ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea maʻi. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli nui nā kahe kai, nā ʻona, nā kai a me nā iʻa mai ka ʻohana Gorybylyevyh (Sciaenidae).
Ma waena o nā mea nui he nui a pakanā, hōʻano kūwau ʻia nā Hematodinium perezi, nā fungi microsporidia maʻalahi loa Ameson michaelis, a me ka amoeba Paramoeba permiciosa e ʻehaʻeha loa. ʻO lākou ke kumu nui o ka make kiʻekiʻe o nā ponu uliuli.
ʻO Habitat o ʻulaʻula polū.
Noho ka ʻōpū poloka i kekahi ʻano o nā home, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā wai paʻakai o ke kai me he wai hou i loko o nā pili paʻa. Kūʻai pinepine ʻo ia i nā hale waiwai āpau me nā wai hou, a noho i ka noho. ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka pahu polū mai ka palena o ka papa haʻahaʻa i lalo o ka 36 mau mika. Noho mau nā wahine i ka wai me ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i nā ékuu, ʻoiai ma ka wā kau. I ka wā ua, i ka wā e emi ai ka mahana o ka wai, lele nā ʻōpū uliuli i nā wai hohonu.
ʻUlaʻula kik - ʻo holoholona hihiu
ʻAi ʻaʻa kik Blue.
ʻO kā nā uliuli uliuli e hānai nei i nā meaʻai. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, makemake nui i nā ʻalā a me nā mussels, iʻa, annelids, algae, a me ka kokoke i kekahi mea kanu, manu ʻole. ʻAi lākou i ka holoholona make, akā ʻaʻole mau kuke i ka kālai i pau ai i ka lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi mau polu polu i ka wā kahiki i nā pupu ʻōpio.
ʻĀnō e hana i ka ʻulaʻula polū.
Nā ʻōpū o Atlantika, nā pua wai, nā ʻōpū moana i loko o nā pulu uliuli. He mau pilina nui lākou i loko o ka kaulahao meaʻai, ʻo lākou nā mea koho a me ka mea pio.
Hoʻomoʻa ka polu ʻaina i nā parasites. Hoʻopili nā Shells, ʻōpala a me nā leeces i ka uhi chitinous o waho, nā kūpeʻe isopod liʻiliʻi e noho i nā gills a ma lalo o ke kino haʻahaʻa, nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i nā parasitize i loko o nā ʻuhane.
ʻOiai ʻo C. sapidus ka mea hoʻokipa o ka nui o nā lolo, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ke ola o ka puʻuwai.
ʻO ka waiwai o nā pāpale polū.
Pōʻalima nā kahu polu i ka lawaiʻa. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau crustaceans ua ʻoluʻolu loa a ua mākaukau ma nā ʻano he nui. Hōʻulu nā lua i nā paepae i ke kika ʻae ʻana, ʻelua wāwae ākea a ua hana ʻia ma ke kua. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i ka maunu me ka iʻa hou make. Ma kekahi mau wahi, hoʻopau ka pahu i nā ʻami a me nā hoki. He nui ka poʻe e ʻai i ka io, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea momonaʻai i nā ʻāina e kū ana ma ke kahakai.
ʻO nā hae kuʻāina i nā moku kalepa
ʻO ke moku kūʻai, e holo ana i loko o ka wai o ke kaiāulu o ka moku i kahakai, pono e hoʻāla i ka hae a ka mokuʻāina.
Lele aku ka hae lahilahi o ka moku kahakai i ka pae mua a i ʻole ma ka mainmast.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka manawa like, ma kahi memela, pono nō hoʻi ka moku e lawe pū i ka hae o ka mokuʻāina i kākau ʻia ai.
Ke hoʻohiki nei ʻia i ka wai o ke kai a i ka pi i ke awa, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hae mai ka hafel i ka pihi.
Kū ka hae o nā moku'āina i nā wai o ke kikowaena i ka wana o ke kakahiaka a i ka lā i ka lā, e like me ka mea e hele mai ma mua o ka lā,
E maʻemaʻe nā hae mokuʻāina, ʻaʻole hoʻi i loaʻa nā pulupulu a me nā kihi, a me nā kihi.
Pono nā mea kiaʻi e pale ʻole nā hae o ka mokuahi i hāpai ʻia i nā hana mast, kā lākou mast a me nā hāmeʻe a mai a puni ka halyards.
Pono ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a i ʻole wehe ʻia nā hae ma nā faile a waiho i nā pahu mālama.
ʻAʻole e ʻeha ʻia kahi hae i hoʻāla ʻia a puni ka wahie kokoke loa, no ka mea, he mahalo ʻole kēia no ka mokuahi mokuʻāina a me ke aupuni. No kēlā ʻano hana ʻino, ua uku ʻia kahi uku nui ma ka moku.
ʻO nā kānāwai o kekahi mau ʻāina littoral e koi i kahi moku ma luna o ka lele e lele mau ana i ka hae mokuʻāina, ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ua moku. ʻO kēia, hoʻohālikelike kekahi ʻano lula ma Norway.
I loko o nā moku kūʻai kūʻai, aia kahi hana e aloha ai i nā moku koa a i ʻole ka mea kūʻai aku ke hālāwai me ka moana.
I ke ao, i ka wā i hoʻopuni ʻia ai i ka wai o ke kaiāulu a i uka kūloko o kahi moku kahakai, ka pūʻali koa a i ʻole kekahi moku moku i ka lawelawe kaiāulu i hala e hana maʻamau me ka ʻaha ʻana o ka hae o ka mokuahi mokuahi. No ka hana i kēia, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mea kiaʻi a hoʻokiʻekiʻe hou i ka hae mokuʻāina - ua kapa ʻia kēia "e aloha i ka hae."
Hoʻoulu mau ʻia nā hae hae mokuʻāina.
Hoʻopili i kahi hae me nā swivels metal i kahi halyard me kahi bayonet lawaiʻa a i ʻole bayonet lawaiʻa. ʻO nā pahu me nā tenona flones i ulana ʻia i ka pahu i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia i kahi halyard me kahi puʻupuʻu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka halyard i ka ogon me ke kōkua o ke kāwili wikiwiki i hoʻokuʻu ʻia - ka "kāwele ulana ulele".
ʻO kahi kāʻei i ulana ʻia i kapa ʻia he "kaikaina" o kahi kāwele paʻa. He mea maikaʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hae i nā halyards, no ka mea hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi ka hāʻawi aku i ka wā i huki ʻia ka halyard e ka makani ikaika a ʻike ʻole i ka ua.
ʻO ke kāʻei kahiʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, he ʻano "kahe a kahi i ulana ʻia" a ua hoʻopiʻi maoli ʻia e nā poʻe lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea ulana wale nō ka pono e huki koke i nā puʻupuʻu, akā, pono ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ke kuʻi e pono ʻole ai e paʻa, akā paʻa wale nō hoʻi, no ka mea pono ʻoe e hāʻawi koke i ka hana i lalo o ke kaumaha (ʻāʻī), a maopopo iā ʻoe ke paʻakikī i ka wehe ʻana i nā kāʻei ma ka ʻaoʻao mākū. (nā kaula kaula), inā paha i hana ʻia ka māla o nā mea kanu, e like me ka hemp (ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa) a i ʻole manila.
Hopu nā kānaka, ua ʻoluʻolu nā kānaka, lawe lākou a hoʻololi i ka ʻūhā i ulana iki, he piʻo wale i ka holo ʻana o ka halyard a loaʻa iā mākou ka popo e wikiwiki koke, e hāliu wale ʻoe i nā kihi o ka halehana.
No laila hoʻomaikaʻi aku iā ʻoe a me ka pana hohonu i kā mākou mau mea ulana mai ka kūlanakauhale nani o Iona nani, a ma ko lākou kanaka i nā mea ulana a me nā mea ulana ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai naʻe, ua hana ʻia ke kāʻei i nā wā ma mua aku a i ʻoi aku paha e nā mea ulana Pelekane.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā laina poli o nā synt synt serat me ka diameter o 6-8 mm e lilo i mau faila no ka hānai ʻana i nā mokuahi a me nā hae hae, ʻoi aku ia he mea hou loa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana, akā naʻe, i ka wā, huki nā laina a ua kāohi ʻia i ka soot mai nā puna ʻōpala a lehu a i ka wā i kau ʻia ai kahi laina a ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kaula, a laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke wehe ia. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kīleʻaleʻa i ʻike ʻia no ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā hae mai ka makahiki 1980, ʻaʻole au i loaʻa i hoʻokahi hihia o ke kūpaʻa a i ʻole nā pilikia i ka wehe ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia me ke hoʻopili maoli ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana i ka hae i ka wahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kahi kiʻekiʻe e pono ai - ʻo ka manawa maʻamau ke piʻi ka luna kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka palaki kahi e lawe ʻia ai ka halyard, pono ia e huki i ka halyard a kau ma luna o ka pato a ma ka alaloa. Ma ka pato, ua popi ʻia ka halyard me nā hose ma nā wī a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia hiʻi. Ma ka pihi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka halyard me kahi hui puʻuhū, e maʻalahi ia e hāʻawi a hiki i lalo me ka piʻo ikaika a māla.
Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻokoʻa ka hōʻailona halyard, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka puʻu vyblenochny ma ke kaʻa, ʻokoʻa ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke kiʻi, e pālua ka pahu halyard.
Ua loaʻa i kona inoa i nā inoa ma muli o ka holo ʻana o nā moku holo i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pale kāwili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kāwili i noho mau i loko.
Ma kahi kanakolukūmākolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ka makahiki 80, aia nō kekahi hana ma ka mea kūʻai aku e "hoʻolilo" i ka hae ma kahi moku e hiki mai ana, e lohi ana mai ia wahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi mamao. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka pili loa o nā moku, i ka lā, ʻaʻole ka poʻe mālama moku e kiaʻi ma loko o ka hale aliʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e aloha ai. A no ka ulu waiwai, ʻaʻole e hoʻokiʻekiʻe nā moku i ka hae moku i ka moana. No laila, he hōʻemi nui ʻana i nā moku moku a me nā mālama mālama "he mea make" i pepehi ʻia i kahi ʻano hana pilikino maikaʻi.
Ka hoʻomau nei o ka pou "ʻO kekahi lā hānau"
No nā kenekulia, kamaʻilio nā poʻe holo moku e pili ana i nā nalu nui i hiki ke hoʻokū a hoʻopau paha i kahi moku o kēlā me kēia nui. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau moʻolelo i nā moʻo moana, a ma ka hopena o ka kenekulia 20, loaʻa i nā kānakaʻepekema nā hōʻike maoli e kū maoli ana nā hanana maoli.Loaʻa ia mau nalu i ka inoa - nalu makeʻe.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā nalu make
ʻO ka manawa mua e pili ana i nā nalu ʻekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā nūnū lele, nā nū nui a me nā nalu keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia wale nō ka makahiki 1826 i ka ʻepekema kaiāulu. A laila ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea huakaʻi huakaʻi Pelekane ʻo Jules Dumont-Durville, he mea nui hoʻi ia o ka holo moana, ua haʻi ʻo ia i kāna mau hoa hana i kekahi o kāna huakaʻi hele kākā ʻia ʻo ia i ka neʻe like ʻole me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 33 mau mika.
Akā, a laila ua ʻakaʻaka nā luna no ka mea, i ka 19 kenekulia 19ʻenehana Gaussian e pili ana i ka hana o Gaussian ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka kaiāulu ʻepekema.
Ua lawe nā mea āpau i ke kumu kumu, mai ka alakaʻi ʻana i nā mea moana nui i nā mea hana moku nui. Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, ʻoiai i kahi pōʻai ikaika, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ke piʻi ma mua o 15 mau mika. Kahi nalu 20 mau kiʻekiʻe o ke kai Gaussian e kū wale ana inā he nui nā mea i kulu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻatikala, hiki ke neʻe wale i kēlā me kēia 10 mau makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Ma kahi o nā kenekulia a hope aʻe, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo o nā nalu make, ʻoiai ua kū i kekahi manawa i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema, ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui loa.
Ma Ianuali 1, 1995, 160 mau kilomita mai ke kahakai o Norway, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nalu ʻikepili e nā ʻōnaehana o ka papahana kālai ʻo Dropner. Ua kiʻekiʻe aku kona kiʻekiʻe i 25 mau mika.
Kahi ʻia ka paepae i kahi ala e kū like ai i kahi nalu 20 mika, kahi e hōʻike ai, ma ke ʻano he 10 kau mau makahiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā lā, ua hālāwai ʻo Dropner i kahi hoʻopukapuka wai nui loa i kolo i ke kahua i nā wikiwiki ma luna o 70 km / h a hōʻino iā ia.
Ua hōʻiliʻili kēia hanana i ka manaʻo nui i waena o ke kaiāulu a mai kēlā manawa aku, ua lilo nā nalu ʻikepili i lilo i mea nui no ka noiʻi ʻana e nā kaikuni moana ma ka honua.
He aha ka mea luku anu a he ikaika nō hoʻi
No laila, he aha ka hoʻohālikelike o nā nalu luku a pehea lākou e ʻokoʻa ai i nā nalu maʻamau? Ma nā mea maoli, e noho pohihihi ʻo kēia ʻano kūlohelohe, i mua o nā maka ʻepekema, a hiki i kēia lā.
ʻO ka ʻōhumu, nā nalu leleʻe i kahi nalu ʻōpiopio nui me ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 mau mika, ka ʻano pono ʻole. Kahi puka maila kēlā mau nalu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pōpilikia a hiki i nā moku nui.
I mea e maopopo ai ka mea e pili ana, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā helu. No laila, he kumulāi mau mika 12 mau miki i hoʻokumu i kahi kaʻe o ke ana e pili ana i 6 tons no ka palena pākahi. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā moku i kēia wā e like me ke kū ʻana i kahi pohihihi e kū pono ana i nā 15 tone pākahi like me ka square square, a no laila ʻaʻole makaʻu mai nā nalu nui iā lākou.
Eia naʻe, i ka hiki ʻana i ka nalu luku, a laila, e like me nā poʻe ʻepekema, i ka manawa e hui pū ai me lākou, he ikaika o ka 100 mau pākēneka o kēlā me kēia mita pākeke a i ʻole hana e hana ana ma ka moku. Hiki ke hoʻokaumaha maoli ke ʻano o ka hikiwawe o ka moku a hōʻino paha i ka moku.
No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i nā makahiki i hala iho nei he kakaikahi ka poʻe hōʻike mai i kēia hanana - ʻo ka nalu ke keʻokeʻo i luku wale i nā moku, me ka hoʻohuli iā lākou i mau pōpoki, no laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa i ke koena.
I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻoweliweli ka nalu luku me ka tsunami a me ka megatsunami. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia mau mea kūlohelohe e ka neʻe o ka nui o ka wai, i pili pinepine ʻia me nā loli tectonic a i ʻole ke komo ʻana o kahi mea nui i loko o ka wai. E pau mau a ka moku ʻo Tsunamis ma ke kahakai kahakai a me ke kahakai pū, a i waena o ka moana, ʻaʻohe pōʻino.
Piʻi ʻia ʻo nā ʻino Monster mai ke kahakai, a kū pololei ma ke ʻano o ke koena o ka wai, hiki ke mālie.
ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka mea, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema aia nō kekahi o nā nalu ʻenemi hewa, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano hollows. Hiki i ko lākou hohonu ke lilo i kapalua i ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaila keʻokeʻo nui loa. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona i nā wahi he nui ka hiki ke neʻe o ka neʻe, no ka laʻana, i nā optics.
Nā kumu kūpono o nā nalu ʻikepili
I kēia mau lā, hoʻomau ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻānō e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka make ʻana o nā nalu make. He paʻakikī ka ʻano o ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou me ka ʻike ʻole o kēlā mau nalu i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO nā mea hou wale nō naʻe i holomua nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kokoke i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau.
Akā e hoʻi hou i nā ʻānela e pili ana i ke kumu o nā neʻe o nā kahe. Ma hope o ka loiloi i ka ʻikepili i nā wahi i ʻike pinepine ʻia ai kēia ʻano, ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻepekema i ka maʻamau o nā nū ʻā i ka wahi i loaʻa i ke ala o ka neʻe ka neʻe o ka nalu.
ʻO ka manawa, hana kēia i nā nalu ua pōkole, akā i ka manawa like he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole e like me, no ka laʻana, ka Bermuda Triangle, ke kahakai hema o ʻApika a me ke Komohana Atlantika ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Gulf Stream.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia e ʻike ʻia nā nalu make, i loko o nā loko, no ka laʻana, ma Lake Superior, no laila ʻaʻole kēia ke kumu wale nō.
Nā ʻolike ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka difraction focus, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i kekahi mau nalu liʻiliʻi i loko o kekahi nui ma muli o nā hiʻona o ka miki o ka papahele kai.
Hiki nō hoʻi ke kūleʻa nā nū ʻula keʻokeʻo ma ke alaka o ka pāpū a me ka nalu nui. Hoʻopili ka hope i ka ikaika o ka mea mua, akā ma muli o ke hopena i hoʻololi i kona ʻano. ʻO kekahi mea e like e like me ka ʻōmole ʻole linear - nā ʻanā neʻe nui o ka nalu a hoʻōki i ke kahe o nā nalu liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke, e lilo ana i mea nui ʻo ia.
Eia kekahi mau papahana ʻē aʻe, akā āpau nā mea āpau i ka hōʻoia a me ka hōʻoia, no laila ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā nalu luku luku i kēia lā.
Pūnaewele puna nui
Kīwaha Spider i hopu i ke kūlanakauhale o Iwizumi, Iapana. Hema lōʻihi 3 mika, kui 30 cm.
ʻAe, ʻo nā mahele spider kekahi o nā arthropod nui loa e noho nei - pono, e hoʻoponopono iā ʻoe iho: ma kahi o ke kanaha kumamalima mau kenimika ka cephalothorax a, hop ... ʻekolu mau pā hale ākea ... Kaki, aloha. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe a pau i ka hysteria mai ka lili. Aia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka 6 mau mika mika, a ʻewalu mau kenimita cephalothorax, akā ʻaʻohe palena o ka noʻonoʻo o nā lawaiʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau kīlapa wale nō nā mālamalama ola o ka genro Maciaheria kahiko, no laila ke haʻaheo nei lākou i ka inoa inoa ʻole o ka "mineral ola".
ʻO kēia mau leashas weliweli ʻo Iapana e kū mālie a mālie, e like me nā bipi pīpī. Lele aku lākou ma ka lihiʻeleʻele o ke kai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe - e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe holoi ʻana, hoʻāla i ke koena o nā mea kūlohelohe e hōʻiliʻili ai i laila, loaʻa ke kālā keu me nā ʻoka. ʻAʻole lākou e loli i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻulaʻula, mai huli i ko lākou mau maka i nā kumu, i loko o kahi huaʻōlelo, nā mea ʻakaʻaka akamai mai kahi ʻohana maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonani i kā lākou kālele, me ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala loaʻa kahi mea i ʻike ʻia, no laila e pili ana lākou i ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu lole.
Ok, no ke aha he mea hala? ʻEwalu mau wāwae! ʻĀ, ua kū ma mua ona ʻewalu mau wāwae, ma ke ala, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i helu aku nā helipili me nā claw-claw, ʻo kēia nā lima. Ma ke ala, he mea hoihoi ʻo ia i nā kāne ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae a ma mua o nā wāwae, a ʻo nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka pōkole. A me ka mea i loaʻa ʻole - ka maikaʻi, ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kekahi wahiʻu? A e hōʻoluʻolu i kāu hoʻomanaʻo - e nalo koke nā nīnau a pau.
Ma ke ala, ulu lākou i loko o nā monsters ʻekolu mau mika no ka lōʻihi a me ka mālie. Noho hoʻokahi ola lākou i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻole lākou e huli i ka sashimi, no laila ʻohea kahi e wikiwiki ai i kekahi mea? Akā hoʻohuli nā lua i ka sashimi a me nā kīʻaha kūloko a me nā mea i hōʻoluʻolu ʻia.
ʻO ke kaʻina spawning - ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻolalelale ʻana - he wā ia no nā kīpē hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, a ma ia manawa ke mau nei ka poʻe i ko lākou hanu a kū hoʻi i ka hopu ʻana iā lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā lākou gastronomic ponoʻī a nānā i kā lākou ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wahine, ʻaʻohe hala, e waiho i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua miliona hua, a ((e like me nā spiders, ma ke ala, eia kahi ʻano like ʻole) e hoʻopio iā lākou i ka ʻope / ʻope ona, hoʻoʻauʻi i kona mau wāwae me ka wai me ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana me ka oxygen. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pau ka hele ʻana o ka misionari a ka makuahine nona ka manawa i ke kū ʻana o ka plankton larva hope mai loko o ka hua - ma hope o kona ʻoki ʻana mai ka hale kiʻekiʻe ʻoiau ma ka hopena o ka mamo. ʻAʻole nā wāwae a mākia ʻo Malyavki, a pānaʻi i ke ʻano o kahi pākuʻi a hiki i ko lāua loaʻa ʻelua. A laila e kahakaha lākou i lalo a hiki i ka wā o ka pūhaka o waho a hiki i ka ʻōpio ʻōpio ke hōʻike iā ia i loko o kona nani a pau.
I ke pio ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i pānākau loa no ka nui, a no ka mea makemake lākou ke noho i ke aho o nā kekona he ʻumi, a no ka mea he maʻamau lākou. Akā inā inā ma kou ʻāina ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka mea hoʻonaʻauao liʻiliʻi no kekahi mau lita, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi iā ʻoe iho i kahi holoholona momona maoli, i kekahi manawa, e kāʻei iā ia ma waena o kou mau maka a hoʻoweliweli i nā malihini e noho ʻole ʻole ana ..
10 mau mea hoihoi e alo nei
E poina e pili ana iā Mars. Pono hohonu a loaʻa iā ʻoe iho i kahi papa honua ʻē aʻe. Mahele hohonu he mau mea kahiko ma mua o nā dinosaurs kahiko a me nā nahele.
ʻOiai he ʻike maikaʻi loa nā poʻe ʻokoʻa, ke alo nei nō lākou i nā kūlana e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei, e like me nā kahawai a me nā kohola i ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole. Akā aia kekahi mau mākaʻi e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou iho, e hoʻopakele ana i nā mea āpau - mai nā iʻa nui loa o ka honua a i kekahi o nā mea nui loa.
10. He pōpō hoʻonani maikaʻi
I ka wā e kipa hou aku ai ʻo Emerik Benhalassa i kahi pūnaewele hoʻoluhi ma kahi kokoke i Bali, ua pihi ʻo ia i kekahi pō nani. Nānā ka mea ʻē i ke ʻano, akā ua ʻike mua nā ʻepekema no lākou no kekahi manawa. ʻO kā lākou inoa maikaʻi loa - nudibranch.
ʻO kēia mau mea līlū lima he mau ʻāpana kai. Hoʻonohonoho nā kala mai ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a hiki i ka tan, he mau kino lōʻihi lākou me nā hepili like-wāwae a me nā pōkole ma mua o nā poʻo. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano maʻamau, ʻo Melibe viridis, he ʻano maʻamau o ka nudibranch. ʻO ka mea i hana kaulana ai ka mea kākau i kahi hanana maʻamau o ka hānai.
Loaʻa iā Nudibranchs kahi kaʻina hana e kū nei i ka ʻike haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou poʻo i kahi ʻupena, e pālahalaha ana ma luna o ke kai. Aia nā poʻomanaʻo o nā naʻau ma ke kaʻe. I ka wā e ʻike ai lākou i kahi ʻāpana a iʻa paha i ka ʻā, ua uhi ke poʻo gelatinous a hopu i ka waiwai pio.
9. ʻO ka pulu i ka nui o kahi kanaka
Ua huli ʻo Biologist Lizzie Daley i kahakai o Cornwall i United Kingdom. Makamae na poe e aloha pōpō nunui, ʻo Dan Abbott me ia. Hoʻokani kiʻi ʻia kahi mea kiʻi ma lalo o ka wai i kāna hālāwai me kahi mea i loaʻa.
ʻOiai e holo ana i ke komohana hema o ʻEnelani, ua ʻike ka kāne i ke ʻano o kahi iʻa mai loko mai o ka wai aniani. He poʻokela palu ia (Rhizostoma pulmo), kahi ʻano līlani ua kaulana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lā lawaia me kahi uhi no ka ʻōpala.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ia ka mea ʻo ia "poʻo" i like. Ma hope o kahi kīwaha nui e hohola ana i nā hale mānoanoa ʻewalu he hiki ke kīnā. ʻOiai ka mea i nui loa i ka United Kingdom, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka i ʻike ʻia no ka holoi ʻana i ka pehu. No nā poʻe hoʻonaʻauao, ʻo ka hālāwai ʻana ke ʻano o ka poʻomanaʻo i hele mai i loko o ke kai he luhi.
8. Ka haunaele hoʻomau
Ua ʻimi nā mea ʻelua i kahi kahe i waho o ke kahakai o ʻAigupita, i ka manawa i ʻike ai ua loaʻa kahi hāpona. He hana remora (pili ia). ʻO kēia mau mea ʻala i kahi ʻōpū-like kīʻī ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo a lākou e hoʻohana ai e hui pū me nā poʻe lehulehu nui. No laila, ʻaʻai ʻo Remora i nā hōʻoki a nā mea a ke kahu e hoʻomake nei ma kahi ala hewa.
No kēia kumu, makemake lākou e hoʻopili i nā lewa. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ʻUra mau ʻili e hoʻonā kaumaha i kekahi o nā mea ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hanana ma ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a paʻi ʻia ma 2017. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka iʻa a puni kekahi kanaka, ʻo "pecks" i kahi ʻapoʻope a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma muli o kahi pīhoihoi ke hoʻomau ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka āka.
ʻO kekahi remora o 0.3 a 0.9 m ka lōʻihi ka mea hūnā a pupū paha i ka hānai me ka pate. Ua ʻike ʻo Enric Sala, he mea noiʻi manu, i kekahi mau hihia like. ʻOiai ʻo ia e lawaiʻa ana ma kahi o Southern Line Island i ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia iā ia iho.
7. Ma lalo o ke kai
Ua loaʻa i nā poʻe maʻi nā ʻōpala kahiko i lalo o ka wai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa i ka diver no Pelekānia i kā ʻei aku i ke kai ma kahakai o Norfolk.
I ka 2015, ua hoʻokū ʻia ʻo Don Watson a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi kahi i littered ai ka moana me nā ʻaka nui. Ka mea, ua wao he 10,000 ʻokoʻa makahiki kēia.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka hopena makahiki i ka ʻike. Ua uhi i kahi nahele prehistoric mau tausani he ʻeka o kahi ʻāina i hoʻopili i ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina me Pelekānia Nui. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻāina ʻo Doggerland, a ua manaʻo ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa e hāpai ʻia e nā lawaiʻa e noho ʻia e nā ʻōpili a me nā mea hopu.
Ma kahi o 10,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻea nā ululāʻau i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe loa, e hāʻawi ana i nā manawa kūpono no ka hopu ʻana, i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. I kēia lā, ʻoliʻoli nā oaks i kahi ʻano like o nā mea kūʻai aku. Nui nā ʻano o ke kai kai e noho nei i kēia manawa i ka nahele like me kahi kahe.
6. E mālama i ka iʻa hedgehog
ʻAiʻa pinepine ka iʻa me ka iʻa ʻīlele Hedgehog me ka iʻa ʻīlio. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu. Ma ka like like me ka iʻa ʻīlio, hoʻāla ʻia ka iʻa hedgehog i loko o nā huakaʻi comical a pēlā ʻole ka luku ʻana o ka mea make. ʻO lākou kekahi i nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi i ke kino o ke kino a me ka mea hoʻōhooʻi makein tetrodotoxin i kekahi mau kino. Ma kahi o 1,200 mau manawa e ʻoi aku ai e make ma mua o ka cyanide, komo ka mea make i ko lākou kino.
No nā kumu ʻike, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻopili i ka iʻa hedgehog ola me nā lima hapa o lākou. Ua hoʻoulu hou ʻo Blog blogger Key Bole i kahi wikiō e hōʻike ana pehea e hana ai ka mane. Ua hele mai kekahi kanaka ma kahi iʻa hedgehog me ka paʻa nui i loko o kona waha.
Ua hopu ʻo ia i ka iʻa me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e hoʻohālikelike iā ia. Noho mālie ka mea ola me ka mālie a ʻaʻole i moʻa. Pane ke kala ʻia kēia manawa, no ka mea e hoʻokēʻē ʻia ka mākeke i ka ola o ka diver.
Ua kālele pono ke kāne. Akā i ka hopena, ua kiʻi ia i kekahi mauʻu sani - a ua pāheʻe ka iʻa hedgehog. ʻAʻole hopohopo, lawe aku ka ʻāwaehana i ka iʻa e ke poʻo e pale i nā pōkā, a hoʻokele lākou e hoʻoneʻe i ka māka.
5. Hoʻokili manu
I ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻike ka mea ʻokoʻa i kahi mea ʻē aʻe o ke kapakai o Australia. Ua like ia me kekahi ʻano mea like. He tubular, translucent a nui. ʻOi aku nō, hele pū mai.
Ua noʻonoʻo koke nā poʻe ʻalesikahi kipi i nā holoholona pohihihi, akā he ʻokoʻa ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ola loea. ʻAʻole he mea kue ka paipa, akā he kaula pala e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lālani o huaʻala. He ʻulaʻula ka mea hope, e like me ka lālau.
Maʻalahi ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka makua o ka palu piliona. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe kekahi, akā manaʻoʻiʻo nā poʻe ʻepekema i hana ʻia ka paipu e kahi puʻupuʻu pohihihi kila (Thysanoteuthis rhombus).
ʻO kēia mau mea nui i ke ʻano o nā mea kites ke noho me kā lākou poʻe hoa ola i ko lākou ola a pau, a kokoke kahi i kēia makahiki. Hiki mai ka makana o ka pao mai nā hua. ʻAʻole he mea i ʻike i ke kumu o ka flicker iā lākou, ʻoiai he mea i loaʻa ka mākeke ma ka ulia squid kūloko. Ma kahi noiʻi mua, ua hāmama ʻia nā hua manimana a ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa nā pōpoki pipi i nā maʻi pigment, no ka ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele.
4. Kahu Pale Tangled
I ka makahiki 2018, ua ao ka poʻe scuba i ka ʻ Hawaiianlelo Hawaiʻi i ka ʻāina a me nā waiwai kūlohelohe pilikia ka pilikia o ka kohola. ʻAʻole kēia he hana maʻalahi. ʻO nā ʻīlio pōpoki ʻaʻole wale nā iʻa nui loa ma ka lewa, akā ʻo nā holoholona lulu i hoʻopau ʻia nō hoʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻo Divers ua hoʻopili ʻia ka holoholona i kahi kaula, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ia.
Ma hope mai o kēlā makahiki, ua kipa ka ʻohana Hawaiʻi i ka moana e pili ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Lanai. ʻOiai he mau makahiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā iho o ka kohola, a ʻoliʻoli loa lākou i ka wā e ʻike ai i kahi wahine wahine ma kahi mamao loa.
ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o lākou e hoʻomaopopo ai ua hōʻeha koʻikoʻi ke poʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kaula kaula hohonu i ka pau loa pectoral a waiho i nā ʻeha ma kona kua.
No ka hoʻokuʻu i nā mangō, ua hana kona makuakāne i ʻelua mau minuke he ʻelua mau minuke i ka hohonu o 18 mika. Hōʻoluʻolu ka mālie o ka holoholona. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua neʻe aku ka pōʻai kohola i ka wā e hoʻopā ai, akā ua ʻae kahi i ke kanaka ke ʻike i ke kaula no ka hapalua hola, a hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia.
3. Ua hoʻouka ka koholā i ka kaila
Kuhi pinepine ʻia nā koholā Humpback i like me nā kānaka Kelemaka mālie. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka hapanui o ka ʻōlelo ola ʻo Nan Hauser, nona ka mau makahiki he 28 o ka lawehala.
I ka wa i lawaiʻa ai me kahi pūʻali ma Cook Island, hele maila kahi kohola nui nui iā Hauser. Ke kaupaona nei he 22,700 kg, he ʻano palupalu kekahi. Me he mea lā e paipai ana iā Hauser e kau ʻia ma luna o kona poʻo a peʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka moni pectoral nunui.
No nā 10 mau minuke, ua mālie kekahi o ka lāʻau ola. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka neʻe o ka kohola, akā, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui o ka nui i lilo i pōʻino. I kekahi manawa, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia i kahi wahine mai ka wai.
I ka holo hou ʻana, ʻike ʻo Hauser i ka maʻalahi ʻole o ke ʻano he ʻano haki a me ke kohola ikaika. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka koholā humpback ua hūnā i ka hiō ʻoka 4.6 mika ka loa. Aia kekahi kekona whale whale whale e pili ana i ka wai ma kahi o kahi mea kuke.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pahu i ka wā i mālama ʻia ai nā kohola humpback i nā sila me nā heihei o nā ʻano kohola ʻē aʻe mai nā kohola make. Inā he mau mea like ʻole kēia, eia ka hihia mua loa i ka wā i pale aku ai ka poʻe Repa i kahi kanaka mai ka weliweli.
2. He mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā papa ʻaina
Ma nā hohonu o ka moana kahi mea kupanaha mea. ʻO nā kaulele kaono wāwae e hele nui ana i ke kai ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka hapa nui o ka dinosaur. Ua ola nā manu, ʻo ia he 200 miliona mau makahiki, ua ola i ka hanana ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pupule ma ka Honua, ka Permian extinction e ola nei, he 4 wale nō nā mea ola a pau.
Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka loli a me ka pahuhopu o ka pua momona megalodon kaulana. ʻO nā kaulele ʻeono mau wāwae e kū nei i kēia manawa. Naturally, makemake nā mea noiʻi e noi i kēia mea kahiko, akā ʻo ko lākou wahi hohonu ka pilikia.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻoholo nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi make hohonu hohonu. Ua paʻi lākou i ka jackpot ma Bahamas. I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka ʻenehana a lalo o ke kai he 990 mika, ua hoʻokokoke aku nei ʻo ia i kahi ʻeʻe heʻeono ʻeʻeono. ʻO ka wahine lōʻihi lōʻihi o 4.9 mika ua pīhoihoi i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Nānā akula ʻo ia i ka poʻe noiʻi me kona mau maka uliuli nui a paʻi pono iā ia me ka ʻaoʻao.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kona ikaika iā ia i ka huki ʻana i ka mauʻu i hāʻawi ʻia ma waho o ka mea lawe lima a makaʻu i nā mea āpau i loko. Ua kokoke loa ia. Akā ma hope iho i kēlā pō, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi kāne ʻeono gill, a ua lilo ia i holoholona mua i loko o kahi kiʻi i kiʻi ʻia me kahi mākaʻi e ʻike ana mai kahi submarine.
1. He kahe i ʻeke ʻia i ka ʻona
He hemahema ʻo Cenote ma ka Penikala Yucatan Mekiko. Mai luna, e like me ka pūnāwai wai maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ka poʻe ʻokoʻa i he 30 mau mika he aniani ka ʻike. He puni ka pōkole weliweli, e hoʻopuni ana i ka muliwai ma nā kānana ma kahi o 3 mau mika.
ʻO kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e wiwo ʻole e hele i ka pua. ʻO ke ao he hydrogen sulfide ʻē aʻe a hāʻawi aku i ka disorientation nui loa i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai. He make ka wai inā hūnā. ʻAʻole kēia ka mea kūpono e nānā ai.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kapa ʻia ka muliwai i ka halocline. Loaʻa i nā Cenotes kahi kai a me ka wai hou. Ka wai kahawai i ka wā e hui ai a ʻaʻole hiki ke kāwili pū ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lahilahi.
ʻO nā wahi i hoʻohui maoli ai i hana i ka muliwai halocline, kahi kahawai ma lalo o ka wai kai akā ma luna o ka wai paʻakai. Mai ka nui o ka muliwai e pale ai i ka ʻōpala ʻana o ka nahele mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, e hana ka decompos i ka hydrogen sulfide, kahi e waiho nei ma ka kahe.
ʻEleʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele
ʻAʻole maikaʻi paha? Ke hele nei au ma ke ala hele i ka pōʻeleʻele, a ke ʻalo nei ʻo ia i ka mālamalama o ke kukui mai ka hale kūʻai. Ma waho o koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua kū wau, me he mea lā ua ʻike wau i kahi tweet. A eia, ʻo kekahi ʻihi. Hoʻomanaʻo wau i kēia lā, i kahi mau hola ma mua, i nā trays me ka iʻa iʻa. E like me kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻana, ua waiho ka iʻa a ua mau ka papaa. ʻAʻole au i waiho i nā pala. Ua huki au a lele aʻe e pili ana i ia a hiki i koʻu hale .. ʻĀnō e noho ana i ka waihona, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i ka helehelena, akā maopopo wau, ʻo ke Kaiʻula ʻo ia, ua pā lākou i ka bipi. A eia kēia. he aha ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala, nā mea ʻai, nā kūlana. Malia paha i hele mai kekahi ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Makemake wau e mālama i kēia pilikino Ryan.
ʻAʻole pono ia he pono, ʻoi aku ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua aku. E kūʻai iā ia i kahi tikaki iā Odessa nalo koke
Ua hoʻohehee ʻia he wai wai mai lalo iho o ka lumi o ka mīkini
Me ka halihali ʻana ma kahi o he 3,000 mauʻu, e hoʻokokoke ana mākou i ka puka mai ke Kai mai o Marmara a i nā Dardanelles. ʻO ke ahiahi kēkē hiki i ka wai wai mai kahi kai mai loko o ka wai o ka mīkini.
Aia i ka lumi mīkini, ʻelua ka lalo o ka pālua, akā ma laila ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonoho ai i nā ʻekahi wahie, nā māla aila, ʻōpuni aʻa kahi huakaʻi ʻokoʻa, hoʻokaʻawale ka wahie, a keu aku. A ma lalo wale nō o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mīkini, ʻaʻohe mākaʻi, lalo wale nō, maopopo ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kēia kaleka ma ka uhi o ka pahu.
A ma loko o ka hale mākou ka leaks mau nō - liʻiliʻi iki ke kahe (shhh - wale nō kēlā) ʻAe, e holoi wale i ka mīkini ʻeleʻele a me ka papahele me ka pauka - e ʻaualo paha ʻoe i ka wai e holo ana i ʻekolu papa o kahi pākolo? ʻAʻole loa - e ʻohi i kēia mau pauʻa ua hea ʻia ka pūnāwai bilge, ua kahe nā mea āpau ma laila, a mai laila mai ua pahu ʻia i loko o kahi pahu wai wai wai, nā ʻona o ka mīkini lua.
No ke aha mai? - ke hana nei ʻoe i kekahi hana e pili ana i ka huahele, e ʻōlelo, mai ka wai mai nā mīkini nui, akā he paila ʻūlū ʻūlū wale nō kahi wahi a pālahalaha loa a ʻeono mau pākēnū ʻewalu ewalu. Hiki iā ia ke pana wale ma waho o ke awa i ka mea hōʻiliʻili kūikawā, lawe lākou i kēia shmurdyak i nā wahi kūikawā kahi, me ke kōkua o nā mea hoʻokaʻawale centrifugal, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana aila, no laila maʻa hope lākou i hiki ai ke puhi ʻia i loko o nā mea puhi o kekahi lumi kāla. Eia hoʻi kekahi ʻoihana, e ke ala.
Akā i ka manawa e loaʻa aku ai ke awa, a na ka ʻokaʻī ʻana e kikī aku i ka mea ʻāʻī. Hōʻole loa ia e hoʻolei i nā ʻike o nā loko i loko o ke kai, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻōpū ebb e nā kohu kahakai.
ʻĀ, ke manaʻo nei ua hiki ʻole kēia pilikia? Hoʻoholo, akā ʻoluʻolu wau i ka iʻa hewa ʻole.
No laila, ma kā mākou "Sola" (me aʻu i hii ai ma ia mea, e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe) ʻaʻohe pūnāwai he ʻokoʻa, akā aia kahi ʻōpala kūwili liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā kalapu. Ma ka ʻōlelo mau, ʻo ia ka mea like me ka pahu mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i ʻaoʻao, kū wale nō mai luna mai, kahi a ke kahe o ka ʻala a pau. A ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ma mua o ka wahie a me nā hinu, a ma lalo o ka papa o ka aila ʻapē ma lalo e hiki ai i ka cofferdam, ka wai, ka hapa nui, ua kaʻi ka wai i nā makahiki he nui. He pala ʻole kēia lalo ʻana.
Aia kahi mau nuance: kahi pākēneka he ʻekolu kenimika ka lōʻihi, akā, ʻo wai lā e ʻike i ke ʻano o ke kala e kokoke ana, aia paha i nā aniani a pau paha kahi pepa palapala? E hoʻomaka ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka pipi i kēia lua, a e pōī a hoʻopau wale ʻia ʻoe ma ke ʻano wahi ʻole e lawa ʻole nā pīpī!
A inā hopu ʻia kahi ʻino ma kā Nīhia, hana nō hoʻi, e nā hoahānau?
No laila, hoʻoholo lākou e hoʻopili mālie i ka kāʻei pono mai ka pōpele ma laila, ʻīwili i nā ʻūhā, ʻōwili i ka ʻōlama ma luna o ka leakō, ke pō maikaʻi.
Akā mākou e hele nei ma ke aniani, ʻaʻole ia he mea e hiki iā mākou ke hele aʻaʻaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wikiwiki ma lalo o kekahi mau palena, e koho koke ʻia nā poʻe ʻekekele: he aha ka aha? hoʻonui i ka puʻe! Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻouna iā lākou i kahi kiko a lele ai i loko o kahi peni nani, ʻaʻole e hoʻohiolo ʻia ka kāpena.
ʻO nā poʻe kai moku he poʻe Turko pū kekahi me mākou, ua hōʻike koke ka pāpale i ke kūlana a ua haʻi koke ʻia ʻo ia i kahi e hoʻohuli ai i ka puka o ke kūaka.
I kahi manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia, lele mai kahi moku ʻōpala me nā mea scuba e holo mai iā mākou. Ua hele mai kahi pīkoi liʻiliʻi o Turks i kahi lole hao e ʻike i kahi o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻIke aku ʻoe i ka pō, ʻo ke kumu ma lalo o nā pūpū a me nā algae, hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kaʻe o kēlā ip, a me ke kukui. Akā he kanaka kūikawā - he kanaka āpau, ʻoiai he Turk. I ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūlana o ka lua e pili ana i nā palahalaha a me nā ʻōpala manu - nā mea e hele ana i luna a nui loa e ʻike ʻia, haʻalele ka diver a manawa koke ke pana ʻia ʻana kā mākou palahʻu i loko o ka lumi pūkaha, a ma ke kahawai o ka pūnāwai hou, ʻike hou ʻia ka mea paʻa o ka plaster.
Eia, e nānā i koʻu hiki ke wehewehe i nā huaʻōlelo pehea e hana ai ʻo ia :)
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ke koʻokoʻo ka mānoanoa o kahi manamana lima, e ʻōlelo, me kahi ʻoki lāʻau e ʻoki ʻia ma luna. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo, 20-25 kenimika lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao ākea o ka leka T. A pili ʻia ke kaila i mea e hiki ai iā ia ke neʻe i kahi mokulele, a laila lawe ka huaʻōlelo T i ke ʻano o ka leka I, akā i kahi puna kūikawā i hoʻohuli ʻia e huli hou i loko o T. a. ka ʻāpana, ʻo ka wāwae o ka leka, e hele ma kahi kekena o kahi pōpō mānoʻomaʻo nui me kahi anawaʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka lua i kahakaha ʻia a me ka pōpō keleawe, e hoʻokuʻi ana i ka huina a lalo. Hoʻopau ia me kahi ʻāpana.
Hoʻokomo mākou i ka leka i loko o ka lua, a i ka wā i hoʻopā ʻia ai ke kī i ke koʻokoʻo i loko o ke koʻokoʻo, e hoʻi hou ka pūnāwai i ia i ke kūlana kūlana. E kau ka pale ʻana ma lalo mai loko aʻe o ka hihia, a ʻoki ʻia ke ʻōpū hele i waho e hoʻomoʻi i ka disk o nā paona, a ma lalo o ka mea i pae ʻia, i lalo a i lalo. Loaʻa ka pahuhopu!
A ʻo kēia ka mea e nānā ai kēia polokalamu i ke kiʻi. Pehea wau e hana ai i ka wehewehe? :)
Nā kiʻi mai ka Pūnaewele
Akā, ʻo kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi hana kaʻawale, a hiki i ka derika.
P.S. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻoe i kahi ʻatikala, hōʻike ʻo Picabu i nā kope kope paha. Ma lalo o ke kiʻi me ka ʻulepā a me ka hare, ʻo wau iho kaʻu moʻolelo, i waiho no ka wā lōʻihi a ʻaʻole ma lalo o koʻu inoa. Ua haʻi a hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi wikiō ma luna o kā mākou moku pehea e hakakā nei lākou me nā leaka i ka pua. https://pikabu.ru/story/v_dnishche_sudna_obrazovalas_tech_vo.
ʻO nā hui o ke kai a me nā lawaiʻa hoʻohui.
Makemake e ʻike i nā mea āpau
ʻO ka ʻāina kahiki i ka ʻāpana polū ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema. I ʻEulopa, ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia holoholona i 1900. I kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi ākea o ka Baltic a me North Seas. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā moana Mediterranean a me Adriatic.
Noho ka uliuli ʻona nui i loko o nā hale waiwai a ma nā wai pāpū ma ka hohonu o ka 36 m, kahi hohonu i ka hoʻoilo. E makemake ʻo ia i ka lalo pākolo a me lalo.
Loaʻa ka ʻili polu o ka ʻāpana nui. Kuhi ka pahu i ka laulā o 10-20 kenimika a hana i kahi trapezoid ma hope. Aia nā kihi i nā pōkole koʻikoʻi e lilo i mālama maikaʻi loa i nā mea hoʻohilahila he nui, akā ʻaʻole mai nā kānaka.
ʻO ka pahu polu mau ʻelima mau wāwae o nā umauma. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōna mua o nā wāwae i ʻelua pihi ikaika a like me nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Haka ka hulihuhihi nunui puʻi e hōʻili i nā pōpoki, aʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻa i nā palu palupalu a hoʻouna i ka meaʻai i ka waha e wehe ai. Hoʻohālike ka ʻelima mau wāwae o ka wāwae no kahi kai moana a lawelawe no ka ʻauʻau. Hiki i nā palahaha polū ke hoʻolei aku i nā pani liʻiliʻi inā pilikia. A laila hiki i ka crab ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā wāwae i nalo.
Loaʻa nā kāne mai ka ʻōpio i kahi ʻili ma luna o ka ʻōpū.
Trapezoidal shell and hind legs flippers
ʻAʻole e like me nā kahe ma ka ʻāina, ma nā lawaiʻa he mau ʻāpana like ʻole ka wāwae o ka wāwae a like me nā ʻeke. Mahalo i nā mea he lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa o lākou.
ʻAno ke kala nui o ka ʻili, akā, i pihi ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae me nā ʻāpana. No kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, ʻoki ʻia ka crab i nā puaʻa kūikawā.
Aia nā maka maka ma nā wahi pōkole ma waho o ka maka mua o ka pahu kaloa ma ke poʻo. Ma waena o nā maka he ʻelua mau aniani pōkole a me ka liʻuliʻu.
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻili polū me ka croaker ʻulaʻula (Sciaenops ocellatus), ka pahu manu maʻamau (Micropogonias undulatus), nā kala kala ʻAmelika (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻōpū, a me nā ʻano honu moana.
E hoʻokūkū ka ʻāpana ʻaihue me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka meaʻai. ʻO kēia kahi hanahana. ʻO kāna hua ʻai kai e kūlohelohe ai nā mollusks, e like me ka laʻana, mussels, young crustaceans, iʻa, ʻehā, a me nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻowahāwahā i ka ʻai a pau. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai, nui ka holoholona i ka cannibalism.
Kūkulu maikaʻi ka puliki polū i ka makahiki he 12 a me 18 mahina. Hoʻokahi wahine ka wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ma hope koke o ka molting, ʻoi aku nā kāne male pinepine pinepine.
E like me nā crustaceans a pau, nā poli polū poloka i nā manawa āpau i ka wā o kona ola. Ma hope o ke hoʻoili ʻana, he palupalu ke kākele o ka wahine. Hoʻohana ka kāne i kēia manawa e mare me ka wahine. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke mālama i ka male kāne no ka makahiki hoʻokahi a hōʻomomo i ka hua i ka manawa kūpono no ia. Kuhii ʻia ma kahi o 2 mau mahina ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Clutch i 2 miliona mau huaʻai. Hoʻomaka ka Spawning i ka lā Dekemaba a hoʻopau i ʻOkakopa, me ke kaʻe kiʻekiʻe e ulu ana i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka wahine i ka hua, e lohi ʻia nā hua me ka sperm i mālama ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi ma kona mau ʻōpū.
Ma kahi o 14 lā mau lā. I loko o 2 mau mahina, holo nā ʻōpala planktonic i 8 mau ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano o nā umauma. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ka mea iʻa no ka iʻa a me nā mea manu ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana, hoʻi ka wahine i ka wai paʻakai, aʻo nā kāne i noho ma nā waha o nā kahawai.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ke hū nā ʻūhā i nā ʻōpala a i nā lau nahele paha e kiaʻi ai i ka mea i pio a mālama iā lākou iho i nā ʻenemi. ʻOi aku ka polu polu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
He palaʻoniʻu ka polu polū. Aia a hiki i ka 60s o ka makahiki 20, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā wai o ke Kaiʻula. ʻO ka wahi i hānau ai kēia kapakai ko ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Mai laila mai, i nā makahiki mua o ka 1960, ʻo ia, a me nā wai wai o nā moku, ua hele mua i loko o ke kai Mediterranean, a ma laila ʻo ia i hele mai ai iā mākou. Ma ke ʻano like nō ʻo ia e hele ai a puni ka honua. I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa i nā wai o Nova Scotia a me ʻAmelika.
He palaʻoniʻu ka polu polū. Hele mai ʻo ia iā mākou mai ka kahakai hikina o ʻAmelika.
Ma luna o ka hapa haneli o ka noho ʻana o ke Kai Kūʻai, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o kona heluna kanaka. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka wai mahana a me kā mākou wai o 5-7 ° C i ka hoʻoilo i huli i ka hoʻoilo no ka mea haʻahaʻa loa ia.
Pono nā ipu ʻōpio i kahi mahana wai 15 a 30 ° C. Hiki i nā holoholonaʻelemakule ke ʻae i nā wela o ka wai a hiki i ka 10 ° C. Ke koi nei nā lolo, ʻaʻole e like me nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā pākeke, ke koi o ka paʻakai maʻamau, ʻaʻole i ʻae i nā waiwai i lalo o 20 ° C.
Māpana i nā kihi o nā kihi
Ma nā'āina he nui o ka honua, uaʻai ʻole ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula, me ka paʻakikī no ka kuke ʻono. Akā no ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka lawaiʻa nui no kēia crustacean ma Maryland. Akā, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i lawa ka ʻai o nā polapula uliuli no ka poʻe āpau, no laila, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi ʻole kēia.
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema:
Pūnaewele: Eukaryotes
Aupuni: Nā holoholona
He ʻano: Nā ʻĀpōpona
Kākau: ʻO nā pāka kiʻekiʻe
Hoʻokomo ʻia: Nā Poloka
Ohana: Kūʻai kala
Kaukaʻikaʻi: Kāhea ʻia
Ka nānā ʻana: Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896))