Ua ʻike ka nui o nā poʻe i ka ʻōlelo ʻūkā Lūkini "he manu ma nā lima ma mua o ka māka i ka lewa."
ʻOiai ka nui o ka noho ʻana o ka piliona ʻōiwi, ʻike nui ʻia kekahi wahi nui ma nā wahi āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka pālahalaha nui o kēia ʻano meaola, ua ʻike ʻia kēia manu "kanaka" - kahi mamao a pau loa. No laila, ʻĀnō e ʻike kākou i ka ʻāpana.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka kala
ʻOi ka nui o ka tit nui nui a i ka ʻāpana lōʻihi. Ma ka nui o kona kino, hoʻomanaʻo kēia manu i ka sparrow i aloha ʻia.
I ka hapa nui, ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma waena o 13 a 17 cm, ka nui o ka manu he 14-21 g, a me nā eheu i ka wā o nā huakaʻi he 22-26 cm.
He kaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā luna o luna, a pulu ka lalo, ka ʻula a me nā ʻēheu i poni ʻia i loko o nā mālamalama hina-hina. Ma nā hulu ʻili huluhulu, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i nā lei wahine, ʻānō i hoʻopiha ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻao i nā lei manawaleʻe keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka peʻe o kēia ʻano manu e ʻike ʻia me kahi māno ʻono ʻeleʻele e hiki aku ai i ka pae maka, he wahi mālamalama ma ka wahi o ke poʻo o ke poʻo, nā māpana ʻula e lei ʻia me ka ʻula ʻulaʻula, kahi wahi poʻo pōkole a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka umauma, ka ʻōpū a me ka hana i ke ʻano o ka "kaula" poni.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kāne. He ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio me ka liʻiliʻi iki o nā ʻāpana like, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻulaʻula melemele o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e ka palena ʻeleʻele mai ka ʻaoʻao umauma.
Ke noho maʻamau
Hoʻopau like ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā tits no ka hapanui o nā subspecies. He nui nā pakanikau o kēia mau manu i kūʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia i kekahi no kekahi mau makahiki. Aia nā kukuna noho a me nā hale noho manuahi ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu i kēlā me ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,5 a 5 mm mai ka lepo, akā i ka hala ʻole o kahi hakahaka, hiki nō i ka titmouse ke pū kekahi pū i loko o nā lua.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā hollows, hiki i nā kahe nui ke hoʻopau i nā nāhelehele huna i nā manu ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka hemo a me ka nui loa o nā hāmeʻe i hoʻopau ʻia i nā flycatcher e waiho ʻia ma ka pūnana.
Komo ka wahine i ka hana ʻana i ka pili; ʻaʻole komo ke kāne i ka ʻimi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka pili. Hoʻopaʻa, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, 9-12 huaʻai. Noho ka wahine i kahi a pau i ka lā āpau, e pale pinepine aku i nā poʻe nā mea wīwī me ka beak ikaika a me nā kani nui.
Hoʻokomo kahi hoʻokahi i ka pipi i ka 2 mau makahiki i kēia makahiki.ʻO kēia ʻano manu e hōʻiliʻili i ka lāʻau fodder no ka hoʻoilo, akā inā hiki, ʻoluʻolu e loaʻa nā lālā o nā manu ʻē aʻe me ka leʻaleʻa.
Mea ʻai
I ka wā mālama, e ʻimi nui nei nā ʻumi nui i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou mau puʻuwai, e hoʻopau ana i ka ʻona o ka liona o nā ululāʻau a me nā palaʻai. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpio a nā kukuna liʻiliʻi a me nā wī hua.
I ka hoʻoilo a ke hoʻoilo, hoʻohuli wale nā kāmeʻa nui i nā ʻano lāʻau kanu. ʻO ke kumu o kaʻai o kēia mau manu i ka hoʻoilo he rye mau hua, nā hua o ka lūlū o ka palaoa, ka palaoa a me nā oats.
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki i nā manu ke komo i kēia mau mea kanu i ka pili ʻana i ka hānai ʻana i hana ʻia e nā kānaka. Ma ke kokoke ʻana i nā wahi noho o ke kanaka, hiki nō hoʻi i ka ʻeke ke hauʻoli hou i nā mea momona aʻai ʻole, ke kīkī a iʻa aʻe paha.
I ka nohona kūlohelohe, titmouse forage ma ka lei o nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Ke loaʻa ʻole o ka hau, ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i kekahi mea e loaʻa ai ke loaʻa ʻana mai ka pā o ka lepo. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau komohana o Rūsia, ma ke ʻano he māla ma loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka tit, ua koho ʻia nā hua lāʻau ʻoi loa nā pua a me nā nāhelehele nā lākou iho.
I ka lilo ʻole o ka nui o nā hua, kani pinepine nā ʻōpio nui i nā manu liʻiliʻi a nawaliwali. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana mai i nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka lawehala, akā e mālama pono i ka hele ʻana o nā mea hānai mua i mua!
Inā loaʻa ka nui o ka ʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea nui ke nānā he ola no kahi o 15 mau makahiki. Akā, i ka mea maoli, ʻo kahi hapakolu wale o nā tits e noho ana i kahi kaona kūlaki e ola i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
Ma kēia mea ua pau mākou. E like me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka kahawai!
Ara parrot
Palapala inoa Latin: | Parusua |
Pelekane Pelekane: | ʻTitlelo Tomatua |
Aupuni: | Nā holoholona |
Kahi: | Kiʻi |
Kākau: | Nā manu |
Hoʻokomo ʻia: | Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana |
Ohana: | Tit |
Kaukaʻikaʻi: | ʻItslelo |
ʻO ka lōʻihi kino: | 15-20 cm |
Ke loa lōʻihi | 6-8 cm |
Nā Wingspan: | 26 cm |
Ke kaumaha: | 14-20 g |
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
He paʻakikī loa kēia prankster e noho ma kahi hoʻokahi. ʻO ke neʻe mau nei ʻo ia. ʻO nā mea kātetentious nā mea hana. ʻO kēia kahi ʻohana manu i ʻike ʻole i ke ʻano o ka minamina.
I ka dexterity a me ka pīneʻe i kā lākou noho ʻole ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kekahi mea i ʻoi loa o ka mana o ko lākou mau hoahānau. No ka laʻana, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma luna o kekahi wahi. Loaʻa kēia ʻano hoʻopunipuni i ka ʻāpana me ke kōkua o kona mau wāwae ikaika a paʻa.
Ua kōkua nā wāwae like iā ia e ola inā mamao loa kāna nīnū. Hoʻopili iki ʻia ka titela i kahi lālā a hiamoe hiamoe. I kēia mau manawa, like ia me kahi pōkole liilii liʻiliʻi. Mālama kēia pale i ka manu mai nā hau maloʻo loa.
Mai kēlā me kēia ʻano kipi hiʻona wale nō hiʻohiʻona. ^ E Ha yM. Akā, hui pū lākou a pau e ka plumage nani, kuhi maikaʻi ʻole a me ke mele mele. He aloha ia i ka pilikia o ke ao nei, ʻaʻole pono ka manu a pau e ola a hiki i ka pūnāwai e hōʻike iā mākou i kēia mua. ʻO kekahi o lākou ʻaʻole e kū i kahi palupalu.
ʻO nā ʻike he palapala kauoha maoli o ke ʻano. Hoʻopau lākou i nā mea maikaʻiʻino a hoʻopakele i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻo kekahi ʻohana o nā huaʻai i mea e hānai ai i kā lākou poʻe keiki i hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pōpoki ma mua o 40 mau lāʻau.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano a me ka hauʻoli o ka titmouse. I ka wā ulu, lilo lākou i hewa, ʻoluʻolu a me nā mea hana ʻino i ka wā i loaʻa ai kā lākou hua. Mālama lākou i kā lākou ʻāina me ka ikaika a me ka makaʻu ʻole.
Kūpono ʻia ka lawehala ma nā manu i hoʻokahi makahiki. I mea e kūkulu ai i kahi pāheu no lākou iho, aia nā loiloi i ka puʻuwai ma nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā manu hona a nā manu ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa pinepine, noho lākou i loko o nā hale noho lāʻau wīwī. ʻAʻole wale, akā aia kekahi ʻano o nā kīʻahaʻaʻole palaualelo a hōʻino wale i kahi waihona i nalo no kā lākou huki me kā lākou hana.
Hoʻohana ka kāne male i ka insulasi home. Hāʻawi wale ʻia kā lākou mau kuleana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka wahine e lawe i ka hulu a me ka huluhulu i ka uwapo hou, a lawe ʻia ke kāne i nā mea waiwai nui - moss a lichen.
Hōʻike manu
ʻO kahi songbird liʻiliʻi a ola kahi mele kahi e ʻike ʻia e kona ʻōpū-lemon melemele ʻulaʻula me kahi kaula ākea ka lōʻihi, nā pelepele ʻeleʻele o kona poʻo me nā pāpālina keʻokeʻo a me kahi ʻehā-hina a ʻehā hoʻi a me nā ʻēheu. He manu kiki iki nā manu, i ʻulu ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao a me nā limu a maikaʻi loa i ko lākou mau wāwae.
Aia no ka nui, ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpī ma mua o nā kīnaka, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ia mai o lākou i kā lākou ʻoihana ʻeha. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e hiki i ka 15-20 cm, ʻo ka huina mai 14 a 20 20 g, ʻo nā ʻēheu a hiki i 26 cm.
Aia nā mele mele i pili i nā palapala Passeriformes, ka ʻohana titmouse a me ka titmouse genus. I nā wā maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻepekema i ka titmouse o nā manu like ʻole, no ka laʻana, azores. Eia nō naʻe, ʻānō nā 4 nui o nā huaʻehā he ʻano nui (hina nui, hina, hikina, green-back) a me kā lākou subspecies.
ʻO nā mea ʻai
Hōʻie nā Tits i ka meaʻai, kahi ʻano no ko lākou mālama i ka home. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai ka hoʻokō.
I ke kauwela, i ka wā nīnū a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, ua hānai nui nā kīpē i ka holoholona hānai: nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, kā lākou pili (mauʻu, nā lele, nā alapine, nā namu, nā pōʻai, nā manu, nā aphids). Ma ka manawa like, nā manu e ʻai i ka nui o nā ululā pōpoki, ʻohi iā lākou mai lalo aʻe o ka ʻuʻi o nā kumulāʻau, no laila kapa pinepine lākou i nā ʻōlima o ka nahele. E hānai nā mākua i kā lākou mau pīkī me nā ʻōpala o nā pipi.
Akā i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, hoʻoilina nui ka titmouse i ka meaʻai kanu a me nā ʻano mea kanu (me ka puna, nā pine, birch, linden, ka lehu mauna, elderberry). ʻO ia ke kumu e lilo nei nā māka i nā kaila i hele i nā kānaka e hānai. Ma ke ala, i nā kuala maloʻo, pono nā manu i nā meaʻai palupalu, no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu i make i ka pōloli.
Kāleka
He manu e neʻe ana. I ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hapa nui loa - e pili ana i ka nui o ka manu, he ʻona lōʻihi. Lā 13-17 cm, ke kaupaona 14-21 g, nā wingpan 22-26 cm. He wahi ʻalani ia i waena o nā manu ʻē aʻe i waho me ka ʻono ʻā ana i ulana ia me ka "kaula" - kahi ʻāpana ākea mai ka umauma a i ka huelo. ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo, a i ʻole ka pāpale, ʻeleʻele me ka pua metallic aisa. Ke keʻokeʻo nā pipi. Aia kahi ʻāpana uliuli-ma ke kua o ke poʻo. Aia ka ʻāʻī o kahi lei aia kahi pōpōʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻāʻī a me ka umauma kahi ʻalā liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka maiʻa. He ʻeleʻele-uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha ke kua me kahi ʻoliva liʻiliʻi i luna o nā poʻohiwi, nā ʻēheu a me ka huʻu he ʻalaʻili. Ma nā pāpale he ʻekolu nui loa he mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e hui pū ana i kahi ʻōuli kukui keokeo. Kahi ʻia ke ʻano leʻe manu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻēheu.
Hoʻohālikelike ka wahine i nā kāne, akā ma ka laulā ua palupalu lākou - nā kala ʻeleʻele i ke poʻo a me ka umauma i kahi pale o ka mākaʻi, nā kolo a me ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele i ka ʻōpū i ʻōpū iki a hiki i kekahi mau pilikia. ʻO ka palena ma luna o nā uhi i luna a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka uliuli-hina iʻoi aku i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo-uliuli i nā kāne. ʻAi ʻia ka hana. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio e like pū me nā wahine, akā naʻe, he ʻulaʻula a brownish paha ka pāpale i ka ʻihi o ke poʻo, a liʻiliʻi a laha wale ka ʻili. He ʻano nui o ka ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano manu - aia ma mua o 30 mau subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā aniani o ke kala o ke kua, ua ʻuhihi, ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao, nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo ma ka hoʻokele. Eia kekahi, he hōʻike i nā subspecies i hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa kūwaliwali.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
I loko o nā hipa o nā manu o nā ʻehā mau ʻano i hoʻomāhū ʻia, ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka nano i hoʻomaka e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hua. I loko o kēia manawa, huli lākou mai nā mea leʻaleʻa i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a manuahi.
Ua kali ʻo Mom titite i ka nānā ʻana o nā moa
Ano, pono lākou e mālama ʻaʻole wale iā lākou iho, akā no kā lākou mau hanauna no hope aku. ʻO ka maʻa pinepine ma kahi o nā hua 15 i ʻoki ʻia. ʻO nā hua o nā hiʻona he maʻalahi no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ua pīpī ʻia lākou me nā pona ʻulaʻula, kahi ʻano lāʻau like ʻole ma ka hopena o ka ʻalaʻī o ka hua manu.
ʻElua mau hua kau ʻana ma kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka manawa mua loa ma ka hopena o ʻApelila, kahi kokoke ka lua ma ke waena o ke kauwela. Pono ia 13 lā e hatch hua hua. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia pilikia e ka wahine wale nō. ʻO ka hoa hana i kēia manawa ke mālama nei ʻaʻole ia e pōloli.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā moa pēpē, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka nisa no kekahi mau lā ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i kāna mau pēpē. I kēia manawa āpau, mālama pono ke kāne i kāna ʻohana, mālama iā lākou i ka meaʻai a pale iā lākou mai nā ʻenemi.
16 pono nā lā no nā pīkoi i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa piha, kū i ka leheu a hoʻomākaukau no kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. A ma 10 mahina mau makahiki ua mākaukau nā keikikāne e hana hou iā lākou iho. Noho ke ola no kahi o 15 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka wehewehe Tit
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "tit" i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka inoa ʻo "ʻulaʻula", no laila, pili pili ia i ke kala o ka manu, ʻo Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), nona ka huaʻōlelo o nā ʻano. Nui nā ʻano holoholona i lilo i ka ʻatikala maoli i kēia manawa i ka māhele ʻē aʻe: Sittiparus, Machlolophus, Periarus, Melaniparus, Pseudopodoces, gaits (Poecile) a me nā poloka uliuli (Cyanistes).
Ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o nā ʻāpana
ʻAʻole maopopo ka nui manu lele titrat a i ole. ^ E Ha yM. Akā he kanaka noho mau kēia o ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale.
Ma loko wale nō o ka pōloli nui i ka hau malulu ua neʻe ka ʻohana i nā wahi i mea e makemake ʻia no ke ola ʻana.
Aia koke mai ka hauna mua o ka lā, hoʻi i Pepeluali, a hoʻomaka mua ka titmhouse manu e hauʻoli i nā kānaka me kā lākou twitter.
Mele Tit ke kani ʻana a ua like ia me nā kakaka jingle. "Qi-qi-pi, in-chi-in-chi" - a i hoʻolaha ʻia, - "ʻo ka pin-pin-hrrrzh" e hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe noho o nā kūlanakauhale e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wai.
ʻLelo lākou e pili ana i ka titmouse, e pili ana i ka luna mele o ka puna. I ka manawa mahana, lilo ka mele i haʻahaʻa a me ka mele: "Zin-zi-ver, zin-zin".
Lohe ʻoe i ka leo o kahi manu manu
He hoahele mau kēia ʻano o ke kanaka, kahi e ola ai ka titmouse i nā ululāʻau a me nā paka o nā kūlanakauhale nui.
He mea hoihoi loa ia ke nānā i ke ʻano o kāna hana ʻana. titmouse ma ka lewa. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kāna lele lele ʻo ka ʻepekema o ke lele holo wikiwiki a ma ka manawa like e hoʻopakele i ka ikehu, hoʻomaikaʻi wale ʻia ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana aʻoaʻo.
Huli nā ʻōheu o nā ʻēheu i kekahi mau manawa - i kau ka manu ma ka lewa, a laila e like me ka mea e kahakū ana i lalo, e wehewehe ana i nā ʻōmole hāmeʻa i ka lewa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā mau holo mokulele, akā mālama pū lākou i ka maneuver i loko o ka hoʻomalu.
Noho kahi e noho ai
ʻO nā ʻōpū maʻamau - nā titela nui - hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi a pau ma Eurasia a hiki i ka ʻĀkau komohana. Noho kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi - ma nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa o Asia.
Pono ke aloha e noho i nā kihi o nā ululāʻau poʻokela a kokoke paha i kahi alo i nā wahi ākea a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hopohopo nā manu i ka poʻe a me ka hauʻoli e noho nei i nā māla a me nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale.
He tit nui a nui paha
ʻO kēia ʻano ka helu nui loa me ka huelo lōʻihi. He kohu pua nani kona: he tummy melemele me kahi “kaula” uliuli, kahi pāpale uliuli a me ka hulu ʻeleʻele, nā pāpale keʻokeʻo a me kahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma ke kua o ke poʻo. He kaula ʻeleʻele e ka ʻāʻī o ke kanaka nui. He ʻeleʻele-uliuli a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ke kua. ʻO ka plumage o nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo - i nā kala poloke. Ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e nā pua ʻālea-ʻōpala o ke poʻo.
Nā mele
ʻO ka titona nui kahi waiwai repertoire leo - ʻike nā poʻe loea i kahi 40 mau ʻano o nā kani i hana ai. Eia nō kekahi, hoʻokahi a hiki i ka mea like hoʻokahi e hiki ke hoʻololi i waena o nā ʻekolu a ʻelima mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa i ke mele, ka manawa, kahi pilina kūpono o nā leo a me ka helu o nā syllables. Hana ikaika ke kāne, ke mele ʻana ma ka hapanui o ka makahiki, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hopena o ke aloha a me ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke mele, he leo nui loa ia "qi-qi-qi-pi", "ying-chi-ying-chi", he hāmiʻaka nui ke kani "pin-pin-hrrrzh". I ka pūnāwai, ʻo ke mele mele mele "zin-zi-ver", "zin-zin". E walaʻau ana ʻo ia me ka ʻūlū ʻana, a hoʻomaka i kahi kāhea leo nui: "pin-pin-pin", e like me ka finch, a laila makaʻu ka ʻūhā: "pin-tarara" a hana hou i kāna mau kuhi ʻelua mau me ka nui o nā intonations. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, kahi mai ka lā o Pepeluali, lilo ʻo tits nui i ola. I ka lalamā, ua lohe ʻia nā mea kani ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o lākou - ke kani ʻana i ke kani ʻana ke kani ʻana paha i kekahi manawa "ke kani ʻana". ) He pākia kūloko kēlā me kēia mele. I kēlā me kēia lā, ulu nui kēia mau mele i ka wā lōʻihi, me ka ʻoluʻolu me ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou kumu. He like a chirping ka chaffinch, akā i ka tit, he sonorous i hui pū ʻia. Hoʻokani pinepine ke mele i ka wā e kamaʻilio pū ai ma waena o nā lālā, a i ʻole a ʻoliʻoli kekahi manu. Ma kahi o nā mele mele maoli, aia kekahi mele i kapa ʻia nā mele mele - melodic ka leo twitter, "purr", i hana pinepine ʻia i Pepeluali a i ʻole Malaki.
Kelekona tit
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka titina hina hina i kahi tummy keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Ma ke poʻo, loaʻa i nā manu kekahi pāpale ʻano ʻulaʻula me kahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me nā pāpālina. ʻO ka plumage o nā eheu i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka mea ʻoniʻula kala. Noho ka ʻumi hina ma Asia.
Mālama
E ʻae ʻia ma Eurasia ma luna mai o ke komohana a hiki i ka hikina, a me ʻĀpana komohana ʻia. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi ma aneane o ʻEulopa, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o Islandia a me ka alualu ʻole ʻia o ka ʻoni ʻākau o Scandinavia, ka Kola Peninsula o Lūkia. Ma ʻ Asiasia, aia i ka nūnū ʻia a me nā wahi polike o Siberia, ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi neoneo o Central and Central Asia, ma ka Middle East hema o Israel, Syria a me Iraq ʻĀkau. Ma Scandinavia a me Finlandia, piʻi maila ka ʻākau i 68 ° C. w lu. Ua kaulana ia ma ka hikina ma ke kaona o Arkhangelsk, kūkaʻi ma ka hikina i luna o ka Pechora. Ma nā kīʻaha o Ob, Yenisei a i ke awāwa ʻo Lena, ʻaʻole ia e hele mai i ka ʻākau o ka kuʻina 61st.Ma waho o ka ʻāina nui, ua kaulana ʻia ma ka Pelekane, Balearic, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete a me nā mokupuni Aegean ʻo Kiprao.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka Titmouse kahi ʻohana o kahi moʻomeheu nui. ʻO lākou nā mākaʻi nui loa o nā kauoha Passeriformes. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki i ka ʻumikumamālima kenimika. I ka wā ma mua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka inoa "titmouse." Ua kapa ʻia nā manu no ka mele mele o ke holoholona, me he mea lā he "zin-zin". I hoʻokahi wale nō ma hope mai, loaʻa i nā manu ko lākou inoa i kēia manawa, e hele mai ana mai nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano o ka plumage. ʻO ka inoa "tit" i nā lehulehu he mau iwi Slavic i kani like a like like.
Ke manaʻo nui ʻia kēia mau manu ʻuʻuku nui. No laila, aia kekahi kauoha no King Louis o Bavaria, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka kenekulia ʻumikumamāhā, e kīʻaha ana i ka pāpā paʻa loa i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā tits. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau manu e hiki ʻole ke ʻimi iā lākou. Ua ola ke kānāwai a hiki i kēia lā.
I kēia manawa, aia ka huaʻā o nā hua i ʻehā mau ʻano nui, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi nui o nā subspecies:
- hina ʻula. ʻO kona ʻokoʻa nui ka laulā ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū - hina a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO ke kanaka maoli o kēia manu ka ʻāina a puni ʻo ʻAsia,
- kanaka nui. ʻO kēia ka manu nui loa o ka ʻano hanana. He ʻano ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu loa kēlā mau manu: ka ʻōpū melemele, ʻeleʻele "ʻili", nā ʻulaʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka pala ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā ʻīlio nui kekahi. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma waena o Eurasia,
- uliuli hope. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia mau manu e ka ʻoliva ʻoliu o ka huelo, nā ʻēheu, kahi ʻōpala o ka ʻōpū,
- hikina. I ka nānā aku ʻana ke ʻano o ka mea hina ke ʻano nā holoholona. He ʻuʻu hina kona, akā e noho ana ʻo ia ma Sakhalin, Iapani, ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka Far East. Loaʻa ia ma nā helu he nui ma nā Mokupuni o Kuril.
ʻAne kāne a me ka wahine: nā mea nui loa
Ua hōʻike palupalu ʻia ka dimorphism Sex i loko o nā ʻeke. ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he lula, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne, akā i ka laulā ākea nā kukuna kala. ʻO kekahi wahi kupaianaha: ʻo ke kala ʻumi lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū o nā manu i nā kāne i hoʻonui ʻia i ka huelo, a me nā wahine, ʻo ka hewa, e lilo ia i mau ʻaha. ʻO nā ʻōpala ʻōpio ʻē aʻe kekahi ʻokoʻa, me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula i lanakila ʻia i kona ʻalani ʻoniʻoni.
Me nā ʻike o nā kīʻaha ma ka home, ʻaʻohe pilikia. No nā manu, ua wae ʻia kahi pahu maʻa (45 cm e 30 cm e 40 cm) a i ʻole he aviary. ʻOi aku me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻonoho iā lākou, ʻoiai inā he pono ka mālama ʻana i nā manu.
Nā pono o nā cell
ʻAʻole kū ka māla i ka lā māmā a me nā papa hana.
Pono ke kīʻaha lua i nā mea inu - hoʻokahi no ka inu, a ʻo ka lua no ka ʻauʻau. Hoʻopiʻi wale kēia mau manu i nā kaʻina wai. A wikiwiki lākou i nā lima o ka mea nona ka haku, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia i nā lima.
He aha e hānai ai
E like me ke kūlohelohe, i ka home, pono ke kīpē i nā meaʻai i kāwili ʻia. ʻO kahi kumu maikaʻi loa no ka meaʻai ka mea e hui ai me nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo, kāloti a me nā hua moa moa, a me nā ʻano ʻano cereal ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mālama maoli no ka titmouse he ʻōpala palaoa. Pono e hoʻohui iā lākou i nā meaʻai a pinepine mau i ka wā hana.
Ma ke ala, inā ʻae ʻoe i ka titmouse mai loko o ka hale paʻakai, e ʻoiaʻiʻo nō e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻimi ponoʻī iā ia - inā he gingerbread, a i ʻole nā kuki.
Kūleʻa anei lākou i ka noho pio ʻana?
Inā hui pū kekahi ʻelua o nā blueberries i loko o kahi hoʻopuni, a laila hiki i ka manawa e hoʻomaka nā manu e hūnū, no ka mea pono lākou e waiho i ka hana o nā mea - nā ʻōpala, nā kīpala o nā mauʻu, ka moss. I loko o kahi pākuhi i ke kūlohelohe, hiki i ka titina wahine ke hiki i nā hua 15. I ka lawe pio ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopau ka wahine i nā hua no 13 mau lā, a laila e ulu a nui nā ʻōpio no kahi he 3 wiki. I kēia manawa āpau, e mālama ke kāne i ka wahine a me nā keiki.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
- ʻElua mau hanana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka inoa o ka huaʻōlelo "tit." Hōʻike mua ka mea ʻala i ka kala uliuli, i loaʻa i ka Blue Tit, nā mele mele a uliuli, nona hoʻi i pili i ka huaʻōlelo gen. A ʻo ka lua e koho nei i ka inoa o ka lime i ka ʻano o ke mele o kēia mau manu, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke ʻano "siii-siii" lōʻihi.
- ʻAʻole hana ʻo Titmouse i kā lākou iho ponoʻī no ka hoʻoilo, akā ua maʻalahi loa ke ʻike a ʻai i nā lāʻau ʻai i hana ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO ka hapanui o ka moʻo aloha a me ka leʻa i ka wā o ka nīnū a me ka hatching hua i lilo i ka ulu a me ka hoʻonāukiuki i nā malihini i ko lākou wahi,
- ʻAʻole lapuwale nā Tits i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kumu lāʻau o ka nahele, no laila e pale aku i hoʻokahi pālua o nā kahe i ka wā hana aʻai i ka liʻiliʻi o nā lāʻau 40 mai nā pōpoki.
- Noho ʻo Tits i ke kūlohelohe no 1-3 mau makahiki, a hiki ke noho i ka noho pio a hiki i ka 15 makahiki.
Ehia mau tits e ola
ʻO ke ola o kahi titmouse i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he pōkole loa ia a ʻo ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻekolu wale nō makahiki. Inā mālama ʻia ʻo ia i ke pio ʻana, hiki i ka noho nui ʻo Titī ke ola a hiki i nā makahiki ʻumikumamālima. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka holoholona hānai manuahi me nā mea he nui loa, me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono mālama a me nā lula ʻai.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
He ʻāpana a me ka dimmer ka wahine ʻumi wahine ma ka ʻōpū. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kāne o ke poʻo nui i ke ʻano like ʻole i ke kāne, akā i ka laulā, he ʻalaʻuku ʻiliʻili ʻo ka plumage, no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻona ʻeleʻele o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele hina, a ʻo ke kihi a me ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū i liʻuliʻu iki a hiki i nā wāwahi. . ^ E Ha yM.
Nā ʻano hua ʻāpana
E like me nā kikoʻī i hoʻolako ʻia e ka International Union of Ornithologists, aia ka genus Parus i nā ʻano ʻehā mau ʻano:
- Kelekona tit (Kino cinusus) - he mau mea i loaʻa i kekahi mau subspecies i kekahi manawa i pili i nā ʻano nui ʻo Great Tit (Parus major),
- ʻO Bolshak, a i ole Ika tit (Kūpono nui) - ka nui a me nā mea nui loa,
- ka hikina, a i ole ʻĀpana ʻāpana (He makua makuaHe ʻano huaʻāina i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi mau subspecies i hoʻokahi manawa, ʻaʻole ia i ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻopili ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻonaninani pinepine ʻana ʻia.
- Tit-kahi i kākoʻo ʻia (He huaola parusus).
Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, ua helu ʻia nā lālā o ka ʻĀina a i Iapana paha kahi subspecies o ka titī nui, akā no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea noiʻi o Rūsia ua hiki ke hoʻonohonoho pono i kēia mau mea ʻelua i hui pū maikaʻi.
ʻO Habitat, noho
He poʻokolu subspecies ka helu poʻo hina.
- R.c. Ambiguus - he mea noho o ka kūleʻa o Malacca a me ka mokupuni o Sumatra,
- P.c. caschmirensis me kahi wahi ʻulaʻula ma ke kua o ke poʻo - kahi kamaʻāina o ke kahawai Afghanistan, ʻākau ʻo Pakistan a me komohana ʻĀina.
- P.c. сinereus Vieillot - kahi mokulele nominative e noho ana ma ka mokupuni o Java a ma ka Mokupuni o Minor,
- P.c. desоlorans Koelz - noho 'ʻo ia ma ka ʻākau ma Afghanistan a me komohana ʻākau, ʻo Pakistan,
- P.c. hainanus E.J.O. ʻO Nartert ka mea noho o Hainan Island,
- P.c. kamaʻāina ʻo Zarudny i kamaʻāina nona ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o Iran a me ke komohana-komohana o Turkmenistan.
- P.c. mahrättarum E.J.O. He kamaʻāina ʻo Nartert ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-komohana o India a me ka mokupuni o Sri Lanka,
- P.c. panorum E.J.O. He noho noho ʻo Nartert ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, ke kikowaena a me ke komohana o Myanmar,
- P.c. Sаrаwacensis Slater - noho o ka mokupuni o Kalimantan,
- P.c. stabilaye Kölz - noho noho o ke komohana, waena waena a me ka ʻākau-hikina hikina o India,
- P.c. temrlrum Meyer de Sсhauensee - he noho i ka waena waena a me ke komohana o Thailand, hema ʻo Indochina,
- P.c. meleriеi Rirli - he kamaʻilio ma ke kahawai ʻĀina ʻĀkau,
- P.c. ka ziaratensis Whistler noho noho ia ma waena o ka ʻāpana waena a me ke kūkulu hema o Afghanistan, ke komohana o Pakistan.
ʻO ka titini nui, he mea noho i ka ʻāina āpau o ka Middle East a me ʻEulopa, aia ma North North a Central Asia, noho ia i kekahi mau wahi o ʻApelika ʻĀkau. He ʻelima mau kumumanaʻo nā ʻumi nui he wahi maʻamau:
- P.m. rhrodite - ka mea noho o ka ʻaoʻao hema o Italia, ma Greece hema, nā mokupuni o ke kai Aegean a me Cyprus
- P.m. blanfordi - noho i ka ʻākau o Iraq, ka ʻākau, ka ʻākau o ke kikowaena waena a me ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema o Iran.
- P.m. bokharensis - he noho i ka palena o Turkmenistan, ka ʻākau o Afghanistan, kahi hema o ke kikowaena waena o Kazakhstan a me Uzbekistan,
- P.m. ʻūlūlima - he noho noho o ka ʻāina ʻo Portugal, ʻĀpana hema a me Corsica,
- P.m. eski - noho mau i ka ʻāina o Sardinia,
- P.m. ʻO Exсesus kahi noho noho i ke komohana ʻākau o ʻAmelika, mai ka palena o ke komohana komohana o Maroko a me ke komohana ʻākau o Tunisia.
- P.m. Ferghanensis - he kamaʻāina ʻo Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Kina,
- P.m. karustini - ka noho i ka hikina hema o Kazakhstan a i ʻole Dzungarian Alatau, ka hopena kiʻekiʻe ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kina a me Mongolia, Transbaikalia, nā panalāʻau o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻAmurā a me Primorye, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau i ke kahakai o ke kai o Okhotsk,
- P.m. Karelini - kahi noho o ka hema ma Azerbaijan a me komohana hema o Iran,
- P.m. majоr - ka noho maʻamau o ka ʻAmelika Hema, ʻĀkau a me ka hikina o ka ʻāpana waena, a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Sepania, ka Balkans a me Italia ʻĀkau, Siberia ma ka hikina a hiki i ka Lake Baikal, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ka maunaʻo Altai, hikina a me Kazakhstan ma ka hikina, ua loaʻa ma Asia Minor, ha Caucasus a me Azerbaijan akā wale no i ka ʻaoʻao hema.
- P.m. Hale kūʻai - nā mea noho o ka mokupuni ʻo Balearic,
- P.m. Nevtoni - kahi noho noho ʻo nā mokupuni o Pelekānia, ka Netherlands a me Belgium, a me ka ʻāpana komohana ʻākau o Palani,
- P.m. niethammameri - he mea noho o nā ʻāina o Kerete.
- P.m. terraesanctae - he noho o Lebanona, Suria, ʻIseraʻela, Ioredane a me ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAigupita,
- P.m. ʻO ka turkstaniсus he noho noho i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kazakhstan a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Mongolia.
Ma ka manu nahele, loaʻa nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano i nā ʻanuʻu ulu lāʻau, pinepine i nā wahi ākea a me nā kihi, a noho pū ma nā kahakai o nā waiwai kūlohelohe.
Ke hōʻike a ʻoni paha a iapuni paha kahi ʻumi subspecies:
- P.m. amamiensis - noho i ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni o Ryukyu,
- P.m. сommixtus - ka noho o ka hema o Kina a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o Vietnam,
- P.m. dagletensis - he mea noho o ka mokupuni o Ullyndo kokoke i Korea,
- P.m. kagoshimae - ka noho o ka ʻaoʻao o ka mokupuni o Kyushu a me nā mokupuni i Goto,
- P.m. Minor - ka mea noho o ka hikina o Siberia, ʻaoʻao hema o Sakhalin, ka hikina hikina o ka māhele waena a me ka ʻūhuli o Kina, Korea a me Iapana,
- P.m. nigrilоris - noho i ka hema o ka mokupuni o Ryukyu,
- P.m. nubiolus - ka mea noho no ka hikina o Myanmar, ʻĀkau o Thailand a me ke komohana ʻākau o Indochina,
- P.m. okinaway - noho o ka mū o ka mokupuni o Ryukyu,
- P.m. noho ʻo Tibetanus ma ka hema o Tibet, ke komohana hema a me ka hema o Kina waena, ʻona o Myanmar.
ʻO ka hapala i hoʻōla ʻia i ke kai i hoʻolaha ma Bangladesh a me Bhutan, a ma Kina a me India, a noho pū kekahi me Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, a me Vietnam. ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o kēia mau ʻano he mau nahele ulu a me nā ʻalā lae i nā lehelehe kūloko, nā subtropics a me nā nāhelehele heʻalohilohi.
Ka inoa Tit
I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu pinepine ʻana, e hānai nā kī me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi, a me kā lākou puna. Ua luku ʻia nā palapala kauoha i hoʻopau i nā ʻano nui o nā mea kanu manu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kumu o ka hānai ʻana i kekahi o ka tit i kēia manawa ke hōʻike pinepine ʻia:
- Pūnaewele ʻoua
- pūnāwale
- a ʻo nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōpio ʻē aʻe.
- nā pepeke pipi maikaʻi, nā manu lele, nā namu a me nā meaiki wai,
- nā mea ola ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻēheu.
ʻAi nō hoʻi ka papa inoa i nā ʻūhā, a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke ʻano o nā mauhelehele a me nā mea ʻai manu, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā reticuliformes, nā kuʻekuʻe, nā ʻūʻī, nā ʻili a me nā millipedes. Hiki i kahi manu pākeke ke leʻaleʻa i nā pi, kahi neʻe i ka lāʻau mua. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hoʻoili i nā mea ʻai e like me ka dwarfs peʻa, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomau ka hana a paʻa ʻole i nā manu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōkuhi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e nā kumulāʻau i kēlā me kēia ʻano palupulu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mm.
I ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, ka hana o nā ʻano mea kanu meakanu, me ka hua o ka hazel a me ka beech a Europa, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka ʻai o ka titmouse. ʻAi ka manu i nā mahina a me nā wahi i lūlū ʻia me ka palaoa o ka palaoa, rye, oats a me ka palaoa.
Hoʻopau pinepine nā manu e noho ana ma ke komohana ʻākau o Rūsia ma nā hua a me nā hua o kekahi o nā mea kanu maʻamau:
- Ai a me ka pine
- maple a linden,
- lilacs
- nā kāwili
- lio kaumaha
- pikulnikov,
- kaumaha
- elderberry ʻula
- irgi
- mauna lehu
- blueberries
- hemp a me ka pua.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka tit nui nui a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻanoʻano, me ka Blue Tit a me Muscovite, ʻo ia ka nele o kā lākou mau kāleka no ka hoʻoilo. Kē manu manu pīpī a pīkī ʻōpio hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻai e ʻohi ʻia a hūnā ʻia i ka hāʻule ʻana e nā manu ʻē aʻe. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, i kekahi manawa he mau ʻāpana o nā ʻano ʻo Titī Nui e ʻai i nā kalima.
E hānai, ua hele pinepine nā ʻōpala i nā mea hānai manu i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā māla i kahi e hānai ai i nā hua kanu, kahi ʻai ʻala a me nā ʻulu lau, a me ka palaho a me nā ʻāpana o ka moʻo lau kālā. Pēlā nō i loaʻa i ka forage ma nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, maʻamau ma lalo o nā paʻu o lalo o nā mea kanu a me nā mea o nā kumulāʻau o lalo nā mea kanu.
He hoihoi! Aia nō i loko o kahi momona nui loa ma waena o nā poʻe āpau āpau ke nui a ka papa inoa nui o nā mea no ka hopu ʻana, a ua make i kahi ʻulaʻihi, kahi oatmeal maʻamau, kahi pika manu a pihi, ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula a i kahi pā, nā ʻāpana manuahi i kāʻili ʻia ko lākou lolo mai ka leʻa aku.
ʻO nā hua i loaʻa i nā mea paʻakikī loa, e komo pū ai me nā nati, ua wāwahi mua ʻia ka beak. Aia kahi tit he nui. Kūpono ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano me ka mau a me ka maʻamau e ʻoki ana i nā kino o nā maʻi mamulate.
Pahu a keiki
I ko mākou'āina, ʻo Bolshaki, nā manu manu monogamous a ua wāwahi ʻia i nā pālua, e hoʻomaka ana i ka pilina me ka hana a me ka ikaika no lākou. E hoʻākoakoa pū ʻia nō hoʻi nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano. A ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā manu e hānai i nā wahi me ka ulu lāʻau deciduous, ma nā kapa muliwai, nā wahi i loko a me nā māla. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻenehana conicalous i nā lāʻau huna. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā nīpili ma nā nīpona ma luna o nā hale kahiko a i ʻole nā pulu lāʻau kahiko. Eia kekahi, hiki i kou wā ke ʻike i nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ma nā kuʻuna kahiko, i haʻalele ʻia e nā poʻe noho ma mua, aia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua a ʻeono paha mau mika. ʻOluʻolu paʻa, noho nā manu o kēia ʻano i nā hale ʻoluʻolu i hana ʻia e nā kānaka.
No ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea ʻuʻuku, hoʻohana nā manu i nā ʻala lau o ka mauʻu a me nā pua, a me nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu a me ka pulu. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka pānahele i uhi ʻia me ka hulu hipa, cobwebs, cotton, fluff a me ka hulu hulu, i waena o ia mea kahi i hanaʻi ʻia kahi ʻāpana kūikawā, i uhi ʻia me ka hulu manu a i ʻole nā hulu hipa. ʻOkoʻa ʻano nā hiʻona o ka nē tit, no nā ʻano o ka wahi o ka ʻohana, akā, ʻo ka nui o ke ʻano o ke kīwaha o nā kini he e like me: kahi hohonu o 40-50 mm, kona lōʻihi he 40-60 mm.
Hoʻokahi ka hua manu he ʻelima o ke ʻano nui o nā hua keʻokeʻo ma kahi o ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Kālaha ʻia nā ʻākina nui a me nā kumulekulu-ʻulaʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka huehue, kahi ʻano corolla ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hua. Mālama nā ʻili nui i nā hua ʻelua i ka makahiki. ʻO ka hua manu mua e hana ʻia i mau makahiki hope loa o ʻApelila a i ka wā mua o ka Mei, a ʻo ka lua - ma kahi o ke waenakonu o ke kau kauwela.
ʻO nā hua manu i hānai ʻia e ka wahine ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi hebedoma. I kēia manawa āpau, mālama ke kāne i ka wahine a hanai iā ia. ʻO nā lā mua o nā lā o nā pipi hani, ua uhi ʻia i ka pulu hina, no laila ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka wahine i kāna nūnū, akā kāʻai i ka hua i hānau ʻia me kāna mahanahana.
ʻO ke kāne i kēia manawa, hānai iā ia wale nō ka wahine, akā ʻo kāna hua āpau hoʻi. Ma hope wale mai ke uhi ʻia o ke kino o nā moa i ka hulu maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka wahine a me ke kāne e hānai i kā lākou hua nui a maikaʻi loa.
He hoihoi! I ka wā moe, ʻaʻole ʻoliʻoli nā kāʻei i nā manu lele ʻole, akā, ʻo nā manu manu e hoʻowalewale i kekahi o ko lākou mau hoahānau.
Ma hope o ʻumikūmālua mau lā, ua uhi piha ʻia ke kino o nā moa, no laila ua mākaukau lākou no ke kūʻokoʻa piha ʻana, akā ma kahi hebedoma ʻē aʻe nā manu ʻōpio e noho pololei ma kahi o ko lākou mau mākua, ka mea e ho'āʻo pinepine e hānai iā lākou. Kūpono ia mau ʻano'ōpio i kēlā makahiki piha a kokoke i hoʻokahi makahiki.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā manu ʻona nui loa ia i nā manu, a i ka horticulture a ma ka ulu lāʻau kūlohelohe.ʻO kekahi o nā mea kūlohelohe e hoʻopilikia kino i ka huina o nā ʻano a pau o nā ʻano honu mea pōloli ia i ka wā hoʻoilo. Mai ka nele o ka hānai i ka hoʻoilo i make ka helu nui o nā māka o nā genus i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Pēlā nō i ka nūnū, nā mākaʻi pakeke, nā manu ʻuʻuku a me kekahi mau pōpoki lau nahele a me nā māliona home o ka ʻohana cat, nā ʻona nui a me nā mea lele lele e holo nei me ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻano kī like ʻole.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I kēia lā, nui nā subspecies o nā ʻōpio, no laila, ʻaʻole pono lākou i ke palekana a i nā mea e pale ai. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi lelo liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi aku i nā mea maʻamau a kokoke i kēia manawa ke kokoke loa i ka pau piha.
No ka laʻana, ʻo Baleen Tit (Panurus biarmicus), he manu lele ʻilihune a maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ka hema o Palaearctic manu me kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i pili wale kēia i ka pale me nā manu manuahi insectivorous ʻē aʻe, akā helu pū ʻia ma ka Red Book of the Republic of Khakassia. Ke komo nei ʻo Yew a i ʻāpana paha i kēia lā i loko o ka Red Book o Rūsia, a ua ʻike ʻia nā loiloi o kēia ʻano wale nō ma nā Mokupuni o Kurilika Hema, no laila ʻoiʻa ka pōkole ma muli o ka ʻike nui ʻole.
Hoʻaiho
I ka wā hana, noho ka nahele i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻehā pinepine a lihilihi ʻia, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai i nā wahi ākea, nā kihi, nā awāwa o ke kahawai a me nā pali o nā loko. I ʻEulopa, ʻo ka helu nui loa i hiki i nā māka lāʻau ʻoka, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o nā puʻupuʻu i nā lāʻau. Aia ʻo Siberia, nā nests ma waho aku o ka taiga, maʻa mau aku ʻaʻole he 10-15 km mai kahi noho kanaka. Ma kahi ulu ma nā ululāʻau mauka luhi. ʻO ka maʻamau ma kahi o ke kula loea-steppe, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai i ka pali kahakai o ka willow a me nā ʻalihi birch, a me nā wahi i haka me nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻole. Ma Mongolia, noho ʻo ia ma nā puʻu lāʻau lāʻau a ma kahi pae semi-efitra. Ma nā mauna e piʻi i nā Swiss Alps i ka makahiki 1950 m, ma nā puʻu Atlas i 1850 m ma mua o ke kai.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā hana a ke kanaka e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻoili ʻana i kēia manu - deforestation i kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā wahi kūpono no ka hana ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo e hoʻomau i nā makahiki kūlohelohe. Hoʻololi ʻo Titmouse i loko o nā māla, nā māla (e komo pū ana i ke kaona), ʻo ka māla ʻona, ma nā kahe o nā pā, i nā māla ulu lāʻau a me nā ʻoliva. I ka hoʻoilo, ua komo i loko o nā ʻohana i hui pū ʻia me nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻalā e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai.
Hoʻopiʻi
ʻO nā poʻe hele a pau (koe wale nō ka shorthair, ka mea nāna i koho), ʻo ka tit nui nui ka papa inoa nui o nā mea hopu me ia e pepehi ai i ka lolo a pepehi iā ia - ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia mea no ka rosary, oatmeal, nā manu lele pied a, ʻoi paha ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula, mai nā mamalia. - ʻōpio.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, ʻo kahi titima nui e pepehi paha i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua hōʻike paʻa ʻia nā hōʻike ʻoi loa i ka hōʻike o nā ʻano nui o nā kaila nui i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā puke paʻi ʻepekema. kēlā mau mea? ]. No laila, ma 2010, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Hungarian a me Kelemania isnithologists i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hopu ʻana i ka tit nui nui no ka moe ʻana i ka papa ʻaina - dwarf bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) Ua loaʻa nā ʻike like like ma Hungary, Polani, Suena, akā ma kēia hihia ua hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻāpana titmies kikoʻī a me ka systematically huli ʻana a make ʻia nā pā i ka ʻai. Ka lele ʻana i loko o ke ana, ke hiʻi nei nā ʻili i nā paia, ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻoki kūlohelohe, huki i nā pā a wīwī e uhaʻi i ko lākou mau iwi, a laila ʻai lākou i nā palupalu palupalu mai nā iwi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka makahiki 19, ua kākau ʻo ka mea kanu Pelekane ʻo Howard Saundes i ka wā anuanu, "ʻo ka ʻumi nui e hoʻouka ʻo ia i nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā nāwaliwali, e wāwahi ana i nā ʻūhā me kahi puʻukū ikaika a hiki i ko lākou lolo, hana like ʻia nā pā i ke ʻano like ʻole."
ʻO nā ʻano ʻano o nā ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i loko o kahi puke e pili ana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe: English. "Zombie Tits, Astronaut Fish a me nā holoholona ʻano ʻokoʻa" ("Zombie Tits, Cosmonauts a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe)) i paʻi ʻia ma 2015 e ke University of New South Wales (Australia). "Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Zombie Tits" i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke poʻo o kēia puke. I kēia hihia, hōʻike ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau "zombie" i ka ʻenekuhi o nā mea ʻona e ʻai i nā naʻau i nā holoholona i pepehi ʻia e lākou.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ka helu o nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Polani, Farani a me ka Czech Republic pepehi i ka pepehi ʻana i ka ʻoliki ma ka ʻano ʻai. Ma ka manawa like, ua hōʻike ʻia e lele nui nā ʻōpio i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā kani e hana ʻia e nā pā, a e hōʻemi ana hoʻi i kā lākou "ana" i kahi ʻoi e mālama ai i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Kahi helu
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka makana nui e Carl Linnaeus i ka paʻi ʻumi o kāna Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ma 1758. Pūnaewele ʻepekema Kūpono nuiua koho ʻia e Linnaeus ʻelua mau huaʻōlelo Latin - lat. pālima - tit and lat. nui - nui. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka inoa ʻepekema mai ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkia.
He 15 subspecies o ka nui nui. A hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻokomo lākou i nā ʻano o ka titain hikina He makua makua a me ka hina hina Kino cinusus. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea kūʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka titmouse hikina a loaʻa iā ia kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kaila ʻala a me ka melemele - ke mālama ʻia lākou ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua hoʻi, akā ke keʻokeʻo ka lalo o ke kino. I ka tituna hina, ka mea e noho nei ma nā mokupuni o Asia Hema, lipochromes (nā pigments e pili ana i nā kala ʻoni-melemele) pau ʻole, he kumu ia o ka manu i ka ʻano keʻokeʻo.
Wahi a ka waihona o ka International Union of Ornithologists, nā ʻano Kūpono nui 15 mau huaʻāina ua kau ʻia:
- Parus aphrodite nui. ^ E Ha yM. Wehewehe ʻia e Gyula Madagaras [de] i 1901. Noho ia ma ʻUlani hema, ma Greece hema, ma nā mokupuni o ke kai Aegean, ma Kupukī. ITIS Ka helu: 922423.
- Parus blanfordi nui. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Joseph Prazak i ka makahiki 1894. Noho ia ma ka ʻākau o Iraq, i ka ʻākau, i ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka māhele waena a me ke komohana hema o Iran. ITIS Ka helu: 922424.
- Parus mau bokharensis nui. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Martin Lichtenstein ma 1823. Noho ia ma Turkmenistan, ma ke kukulu ʻĀina o Afghanistan, ma ke ao hema o ka ʻaoʻao waena o Kazakhstan a ma Uzbekistan. ITIS Ka helu: 922425.
- ʻO nā ipo nui ʻo Parus. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻia e Otto Kleinschmidt ma 1903. Noho ia ma Pokukala, ma ka hema o Sepania a me Corsica. ITIS Ka helu: 922426.
- Parus nui ecki. ^ E Ha yM. Wehewehe ʻia e Adolf von Jordaens [de] i 1970. Noho ia ma Sardinia. ITIS Ka helu: 922427.
- ʻO kahi kikoʻulu nui ʻo Parus. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Leopold Bouvre [de] i ka makahiki 1857. Noho ia ma ʻākau komohana-ʻĀpana (mai nā Poʻokela komohana a hiki i kahakai ʻo Tunisia. ITIS Ka helu: 922428.
- Parus mau ferghanensis nui loa. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Sergey Buturlin ma 1912. Noho ia ma Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan a ma ke komohana o Kina. ITIS Ka helu: 922429.
- Parus major kapustini. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Leonid Portenko i ka makahiki 1954. Noho ia ma ka hema-hikina o Kazakhstan (Dzhungarsky Alatau), ke ala-ka-uka komohana o Kaina (ʻākau-komohana o Xinjiang), ma Mongolia, ma Transbaikalia, ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai Amur, ma Primorye, a hiki i ke kahakai o ke Kai o Okhotsk. ITIS Ka helu: 922430.
- Karelini nui karelini. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Nikolai Zarudny i ka makahiki 1910. Noho ia ma ka hema ma Azerbaijan a me komohana hema o Iran. ITIS Ka helu: 922431.
- ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻo Parus. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Carl Linnaeus i 1758. Noho ia ma ka ʻElepika ʻAropa i ka ʻākau a i ka hikina mai waena o Spain, a me ʻākau ʻApana, ʻUlani Italia a me nā Balkans, Siberia ma ka hikina a i loko o Lake Baikal, hema a hema a me ka hikina ʻo Kazakhstan a me nā mauna Altai, ʻAkia Minor, ka Caucasus, Azerbaijan (ʻaʻole e kau ʻia ma ka hikina. ITIS Ka helu: 922432.
- Parus mallorcae nui. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Adolf von Jordans i ka makahiki 1913. Noho i nā Mokupuni ʻo Balearic. ITIS Ka helu: 922433.
- Parus majortoni nui. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Joseph Prazak i ka makahiki 1894. Noho ia ma na mokupuni o Beritania, ma Netherlands, Beletekia a ma ke komohana-komohana o Farani. ITIS Ka helu: 922434.
- Parus major niethammeri. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Adolf von Jordaens ma 1970. Noho no ia ma Crete. ITIS Ka helu: 922435.
- Parus major terraesanctae. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻia e Ernst Hartert i 1910. Noho ia ma Lebanona, Suria, ʻIseraʻela, Ioredane a me ka ʻākau-hikina o ʻAigupita. ITIS Ka helu: 922436.
- ʻO ka turus turkestanicus nui. ^ E Ha yM. I wehewehe ʻo Nikolai Zarudny a me Loudon i ka makahiki 1905. Noho ia ma ka hema-hikina o Kazakhstan a me ke kūkulu hema-komohana o Mongolia. ITIS Ka helu: 922437.
Nā genetics
ʻO nā haʻawina o ka gen mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome na B [en], hōʻike i kekahi ʻāpana o nā subspecies he ʻokoʻa i nā tout nui, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau subspecies i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa - ka hina hina i ʻĀkelika Hema a me ka titina hikina ma Asia Hikina.
ʻO ka mea koke nei, i kekahi o nā ʻōiwi Dutch o ka ʻāpana nui, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi hoʻokolohua poliporopia hoʻokahi nucleotide i loko o ka nui. Drd4 (dopamine receptor D4), ʻoiai, e like me ka manaʻo a nā mea kākau e pili ai, i pili me ka pae o ka ʻoluʻolu o nā manu. Nā Lina i koho ʻia i loko o nā hanauna he ʻehā no ka hoʻonui a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha i nā pākuʻi i kekahi mau ʻano o nā substitutions i ka pauku nucleotide o kēia ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana maoli o kēia pilina ma waena o ka polymorphism DNA i ʻike ʻia a me ke ʻano o ka hana o nā tits ua maopopo ʻole.
Wikiō: Tit
He poʻo nui nā poʻo o nā manu o kēia ʻano, akā he mau maka liʻiliʻi. Kāhea pinepine ka iris i kahi paleʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo wale nō i kekahi mau ʻano a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo o nā manu me kahi "pāpale" kulu. He wahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi kekahi ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia mai nā hulu elongated e ulu ana mai ka lei o ke poʻo.
ʻOiai ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o kona mau manu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā "titlouse" maoli nō ia o ka nahele. Paku lākou i kahi helu lehulehu.
Ua kāʻei ʻia ka beak ma luna, ʻeleʻele ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO waho, ke ʻano o ka beak he cone. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻili me nā hulu. He pulupaʻa lākou, a aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻEleʻele ka ʻāʻī, kahi ʻāpana o ka umauma. Eia naʻe, ʻoluʻolu lākou e hoʻolei i kahi kui ʻoiʻu maikaʻi. ʻO ka hope ke ʻeleʻa pinepine loa. ʻO kēlā me kēia kala e like me ka alohilohi ke hoʻonani i nā tits liʻiliʻi loa. Kūwele maikaʻi lākou i ka nānā me ke kūleʻa o ka hau keʻokeʻo.
Loaʻa i nā wāwae liʻiliʻi, akā i nā wāwae ikaika. Hoʻokomo nā pāpale ma nā manamana lima. ʻO kēia mau wāwae wāwae, nā kālai lima e kōkua ai i ka holoholona e noho maikaʻi ma nā lālā. Aia ka ʻona he ʻumikumamālua mau huluhulu, nā ʻēheu e pili ana i ka hope, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau manu e ka lele pulsating. Pipi pinepine lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, a laila lele ke lele e inertia. Pēlā nā holoholona e mālama i ko lākou ikaika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hoʻi kiʻi: Tit ma Russia
He mau mea ikaika loa nā lālā o ka ʻohana tit. Ke neʻe mau nei lākou. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona olakino, e wāwahi ana i nā ʻohana nui. Hiki i kēia ʻohana ke helu ma kahi o kanalima mau kānaka. Eia kekahi, pēlā nō hoʻi i nā ʻohana manu ke komo pū i nā manu o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ka laau, nuthatch. Hoʻokahele ʻia nā manu i ʻelua mau manawa i ka wā hana. I kēia manawa, hōʻike nā holoholona i ka palena o ka meaʻai. No ka pahu hoʻokahi e kū nei ma kahi he kanalima mau mika.
ʻAʻole ka ikaika o ka lele ma ka ikaika loa o ka uliuli. ʻAʻole paʻakikī lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ke ola o nā manu. I ka hapa nui, ʻo ke ala o ka holoholona he nui nā kumulāʻau, nā pā. E neʻe ka ʻatikala mai kahi pā i kekahi, mai ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau. I ka wā o ka lele, mālama ʻia ka holoholona i ka maikaʻi ma o ka hopu ʻana i nā mea hihiu lele.
Tits - ʻaʻole migratory, akā i ka hapanui o nā manu he manuahi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, e neʻe kokoke aku lākou i ka noho o nā kānaka. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa he nui koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā e kani ai nā kānaka i Pokukala ma ʻEulopa. I ke ao o ke ao, ke ʻimi nei ka titmouse i nā meaʻai ʻaʻole wale ma nā lāʻau, nā mea hānai. Kipa pinepine lākou i nā hale o nā kānaka, e lele ana i luna o ka balconies a me nā loggias.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kaohiʻula he ʻoliʻoli loa, mālie, perky. Maʻalahi lākou e piʻi me nā manu a me nā holoholona. ʻAʻole hōʻino ʻo Sinicek i nā kānaka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai iā lākou i kou mau lima. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hōʻike wale i ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou keiki. Ua huhū nui lākou a maʻalahi ke komo i loko o ka hana hōʻeuʻeu ʻana me ka poʻe hoʻokūkū, e hoʻokuke iā lākou mai kā lākou wahi.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hoʻi: manu manu
ʻO ka wā kanu i loko o bluebirds hāʻule i ka wā mua. Ma ka hapanui o nā kai kūlohelohe i ka wā mua o ka puna, he hauʻulu ia, no laila hoʻohuihui nā manu i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale nā pua i ka wā i loko o lākou. Hana lākou i kahi ʻōpū o nā titmouses i loko o nā pālua, a laila ulu pū lāua i hua. Kūkulu nā holoholona i nā ʻiʻo ma ka nahele ulu, i nā māla, nā māla. Loaʻa ka nui o nā nests ma nā kahe o nā muliwai. Hana i kā lākou hale ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua mau mika mai ka lepo aku. Noho pinepine lākou e noho nei i nā hale i haʻalele ʻia e nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe.
I ka manawa moe, lilo nā titmouses i nā mea ikaika. Hōʻalo lākou i nā malihini i ka ʻāina mai ka ʻāina o lākou. Kūkulu nā holoholona i kahi kūleʻa mai nā kumulāʻau, nāhelehele, ka moss, nā aʻa. I loko o ka hale e kālai ʻia me ka huluhulu, cobwebs, olonā huluhulu. I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomau i nā hua ʻumikumamālima. Ke keʻokeʻo lākou, keʻokeʻo iki. ʻO ka papa o ka hua e uhi ʻia me nā wahi liʻiliʻi e loaʻa i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E uku ʻelua ka manu i nā hua ʻelua i ka makahiki.
Kūpono ka hua liʻiliʻi i nā lā he ʻumikumamākolu. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka hatching hua. Loaʻa ka kāne i kēia manawa nā meaʻai no kāna mau kāne. Ma hope o ka hatching, ʻaʻole haʻalele ʻo ka wahine i nā moa. I loko o nā lā mua, ua uhi ʻia nā pipi ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka fluff. Hoʻokomo ka makua i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kāna mau keiki. Hoʻomaka ke kāne no kēia manawa i ka ʻai no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka titmouse hānau wale nō ka momona nui, e like me nā manu makua. Pono nā mākua e hānai iā lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi kanahā mau hola.
E kūʻokoʻa wale nō ʻo Chicka i ka ʻumikumamāhiku mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e haʻalele koke i kā lākou mau mākua. Ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau lā, hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻikepili ʻōpiopio e noho kokoke. He ʻumi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, loaʻa ke ʻano o ka wā ʻōpiopio.