ʻO nā papa pale i loaʻa i kahi iwi i uhi ʻia me ka waiwai horny (ke kāʻei pā pono a me nā pale i hoʻopili ʻia e ka elastic elela, i mea e hōʻoia pono ai ka holoʻokoʻa, ma ka nānā mua, ke ʻano nui.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Armadillo i kahi pōpō piha
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lauoho lauoho i ka ʻōpū a ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka wāwae. I ka nui o nā ʻano, ulu nā lauoho ʻokoʻa i waena o nā mea ʻoki ma ke kua. ʻOkoʻa ka kala kala o ka ʻulaʻula mai (ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā holoholona ʻōpio) a i ʻole ka hina. Pēlā ʻo ia e pale aku i ka holoholona mai nā mea wānana. Eia naʻe, kū'ē i ka manaʻoʻiʻo kaulana, ʻelua wale nō ʻano o nā hua o ke aloha armadillos ʻekolu mau ʻeka (Tolypeutes) e hiki ke hoʻopili i ka pōkole paʻa. Nui wale nā papa a me nā kāʻei i kēia.
ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho
ʻO Armadillos ka poʻe o nā wahi ākea (nā savannah, semi-deserto), akā noho kekahi ma ka ulu lāʻau, hiki ke holo wikiwiki a lele paha. Ke hoʻohana nei nā pale i nā pūnua. He maikaʻi loa kā Digger. Kōkua maikaʻi inā ʻūhā nā lua - ʻehā a ʻelima paha mau manamana lima lima me nā pihi ikaika. ʻElima mau ʻāpana lima ʻāpana o nā ʻulā. Ka pīhoihoi, ka holoholona i uhi ʻia me nā pale kaua me ka maikaʻi, ke lanakila nei i nā muliwai ākea. Hiki i nā Armadillos ke hoʻonui i ka lauoyancy o ke kino e ka mea hoʻōla wai. Hiki iā lākou ke kiele - no laila, hiki i ke kaua kauaiwaʻeiwa ʻeiwa i lalo o ka wai no nā minuke ʻeono.
Hoʻokahi ʻo Armadillos, kēlā me kēia kanaka i kū i kāna pūnaewele ponoʻī. Hōʻailona pono nā Males i ko lākou ʻāina, kahi like me ka ʻīlio a loko paha. Aia hoʻokahi make ka mea kaua e noho ana ma loko o ka pahu make mai ka lepo: ma kēlā me kēia manawa ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia o ke kelepona, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia iā ia.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai nā armadillos?
ʻO ka meaʻai o nā armadillos e loaʻa i ka meaʻai a nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea nui o ka moʻo, he mau ʻolua a me ka termites. Haka nā holoholona i nā pale i nā pepeke me nā pale, a laila e hōʻili i kā lākou ʻai me ka alelo pili lōʻihi. ʻAno ʻano like ʻole ka nui o nā ʻano he nui: hoʻoliʻoli ʻoliʻoli lākou i nā invertebrates a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi (no ka laʻana, ka mea kīloi, nā rodents, nā manu), nā huaʻai, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻowahāwahā i ka kalima a me nā wahi ʻai.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i waena o nā mommals ʻo ka hānau hou ʻana o nā armadillos. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mua ka lohi i ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka embryo, hiki ke hiki i nā manawa ʻelua a ʻehā mau malama (i kekahi manawa ʻelua mau makahiki). ʻAi kēia i ka wahine e "kuhi" i ka manawa hānau o ka manawa hānau me nā kūlana maikaʻi loa (nui o ka meaʻai, ka mahana kūpono). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ka mea i loko o kekahi mau ʻano (no ka laʻana, ʻeiwa mau ʻeliʻiwa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kēlā me kēia mau hua ʻekahi (i loko o nā momi ʻē aʻe, me nā kānaka pū kekahi, he hanana ka ʻokoʻa ʻole).
ʻO ka helu o nā cubs mai ka hoʻokahi a i ʻehā, akā mau ka wahine a me nā kāne. Loaʻa i nā armadillos hou i loaʻa i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki o ke kala ʻulaʻula māmā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, paʻakikī ʻo ia ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā papa iwi. Ma kahi kokoke i maopopo kahi e pili ana i ke ola o nā armadillos ma ke ʻano. Ma ka noho pio ana, ola lakou mai 4 a 20 mau makahiki.
Na hae o ka Armadillo
ʻOiai me ka hele ʻana o nā mea kaua, he nui nā holoholona kūlohelohe o kēia mau holoholona: ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nui o nā pōpoki hihiu a me nā canine, nā lāʻau ʻōpala. Hiki i nā pōpoki home me nā ʻīlio ke weliweli no ka poʻeʻelemakule a maʻa mau nā armadillos ʻōpio. Mālama ka poʻe i kekahi mau holoholona: ʻai nā kānaka i ka ʻiʻo, a kūʻai ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi e like me ka makana. Nui nā Armadillos e luku ʻia i nā alanui. I ka hopena o XX. ua emi ikaika ko lākou helu, no laila ua helu ʻia nā ʻano he 12 i loko o ke ʻImele Wili Nui, a ua kau ʻia ka lamellar a me nā armadillos i kēia manawa.
Ma kahi ʻōhumu ʻōhumu, ʻo nā armadillos, e like me ka pauku xenartre hāmeʻe, aia i ke kahua o ka hiki a pau. Akā aia hoʻokahi mea hoʻokahi - ka pūʻali koa ʻeiwa ʻeiwa. Ma ke kenekulia 20, ua hana kēia ʻano i kekahi ʻano "kolo hele kupaianaha" ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, ma waho aʻe o kona ʻano. I ka makahiki 1880, noho ʻo armadillos ma ka palena o ka United States a me Mexico, ma ke komohana o ka muliwaiʻo Rio Grande. Ma ka makahiki 1905, ua komo lākou i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka mokuʻāina o Texas ma Texas. Mai ia manawa mai, e hoʻomau ka hoʻomau nei ka pae a ua hopu i nā mokuʻāina o Kansas a me Missouri. ʻAʻole mauʻike nā kumu o kēia hoʻonui.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o nā armadillos
Hiki ke kali i ka kūleʻa o kēia wā mai kēia mau mea kaua kupanaha. |
ʻO Dupuis de Lom, i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā moku i kāhiko ʻia me nā pū o nā pu, lawe ʻia ke kumu o nā hoʻokolohua (1822) o ka poʻe Farani no ka mea hana Pecsan.
Kāhā nui nā pāpuni pōkā caliber caliber, e kī ana i nā kinipōpō me ka nui o ka hoʻonā ʻana mai nā wahi mamao loa i kahi mākaʻi lāʻau. Pono ʻia ka hao hao no nā ʻaoʻao o nā moku kaua e kūʻē i nā pōpoki. |
ʻO ka mea hou o ka manaʻo, pono ia e pana pana ʻole ma nā lūlū o nā moku ma ke ala e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai, akā aia ma nā ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao. No ke ʻano o ke kī ana, ua hoʻomohala ʻo A. Peksan i nā pū pōkole i hōʻo ʻia ka pahuhopu e hāʻawi aku i ka ikaika nui, neʻe ʻia ka muzzle, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ke keʻena e hoʻokipa i ka uku o ka uku, a no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ua hana ʻia ka ʻala. ʻO nā hoʻokolokolo ma Brest a me Kronstadt i ke kakahiaka nui o ka makahiki 1830 i hōʻike ai i kahi kī ʻana i pōkā ma luna o kahi moku lāʻau e hana ana i kahi ohe nui aʻe ma mua o ka square square a ua pohō i ka moku lāʻau me 20-25 mau pōkahi ma kahi mamao o 500-1000 mika. Ma Nowemapa 18, 1853, luku aku ka Admiral Nakhimov i ka mokuahi Tureke ma Sinop. Eia, no ka manawa mua, ua ho'āʻo ʻia nā pōkoi lāʻau i ke kaua.
A ʻo ka mea kaua, ua poina iā lākou e pili ana i 20 mau makahiki. Hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻike ke kuhina o ka Lālia Farani, ʻo Admiral Makot i ka manaʻo o Peksan a me ka maopopo o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ʻana o ka mea kaua, ua helu ʻo ia i ka hopena o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wā e kaua ai me ʻEnelani e kākau koke ʻo ia i kāna mau moku. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻEnelani i nā hoʻokolohua me ka mea kaua i ka puhoi o nā makahiki 1840. Akā, huli aʻela ka lula, e ʻoki ana i ka paulima hao, hāʻawi i ka nui o nā ʻāpana. Ua pīhoihoi ko lākou helehelena a me nā kuhi i kūpaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o nā hōʻike a me nā ʻauwa Pelekane kekahi manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka mea kaua. Akā ma hope o nā hakakā, ʻaʻole ka ʻike o ka Pelekania i ʻelua mau mea nui. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka pēpē e kūʻē i nā pale umauma i hōʻoka pinepine i nā pōkā, a ʻo ka lua, ʻaʻole i lawe mai ka Pelekane i ka mānoanoa o nā papa pale i ka mānoanoa ʻole i hiki ʻole i ka kumu ke komo i loko.
Ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kaua mua ma waena o nā moku ʻo ʻAmelika i ka wā o ka Pakele ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Hampton Roadstead ma Malaki 9, 1862, ma waena o armadillos Hoʻopau USS a CSS Kaleponi a hoʻopau i kahi hana.
ʻO ke kaua ākea piha loa o nā puali kaua i hoʻopā ʻia i ke kaua ʻo Liss ma Iulai 20, 1866 (ʻo ka mokupuni ʻo Vis, Kroatia) i ka wā kaua Austro-Italia i ka makahiki 1866-1867. ʻOiai ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana o ka poʻe Italia, ua hoʻopau ke kaua i ka lanakila taktika no nā Austrian, ka mea i hoʻohana nui i nā hana ramming.
ʻO Casemate Armadillos
ʻO nā pu o kēia ʻano moku e kālele ʻia ma kahi hoʻokahi a pale ʻia e ka pale kaua loa. ʻO ke kaua mua o kēia ʻano ʻo ka Pelekane Nā loea mākaʻi.
Ma loko o ka pūʻulu holo kaua piha a Lūkini, e like ʻo Bellerophon me ka ʻīlio hound e hiki ai ke uhaʻi i loko o ke awa o ka ʻenemi, a i ʻole ka luku ʻana i ka puahiwa ʻenemi inā e puhū, a peʻe paha i waho. |
ʻO Kamela ʻArmadillos
Lūʻau fr. ʻanuʻu - he pale palekana mai ka pū me nā mea kaua. I ka makahiki 1873, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea kaua kaua Barbet "Novgorod".
I ka makahiki 1875, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea hoʻokele lima o ka Pelekikena Popov Barbet (me ka waiho ʻana o Kiev i ka makahiki 1874).
ʻAʻole ko mākou moku he hiki ke neʻe i loko o ka wai pāpaku a me ke kaua hakakā ʻana me nā kahua kaua Lūkini. ʻO "Popovka" "Vice Admiral Popov" ka armadillo holo kaʻa mua kahe i ka honua, e lawe ana i nā pale kaua 19 ((356 mm) a me 40 mau ton (305 mm) mau pū. |
ʻAno Armadillo Maʻa pilame he pale pale kūʻai o 300 mm, nā kahua hoʻāla kaua i hiki mai ai iā ia he mau pale o 100 mm, a e pale ʻia ke kaʻe o ka wai āpau i kahi kaula ʻakeke o 550 mm ma waenakonu o nā pua a me 250 mm i ke kakaka a me ka ʻumi.
Armadillos
ʻO ke kaua me ka mea hana kiʻi ma hope o ke kāpena. ʻO ka moku mua o kēia ʻano he Pelekane Nā hana luku.
Ma 1869, e like me ka pāhana ʻo Popov ma St. Petersburg, i ka pā waʻa o Galerny Island, ua waiho ʻia ka mea kanu "Cruiser" ma 1872 "Peter the Great".
Ua lanakila loa ka poʻe Lūkini ma mua o kā mākou kuleana o ka hoʻoulu kaua ʻana o nā moku e kū nei, a no nā hana hou o ka kūkulu ʻana. ʻO kā lākou "Peter Nui" hiki ke hele i nā uka Pelekane, no ka mea he moku ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kā mākou mau kaua ponoʻī. |
Citadel Armadillos
E noʻonoʻo ka mea i paʻa i ka pā hale kapili 110 kapālua (33.5 mika) ka lōʻihi a he 75 (23 mau mika) ka laulā, e piʻi ana he 10 mau keke (3 mika) ma luna o ka wai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua ʻelua o ia mau pā kaua. E hoʻomaopopo pono i hiki i kēia mau pu ke pana i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ke kakaka, a me ke aʻa ʻelua, a ma ʻelua - a i nā ʻelua - i kekahi manawa ma ke kihi. E hoʻopiha i ka hapa o lalo o ke kai o ka pā pōhaku me ka puaa me kahi hipa i ka ʻāʻule a me ʻelua mau kaulike a me kahi ʻōpala o ka moku. - a e kiʻi ʻoe i kahi kiʻi o kēia moku. |
ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o nā armadillos
Ma kahi o ka ʻae ʻana i kekahi ʻano o nā moku o mua, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole i like ka like ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi iā lākou, a hiki nō hoʻi iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻē he kūʻokoʻa loa ia mau mea ma nā ʻano a pau. ʻO kahi moku e lele ai i ka lewa, ʻaʻole paha e mamao loa ia mai ka manaʻo nui mai ke kiaʻi ʻana o ke kai i lalo a hōʻalo paha i nā nalu. E hoʻopau loa ana ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka mana o kahi moku 100-pū a me kahi pālua ka lua o ka pūliki. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ke nānā nei ka pale i ka manawa hou o ka mōʻaukala o nā mokuʻāina. |
Pono kēlā me kēia moku e kau ana ma luna o ke kai i luna o ka wai o luna o ka wai, e hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻia a lawe ʻia i nā mea kaua kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi mamao e hiki ai, ʻo ke kūlike loa o ka "Monitor". |
Ua noi aku ʻo Cooper Coles i ka makahiki 1861 i kahi mea hou aku i nā pūʻali koa i kaha ʻia, e kuhi ana e waiho i nā mea kahakaha ma nā hale kiaʻi. Moku mua HMS ʻO Prince albert i haʻahaʻa i loko o ke kai i HMS Koa hola ma muli o nā kaʻa palupalu, akā ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hele ʻana i ka mākaʻi i manaʻo nui ʻia i ka Admiralty, no laila ua kūkulu ʻia ka HMS Kapenaaka, ma ke ano he nui ana. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Edward Reed i kahi hana hou e pili ana i nā hana kalima ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi HMS Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1865. Hoʻolālā ʻo E. Reed i ka hoʻouka kaua kaua o HMS Hoʻolaha a ʻoiai ua waiho ʻia ma hope aku o ka Rusia "Peter Nui", komo i ka lawelawe ma mua. Ua kūkulu ʻo Nathaniel Barnaby i ka mea nāna i hoʻololi iā Reed, i ke kaua pākaua HMS i ka makahiki 1876 ʻŪlū.
Ua makemake nā mea kāpena moku Lūkini a me Palani e hoʻomohala i nā māla kaua pahu. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o nā ʻano koa kaua e Vice Admiral Popov, ua hāpai ka poʻe Farani i ka ʻoloke ma ka kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻano armadillo. Maʻa pilame.
Ua hele aku nā mea holo moku Italia i ke kolu o ke ala, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi hana hoʻonāukiuki pale kaua e ka moku o ka ʻano Italia i ka makahiki 1885. No ka pale ʻana i ke kahakai, ua kūkulu ʻia nā kaua kaua o ke kahakai. ʻO ka lei aliʻi o ke kaua kālai ʻia nā pahu kaua, ka mea i lilo i ka ikaika nui o nā ʻauwaʻa. ʻO ka hope o ka manawa o ke armadillos i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1906 e ka HMS Pelekane ʻUanui a hoʻomaka ka wā wīwī.
Koho Laki Armadillo
ʻO Battleships (i kapa ʻia ʻo dreadnoughts), kahi i ulu ʻia ma ke hoʻoikaika hou ʻana i nā mea ʻike kiʻi a me ka nui o ka nui, lilo ia i mau hoʻoilina kaua kīnā. Ua hoʻi hou ʻia ka mau armadillos i ka makahiki 1870 no ka poʻe mua o nā mākaʻi pale pale kaua. ʻO nā moku hope i kapa inoa ʻia he mau armadillos (ʻo ia. Panzerschiffe ), ua lilo i mau moku Kelemania o ke ʻano "Deutschland" ("pūʻali kaua kīpē"), ma 1940 ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea holoholo nui.
Nā hanana nui
Ma waena o nā hanana kaulana i ka honua a me ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini me ka komo ʻana o nā armadillos ka:
- I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā Kaua Civil ma United States i ka lā 9 o Malaki 1862, ua kaua mai ke kaua ma ka Hampton Raid ma waena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia papa o ka USS Monitor a me ke kaua koa CSS Virginia. ʻAno, ua pau ke kaua ma kahi huki, ʻoiai ua ʻaoʻao kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao ua lanakila. "Ua ʻōlelo mai ʻo" Southerners "ua lūlū lākou i ʻelua moku ʻenemi a ua haʻalele ka USS Monitor i ke kahua kaua," pane ʻia e ka ʻāina "ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia ka poloka, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka pahuhopu. Akā ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea ua lanakila ka mea kaua.
- ʻO ke kaua mua o ka lele kaua e kokoke ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Lissa Iulai 16, 1866 (ʻo ia ka mokupuni ʻo Vis, Croatia) i ka wā kaua Austro-Italia i ka makahiki 1866-1867. I loko o kēia kaua ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻoili kaua Italia Re d ltalia mumū ʻia a lūlū ʻia e ke kaua Austrian Erzherzog Ferdinand Max.