ʻO ka cat oncilla puaʻa mai kahi mamao he like like ia me ka hulu huluhulu a me ke aloha i manaʻo ʻia i kahi jaguar liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki pinepine loa ke hālāwai me ia i loko o ke ʻano ma muli o kahi ʻano pilikino. No laila, he pohihihi ke ola o ke ʻinā tiger, ʻaʻohe pono i aʻo ʻia, akā hoihoi ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula ʻike nui ʻia.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Oncilla a me ka noho
I nā hoa loea e pili ana i nā ʻāina neotropical, ʻo ka oncilla ka mea i liʻiliʻi loa, ʻoi loa ka hapa i ka ocot a me ka lōʻihi ʻāpana. No kēia, kapa ʻia ʻo ia kahi kope o nā mea nui.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi puaʻa maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōpoki liʻiliʻi: ʻoi aku ka paona o 3 kg a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 65 cm. ʻO ka huelo oncilla o ka mānoanoa pākihi, a hiki i 35 cm
Ke hōʻike nui nei nā maka o nā tiger pōpoki, ʻoniʻoni-ʻula, nui, aia ma ka muzzle elongated me ka makika lōʻihi. ʻEwili pū nā alo, me kahi kihi, i loko me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hope he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ia.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind o ka pōpoki ma mua o ka mua. ʻAʻole hana ʻino kēia i kona lokomaikaʻi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana muscular me ka lole nani nani i waiho mau ʻia no ka poʻe lawaiʻa. Oniani ka cat cat pohihihi a nani hoʻi. Ma nā lapoʻi, ʻoi a me nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kaua o kahi jaguar liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻopuni ka hulu pōkole pōpoki i ka pōpō a, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā puli ʻeke a ke kala i ka kaila hina-hina ʻulaʻula, e like me ka jaguar a me ka leopadi. Hōʻalo ʻole nā kani ma nā pahu.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma i nā kala ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Ma ke kumu kuono, ua pālahalaha nā wahi ākea ma ka kuʻekuʻe. Hōʻalo me nā laina transversʻeleʻele. Pōʻalima kēlā me kēia ʻelima o ka heluna.
E like me nā pēkaka he nui, e hele wāwae hoʻokahi ʻo Oscillas ma o lākou pū kekahi.
Nā ʻano nā pua ʻehā nona nā pūʻulu o nā mea i kapa ʻia he melanist. Hōʻike ʻia kā lākou meaʻokoʻa wale nō ma ka malu o ka hulu, inā ʻaʻole he ʻano ʻano maʻamau maʻamau.
ʻO nā subspecies ʻehā, ʻehā wale nō ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai a me nā kala o ke kapa. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo maikaʻi ke kumu o ka luku luku ʻana i nā holoholona i ka hapalua mau makahiki i hala. ʻOiai ke kālai ʻia nei i ka oncillas i kēia manawa, ke liʻiliʻi loa nā jaguars ma muli o ka poʻi a me ke kaʻe ʻana i nā nahele.
ʻO ka wahi o ka peʻa ʻalani he mosaic. Noho ʻo Oncilla i nā kuahiwi o ʻAmelika Hema, Panama, Kolombia, nā ʻāina o Brazil. ʻO kona wahi maʻamau nā kaalo ʻōpala o nā eucalyptus, savannas, nā wahi i waiho ʻia i nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu. Aia ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-3 a mau mika. Nā wahi kūʻai, nā wahi ʻona me nā kānaka e ʻona i nā pōpoki.
ʻO ke kiʻi nani o ka puki ke kumu no kona luku nui ʻana
Loaʻa ka manaʻo o ka puaʻa i ʻike ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana o ka oncil i nā zoza a me nā mālama kūlohelohe. Ma ka holoholona hihiu, ʻike ʻia ka pōpilikia i ke ao he luhi. Hoʻopilikia wale ka hana holoholona i ka hiki ʻana mai o ke anilima maʻa.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona Oncilla a me ke ʻano ola
Ua ala ke ola o ka pōpoki me ka ikaika hou i ka pōʻeleʻele. Ma kahi ulu lāʻau subtropical semi-gloomy wale nō i ka lā e hiki ai i kahi pōpoki noho noho ala ala. Oncilla - he mea hānai lua pō. ʻO kona mākaukau e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, kahi e hoʻomaha ai lāua a ʻimi no ka mea pio, he mea kupanaha ia.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona wiwo ʻole o kahi hakakā i ka hakakā ʻana me kahi ʻenemi he nui ma mua o ka oncilla. Hōʻemi, ka hoʻokahe koko a me ke kōpuna e ʻae iā ʻoe e kāohi i nā hoa kūʻē i ke alapiʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana aku.
Kaukahi ʻaʻai maikaʻi, akā hiki i ke pilikia ke hiki i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, kēlā me kēia mea āpau i wahi 'ona i kēlā me kēia wahi, me ka nui o ka 2,5 km 2 no nā wahine, a hiki i 17 km 2 no nā pōpoki. ʻO kēia mau wahi nui loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o nā holoholona iā lākou iho.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, alakaʻi ka jaguar liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano nohona. He mea paʻakikī loa ke aʻo ʻana i kēia ʻano momo maʻa i vivo. Pōloli ʻo Oncilla i waena o nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻula ʻono i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i loko o nā lau. He pōpoki e moe ana ma luna o ka lāʻau i mea paʻakikī ke ʻike, akā ua kūpono ia i kona nānā ʻana a hopu i kahi mea pōkoki me ka peke nui, ʻaʻole waiho mai i kahi kūʻokoʻa.
He haunaele ʻino a maikaʻi ka holoholona pōloli. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā fangs kahi i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka mea make. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nani o ka pōpoki nani e hoʻopunipuni ana, e hūnā ana i kahi mea kuhi i ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli. ʻO ka ʻike maka, maikaʻi loa ka lohe ʻana i nā hiʻona holomua.
ʻO ka lauʻai Oncilla
ʻO ka meaʻai maʻamau ka mea o ka rodents liʻiliʻi, nā baki lāʻau, nāu, nā ʻalā. Manaʻo ia aia wale nō nā mea hoʻohāliko launa ʻole i nā lepona. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaihue ʻia nā pōpoki huluhulu i nā hua mai nā ululāʻau a hopu i nā manu. Ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka moa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kupapaʻu i nā hulu.
Ma ka wai make holoholona hihiu lawaiʻa iʻa ma muli o ko lākou maoli dexterity, hiki ke lele a me ka wikiwiki. I nā hana kikoʻī a me nā mea pīpī, ʻoiai hoʻi ka poʻe primates, i kekahi manawa e lilo ana i poʻe pōmaikaʻi o kēia mau pōpoki weliweli, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū me lākou.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Ma muli o ke ʻano huna pilikino o ke ola ma ke ʻano, lawe ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana o nā oncils mai ka ʻike ʻana o lākou. Hōʻalo ikaika ka wā aloha o nā pōpoki: me nā hakakā, nā haʻalulu, nā hanana hoʻohilahila.
ʻO ka pēpē ʻana o nā pōpoki a lōʻihi i ka lā 74-78. Kittens maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i ka manawa mai Pepeluali a ʻAukake. Nui ka hoʻokahi pā i ka litter, ʻoiai inā he mau hānau hānau ʻo 2-3 pēpē. Hānau ʻia nā limahana ʻo Offspring: he makapō nā naʻeono, he 100 kaupaona wale nō. E wehe wale nā maka ma hope o 3 wiki, a e huhū nā niho i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma hope o 21 mau lā.
Noho ʻo Lactation a hiki i 3 mau mahina, a laila e hele nā keiki i ka meaʻai paʻa, hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Ma ka makahiki o 1-1.3 mau makahiki, lilo ka wahine i ka pākeke a ulu nā kāne ma ke ʻano o 2 mau makahiki.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ua palena ʻia ke ola liʻiliʻi o nā pēpika sika i 12-13 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopio ʻia, ʻaʻole pili ana ke ola o nā holoholona me ka hopena o ke ola, no laila ke ola nei nā kānaka olakino i 20-22 mau makahiki.
Ma ke kiʻi aia kahi kikoo o kahi oscillator
Maʻalahi loa ka jaguars liʻiliʻi a hoʻokuʻi ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻonāukiuki ka holoholona i nā kānaka. Akā heluhelu i ka wehewehe ʻōkole cat a lawe aku iā ia i kahi pilikia nui.
Pono ka poʻe ʻike e ʻike mua i ka ʻenehana kūlohelohe a me kahi makemake no ka noho kala ʻole, mālama ʻia ka pō ʻoi ʻana. ʻO ka hana a me ka hiki ke lele i kahi holoholona e lawe mai i ke kaumaha a me ka pilikia. ʻAʻole e kahuli ʻia kahi wao nahele nahele i kahi pilina aloha a me nā ʻohana.
I loko o nā mea kanu, hānai ʻia nā keiki me nā ʻenehana kūikawā. ʻO ka kumukūʻai cat Oncilla hoʻomaka i ka $ 2,000. Kuhi ʻia nā kinikini kahi e hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi ākea ākea no ka mālama manuahi a pono ʻole.
Kāleka
ʻO ka inoa o kēia ʻīlio hihiu ke unuhi ʻana he “jaguar liʻiliʻi”, no ka mea ke hoʻohui a me ka ʻula like ia me ka jaguar miniature. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka oncilla ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā pōpoki o ka ʻāina Neotropic, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kona mau hoahānau, nā ʻoka a me ka ʻaka lōʻihi. Oi aku ka nui o Oncilla ma mua o nā pua ʻōpala maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ke kāne nui a ma kahi o 2.8-3 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 65 cm. Leopusa.
ʻO ka lulu a forcilla ka hulu. ʻO ke kala o ka huluhulu, he ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū ʻāʻī a me nā umauma a me nā mālamā māmā i kau ʻia. ʻO ke kumu ma ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao kāwili ʻia i ke ʻano like-loko, i ʻole me nā wahi pōkole e pili ana i nā laina lōʻihi. Ke hoʻomau nei nā wahi, mai hina i nā kiʻea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. I uhi ʻia ka huʻu me nā pōʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā apo i ka pili o ka hope o ka huelo. Ua kāʻei ʻia nā alo o waho, ʻeleʻele ma waho, me ka pua keʻokeʻo i waenakonu. I nā manawa he nui nā melanist cat, helu lākou i ka 1/5 o ka heluna holoʻokoʻa.
Ka ʻāpana a me nā Kuhi
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Oncilla mai Costa Rica a me ke kūkulu ʻĀina o Panama ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike i nā hālāwai me ia ma Amazon, ʻoiai ke ākea ka nui o nā oncilla i nā mauna a me ka ulu lāʻau subtropical. ʻO kona wahi ka mosaic loa, a ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi he lōʻai ai.
ʻEkolu a ʻehā subspecies o oncilla i ʻike ʻia, ʻokoʻa i ka leo o ke kala nui, ka lōʻihi o ke kapa, a me ka ulu ʻana o ke ʻano.
- Tigrinus tigrosus leopio loaʻa ma hikina, ma Venezuela, ma Guyana a ma ʻūlani hema ʻo Brazil,
- Leʻopōpō lopola - i waena o Āpelila a hema hema, Uruguay, Paraguay, ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika,
- ʻO nā leardus tigrinus pardiniodes - ma ke komohana o Venezuela, ma Colombia a me Ecuador.
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
Noho ʻo Oncillas i nā ululāʻau subtropical, makemake i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā nāhelehele mauna i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3000 m ma luna o ke kai. Ke hui pū nei lākou ma nā ulu maloʻo o Venezuela, ma nā wahi lāʻau eʻae a me nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ululāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, me ka ʻole mamao mai nā wahi noho o ke kanaka.
ʻO Oncilla kahi ʻano hana like ʻole. Ka mea, ke alakaʻi nei ia i ke ola solitula, ka mea nui i ka pō, a i ka lā e hoʻomaha ana i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e waiho ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka motley patron. Loaʻa ʻo ia ma ka polima liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā mea ʻona a me nā piʻona lāʻau. I hōʻike ʻia ma Brazil, hopu nā Oncillians i mau mea liʻiliʻi.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
ʻO ka Oncillas he laulā nui, akā lapuwale. I ka makahiki 1970 a me 80s no ko lākou hulu nani ua hānai ʻia lākou a me ka mined i ka nui o nā tausani. I ka makahiki 1983 wale nō, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻili ʻili ma luna o ka mākaʻi. Kuhi ʻia ka nui o ka oncillo i kēia manawa ma kahi o 50,000 mau pākeke, akā e emi iki kēia helu ma muli o ka hoʻopalepule ʻana no ka kanu lāʻau kofe a me nā pōʻai.
Ke pāpā ʻia nei ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi ma ka hapa o ka pae, akā ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e pale ʻia ma ʻEkuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama a me Peru. I ka 1989, CITES (International Convention on Trade in Wild Animals and Plants) i hoʻopuka i ka oncilla ma Appendix I.
I ka lawe pio ʻia, mālama maluhia ka oncilla i kahi pōmaikaʻi, akā heʻehā nō ia i loko o Europa.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻ sublelo a me nā ʻākana i loaʻa iā Oncilla
ʻO Ontsilla (Leopardus tigrinus) he mau puaʻa ʻike ʻia i ka manawa ma mua; ua hōʻike mua ʻo Johann Christian von Schreber i ka makahiki 1775.
I kēia lā, nā ʻepekema hoʻonaʻauao ʻepekema o Oncilla e kū nei (hiki iā ʻoe ke kaomi i nā kiʻi e hoʻonui ai iā lākou):
- Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) noho i ka hikina hikina ʻo Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, ʻūlaka Brazil. Aia paha ma French Guiana.
- Loaʻa ka Leopardus tigrinus oncilla (Thomas, 1903) i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi o Costa Rica a me Panama kūkulu ʻākau.
- Loaʻa ka leopardus tigrinus pardinoides (Grey, 1867) ma ke komohana o Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, a me Peru.
Mahele i nā ʻano hou
Ua ʻike nui ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻoihana ma 1999 i nā ʻokoʻa ākea, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka helehelena, ma waena o Leopardus tigrinus oncilla, e noho ana i Costa Rica a me Panama a me Leopardus tigrinus guttulus mai waena a kūloko o Brazil. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i nāʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano neotropical like ʻole. A laila ua hoʻoholo nā mea noiʻi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Oncilla i ʻelua mau ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma waena o Oncillas e hōʻike ana ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā iwi ʻelua, aia paha ma ke kahawai ʻo Amazon, ma kahi o 3.7 miliona mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo Leopardus guttulus (ʻo ia kā lākou i kapa ai i kēia manawa, neʻe ʻia mai ka inoa tigrinus) ʻaʻole i hōʻawhʻili ʻia me ka lehulehu o Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus ma northeast Brazil.
Paule Leopona
Kahi ʻano ʻano lehelehe ʻo Leopardus guttulus (he subspecies i wehewehe ʻia e Hensel ma 1872) i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2013 wale nō. ʻAʻole kēia he subspecies o Oncilla, akā he cat tiger poʻo hema a tiger hema paha. He kanaka noho ia i nā ululāʻau ʻo Atlantika ma ke kikowaena a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Brazil (mangrove a me subtropical thickets ma ke kahakai Atlantika), Uruguay, Paraguay, ʻĀpana ʻAmelika.
Ua loaʻa nō kekahi mea like ma waena o Oncilla a me ka pēpē Pampas, ʻike ʻia e ka helu genetic o nā zoological sample mai waena o Brazil.
ʻĀpana ʻo Pampas
Hōʻike ʻikepili iā Moraki o 250 mau ʻāpana o nā hides a me nā ʻulupua i ke ʻano he ʻekolu mau pūʻulu Oncil - hoʻokahi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, komohana a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina a ʻo ke kolu ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. E pili ana i kēia mau hopena, ua koho ʻia ka pūʻulu hikina ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka Leopardus emiliae, i hala, i ka makahiki 2017.
Ua kauoha ʻo Mr. Cat: ʻano, ʻano
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) ʻo Tiger Hōʻea, Little Spotted Cat, Tigrillo, Tigrina a noho nui ma nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāina mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻAi a hiki i ʻūleʻa Brazil.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka holoholona i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano ʻano i loko o ke kūlana "hānai" i ka International Red Book, no ka mea he pilikia ka lahui ma muli o ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka hūnā i ka noho ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiai.
Ua like ʻo Ontsilla me ka hiʻohiʻona o Margay a me Ocelot, akā he liʻiliʻi ia i kahi liʻiliʻi, me kahi kino slimmer a me nā muzzle liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohui kekahi makua i ka 38-59 cm ka lōʻihi, hoʻohui mai 20 a 42 cm ka hāʻule ma ka huelo. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ma mua o ka puaʻa ʻōiwi maʻamau, ʻo Leopardus tigrinus, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka palena - mai 1.5 a 3 kg.
ʻO kaʻeleʻele a maloʻo ka huluhulu o ka mea hana, mai ka brown brown i ka ocher ʻeleʻele i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, me nā rosette ʻulaʻula he nui i hope a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka peritoneum, ka umauma, ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana o nā wāwae ua palalulu, me nā māliʻiʻeleʻele, a me ka huelo me nā hōʻailona annular.
ʻEleʻele nā kua o nā pepeiao i nā wahi keʻokeʻo voluminous. Kūleʻa nā kukui a iʻa paha, e wehe i ke kikowaena a i ʻole ʻano i kona ʻano. Loaʻa i nā pihi he mau pākāwahā me ka nui, nā wīwī i nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā paila wāwae. Ke kōkua nei kēia kala i ka hoʻopili ʻana o Oncilla me ke ʻano o nā lā i ke ʻano o ka ua anuʻu.
ʻO ka laka o kahi pōpoki he pōkole, me nā niho liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka premolars a me kahi o nā aʻa.
Ma nā wahi āpau o ʻAmelika Hema me nā ululāʻau māwili, ua loaʻa nā Oncillus melanists (i.e. nā pōpoki me kahi ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha). Ma ke ala, ʻike maopopo paha ʻoe i ka panther ʻeleʻele maoli he jaguars a me nā leopards melanists? E pili ana i kēia, ʻoiai e pili ana i ka mea o nā Panthers i ka laulā, e heluhelu ma luna o kā mākou pūnaewele ʻo Mr. Cat.
Holo aku ʻo Tigrina mai Costa Rica a me Panama a me ka Amazon a me Brazil. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana mai nā kāmelo CCTV i nā ululāʻau o Costa Rica, ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe mai 1,500 a 3,000 m a i nā ʻāina maloʻo o Cerrado a me Catinga ma ke kūkulu ʻĀpana ʻo Brazil.
Ma Panama, loaʻa kekahi iā Oncilla ma Darien a ma Volcan Baru National Park.
Ma Kolombia, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka holoholona i ka ʻāina Andean, ma ke Komohana Komohana i nā kiʻekiʻe ma 1900 a 4800 m, a i loko nō hoʻi o Los Nevados National Nature Park a me ke keʻena ʻo Antioquia.
Leleʻele loa ka loaʻa ʻana o Leopardus tigrinus ma nā wahi ākea, no laila ʻaʻole i kākau pono ʻia kona ʻāpana. ʻIke ʻia ka holoholona i kahi o nā aupuni o ʻAmelika Hema e like me Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador a me Uruguay.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano pīkoi ma nā ululāʻau subtropical a makemake i nā lāʻau kūloʻo a me nā nāhele lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 40 a 3000 m ma luna o ke kai, akā ma muli o ka pale kolohe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i nā kūlana semi-arid.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
He holoholona nui ʻo Oncilla, akā he māla mākaukau hoʻi, e hele pono ana ma nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā pōhaku.
ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea kūʻai i nā nocturnal, akā ma nā wahi e like me Kaatinga, kahi i loaʻa ai ka lizards i ke ao kahi punahele nui o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lā āpau. ʻO nā Young Oncils purr, a ʻike ʻia nā pākeke e puʻupuʻu pokole, kūmole ke kani ke hālāwai lākou i nā ʻohana.
Hiki maikaʻi nā Tigril i kaʻauʻau ʻana, akā e hana pēlā ma nā manawa pōpilikia.
Loaʻa kēlā me kēia kanaka i kāna wahi hānai holoholona me nā palena i hōʻailona ʻia me ka urine a ʻalā. I nā kāne he mau a hiki i 20, a i nā wahine hoʻi a hiki i 3 mau kilomita square.
Ke ʻano kai
E like me nā lālā o ko ka ʻohana feline, ʻo kēia manu kōpana e pono ai i ka ʻiʻo hou i kēlā me kēia lā e ola ai.
ʻAi ʻo Oncilla i nā ʻanoʻai he nui. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ia kēia:
- nā maʻi liʻiliʻi
- Iihilihi
- nā manu a me nā hua mai nā ʻaheʻe luku loa.
- pauwelu
- lāʻau ʻāʻā (paʻakikī) liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi manawa, e ʻai ka pōpoki i ka lau nahele e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpū a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ke ʻōnaehana gastrointestinal.
Huli aku kekahi moena liʻiliʻi i ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ma kahi lōʻihi no ka lōʻihi o kahi hola, e koho ana i kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻouka ai, a ʻo ka wā kokoke, e kiʻi ana iā ia e hopu a pepehi i ka mea make, e kuʻi ana i ka ʻāʻī me kona mau ʻāʻī.
Puberty a me ka hoʻohuli
Noho ʻo estrus wahine mai ka 2 a 10 mau lā, i nā kānaka kahiko ke pōkole ka pōkole.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o Tigrilles i ka hihiu. ʻO ka manawa hoʻohālikelike, hana ʻia nā pulu paʻa a ʻo ke hoa aloha wale nō kekahi me kekahi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka estrus i ka wahine, ua haʻalele ke kāne i kāna kaikamahine. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ka lua a mālama wale i ka hua.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Oncilli mai kahi ʻekolu a ʻekolu mau ʻūlani (maʻa mau he 1) ma hope o kahi gestation, e hoʻomaka ana mai 73 a 77 lā.
Kūpono nā maka o nā kittens ma hope o ʻewalu a ʻumikumamāhiku mau lā, ʻo ia kahi manawa lōʻihi ma kahi o ka holoholona o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole like me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, kahi e nānā mua ai nā mea e ulu ʻia nā niho, ua ʻoki ʻia a emi iki paha nā niho o ka pu o Oncilla, i ke ʻano o 21 mau lā.
ʻAʻole hoʻomaka ka Kittens e lawe i ka meaʻai paʻa a hiki iā lākou ke 37-57 mau lā (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā pua hānai), akā pau ka lepo mai ka makuahine.
Oncillas hiki i ka wā kahiko i nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻelua a me ka hapa. Noho lākou i loko o kā lākou kama'āina no kahi he 11 paha makahiki, akā aia nō ma laila ua ʻike kekahi i hiki i kekahi poʻe i nā makahiki 17.
I ka pio, hiki i nā Tigrils ke ola i 20-25 mau makahiki.
E ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka hihiu, ʻo ka ʻike wale i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka male ʻana i nā kāne male pio.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka wahine i hala no kekahi mau lā me kahi manawa gestation o 74 a 78 lā. ʻO ka litter he 1-2 mau kittens, a wehe nā pēpē i ko lākou mau maka i ka makahiki heʻalua mau pule. Manaʻo nā Cubs mai Pepeluali a ʻAukake. Kuhi kiki ʻia kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻelua.
ʻAʻole kūpono ia na Oncilla no ka mālama ʻana i loko o ka hale a i ʻole ka hale noho. He holoholona hihiu maikaʻi kēia, ʻike ʻole i ka hoʻowalewale.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e ʻalo i kahi kuhi liʻiliʻi ʻo Tigrilla, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā ʻōpiopio e hoʻoneʻe nō ia i ka neʻe, no ka mea, ua lanakila ka leʻaleʻa hihiu i kēia manawa ma luna o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kānaka.
ʻO ka hoʻopae ʻana o ka holoholona e pono ka nui, ʻaʻole e emi iho ma mua o 90-120 mau mita square. m., no ka mea, ua pono kēia kime i ka hoʻoikaika kino. Pono e hāʻawi nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu, hoʻonoho i nā ʻōpala lāʻau, nā pale a me nā keʻena no ka piʻi ʻana.
Eia kekahi, pono e nānā pono i ka kaohi wela, no ka mea he cat thermophilic cat a maʻalahi wale nō ke ola i nā frosts. No ka manawa maloʻo, pono ke hele pono ke ala hoʻoilo.
Pono ka hoʻonohonoho ponoʻana i nā meaʻai - hiki ke ʻai wale i nā lau maka me ka momona, ka manu, ka manu, nā moʻo i kēlā me kēia lā, nā ʻua, nā kiʻi. Hoʻopili ke ʻano i ka holoholona i hōʻole ʻole i ka ʻai.
ʻO ka Deworming, mālama ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau o waho, pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa makahiki ʻana, e like me kekahi mau puaʻa.
Ma Brazil i loaʻa nā kuleana kūikawā no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, eia nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā meaʻai kūʻai e kōkua i ka hoʻopili, e like me ka mea e kū nei i ke kūlohelohe, noho ʻo Tigrins ma aneʻi.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, he nui nā Oncils i nā zoos a me nā kīkī lahui, a ma ʻEulopa wale nō i loko o nā zoos.
I ka pio, hānai ʻano maikaʻi ʻo Tigrils, akā he nui make me nā make o nā keiki i ko lākou makahiki mua o ke ola.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Ua kāpae ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) iā Oncilla he mau iwi hoʻoweliweli. ʻO kēia kumu nui paha ma ka hoʻoweliweli o ka ulu lāʻau ʻana a me ka poaching. Ua make ʻia ʻo Oncillas no kā lākou mau ʻili, ka mea i ʻimi nui ʻia a kūʻai pinepine ʻia e like me ka hulu momona. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike ma 1972 a me 1982 ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo kēia holoholona he hoʻokahi o nā ʻano mea ʻehā i ʻi ʻia e ʻānai ʻia o nā pua manu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi kumu nui i hāʻawi ʻia i ka make me ka nui o ka make ma Oncil ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kanaka, ka hoʻonoho ʻana o ia mau ʻāina i hana i kahi manawa i kipa ʻia no nā pōpoki manu. ʻO nā mea kanu kofe i hana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā hale noho o Tigrin.
I loko o nā CITES International Convention on Wildlife Trade, ʻo ka Oncillas aia i ka annex mua e pāpā ana i kekahi kālepa kuʻuna ma kēia holoholona hihiu a i ʻole nā huahana mai kona mau ʻili. Ke ʻae ʻia nei ka Keʻena liʻiliʻi ʻoihāle e ʻae ʻia i ʻEkuador, Guyana, Nicaragua a me Peru.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka home kūlohelohe o Oncil, ua loaʻa nā mea kīpē i ka holo ʻana me ka cat Joffrua (Leopardus geoffroyi), me ka pua ʻo Pampas (Leopardus pajeros). Hiki i kēlā ʻano kīloi ke ʻano me ke ʻano kūlohelohe, a me ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻina, e like me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano, ʻaʻole kū ʻia e nā ʻepekema.
ʻO keʻano o ka helehelena
ʻO ka inoa "Oncilla" unuhi ʻia ka "jaguar liʻiliʻi". ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa, he ʻano like kēia me ka jaguar i loko o ke kinikona, ʻaʻole wale nō i ka waiho kala wale nō, akā, ʻo ke kino, a me ke ʻano nui o ke kino.
He palupalu ka hulu o ka holoholona, akā pōkole, ʻo ka hina nui ka hina. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma ka māmā ma mua o ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopili i nā kīhāpai lōkihi ʻaluna ma ka pūtiki, ua uhi ʻia ke kihi o ka huʻu me nā kaula transverse. ʻO nā apoʻeleʻele o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpala, kahi paʻa i ka puni o ke kino. I waena o kēia mau mea hoʻolaha, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻelima me ka melanism - loaʻa ke ʻano ʻeleʻele - ʻo kā lākou helu ma ka 20% o ka heluna o ka nui.
Nani ka nui o ka wild oncilla - he nui iki ia ma mua o ka ʻīlio home, akā i ka nui o ka nui o nā ocot a me nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i noho i nā ʻalā. ʻO ka paona o ke kāne nui, ma kahi o 2.8-3 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 65 cm.ʻupuʻu ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou kino ma mua o 1.5-2.5 kg. Maʻa ikaika ke kino o ka mea nāna i kūlohelohe, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pale i ka lilo ʻana i ka dexterous a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO ka huelo ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (a i ke 35-40 cm) a me ka mānoanoa, movable. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o Forefeet ma mua o nā wāwae hind. Hoʻopau nā peʻa, ikaika a kū i ke ala.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeiao, kū a nui a nui loa, me ka ʻole o kahi ana. Ua uhi ʻia ko lākou wahi ʻāpana me kahi aniani māmā, a ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao waho me ka hulu ʻulaʻula. Mamua o ka waena o kēlā me kēia pepeiao kekahi kiʻi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Aia kahi hōʻailona hiʻohiʻona hōʻailona ma ka maka o nā holoholona ma ka pūlima, nā papālina a me nā iʻa. ʻO nā maka o nā oncils ka nui a nui i ka haʻi, ʻike maoli ʻia mai ka mua o ke ʻano o ka helehelena āpau. Kūkulu ka waihoʻoluʻu mai ko lākou ʻula ʻula a me ka mālamalama i ka brown. Kūleʻa a kū paʻa nā haumāna.
Hoʻaiho
He ʻano nui ka noho ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki, akāʻo ka mosaic, ma ka nui o nā wahi he nui wale nā kānaka liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou mea noho punahele ka mauna a me nā ululāʻau subtropical evergreen ma nā wahi like o ʻAmelika Hema, Colombia, Brazil a me Panama. Ma kahi o lākou, hiki i kahi mea kuhi liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa i nā moʻo makemona o nā eucalyptus, shrubbery a me savannah, a me nā wahi i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka deforestation. I ke kuahiwi, piʻi ka oncilla i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-3.2 tausani mau mika. Ma nā wahi e kahele ai, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mau subspecies o ka pōpō hihiu:
- Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus, loa ʻike ʻia ma ka hikina Venezuela, ma Guyana a ma nā ʻāpana-ʻākau-hikina o Brazil,
- Leopardus tigrinus guttulus, loaʻa ma waena o hema a me Brazil hema, Uruguay a me Paraguay, a i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika,
- ʻO ka leardus tigrinus pardiniodes, e noho ana ma Kolombia, ʻEkuador a me ke Komohana Venezuela.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano haʻahaʻa mai kekahi i kekahi - he ʻokoʻa kā lākou kapa a me ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa iki wale lākou a pau. Ke papa ʻia nei i ka holo ʻana iā lākou ma ka hapa nui o ka laha, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ʻEkuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama a me Peru.
Kuhi ʻia ka heluna nui o nā ʻano i ka 50 tausani kanaka, akā e emi iki ia ma muli o ka poaching a me ka luku ʻana o ka noho. Wahi a ka helu honua, loaʻa kēia ʻano pili i ka pili ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona
ʻO Oncilla kahi pōpoki hihiu me kahi ʻano wiwo ʻole a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā holoholona. ʻImi ʻo ia i ka leʻalā a he paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale (ʻo nā hihia ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka lula). Ma waena o kona mau hoahānau, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i ka hana nui, ka mākeke a me ke aloha i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole e hōʻeuʻeu nā mea wali liʻiliʻi i kekahi kanaka a hoʻāʻo e pakele iā ia, akā hana ʻino loa lākou i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi mau hihia i kahi puaʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hana pū ana me kahi hakakā me nā mea kū'ē aʻe i keu i ka lanakila. Hōʻike kēia i ka wiwo ʻole o nā oncils - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i ka holo ʻana, ke pale pono wale iā lākou iho inā pono maoli nō.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e lilo ka oncilla hihiu i lilo i aloha aloha a mālie. Hiki iā ia ke pili i kekahi kanaka a hōʻike i ka hilinaʻi a mālama i ka pili iā ia, akā, e noho mau ʻo ia me kahi holoholona hihiu me kāna mau hana a me nā hana ʻole.
Holo a me ka meaʻai
E like me nā pōpoki āpau, ʻo ka oncilla kahi i hoʻoiho. ʻOiai me kā lākou liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau holoholona hihiu me ka mākaʻi loea, e pepehi pinepine ana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou. Makemake lākou i ka ʻimi i ka pō. Ke ʻike nei i ka mea i make, hiki i ka pōʻaleʻa hihiu ke kali no nā hola i loko o kahi hoʻohālua, e ʻimi ana i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻouka ai. Ke hele kokoke mai kekahi holoholona hihiu nānā, holo koke ʻo ka oncilla iā ia, e hopu ana i kekahi mau kekona.
ʻAʻole like i nā pōpoki home, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kēia poʻe neʻe i ka pāʻani me nā mea ʻai me ka pepehi a make me ka puhi pololei ʻana i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole hoʻi mau poʻo. Nā kūpeʻe ikaika a me nā niho ikaika ikaika e kōkua iā lākou i kēia. ʻO ka meaʻai ʻa kekahi
- nā wahi liʻiliʻi e kaho ana i ko lākou noho me kēia mau pua ʻuʻuku,
- na manu mai ka mea kahakaʻi e hānai aku i nā hulu i mua o ka ʻai ʻana,
- nā hua i waiho ʻia ma nā ʻuʻuku
- nā mea ʻino ʻona a me nā baki lāʻau (e like me nā hōʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ʻia).
- iʻa - inā ola ka holoholona ma kahi o kahi kō.
Wahi a kekahi mau mea ʻike maka, ma Brazil oncilli i kekahi manawa ma luna o nā heihei liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū maikaʻi maikaʻi e ʻae i nā pōpoki exotic e hopu a pepehi i ka primile, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou iho i kahi ʻai manawa. Ma ka hānai holoholona, kōkua ʻia nā mea kōkua e ko lākou wikiwiki wale nō a me ka lokomaikaʻi, akā ma ke ʻano he mea makemake nui ʻia, a me nā ʻono maikaʻi loa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i ka mea i ka pō o ka nahele pō.
ʻO ka mālama a mālama pono i ka hua
Pono loa nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma oncilla i ka wā e nānā ana i nā mea i paʻa. Loaʻa nā wahine o kēia mau holoholona i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, a ʻo ke kāne - hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau makahiki. Ke hāʻule nei nā manawa o nā pāʻani hoʻokūkū ma Pepeluali a me Malaki. ʻO ka estrus i loko o nā pōpoki e mau lā 3-9, ʻoi loa ka lōʻihi o ke ana me ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, mālama pono nā kāne i nā wahine a kaua no lākou. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻū nui a uē.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i nā wahine hānai mai 74 a 78 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā keruba, ʻaʻohe a me nā mea ʻuʻuku - ko lākou momona ma mua o 100 grika. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine hoʻokahi wale nō kime i loko o ka brood, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi a ʻelua paha mau mea o lākou. Kūpī ʻia nā maka o nā ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi i ke wiki lua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola, a hoʻomaka ka niho nā niho i ka makahiki 20-23 mau lā.
I nā mahina ʻekolu ʻekolu, e hilinaʻi nui loa nā keiki i ko lākou makuahine a hānai i kāna waiū. I ka huli ʻana o 12-13 mau hebedoma, e hoʻoneʻe ka ʻoi iā lākou i ka ʻai i ka ʻiʻo a aʻo ka ʻimi e huli - aia i kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala nei nā keiki i nā niho. I nā makahiki he 3.5 mau mahina, hoʻololi maoli nā kime i ka meaʻai paʻa.
I ka manawa like, lilo nā keiki oncilla i mea kūʻokoʻa ʻole o ko lākou makuahine, hoʻomaka e pāʻani kūʻokoʻa, hopu a holo i ka ʻāina o ka hoʻopuni. Akā e pau wale i ka nohona palekana o ka zoo - ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā Kittens me ko lākou makuahine me ka nui o nā ululāʻau ʻoi aku. I nā mahina 11, hiki i nā mea kuhi liʻiliʻi ke nui i ka nui o ka pākeke.
I ka nahele, ke ola maʻamau o ka oncilla he 12-14 makahiki. I loko o ke pio ʻana, ola ke kanaka hoʻokahi i ka 20-23. Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei lākou i nā mea lapaʻau kūikawā, mai kahi e kūʻai aku ai lākou i nā lako a i nā pilikino pilikino wale nō.
ʻO ka holoholona hihiu ʻo Oncilla, no laila, ʻo kona loaʻa ʻana e like me nā holoholona he lawe i kekahi mau pilikia. ʻAʻole ia e mālama i ka mālama ʻana i kēlā pēpē i ka hale o ka hale, a i ka mālama ʻana pono e pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i nā nuances e like nei:
- I mea e hauʻoli ai ka holoholona a me ka olakino, pono ia e hāʻawi i kahi pā i kahi ākea me ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu. Pono ia i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea nānā ke hoʻohālike iā lākou, hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻohana no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻomaha. Pono ia e mālama pono i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi papa mahana kahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai ka oncilla.
- No ka maikaʻi ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, he mea nui ia e hōʻoia i ka holo ʻole lākou. Pono nā puka makani āpau i loko o ka lumi i kau ʻia ai me nā grilles paʻa. ʻO nā koho paʻa i makemake ʻia.
- ʻAʻole pono nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e komo pū me nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio, i ka wahi e mālama ai i ka mea hoʻoholo. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi iā lākou he mea pio, hoʻohewa a hōʻino paha i nā palena ʻāina. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā keiki i kēia holoholona, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea pōʻino no ka pākeke.
- ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o Oncillas, paʻa a loaʻa i ke ala nocturnal, i kekahi manawa he leo nui. Pono kēia e noʻonoʻo i ka wā e loaʻa ai kēlā holoholona lohi.
- Pono ʻoe e hānai i kahi pōlio hihiu me ka ʻiʻī hou - maʻamau ʻia ʻo ka pipi no kēia. No ke kākoʻo i ka olakino, nā lako ʻĀpana-minima piha i loaʻa i nā ʻano pānaʻi me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai e hoʻolilo i loko o kaʻai. Ke hānai nei i kēia poʻe predator, noho kaʻai i loko o ke ʻano o nā rodents a i ʻole nā manu manu e hoʻohana nui ʻia - ke ʻimi nei no lākou e mālama ka holoholona i kahi maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, pono lākou e hoʻonohonoho maʻamau i kēlā lā pōloli, ma hope o ka papa hana.
- ʻO ke ola olakino, nā maʻi, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻānela ua loiloi maikaʻi ʻia. No laila, he mea makemake ia e lilo i ka poʻe pio i lalo o ka mālama mau ʻana o ka mea doktor.
He hiki nō ke hoʻopiha holoholona kūloko maoli e hoʻopakele i kahi pilikia i ka mea nona ka mea ʻona, a mālama pono hoʻi e kūʻai ʻia nui, akā manaʻo kekahi e pono ka nani o kēia holoholona. Ke kūʻai lāʻau oncilla he hana koʻikoʻi ia e pono ai ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i ke kau ʻana, e kaupaona ana i ka mea e hoʻopi a me nā ʻoluʻolu. ʻAʻole wale kēia he holoholona hihiu o nā pōpoki home, akā ʻo kahi holoholona hihiu wale.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hilinaʻi nei i nā mea e like me ka wahine, ka makahiki, ka ikaika a me ka nani o ka kala, a me ke ʻano o ka pedigree. Hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai mai 2 mau kālā US, aia ma kahi o 135 tausani mau rubles. Ke kūʻai pono nei i kēia mau holoholona exotic i nā māka. Ma laila, hoʻāla ʻia nā pōpoki hihiu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana kūikawā. Hana ʻia nā Kittens i kahi koho paʻa, hoʻoneʻe i ke kanaka, loaʻa ka mālama pono a me nā maʻi. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi palapala pākuʻi a me nā palapala ʻē aʻe no kēlā me kēia holoholona. Hāʻawi nā poʻe limahana o ka mea lawe i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a me nā lawelawe e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka holoholona i kahi noho hou.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO Oncilla kahi lālā kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana pili. ʻO kahi pēpē laikini dimenika he dexterous hunter i loko o kona kahi. ʻOiai ka nui o nā pōpoki hihiu he nui, ʻo ka oncilla he holoholona liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo kona nui he mea pōmaikaʻi ma luna o nā mea hoʻokūkū ma ka manena meaʻai. Nui nā subspecies o oncilla, i ʻokoʻa mau i ko lākou noho.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ʻekolu, ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia kēia ʻaoʻao i ʻelua mau subspecies:
- tigrosus tigrinus tigrinus,
- leopona tigrinus guttulus,
- Pardinoides leopardus tigrinus.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ka kala a me ka ʻano o ka panana, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa ʻole nā ʻokoʻa ʻole, no laila ua nīnau pinepine ʻia ka ʻano o oncilli. Kīu ʻuʻuku i iho mai miatsid - nā mea like i like me nā martens nui i noho i ka Paleocene. Ma ka Oligocene, ua lilo kēia mau holoholona i mea hihiʻo manuahi, e noho ana i ka wē o ka pali ʻai.
Wikiō: Oncilla
Ma laila ka hoʻomaka ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā subfamilia kumu:
- mau ʻōpū nui e like me ka tiger, lioniona, cheetah, leopadi,
- mau puaʻa liʻiliʻi - manul, cat cat, oncilla a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
- nā pēpē ʻawae hou i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia i ka hope o ka Pleistocene.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka oncilla i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, he kumu no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōpoki o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā pēpē nui. ʻO ka hoahānau pili pili loa o ka oncilla i kēia manawa, ʻo ka leopona (a panther paha). Ua kūlike ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻoiai he like me ka leopona i hōʻike ka lau, a, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ke ala o ke ola, no nā ʻano like ʻole.
Mālama
Tigrinus leopalani nui ka noho ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kēia mau pōpoki e hiki ke loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ʻelua o Costa Rica a ma ʻAmelika. Aia ka pae ʻāina i loko o Puni a me Guiana (i.e., Guyana, Guiana, Suriname) a i kekahi mau wahi o Venezuela, Kolombia, ʻEkuador, Bolivia a me Paraguay. Aia hoʻi he manaʻo no ka loaʻa paha ma kekahi mau wahi i Nicaragua a me Panama.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO Oncilli, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi a me nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua kākau ʻia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 3200 m ma luna o ke kai. Makemake lākou i ka nui o nā mea ulu lāʻau a loaʻa ia i nā ʻano nui o ka nui o nā mea kanu nahele, ʻoiai lākou e ʻike nei i nā ʻano lāʻau ākea ākea a hiki i ka 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai. Mai 350 a 1,500 m, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻikaʻi ma nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻi a i ʻole nā māulala. Mai 1,500 m a i luna, hiki ke ʻike i kēia ʻano i nā ʻalāʻau ʻāhu ʻūhuʻu a i ʻole nā māululu manuahi e ʻike nui ʻia. Hōʻike ka nui o nā ʻikepili i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ko lākou heluna ma nā wao nahele a me nā subtropika, a ma Brazil, ua hāleʻa lākou i nā savannas a me nā mea kanu semi-arid. ʻOiai ka mea paʻa o nā oncillas piʻi mākaukau i nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ia nā holoholona terasima.
Wahi e noho ai ka oncilla?
Kuhi: Oncilla ma ke ʻano
ʻO nā Oncillas nā pōpoki subtropical e noho ana i kahi aniani, kahi mahana wela. Loaʻa mau pinepine iā lākou ma Costa Rica, ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Panama, ma ka hema o Brazil a me ʻAmelika mua. I ka manawa like, pale nā pōpoki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi ākea: no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka oncilla kokoke i ka puna ʻo Amazon, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka nui o kona mau ʻōhua noho me kēia wahi. Hoʻohālike ka like me ka mosaic, a ma kekahi mau wahi he nui loa.
Hoʻokumu i nā ʻano holoholona, noho ka oncils i kēia mau wahi.
- tigrosus tigrinus tigrinus - Venezuela, Guyana, ʻākau loa Brasil,
- Leopona lepona lepona - kūloko a me ke kūkulu hema o Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, ʻākau o ʻAmelika.
- Leardus tigrinus pardinoides - Western Venezuela, Kolombia, ʻEkuador.
Hāpai a Oncillas i nā lāʻau kūpono a pili mālie me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻāhu ʻana iā lākou - hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3200 ma luna o ke kai. ʻOiai ke ʻano nui o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki. Makemake lākou i nā nahele, ʻoiai e loaʻa i loko o ka savannah, e noho ana ma nā lāʻau sela. Noho ka hapa nui o nā oncillas i ke anuanu haʻahaʻa subtropical. Aia nā hōʻike e ulu ana ka heluna nui o nā oncillas i nā ulu pohō, no laila, kokoke kēia wahi a kokoke i ka noho maikaʻi loa.
Ano oe e ike ma kahi a oncilla e noho nei. E ʻike i nā mea a kēia pōʻai e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea e kai ai ma oncilla?
Kiʻi ʻAi: Oncilla Cat
ʻAʻohe ʻike pololei loa e pili ana i ka mea e ʻai a ka oncilla. Ua alakaʻi ka holoholona i kahi ʻano pilikino a makaʻala i nā kānaka, no laila, paʻakikī ka nānā ʻana iā ia ma ka hihiu.
E kāʻili ana paha ʻo ia i nā holoholona ma hope iho:
Aia ke hōʻike me ka oncillas i ʻike nui ʻia i kā lākou papaʻai. Eia ka ʻai, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻai i nā manu me nā hulu, akā hoʻopili mua ʻia i nā hulu mai kahi manu make, a laila ʻai wale ia. Penei ka hōʻike i kahi kaila o ka hoʻoliʻina o nā oncils, no ka mea ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka waiwai o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā poʻe maikaʻi ma Oncillas. Holo lākou i ka hoʻokū, e like me ka hapanui o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana cat, ʻaʻole i hoʻokele i ka alualu. Ma muli o ko lākou'āpana camouflage, ʻike ʻole lākou i waena o nā lau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻōliki ke neʻe koke ma ka lula o nā kumulāʻau - ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hele ma waena o nā lālā manamana.
Mea ʻoiaʻiʻo: I ka wā pōloli, hiki i kēia mau pēpē ke ʻai i nā pepeke nui a me nā huaʻala, kahi nui e noho nei ma nā subtropical thickets.
Noho ʻo Oncilla i ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai i kona nui a me ka noho. I ka neʻe ʻana aku i ka mea pio, hopu ʻo ia i ka pu lōʻihi, e hoʻāhu koke ana i ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī ʻīlio, a laila pepehi koke iā ia.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Oncilla kitten
Ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻo Ontsilli i ka manawa nui me kahi hoa kōkua i ka wā hoʻoulu. Loaʻa nā meles a me nā wahine i kēlā me kēia i ka honi a hoʻomaka i kahi launa ʻole. Mālama lākou ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi, e ʻeleʻilo i nā maka o kekahi a e launa pū kekahi.
Hiki i nā kāne ke lilo a make i ka wahine a hiki i nā makahiki ʻelua, a ʻo ke kāne ke hānai i nā keiki a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. E manawa ka lā he 3-9 lā ma ka estrus ka manawa o nā pāʻani hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole nui nā ʻike e pili ana i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani o ka oncillas i ka lewa, akā ma ka home, makemake nui kēia mau pōpoki e hoʻohua mau i nā hua me hoʻokahi hoa.
ʻO ka male ma Oncils i ka lā Malaki, a ʻo ka wahine hānau ka 75 mau lā. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, haʻalele ke kāne i ka wahine a hoʻi hou i ka neʻe o ke ola maʻamau. I loko o ka wā o ka manawa, lawe ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻokahi ʻakahi, akā i kekahi manawa he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.
ʻAʻohe hānai a nā kamekau hou a lō iki ʻole i ke paona o 100 grā. Hoʻopaka lākou i ko lākou mau maka maikaʻi i ka hebedoma, akā hiki i ka makapō ke hiki i ka 18 mau lā. Mālama ka wahine iā lākou i kahi neoneo: i loko o kahi kumulāʻau mānoʻopaʻa, nā mānoanoa hoʻi, kahi lua i haʻalele ʻia ai e kekahi. Ma laila e noho ai nā cubs a hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka ʻiʻo - a ʻo kēia paha ma kahi o 5-7 wiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Kūleʻa nui ʻo Teethi, ma loko mau o nā hola he 21 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kahi lā hope loa kēia, akā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā kimeens e loaʻa kā lākou niho āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka 4 mau mahina wale nō, lilo kūʻokoʻa nā kittens i ko lākou makuahine, a hiki i ka nui o nā pākeke ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻO nā mea hoʻonani pipi Oncilla
Kiʻi ʻAi: Oncilla Cat
ʻO ka Oncilla kahi mea weliweli, ʻoiai ʻo kona liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻohe ona mau kumu kūlohelohe e ʻimi kūpono ana no kēia ʻōpio. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā holoholona e hoʻokau i kahi hoʻoweliweli ʻole ʻia i ka oncilla.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano nui o nā moʻoola i mea e pale ai iā lākou iho e hoʻouka i ka oncilla. ʻAʻole nā pokole i ka wikiwiki a me ka dexterity i kēia pēpē, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha loa a make paha. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke lele i ka oncilla e hoʻouka i nā primates, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ke hoʻouka aku lākou i ka mea pio, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou.
Hiki i nā manu ākea nui ke hoʻoweliweli i ka oncilla. Inā piʻi ka ʻai i ka lāʻau ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, e maʻalahi maʻalahi i ka manu o ka hopu ʻia e lawe mai ia mai kahi lālā. Ke kaupaona nei ʻo Oncilla, no laila, hiki i ka harpy a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā ʻaeto ke lawe maʻalahi i loko o kā lākou mau wāwae. Ua pili kēia i nā kittens.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ka Pythons a me nā boas i ka oncilli, ʻoiai ua lohi iki lākou. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka ʻeke i kahi boa i uhi ʻia e kona ʻono a hopu i nā leo liʻiliʻi, no laila, ʻaʻole i mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e nā pākeke. Akā hiki i ka boa ke kahakiʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palupalu e hoʻopau ʻino ana i ka nūnū me nā ʻapo makapō. Pēlā nō, loaʻa i nā naile liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke keiki kūleʻa hou aʻe inā aia ka makuahine ma ka prowl.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka oncilla?
Ua emi nui ʻo Oncilli i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Aia kekahi mau kumu pono, no ka mea e pili nui ana me nā mea anthropogenic. Mawahi o ka nohona ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina ʻana. Hoʻokomo pū kēia me ka deforestation no nā māla kofe, e lawe ʻia ana i nā wahi a pau. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Oncilli e ʻimi i kahi wahi palekana, ʻo ia ke kumu e make mau ai lākou i ka pōloli a i ʻole nā kiki pōloli.
I kekahi mau wahi, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi luku o nā oncils. ʻO kēia ke kumu i ka manawa i kekahi manawa ke kamaʻāina o ka oncilla intersect me nā ʻĀina kanaka, kahi hiki i nā holoholona ke hōʻeha i nā moa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻino kēia i ka mahiʻai a me ke kumu i haʻalele ʻole ʻia ai i waena o ka poʻe Aborigini.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Oncilli no ka luku ʻana i ka malo. Ua kūʻai nui ʻia nā paʻu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he kumu kūpono - ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, a pono nā hana i lole e puha i kahi lole.
Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Ontsillas e like me nā holoholona home. ʻO kahi ala maikaʻi loa kēia e loaʻa ai i kahi holoholona, no ka mea paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka oncilla - he pua maikaʻi maoli a ʻinoʻino loa. Hoʻokomo wale nā mea pio i lawe ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia kēia mau pōpoki i kekahi hale kalapu home, ʻoiai pio i ka haʻalele ʻana iā lākou e hoʻohālikelike, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ke pilikia nui mai ka noho ʻana ma hope o nā kānaka.
Ke kiai māka
Kuhi: Oncilla mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Oncilla i loko o ka Red Book ma lalo o ke kūlana o nā mea hihiu pili. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka, ua pālahalaha nā oncillas, ʻoiai nui loa lākou. ʻO ka Poaching kekahi mea hōʻeha maoli no ka poʻe o kēia mau pōpoki, ʻoiai mai ka manawa mai 1970 a 1980, ua luku ʻia nā haneli he ʻumi tausani. A i ka makahiki 1983, ua hopu ʻia nā ʻāpana he 84 tausani mai nā poepoe.
I kēia manawa, aia nā hika he 50 tausani. ʻAʻole paʻa ke kiʻi, a i kekahi manawa, e emi ai, a i kekahi manawa e emi ana ma muli o ka deforestation. ʻAi ʻia ka huluhulu manuahi, akā ma nā wahi he nui e noho ai ia, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ke kūlana o kekahi holoholona mālama.
ʻIa, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ia ma kēia wahi:
I loko o ke International Convention on Trade i nā holoholona manuahi a me nā mea kanu, oncilla i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka helu makahiki ma 1989. ʻAʻole hana kekahi hana kūikawā e kākoʻo aku ai a hoʻihoʻi i ka poʻe no ka pilikia paʻakikī o ke ʻano o kēia pōpoki. Ua maopopo maoli nō ua pau ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia.
Oncilla - he holoholona nani a make. ʻOiai ʻo kona helehelena maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻohui ʻia kēia pēpē no ke ola ma ka home ma muli o ke kūlohelohe a me ka hana i ka pō. Ke manaʻolana ia e hoihoi hou ia ka nui o ka oncillas i ka hihiu.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO ka maʻi Oncillas he nocturnal, akā hele mau i ka manawa ma ke ao. ʻOiai no ka nui o nā holoholona terrestrial, hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pōpoki no ka piʻi. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano o ka wā hoʻoulu, akā ke manaʻo ʻia he mau wahi mehameha. I ka ulu lāʻau, hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻeha nui i nā wahine. He mea maʻamau ka hānau ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki i nā holoholona ma mua o lākou iho.
Nā Hoʻoweliweli
Ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻo Ontsilli i ka nalowale ma muli o ka nalowale i kahi pōʻai holoholona e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pipi a me ka mahiʻai, nā kālepa holoholona kūloko a me nā kumulāʻau i nā kahu moa. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻia ko lākou helu ma nā wahi i noho nui ai nā pōpoki nui, a ma nā wahi kahi i nalo nui ai nā pōpoki nui, hiki i nā oncillas ke ulu a hiki i nā kūlana paʻakikī.
Kū maikaʻi
Hōʻowai kino ʻole ʻia ʻo Oncils i kā lākou wahi kikoʻī ma muli o ke ʻili maikaʻi o ke kino ʻulaʻula like i ka lole o nā ocelots a me nā pōpoki lōʻihi lōʻihi (margay). Ma waena o 1976 a me 1982, aia nā paʻu oncil i waena o nā ʻaka hihiu maikaʻi loa. Kuhi ʻia lākou i ka mākeke pua nani.
Ke kūlana palekana
Oncilla ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he pua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, tiger cat, ocelot a me tigrillo, akā ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mau inoa e wehewehe iā Margay lāua ʻo Ocelot cats, no ka mea nui o kā lākou ʻano heʻe ʻōpala nui.
Hiki ke hewa ʻia nā kahakaha no nā pōpoki lōʻihi (margay) a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻōpio, ʻo ia kahi paʻakikī o ko lākou helehelena i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ma Brazil kahi liʻiliʻi wale nō nā poʻe lawaiʻa mua a ʻo nā kānaka maoli e ʻike i nā ʻano ʻekolu i kekahi i kekahi.
I ka 2003, ma Brazil, ʻo ka mea mua o kēia mau pōpoki i komo i ka nānā ʻana i ka wikiō wikiō ma ka hihiʻo. He liʻiliʻi nā hoʻomanaʻo o kēia mau pōpoki ma Amazon.
Ma ke kūkulu hema o Brazil, ua pā ka huina o kā lākou ʻoki a me Geoffrey, a aia kekahi mau hōʻike e pili ana i ka hybridization ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua.
Huli ʻia ʻo Oncils no ko lākou hulu, ma ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike e pili ana i nā pōpoki ʻAmelika Hema ma waena o 1976 a me 1982, ʻo ka Oncillas kekahi o nā ʻano ʻehā o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke kālepa. He mea paʻakikī i ka nānā ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli i kēia ʻano inā ʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi. ʻ suggestlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hiki ʻana o ka oncils i ka ʻokiʻoki i nā kīkē a me nā mea kanu eucalyptus ma nā ʻaoʻao o São Paulo.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Oncillas he "mau holoholona nāwaliwali" ma ka papa inoa ʻula o ka IUCN o nā Haumana Hoʻopau. ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kēia mau pōpoki e like me nā CITES Appendix I, (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Spies of Wild Fauna and Flora), ʻike pinepine lākou i nā hale noho palekana. ʻAʻole paʻa loa nā phylogenetics o kēia ʻano, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻōlelo like ka nui o nā iwi e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o kā lākou pae.