ʻO ke kakahiaka maikaʻi, kau hoa kaukau. Ke paipai nei mākou iā ʻoe e mālama i nā mākaʻelele komunist e pili ana i ka proletariat a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hanana maikaʻi aʻe me ʻoe. A i ʻole e hoʻomanawanui i ka ʻōlelo. ʻAe, i kēia lā ua loaʻa iā mākou ka mea hana maʻalahi beaohao . ^ E Ha yM. Akā ʻaʻole wale kēia mea rodent no ka hoʻoikaika nui! Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai e pili ana i kā mākou mea hoʻokipa, hoʻokahi o nā wahi a ka mīkini hulina i hāʻawi mai iaʻu: "Beavers tin" . ^ E Ha yM. A he mea paʻakikī nō naʻe ke hōʻole ʻole. ʻO nā Beavers kahi tin! ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke hana i ka ʻenekona holoʻokoʻa, ʻaihue i ka uila a hāʻule i loko o ka huhū, ʻo nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi!

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kiʻi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia mai hoʻoweliweli i ka makaʻu nui. ʻAe, ʻo ka ʻōpū ka luna nui loa o kāna ʻōpala i ʻEulopa (a ʻO 1,3 m ka lōʻihi !). I kēia manawa wale nō, he helehelena nani a me ke nānā ʻole ʻia ʻole e hoʻohālikelike i kahi homo sapiens naive. E noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe iho, ke ʻole ka holoholona i hina i nā lāʻau me kekahi mau niho hiki ʻole ke kīnā? E!

ʻO ia ka mea pono e hōʻai i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Jaws" ma mua o kekahi mau hiʻi ma laila. E nānā wale i kēia ʻāpana! Hoʻohana ka ʻili e like me ke kaulana. E topple i ka lāʻau, hoʻomaha ka holoholona me kāna mau koikoi luna a me kāna ulu a hoʻomaka i ka neʻe koke i kāna iwi ʻānu mai lalo a ʻaoʻao. He mau minuke ʻōpū ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa 300 mau holo hoʻi i hope! ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua lilo nā lāʻau nui o nā kenekulia i kēia mau lumberjacks.

I kekahi manawa, hele ke aloha o nā ʻōpua no nā wahi nui i ka fanaticism, a lilo ka wao i wahi kīkē. Loaʻa pinepine pinepine ʻia kēia mai kēia ... kēlā me kēia kanaka . ^ E Ha yM. No laila, ua haʻalele ka ʻohana beaver i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Kingisepp (Leningrad māhele). Ua hoʻonāukiuki nā hana o kā mākou poʻe mākaʻi i nā kahe wai. A ʻo ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, kākuhi i ke kākoʻo o nā polu uila e hele ana i ka nahele. No ka manawa mua ma kā mākou kahawai ua hāʻule nā ​​kānaka kamaʻāina kaiāulu, ʻaʻole nā ​​holoholona!

Kūkulu ʻia nā lāʻau popo no nā kumu ʻelua. Ke mua ka hut kekona ma ka waa. Mai hoʻokuʻi ʻole, no ka mea i koho ʻia ka holoholona i koho i nā pōhaku paʻakikī. oak a me alder . ^ E Ha yM. Hele nā ​​lāʻau Softer e hānai: birch, willow, poplar - Eia kahi ʻauʻaila awakea o kahi mea hana maʻamau.

Noho nā Beavers monogamous . ^ E Ha yM. Akā hele wale nō i ka aloha i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, no ke koena o ka manawa ma ka ʻāʻī o kahi kāne male e aloha ana mai 2 i 12 spinogryz. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻohana ʻohana kona ʻāina ponoʻī, kahi e lawe ai i nā hana hana e hana ai i kahi hale hoʻoneʻe i ka wai me ka nānā ʻana, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka moana, aia i ka liʻiliʻi ma ka kahawai.

Ma kēia e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā honu kaulana. E kahaha wale ʻoe, akā ʻo kā lākou mau hū mamao loa. Ma nā kahakai pali, noho maikaʻi kā mākou mau hoaaloha e pili ana i nā aniani. Ma nā pua nani wale nō e hōʻike ai nā holoholona i kā lākou ʻoihana uila, hana hou i ka bandurin mai nā lāʻau a me nā lālā ma waenakonu o kahi waihona waiwai. He aha ka loko, he aha ka puka i ke kukuna malalo o ka wai . ^ E Ha yM. No laila hana ka poʻe rodents i hūnā i ko lākou mau ʻelima mai nā mea wānana.

Akā mai ka papa o ka mōʻaukala kūlohelohe, ʻike mākou i kēlā pae wai wai - loli . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili ka poʻe Beavers me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka papa kula maʻamau. A ʻaʻohe mea kahaha. Inā manaʻo nui nā kiole i ka kūkulu ʻana i nā hale ma ka pā hale o ka mīkini hoʻolaʻa wai me ka ʻole o 3 mau papahana kiʻekiʻe, no ka hana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he alapine wai ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā wehewehe.

ʻAe, e pili ana paha ia nā kālai . ^ E Ha yM. Hana ʻia nā hana o ka ʻenehana me ka nānā ʻana i nā subtleties āpau. mai ka holo wai ʻana a hiki i nā waikahe hiki . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka makemake e mālama i ko lākou ʻano ʻili kino i loko o kēia mau rodents he nui a ʻaʻole wale nā ​​lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. I nā kahawai wai ʻole, hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻohana i nā pōhaku, ke kaumaha o ia mea, i kekahi manawa 15-18 kg !

He mea maʻalahi ke kuhi hewa ʻana o nā loli i ke kiʻina i nā hopena, ʻoi aku, me kahi hōʻailona hoʻohui . ^ E Ha yM. Me kā lākou mau wāwae liʻiliʻi, beavers e hana i kahi biotope kūʻokoʻa . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā holoholona like ʻole, nā pepeke, manu i holo koke i loko o ka backwaters. I ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā beavers, hares, deer, a me ka moose e ʻai ai i nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule. Eia kekahi, lilo ka papa i ka kānana nui. Noho ka puna a pau ma loko, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai ka wai i loko o ka muliwai. A ʻo kēia mau hana āpau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka puka i ka puʻukū ʻōpiopio e noho mau ana ma lalo o ka wai!

Akā ʻike mākou āpau ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka pale maikaʻi loa he kaua. E like me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​manaʻo manawaleʻa wale nō, akā ʻo ka ikaika nō hoʻi. ʻO ka mākaukau me kahi pōpilikia weliweli nui, nā kumuhele i kūlū nui ʻaʻole i makaʻu i ka weliweli. Eia hou, ko mākou hero a ʻAʻole ia he hoʻoweliweli frail ʻO nā homo sapiens. ʻIke nei ʻo Belarusian i ka huhū o ka mea hana toothy. No laila, ua kuʻi ʻo kahi beaver i kekahi lawaiʻa e makemake e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi me kahi holoholona. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo rodent palaki i ke kāne kāne i ka huhū o ka huhū.

Ae, kaumaha. Akā, kahi holoholona hihiu, e like me ka rodent, e noho mau ʻia ka holoholona hihiu. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā beavers he mea hōʻoluʻolu. A ma kahi ʻōlelo hoʻokahi hiki ʻole i ko lākou ʻoluʻolu a pau. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi e ka wikiō ! E hauʻoli mākou inā ʻoe e nānā i ka nūhou hou o kēia mau kāne nani iā kā mākou wahi kai YouTube !

Kau haole, hoʻopaʻa - kākoʻo no ka hana o ka mea kākau.

Kaʻana i kou manaʻo i nā manaʻo, e heluhelu mau mākou iā lākou.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

I ke koʻokoʻo rodent beaohao ua manaʻo like paha ʻo ia he mea nui loa. I ka ʻākau Hemolele, ʻaʻohe like o ka nui. Akā ma ke Komohana hiki ʻo capybara ke hoʻohālikelike iā lākou - kahi momi, kahi i waena o nā rodents o ka honua honua hihiu he poʻokela loa.

E like me nā beavers, ʻo ka poʻe o kēlā e noho nei ma ke kaona o Eurasia he mita, a ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kēlā, ka nui, me ko lākou paona i hiki ke 32 kg. Eia nō naʻe, ma Kanada he mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana beaver a nui loa nā keu. ʻO ka paona o nā kānaka kahiko ke hiki ke hele aku i 45 kg.

I ke kiʻi, kahi beaver maʻamau

A ʻaʻole nō kēlā nā pua Iā ʻoi loa ka Pūnaewele Hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki ʻōpio wale nō, akā, i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a no laila, hiki i ka makahiki ke hiki ke kaena i nā pae kau o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻokūkū o nā kāne o kēia mau holoholona e noho nei ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻelua, ʻo ia nā mea e pili ana i ka hapalua wahine e noho aliʻi nei i nā mea a pau, e komo me ka nui a me ka lehulehu.

Kupanaha nō hoʻi nā kūpuna kūpuna nā kūpuna - nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole ma ʻAsia a i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka wā o Eocene i hala (40 miliona mau makahiki i hala) a ua ola ka honua ma hope ma hope, ua like me ʻekolu paha ka nui a me ke kaupaona ma kahi o 350 kg (he mau manaʻo ia. Pākuʻi ʻia nā fossil i kēlā mau manawa i hōʻike ʻia e nā paleontologists e hōʻike pū).

Loaʻa i ka beaver o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona. Ke nānā nei ka ʻūhā me ka puʻupuʻu pōkole, a ʻo nā limu lima ponoʻī me nā lima lima ikaika. Ua liʻiliʻi ia ke poʻo o ka holoholona, ​​elongated ka muzzle, ke poʻo ka ihu.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā maka i nā hakahaka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka ihu nui. ʻO nā pepeiao ka beaver he pālahalaha loa, he pōkole, me he mea lā e hōʻoki ʻia. ʻO kēia mau mea semi-aquatic, a no laila ke ʻano o lākou he nui nā kikoʻī o ka helehelena e kōkua iā lākou e noho ʻoluʻolu me kēia wahi.

A ʻoi aʻe ma luna o nā mea āpau, he pūnaewele wāwae ia a ʻo kahi huelo lōʻihi ka uhi ʻia, i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho sparse a me nā ʻāpana horny, a ʻo ka hulu ʻolo ʻole like ʻole. He undercoat maloʻo ka hope, ma luna o ia mea e ulu nui ai ka lauoho a me ka lauoho coarer. ʻO kēia hulu a nani a nani hoʻi, hiki ke ʻeleʻele, ka ʻōmala i kahi pālahalaha nui a i ʻole nā ​​kala melemele.

Nā ʻāpana o nā beavers

ʻO ka ʻohana o nā beavers i nā wā prehistoric i hōʻike ʻia i mua o kēia manawa. Akā i kēia lā ua komo wale ʻelua mau mea i hala e haʻi i luna, no ka mea ua hoʻokaʻawale maoli ʻia e lākou i kahi noho maʻamau.

Kahawai ka wai

ʻO kēia nā ʻano Eurasian a me Kanata. Hiki iā lākou ke wehewehe wale i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi, aʻo ka mea e ʻōlelo nei ke ʻano he mea manawaleʻa lākou ʻelua. I kēia wā, ma waena o nā rodents, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻikepili, ʻaʻohe ʻohana pili i nā ʻiliʻāina, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ma mua ka ʻike ʻia he ʻano hoʻohālikelike proteinaceous.

1. ʻO ka muliwai (maʻamau) maʻamau - e like me ka mea maʻamau ka inoa i ka ʻano Eurasian. Ke kiʻi nei ʻo ia ma Russia, he mea noho hoʻi o Kina a me Mongolia. Ma ka maʻamau o ka noho ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona o ka wao nahele ala (nā loko, nā loko a i nā kahawai wai ʻole), nā mākaʻi waiwai nui i nā mea kanu lau.
2. Noho ka ʻānani Kanaka ma Kanada kūkulu hema a me kekahi mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi i ka manawa i hala, ua komo ke ʻano o nā ʻano (ʻo ka nui loa, i hoʻokomo ʻia) i Scandinavia. Ma laila ʻo ia i hana ai a hoʻomaka a hoʻolaha hou i ka hikina. Nā ʻelele o kēia, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe mua, e noho kokoke i ka wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ʻole inā ʻaʻole ia. Aia ia ma ia mea i hoʻolilo lākou i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola.

I ka helehelena o like ke kū like o nā lālā o nā mea ʻelua. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka noho ʻana o ka Honua ma ke poʻo kahiko a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka helehelena, nā muzzle, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hoahānau pili i hōʻike ʻia, he mea pōkole loa, ʻaʻole i waiwai ka pale ʻia, ka ʻili liʻiliʻi a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Ua emi iki ke kino o nā poʻe ʻAmelika, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepeiao, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e holo i ko lākou mau wāwae hema. He ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula ʻole hoʻi ka ʻāpana.

Palena Kanada

I ka hōʻike ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua, heʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano genetic. ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā helu o kā lākou chromosome (48 ma ka muliwai a me 40 ma ke Kanaka), e wehewehe ana i ka hopena o ke kiʻi ʻana i kēia mau lua i nā mea pili mua e pili ana, ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia e nā ʻepekema.

I hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala, ua noho maluhia kēia mau luna o ka manuʻa. ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa ʻē a ulana Lūkia. Akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hana pale e pale aku ai iā lākou. Noho ʻo kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻāina ākea o ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻomaka ana mai Siberia a hoʻopau me Kamchatka.

Hoʻoikaika & Habitat

Ma muli o nā wahi i kau ai nā beavers he mea maʻalahi loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mai nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Ma nā wahi e lawe ai kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi, aia nā manawa he nui i hāʻule nui ʻia me kahi ʻoki ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka pipi. Pono nā mea paʻahana i ka mea e pono ai no ka hana a me ke kūkulu. A, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hiki ʻana mai o nā beaver ma kekahi wahi i ka nui o ke kaiāulu: he loko, kahi kaiāulu, kahi muliwai, a i ʻole ka kahawai.

I ka ʻōlelo kumu, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea semi-aquatic ke ola me ka wai ʻole, akā me ka ʻole o ka ea ke hiki lākou i ka hapalua o ka hola. A no laila, i kekahi pōpilikia, no ka laʻana, e hūnā ana i nā mea wīwī: he ʻolio, he bear a he ʻoliva paha, hele aku kēia mau mea i lalo o ka wai, kahi e noho ai lākou. Noho lākou i nā ʻohana kaiāulu nui, a me ko lākou mau lālā, inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i ko lākou hōʻeha ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻohana. I kēlā mau manawa beaver holoholona ka palaki ʻana i ka wai ikaika me kāna huʻu. A ua ʻike koke ʻia kēia hōʻailona e nā kānaka a pau mai kāna ʻoihana, i loko o ke kō.

E hana luhi nei kēia mau mea i ke kauwela, akā hana lākou me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻūlū, e hana ana i ka pō a ao a kakahiaka, a hoʻomaha lākou i ka lā. ʻO kā lākou hana ka mea e hina i nā lāʻau a kūkulu. A ma kēia ua kōkua ʻia ko lākou mau niho hake ʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i ka lāʻau. Hiki i kahi beaver ke hina i lalo o kahi lāʻau i lalo i ka hapalua hola, akā i kekahi manawa e hana ia i nā mea nunui a me nā mānoanoa no kekahi mau pō i ka lālani. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻike wale ʻia kāna mau hana, akā ua lohe ʻia, a hoʻokahi haneli mau miki ʻo ia wale ke ʻano o nā beaver.

ʻO kahi pā o kēia mau holoholona kahi paʻa i paʻa no lākou mai ke ʻano maikaʻi a me nā ʻenemi. No ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou home, e ʻohi ai nā mea like i nā lua, e koho ana i nā kahakai kiʻekiʻe no kēia ma nā wahi kahi paʻa loa ka lepo. Aia nā ʻōpū o Beaver i ke ʻano o kahi maze paʻakikī. Hoʻopau nā kaila i loko o lākou me nā lumi liʻiliʻi a nunui a liʻuliʻu. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā paia o ka hale me ka pālolo a me ka silika, aʻo ka lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano papahele, e uhi ʻia me ka ʻūhā lāʻau.

ʻO kēia mau holoholona paʻakikī e kūkulu i nā hale, ʻo nā mea hana i hana ʻia i nā lālā, i kālai ʻia me ka silt a me ka pālolo. Kahi mea kaha hana kiʻi hoʻokūkū beaver dam. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā mau kūkulu ma luna o nā kahawai, a kūpono hoʻi i lalo i kahawai mai nā wahi o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi kumu ʻo ia e kōkua i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka muliwai a pale i kona waikahe kokoke i nā hale noho ʻōpala.

Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu mai nā kumulāʻau mai nā kumulāʻau

A ua kūpono kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meaʻai, a ke hoʻonui pū nei i ka nui o ka wai e kahe ana ma ka wahi i noho ʻia e nā holoholona, ​​kahi hana kūpono e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana o ke ola. Mālama ʻo Beavers i kahi hoʻomaha piha mai nā hana ma ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo i ka wā kikowaena hana i hoʻopau ʻia i ko lākou hut ma kahi kūlana hapa-hapalua. I kekahi manawa hele lākou i waho, akā nāu e loaʻa ai ka pōpoki.

I kekahiʻaoʻao, huli ia ka mea ʻakaʻaka i kaʻino maoli. Eia naʻe, lawe mai lākou i nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa i ka ʻenekona. Ma nā wahi kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā pahu a me ka wai nui, ua nui nā iʻa, ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi nā huaʻai wai me nā wahi wai ʻole.

ʻO kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻoiaʻiʻo, e luku i kahi nui o nā lāʻau, akā ʻo ka mea nui e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai e hāʻule i lalo. ʻAʻole lākou e koi hou aku. Hoʻohana kūleʻa nā mea māla i ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau i hāʻule i nā kumulāʻau, akā he mau lālā.

Mea ʻai

He momona nui kēia mau holoholona. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻai i ka ʻilihune. Ke noiʻi nei ʻo Zoologists i ko lākou ola a me ke ala o ka ʻai ʻana, e ʻōlelo nei e pili ana i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi i ka ʻekolu haneli nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā mea momona a ʻokoʻa ka like ʻole o ka mea e hana ai kēia mau holoholona, ​​e koho ana i kahi o ko lākou wahi e noho ai. Maʻa o ka ʻili i ke kaʻina hana, makemake lākou e ʻoliʻoli ma ka wowow, linden, aspen, birch, poplar, alder a me ka pau ʻole o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAi pū lākou i ka sorrel, nettle, mimle, ʻohe, aloha nui i nā līlia wai.

ʻO nā Beavers kahi hale nui, mālama i ka pono o nā lālā o nā ʻohana, a no laila hana i nā kumu mālama he nui no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama lākou i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau ma lalo o ka punawai, kahi a lākou i hana ai i nā "cellars" kūlohelohe. Kahi ʻohana nui o nā beavers hiki ke mālama ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau mika kubita o nā meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo. I kekahi mau manawa ʻike i ka lawe ʻia o nā ukana o ka hale ukana i lawe ʻia e ka muliwai. A laila haʻalele nā ​​holoholona i nā pale malū a hele i loko o ke anuanu no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole wale kēia mea e leʻaleʻa, akā he mea pōʻino nō hoʻi, no ka mea, i kēia manawa pōloli ka mea pio a nā mea wānana, e like me ka ʻolio, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e lilo.

Hiki i ka poʻe ke pakele no kēia mau holoholona hoʻoikaika a hōʻino ʻole. Beaver Hunt Hoʻomaka ia ma ka hana i Lūkini mai ka hopena o ka hopena a hoʻomau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai. ʻO nā mea aloha o kēia hana, nā mea he nui, e hoʻomaopopo e akahele loa kēia mau mea ola. ʻO ka ʻimi manu no lākou i ʻoi aku me ka pū.

Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i kahi pahele no ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​a laila hiki ke hōʻino nui ʻia ko lākou hulu maikaʻi. ʻUlaʻula ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻai ʻia. Ua like ia me ka hare ma ka pala. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka maket aftertaste, a no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kau kūikawā i mea e hoʻomākaukau ai.

ʻO nā pale o nā holoholona make i kūʻai pinepine ʻia i nā hulu. ʻO ka huluhulu hulu Beaver ua manaʻo he nani, nani ke nānā a hiki keʻoluʻolu loa. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kēlā mau huahana kiʻekiʻe, e waiho ana i kahi e waiho ai a me nā ana o nā rula, hiki ke lilo i mau liʻiliʻi i kekahi mau makahiki. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua ʻimi ʻia nā beavers no ka ʻiʻo a me ka hulu mahana. Akā ma kahi o kēia, hoʻohana ka ʻala a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mea i kapa ʻia pīhoihoi jet. ^ E Ha yM. He aha kēia

ʻO ka mea ʻo kēia mau holoholona i kahi kelila kūikawā kahi i loaʻa ma kahi o ke kino o mua. ʻO waho, e like ia me nā ʻeke ʻelua i pili i kēlā me kēia, e hana ana i kahi mea huna. He meaʻino loa kēia waiwai, a no laila e hoʻohana nā mea ʻōpala i kahi hōʻailona no ko lākou ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻike ka poʻe i ka wā kahiko he maikaʻi kona mana ho'ōla. Akā ua hōʻoia wale nā ​​kauka hou i kēia manaʻo.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hana ʻia nā hana hoʻohālikelike Beaver ma ka lua o ka hoʻoilo. A ka poʻe beavers, ʻo ka helu o ia mau mea a hiki i ka ʻeono, hānau ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi manawa mau malama (ma ke ʻano heaka ʻo Kanaka, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana). ʻO nā makapo kēia mau makapo a kaupaona paha ma kahi o hoʻokahi paona. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā manawa mahana a pau o ka makahiki ma ka umauma umauma, lawe lākou i ka momona. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ʻaʻole mau nā pā maʻa, a no laila hoʻoilo lāua me ko lākou mau mākua.

Nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi

A aia wale nō a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio i nā makahiki ʻelua, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, e ʻimi nō a e hoʻolako i nā ʻāina hou. He pīhoʻo ia i nā beavers wahine, e like me ke kanaka, he ʻano e lawe ai kā lākou mau pali i kā lākou mau lima, a he mea ʻē aʻe paha, e paʻa lākou iā lākou i loko o kā lākou mau lehelehe. Hoʻohana nō hoʻi nā holoholona i kēia mau wāwae i ka wā e hana ai lākou, e hana ana i kā lākou hana kiʻiʻenehana hale, ʻo ia ke kumu he ʻokoʻa i ka honua holoholona.

He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ke koho maʻalahi ʻana o ka wā o kēia mau mea i nā niho. ʻO kēia mau mea hana, i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kūlohelohe, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke ola o nā beavers, a no laila he mana koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka incisors luna o ia mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i waena o lākou. A ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau niho. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma loko o ka holoholona o kēia mau mea i kahi a ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā māka ma ke kūlohelohe

Ke alakaʻi nei nā Beavers i kahi mea huna a me ka pō. Kani kaulana kēia mau holoholona no kā lākou hana hana. ʻO nā pīpī palai, nā māla, nā kaea i lalo, nā waʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o kekahi mau mea e neʻe nei ʻaʻole wale nō i ka nui, akā i kekahi mau ʻano ʻoi maoli hoʻi i kūkulu ʻia. E nānā ana i ke ola o nā beavers, hele ʻole ʻoe i ka hopena a laila ʻaʻole lākou kānalua he paʻakikī a me nā ʻatikala mua e pili ana i ka kumu. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā beavers, kahi, nā mea hoʻololi i ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ma lalo o ke ʻano o kā lākou hana kūkulu ʻana i nā muliwai liʻiliʻi i kekahi manawa e lilo i nā wahi wai maikaʻi i kūpono no ka hoʻonā ʻana i kekahi mau holoholona hihiu, nā kaila wai (e pili ana i nā ʻano hānai), nā iʻa a me nā poʻe ʻelele o ka honua holoholona . ^ E Ha yM.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

He aha nā mea nani like?

ʻO nā hoihoi e pili ana i nā pua

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka beaver ʻo kona ʻili keu, e like me ka kaho o ka oar e waiho ana i ka mokulele. ʻAʻole e like me ke poʻo a me ka ʻula, kahi i uhi ʻia me ka lalo ma lalo o ka lauoho, a ʻoi aku ka hulu o ka lauoho ʻōwili, ua uhi ʻia ka huika o ka beaver me nā unahi manuahi rhomboid liʻiliʻi. A, inā mālama ʻo ka hulu i ka beaver e hilinaʻi ʻole mai ke anuanu a, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, mai nā hōʻeha kino, ʻo ka ʻūlū ia ka manawa like o ka ʻōpala i ka wā e neʻe ana ka holoholona i ka wai, a me ke kākoʻo ke kolo ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, a me kēlā lāʻau hoʻokipa i kū i ka wai, hoʻolaha ka beaver i ka wai. ko lākou mau hoahānau e pili ana i ka ulia. ʻO ka mea hope loa, he mea ia e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino ma o ka ʻāʻī ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kahe koko.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

Limbs of beavers

ʻOkoʻa loa ka mua a me ka wāwae o ka beaver mai kekahi i kekahi. He pōkole, kūpaʻa mua nā mua, no ka membranes, lawelawe lākou i ka beaver ʻaʻole wale no ka neʻe, akā e kōkua nō hoʻi e ʻeli i nā lua, e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā lālā, nā ʻāpana lāʻau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā umauma a me nā ʻaka. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pale lik, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā membranes kino, nā mea nui o ka neʻe o ka beaver i loko o ka wai. I ka manamana lima ʻelua o kēlā me kēia wāwae hind i kahi ʻōwili hakakā, ʻo ia hoʻi o 2 mau pūhi pepeiao. Me kēia mau laka, hoʻohālikelike nā beavers i nā waho nā kālele mai ka uhi uhi ʻana i nā hulu me nā tweezers a hoʻonohonoho i kahi.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

Beaver kala

ʻO ka kala o ka hulu ma ka beavers ʻEulopa mai nā kala ʻulaʻula i ke aniani a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o nā holoholona keʻokeʻo. Ua loaʻa pū nā poʻe loea i kēlā

mai nā mākua ʻeleʻele wale nō e hānau ka maiʻa, mai ka mālamalama mālamalama wale nō he brown brown, nā mākua i kāʻei ʻia i ka eleele melemele a i ʻole nā ​​hulu manu ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i nā pua ʻāpana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pā mākua a me ko lākou mau kūpuna.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Nā kiʻi: Beaver

Eia naʻe, ʻike ka hapanui o ka poʻe e pili ana i kēia holoholona wale nō ma ka hoʻolohe wale ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke haʻi pololei i kona inoa. ʻO kēiaʻano, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" pili me ka "beaver." Eia naʻe, ʻo ka lua o ka huaʻōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka inoa o ka hulu o kēia holoholona. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili kekahi i kēia mau lula ma ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo.

Wikiō: Beaver

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻohana beaver ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Aia i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka 22 genera, a no ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia ai kēia ʻano holoholona holoholona ma Asia. Ua nui loa kekahi mau ʻano. I ko mākou manawa, ua mau ka fossilized i ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka Eocene i mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka beaver kaulana loa, ʻo ke nānā o nā mea i nalowale loa i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ia ke poʻo nui i noho ma hope o ka Pleistocene. Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻepekema e pili ana i ʻelua o kāna mau ʻano - ʻo ka Siberian Trogontherium cuvieri, a me nā ʻĀmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelikaides.

Inā hana pono ʻia nā helu kau, e like me nā fossils o ka ʻōpala, hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona i 2.75 m, a ʻo kona paona nui he 350-360 kg. ʻO ia, ua like ia me ka nui o ka bear brown. ʻO nā ʻano manuahi ʻenehana kahiko e noho ai ma ʻEulopa a me Asia, kokoke ma kēlā me kēia wahi a ka nui nāhelehele o ka nahele. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ua pau kēia holoholona i ka hapanui o ka honua ma muli o kona hulu koʻikoʻi he aneane pau loa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Nā kiʻi: Beaver

I kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa he 2 wale nō olaola o ka beaver olaʻai. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi beaver maʻamau, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o Eurasia, a me nā ʻano Kanaka e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema. I ko lākou helehelena ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia ma waena o lākou. A he like like lākou i loko o ka hana, nā like like me lākou.

Akā, e like me nā haʻawina i hōʻike hou ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou i ka pae genetic. He 48 mau chromosome ka pīkopa ʻEulopa, a ʻo kona hoahānau mai ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 40 wale nō. ʻO ia ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i hiki ke holo ʻia i loko o kekahi ʻano e like me ke ʻano o kahi ʻano hou.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver e pili ana i kona helehelena a me ke ʻano kino pilikino:

• inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, hiki i ka holoholona ke ulu a hiki i ka 1 m ka lōʻihi.
• ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai ka 0.4 a i ka 0.5 m,
• inā he ʻōpio'ōpio ke'ōpiopio, ʻo ka paona ka nui o 30-32 kg,
• hiki i ke kāne ʻelemakule ke kaupaona a hiki i 45 kg,
• ʻO ka nui loa o ke ola o kēia koʻokoʻo ma ka 15-17 mau makahiki,
• ʻaʻole i pau ka holoholona i ka ulu a hiki i ka make. Inā hoʻohālikelike mākou i ke kāne me ka wahine, a laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hulu beaver i nā hapa nui he brown. Akā ke hilinaʻi wale ia a pau i kona mau makahiki, no laila e ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka huluhulu. Ke makemake nei kēia mau holoholona e mālama pono iā ia, e hoʻouka mau. Ke hana nei lākou, hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae hind, nāna i mākaʻikaʻi nona. I ka wā e hoʻokuʻi ana, e uhi koke ʻia ka hulu me kahi mea huna momona kūikawā. Mahalo i kēia, ʻaʻole maloʻo ka "huluhulu hulu" ʻo ka beaver me ka hōʻike lōʻihi i ka wai.

ʻO ka hulu o ka muliwai beaver ʻelua mau mea hoʻohālikelike: ʻoi aku ka lauoho o ka lauoho waho, a me ka palupalu a i ka manawa like pū ka pulu. He palekana maikaʻi loa kēia o ka holoholona mai ka hypothermia.

Akā, he pale ʻē aʻe ka beaver i ke anuanu - kahi māno hohonu o ka momona subcutaneous. ʻO ke poʻo o ka holoholona, ​​inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kino, he nui. He ʻalaliki ka muzzle, a liʻiliʻi nā maka me nā pepeiao. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia holoholona ʻelua o kāna mau kiaʻi protruding nui. A kupaianaha nō hoʻi kāna mau niho, hoʻāla ʻia e ka moʻo ʻana iho, a ulu lākou i ko lākou ola a pau. ʻO kāna mau wāwae ʻelima mau manamana lima, me nā membran, no laila he maʻalahi i ka mea maʻalahi iā ia ke neʻe i loko o ka wai. ʻAʻole nui wale nā ​​claws, akā ua puni. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind iʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki.

ʻO ke ʻano lua o ka beaver ʻo kona huelo, he mea e like me ka waʻa kaulua. Ua piha loa ʻo ia, a uhi ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻi me ka huluhulu, akā me nā unahi ʻoiʻino koʻikoʻi. Ma ka waena waena o ka huehue holoʻokoʻa like ʻole "keel". Hiki i ka laulā o ka huelo a hiki i 13 cm, a ma ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maneuverability wikiwiki a me ka ʻauʻau kau.

ʻAu e noho ai ka beaver?

Kiʻi ʻO: Beaver ʻEulopa

Kuhi ʻia nā mākēnē he mau semi-akuatic rodents, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ma ka ʻāina a i ka wai paha no ka manawa lōʻihi. Maʻaleʻa lākou e ʻauʻau, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke holo.

Ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻEulopa e ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona holoholona ma nā wahi like ʻole:

• ma na aina Scandinavian, no ka mea he nui na loko a me ka wahie.
• i Farani, a he maʻamau no ka pae o ka Rhone,
• i Kelemānia, ma ia ka mea e pili ana i ke kahe o ka muliwai ʻo Elbe,
• i Polani, ka mea maʻamau ʻo Vistula basin.

Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻāina o ka USSR mua, a laila loaʻa ka beaver ma Ukraine, Belarus a me Russia. ʻO ka ʻālana kēia o ka ʻāpana ʻāina i waena o ʻEulopa.

No ka mea ʻo kēia holoholona i lalo o ka pale i kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa ma ke kokoke o ka ʻāina a pau o Rūsia. Loaʻa ʻia ma Kina a me Mongolia. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka noho ʻana o kēia koʻokoʻo he mea maʻalahi loa ia. He lawa ʻē ke ʻike inā he hāʻule nā ​​lāʻau kokoke i nā loko, a ʻike maopopo nā mea āpau. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻokiʻoki wale nō he hiʻohiʻona conical. Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu mai nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule a me nā lālā i kahi ʻano o ka māla. He hōʻike kēia o kēia mau wahi hao ma kahi ʻē aʻe.

Akā he pōmaikaʻi nui ka home o ka beaver. Hūnā ʻo ia me ka hūnā iā ia a hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai waho. Hana lākou ia i loko o nā wahi paʻakikī, a noho ma laila me ka ʻohana āpau. No ko lākou nohona, koho ʻia nā muliwai, akā me ka papa lohi wale nō. He kūpono hoʻi nā kahawai a me nā loko no lākou.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, ko lākou pale ʻana i nā waihona waiwai nui loa. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou wale nō kahi ulu o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Ina he muliwai ka ia, alaila e pono e kahe ma ka ulula. A i ʻole ma ke kahakai e pono nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē. Inā i ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo o ka loko i lalo, ma laila ʻoe e ʻike ʻole ai i kahi pua ʻaka.

He aha kahi meaʻai kiki?

Kuhi: Beaver Red Book

Akā ʻaʻole ka lawa o ka wai no ka poʻe ʻōpio e noho ai ma ʻaneʻi. No ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ʻoe e pono ai i ka nui o nā meaʻai. He mau mea ulu maloʻo kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻaʻohe ʻai i ka meaʻai ʻiʻo. ʻO kā lākou kīʻaha nui ka ʻili a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio o nā lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau like ʻole. I waena o nā kumulāʻau nui, punahele loa no ka beaver he birch, aspen, willow, a me ka poplar hoʻi. A inā e ulu ka linden, ʻo kona ʻili kahi kūpono no ka meaʻai.

Aʻo nā mea kanu mea kanu, ʻaʻole hōʻike maoli ka manaʻo. ʻO Bulrush, sedge, nettle - ʻo ia wale kēia hapa o kā lākou papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Wahi a ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻepekema ma nā beavers i noho i ke kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i 300 mau ʻano lāʻau like ʻole no nā meaʻai. A he mea ʻē aʻe, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā mea kanu aquatic a pureʻele.

Akā maanei e pono ai ke hana koʻikoʻi. Pēlā e koho ai nā beavers i nā ʻano nīnū palma wale nō i mea ʻai. ʻOiai hiki nō ke hoʻokō i nā ʻoe a me nā alder, a ma o ka ʻoki ʻia nei ke hoʻomaopopo koke nei ia he hana nā beavers, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana i kēia mau lāʻau i meaʻai, akā no ka hana ʻana i kahi hale a i ʻole nā ​​māka. Ma ke ala, ke kūkulu nei lākou iā ia no ko lākou hale ma ka wai. Ma kēia ala, hoʻāʻo lākou e pale i nā kūlana ma kahi e hele ai ka wai a pae ka ʻāina.

Inā ua koho kahi beaver i nā ʻano kumulāʻau, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi hou i kāna papaʻai. Makemake nui ʻo ia i nā ʻula, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau niho, ka mea maʻalahi me ka leʻaleʻa me lākou. I ke kauwela, ʻai lākou i nā mea kanu, a ma ka hāʻule hāʻule e hoʻomaka ai ka hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo.

Mālama lākou e waiho i nā lālā i loko o ka wai i loaʻa ai lākou. He kūpono kēia i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ai ka loko i ka hoʻoilo. No ka ʻohana hoʻokahi kou pono i kahi nui o ia meaʻai, e pono ai ka waika ʻia e ka wai. A inā he kaona o ka hau ma luna, mai ka noho ma lalo o ka wai e loaʻa mau i nā meaʻai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kahi kiʻi: hoʻokuʻi Europa

Hiki i kahi pākeke ke kolo i ka wai no ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻāina ma kahi e lohi loa, e neʻe iki ʻole. Akā i ka wai ua manaʻo ʻo ia i ke kūʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. Ke holo kai, hiki a 15 a mau minuke ma lalo o ka wai. Ke hoʻomaloʻo nei, ke pani koke ʻia nā auricles a me nā nasal e kahi septum kūikawā. Ua uhi ʻia nā maka me kahi kiʻi i ʻoluʻolu. Mahalo i kēia, ʻike pono ka beaver ma lalo o ka wai. Hiki i kahi lōʻihi ke holo i lalo o ka wai - a hiki i ka 1 km.

Hoʻonohonoho ka ʻakaʻaka ma o kāna ʻano aloha aloha, e hoʻāʻo ia e holo i ka wā he pōpilikia. Akā inā inā pono kahi e holo ai, hiki iā ia ke komo i ke kaua ikaika, a laila ʻaʻole e hoʻohewa ʻia ka ʻenemi.

I ka ʻike ʻana o ka holoholona, ​​lohe (ʻoiai he pepeiao liʻiliʻi kāna, akā maikaʻi ʻia kāna hoʻolohe) a i ʻole ka makaʻu ʻana, e hoʻāʻo koke iā ia e iho i lalo o ka wai. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻoki pū loa me kona huika. ʻAʻole kēia mai ka clumsiness, akā ke hōʻike pololei nei e pili ana i ka pilikia o ko lākou mau hoahānau. A ma hope wale kekahi manawa e pono ai ka ea, ʻike ʻia kona poʻo ma luna o ka wai o ka wai. He mea nui e ʻike: ʻo Beaver wale nō ka holoholona i waena o nā rodents a pau e hiki ke neʻe ma luna o nā wāwae 4 a me nā wāwae hind. I loko o lākou, hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā pōhaku no ka kūkulu ʻana i kona home.

ʻO kahi holoholona he holoholona maʻemaʻe loa. I loko o kona hale ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike hou ai i kahi ʻōpala. Hana ʻo ia i kona home i loko o ia ʻano a hiki i ka hau nui loa e loaʻa kekahi i ke anilena. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maopopo i kahi o kēia mau rodents hibernate, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi lā e kū ana ma o nā lua i ka peʻa o kēia hale. Ma ke ala, hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻoluʻolu maikaʻi iā ia. No ka hana i kēia, lawe lākou i ka pālolo me nā wāwae mua, a uhi i nā lālā ma luna. Haalele wale lākou i ko lākou hale ma hope o ke ahiahi, a ke hana a kakahiaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou mau niho me ka ʻāpana o ka aspen, ʻo kona aniani ke 15 cm, hiki i kahi beaver ke hūnū maoli i ka hapalua hola wale nō.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Nā kiʻi: Beaver

I ke ao, ʻo ka beaver aia kona hale. ʻO ka puka e pono ai e hūnā ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kahi ola hoihoi o ka ʻohana o kēia mau holoholona.

Ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma ʻaneʻi:

• hiki i kahi ʻaukā ke noho ma luna o ia mea, a me kahi ʻohana he nui a pau;
• hiki aku nei i ka ʻohana, noho aliʻi ke aliʻi maanei.
• ke hui pū ka kāne a me ka wahine, noho pū lāua a hiki i ka hopena.
• inā he make mua o kekahi o kēia mau kāne, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka ka lua i kahi ʻohana hou,
• Mālama wale ʻia kēia mau rodents i lalo o ka wai, a hana mai kēia ma Ianuali a i Pepeluali.

Hōʻike ka mea hope loa e hana pinepine ana ka male ʻana ma lalo o ka hau. Ma hope o nā mahina he 3 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā kūmaha, a hiki mai i 2 a 6 mau ʻāpana. I kekahi ʻohana, noho nā mania no ʻelua mau makahiki, a koe wale nō. I nā kauwela a pau ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hānai lākou i ka waiū o ko lākou makuahine. A laila hele mai ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa hou iā lākou ka momona, e ʻai ana i ka ʻili a me nā lālā o nā mea kanu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā mākua.

Inā liʻiliʻi ka loko, hoʻokahi ʻohana wale nō e noho ai ma laila. A ina paha ua nui a inā paha e pili ana ia i ka muliwai, eia ʻoe ke hiki ke hālāwai me nā ʻohana he nui. Akā ma waena o ko lākou mau wahi e noho ai ma kahi o 300 m kā pono e mālama ʻia ai i kekahi manawa, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai, hiki ke 3 km. Hoʻāʻo nā Beavers e haʻalele i ke kahakai ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 200 m.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Kiʻi ʻO: Beaver ʻEulopa

Ua loaʻa i nā ʻepekema kahi e kamaʻilio me nā pōpoki.Ma kēia ala, hoʻolaha lākou i ka ʻike, a ʻo ka mea mua ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino.

E hana ana ke kamaʻilio penei:

• ua koho ʻia kekahi pose,
• ʻehā ka pā ʻana i ka wai
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻōla, kahi mea e like me ka whistle.

Ke hele mai kahi predator a i ʻole kahi kanaka, kahi beaver e kokoke ana i ka wai e hoʻohana mua i ka lua. ʻO ka pōpilikia i ka beavers ʻaʻole wale nō kekahi o nā mea hoʻopuka, akā he poʻe hoʻokūkū a me nā maʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka maʻi pinepine ka maʻi no ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa. Hoʻohā pinepine kēia i ka wā e ʻai ai kahi rodent i nā mea kanu aku. Hoʻolaha ka pilikia nui ma nā kahawai hoʻoilo a me nā kahe wai. A laila e make 50% o nā holoholona.

I waena o nā mea hoʻokūkū e kūpono i ka hoʻohanohano ʻana, ʻaʻole wale nō ka hare o ka brown brown, akā ʻo ka ʻula ʻula a me nā elk. Mālama kēia mau holoholona i nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻelua a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Heʻoiaʻiʻo maoli kēia no kēlā mau lāʻau kahi i hāʻule ai ka puaʻa. Akā i ka manawa i nā mea hoʻokūkū, loaʻa iā ia nō nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā ʻīlio, nā alopeke a me nā bea brown. A inā ola ka ʻōlio a me lynx i ka nahele, a laila hoʻouka lākou i ka beaver. Lawe ʻia nā ʻīlio Stray i ka pilikia nui. Akā hiki i nā ʻōpio ke ʻai ʻia e nā pōpoki a me ka ʻelepā. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui ke kanaka i ʻimi no kēia rodent no ke koikoi o ka ʻili ma mua o hoʻokahi kenekulia. Akā naʻe i ka manawa ma mua, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka hoʻoilo wai i nā pilikia he nui, no ka mea ʻoi ke hoʻomāʻamaʻa i ke kanaka.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO West Siberian River Beaver

Hiki ke hoʻokaumaha ʻia nā mea pīpī i nā kānaka. No ka laʻana, nā pahu i kā lākou kūkulu hale ʻana e alakaʻi i ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiai. A aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā ʻaʻole wale nō o nā ala, akā ua hao pū nā laina kaʻa. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hale i kūkulu ʻia e nā beavers. ʻAʻole naʻe i hāʻawi kēia i ka mea nui, no ka mea, i ka wikiwiki koke nā waʻa.

Hōʻalo ka Beaver (a hiki i kēia manawa ke loaʻa nā mea pōkoi) no kēia mau kumu:

• i nā momona nā haʻahaʻa,
• ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻai ʻia,
• "Nui ka loea Beaver" no ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano mea ʻala.

Eia nō hoʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka "kahawai bele" i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o kēia, 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nalowale loa ka ʻohana beaver mai nā maka o ka honua. Akā naʻe, mai poina e loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka ʻie o ka wahi i kū ai lākou. ʻO nā makana a lākou e kūkulu ai ma mua o ka hana ʻino. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai, nalowale kona ʻōwili.

He kiaʻi o Beaver

Kuhi: Beaver Red Book

Ma muli o ka huluhulu no nā beavers, ua hōʻemi nui loa kā lākou mau helu. Loaʻa nā ʻike e hiki ai ma ka makahiki 1918, ʻaʻohe ma mua o 1000 o kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka rodents. I kēia manawa ua kākau ʻia lākou i loko o ka Red Red Book. Ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni Soviet e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou ola. Aia ma ka 1920, ma kēlā mau wahi i mālama ʻia ai nā beavers, hoʻomaka e ʻike ʻia nā wahi i kahi e pāpā ʻia ai ia e ʻimi.

Ke hoʻonui nui ʻia nei kēia mau holoholona i nā mālama ʻāina, hoʻomaka kekahi e lawe ʻia i kekahi mau wahi i kahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Ma ka makahiki 1930, ua puka hou lākou ma 48 nā wahi. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea āpau e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka nui o ka beaver.

Me ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR, ʻaʻole i hooki kēia kaʻina hana, a i kēia lā ma Rūsia ua noho lākou i nā wahi 63. A ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Ukraine, aia i loko o nā Kievan Rus nā kānāwai i mālama ʻia i kēia mau holoholona. Mai ka XI ʻana, mālama ʻia kahi kolamu o nā kānāwai maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia i nā holoholona kahi i pāpā ʻia ʻole ai e huli. A ma waena o kēia papa inoa inoa e ʻōlelo ʻia nei.

I kēia lā, ua hoʻomaka hou e piʻi ka nui o ka beaver i nā kānaka. A ʻo ke kumu no kēia hoʻopunipuni ʻaʻole wale nō i ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ke kolohe, akā i ka neʻe ʻana nō i ka mea kolohe ka nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hōʻea e nā poachers ia Polesie a me kahi e Chernobyl. I kēia manawa, ke hana nei nā hana ma nā wahi āpau no ka beaver e hoʻihoʻi i kona lehulehu ʻana, ke manaolana mākou e hua nā hua.

Hoʻaiho

ʻO Beavers nā ʻohana Castaridae, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka ʻohana Castor a me nā mea ʻelua wale nō.

1. ka beaver maʻamau (Castor fiber) (aka muliwai a i ʻole hikina)
2. Kūkākūkā Kanada (aka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika) (Castor canadensis).

I kēia mau lā, loaʻa nā ʻākuhi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o ka ʻāina, mai ka waha o ka muliwai Mackenzie ma Kanada hema a hiki i Mexico. Akā ʻaʻole ia ka mea maʻamau. Uaʻimi nā kānaka i kēia mau holoholona i mau kenekulia no ka latou o ka ʻiʻo, ka hulu, a me ka kahawai manu. A ke kumu, i ka hopena o ka kenekulia 19, ua lilo ka helu o nā kānaka Kanaka ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi, a ma ka hapanui o ko lākou mau noho, ua pau loa lākou i luku pau ia, i loko o ka hikina hikina. Ua puhi ʻia nā māka'āina a me nā kaiāulu kūloko i ke kani ʻana, a hoʻomaka ʻia nā holoholona mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia lākou ma Finlandia, Russia, a me kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Poland). ʻO kekahi o ka heluna nui o nā rodents Kanada i kēia lā ke noho nei ma ka hema hema o Finland.

Kahi ʻōpio maʻamau ma mua o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hikina, akā, ʻaʻole nā ​​kānaka a pau i hiki ke ola ma kahi o nā kānaka. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, he mau palena wale nō ka lahui me ka huina o 1200 mau kānaka i ola ma Farani, Noremata, Kelemania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, China a me Mongolia.

Ma muli o ka hana hou o ka hoʻopili a me nā polokalamu hoʻokipa o kēia mau holoholona, ​​i hoʻomaka e hana i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki hope, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o ka beaver maʻamau. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XXI, aia ma kahi o 500-600 tausani kanaka, a ua hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou wahi ma ʻEulopa a me Asia.

Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻelua i ka ʻāina o Lūkini i kēia lā, ʻoiai ka ʻānu ʻo ka mea noho mua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona kaila ma kahi o ka puni honua āpau o ka Russian Lūkini - mai nā palena komohana i ka wahi ʻo Baikal a me Mongolia, a mai nā ʻāina Murmansk ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Astrakhan i ka hema. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻano ma Primorye a me Kamchatka.

ʻO ka ʻānela Kanada i ko mākou ʻāina ua puka i nā makahiki 50 o nā kenekulia i hala, me ka hoʻōki wale ʻana iā Karelia a me ka Leningrad Region mai nā wahi e kokoke ana o Finlandia, a i ka makahiki 70 he mea hoʻokomo ʻia kēia holoholona i loko o ka awāwa ʻo Amur a me Kamchatka.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ma Beaver

ʻOkoʻa loa ka hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻē aʻe o ke koʻokoʻo rodent, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻano semi-aquatic o ko mākou hero. Mai ka nānā ʻana o ka mea lāʻau ololi, nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka holoholona i nā mea he nui, he ʻele a me ka poʻokela kuahiʻu a me nā ʻāpana ʻāwīlima me nā puʻupuʻu ʻikepili.

ʻO nā Beavers ka nui ākea o nā fauna o ka Honua Mua a me nā lua o ka nui loa i hope o nā capybaras ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona, ​​he pala, he ʻano fusiform, ua pāloi ʻia kona ʻaoʻao hua, aia wale nō i ke aʻa o ka huʻu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 80 - 120 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o nā pākeke i kahi awelika o 20-30 kg, hiki ʻole i ke kaumaha ke hiki i 45 kg. ʻOi ka nui o nā ʻano Kanada ma mua o ka mea maʻamau.

ʻO kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ʻuʻupu a me ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua ʻāʻihi hoʻi ʻaʻole huli i huli. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, me kahi pihi kūpaʻa a me kahi membrane nā pehu kahe (e pale i nā maka ma lalo o ka wai). He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, huluhulu mai ka huluhulu. Loaʻa i nā puka auditions waho a me nā ʻuʻuku i nā ʻūhā kūikawā i kū i ka wā e hoʻopolo ʻia i ka wai. Hiki i nā ʻōlima lili ke pani ma hope o nā mea pīkī ponoʻī iho, ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka pūpū waha, e ʻae ai i nā ʻili i nāʻu ʻoi ma lalo o ka wai me ka wehe ʻole i ko lākou waha.

Hoʻohālikelike nā maka o nā holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana, ka maka ʻike ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lohe maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻono, ʻo ia nā manaʻo nui ma ka ʻāina.

Ua pālahalaha ka huelo, hiki i 30 cm ka loa, 13 cm ka laulā, a ʻoi aku ka pupuʻu a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka beaver ma Kanada. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana like i ka ʻili me nā unahi nui me ka nui o ka bristles.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana lima ʻelima, ua alualu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū palupalu i nā wāwae hind (ma ka ʻaoʻao mua i ko lākou wā kamaliʻi). ʻO nā wāwae mua i nāwaliwali ma mua o nā wāwae hind a hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona me nā lima - me kā lākou kōkua, he beaver i huki i nā mea, ʻeli a me nā lua, e hoʻoili ai i nā meaʻai. ʻO ke kino nui o ka neʻe holoholona no nā wāwae hind. Ma ka lua o ka wāwae o ka wāwae hind aia kahi pua cifurcated, i piha i nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ke poʻo o luna - kuhikuhi a haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao āpau o nā horny, kahi mau pili i kekahi me kekahi. Hoʻohana kēia claw e ka holoholona no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe - hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻohui pū i ka lauoho me ia i ka wa e ʻalā ʻia, a hoʻoneʻe i nā parasites.

ʻO ka hulu beaver ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka uliuli, ka ʻokoʻa pinepine o ka ʻulaʻula. I kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe me nā wahi me nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele mau ka undercoat. ʻO ka ma lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kino he pubescent denser.

Eia no ke ʻano ʻoniʻoni ʻula a me ka mea i ola ʻia, no laila ke ola ʻana i ka wai haukē, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā beavers i ke anuanu, aʻo nā mea ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻōhua like ʻole.

Nā ʻōhua a me nā huts

Ua lohe paha nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao kahaha o kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o ko lāua luhi ʻole, aʻo nā beaver e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaiapuni i ko lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻO nā māka i kūkulu ai lākou i ka hoʻonui i ka nohona o ka ékological, hoʻonui i nā wahi wai, hoʻonui i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka wai, a hoʻololi i ke ʻano. Me ke kumu no ka maki, kahi lāʻau i hāʻule i ke kahawai e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Ua haki ia me nā lālā, nā ʻāpana o nā kahi lāʻau, nā pōhaku, ka honua, ka mea kanu, a hiki i ka papa i hōʻea 100 mika (ʻo nā kihi o ka māka i hala aku ma kahi o ke kahawai), a piʻi pinepine ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻekolu mau mika. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ka wai ke ana ʻelua mau mika. Hōʻike ia i ka ʻohana e kūkulu i kekahi mau pahu i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano he kumu hana hana hanu. Hoʻolaha nui loa nā Rodents i ka hana ʻana i nā pahu i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomau ka hana i nā makahiki a puni.

Kukui Beaver

He pīkoi akamai ka poʻe Beavers. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻeli lākou i nā lua he nui i loko o kahi kahua no ka ʻohana, hiki ke ʻoi aku i nā kaila māmā a i ʻole labyrinth holoʻokoʻa e alakaʻi ana mai kahakai o ke kahawai a i ʻole ka ʻale a i ʻole i nā keʻena a i hoʻokahi lumi lumi paha. I nā mau biotypes he nui, hoʻohana kēia mau rodents i nā ʻōpala e like me nā wahi ma mua.

ʻIke like me ka beaver hut

ʻO kahi koho hou no ka home kahakai he ipo. Hoʻokumu kā lākou mau kikowaena i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hiki ʻole ai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lua. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā ʻeke, nā waʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nāʻu ana i ke kumu o ka hut. I waho, he noho nui kahi noho ma loko, kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻōpala lāʻau, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka honua, silt, nā mea kanu kanu. I loko, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi keʻena huna, mai kahi kahi i pae ʻia ma lalo o ka wai. I ka awelika, ka lōʻihi o ke ana o ka hut 3-4 mau mika. He nui nā keʻena paʻakikī ma mua o nā lumi like ʻole. Hiki i ka noho waʻa ke kīnā a mau loa, hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopau mau ʻia nā mea hope a hiki ke hiki i 14 mau mika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau mika.

I waena o nā hana kūkulu beaver hana liʻiliʻi, ka eli ʻana o nā waikā ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa. Me kā lākou mau ʻakaʻaka, ke kāʻili nei lākou i ka pākū a me ka lepo mai ka lalo o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā ala hema, e hoʻolei iā lākou i ko lākou ala. Hiki i nā kaila hopena ke noho i nā holoholona i ka wai, e neʻe ana ma waena o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole e ʻai ai i nā wahi. ʻO ka hapa nui, hana ʻia nā rodents i ke kauwela, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.

He mea kūpono ia e ʻike nui ʻia nā mākeke Kanada. He ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hale.

Kauʻai

ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona hānai holoholona wale nō. Hiki i ʻano like ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o kā lākou meaʻai i nā lau, nā aʻa, nā lāʻau kanu, nā algae. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, huli lākou i nā lālā manawaleʻa o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, makemake i ka aspen, willow a alder paha.

Hoʻomaka i waena oʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻai lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ia ia nā lālā ulu a me nā ʻāpana o ka hehi o ka aspen, willow, cherry bird, alder, birch, a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā conifers. Kālana ʻia nā hua lāʻau i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e nā holoholona a mālama ʻia i lalo o ka wai ma nā wahi hohonu e pili ana i nā pōā a me nā hale moe. Hiki i nā mea pīpī ke ʻauʻau i kā lākou lako ma lalo o ka wai me ka ʻole e waiho i kahi pōpoki palekana.

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka wahie, nā māʻona o nā holoholona me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana ma nā māla nui a me nā māla lāʻau e hiki.

ʻAʻole mālama nā beavers nui ʻEulopa no ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka hele ʻana, hele lākou i uka i ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻai.

Kahawai Beaver

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā holoholona ka hele ʻana o kahi "kahawai beaver" i hana ʻia e nā kelepona kūikawā. He mea paʻakikī ia e loaʻa ana i nā haneli o nā mea wae, me nā alcohols, nā fenols, salicylaldehyde a me ka castoramine. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no kēia ʻano mea no ka castoreum.

Mai ka wā ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai hoʻolilo i ka lua i ka kahawai wai. I nā makahiki Y-IY o BC Ua ʻike ʻo Hippocrates a me Herodotus i kona kū pono i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi. A i kēia lā ua loaʻa kēia mea noi i noi ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea ʻala.

Hoʻohana ka ʻili ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻona no ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kumu. ʻO nā huaʻala huaʻona kekahi o nā ala a ko mākou mau koa e hoʻololi i ka ʻike. ʻO nā ʻano Kanada a me nā muliwai hoʻi waiho i nā hōʻailona ʻalaʻala ma luna o nā puʻu i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o ka wai mai nā silt a me nā mea kanu i hāpai ʻia mai lalo aʻe o ke kaila.

ʻAno pili ʻohana

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, noho nā beaver i nā ʻohana ʻohana (colonies), akā aia kekahi poʻe e makemake i ka noho manawaleʻa. Ma nā wahi kīnā maikaʻi, hiki i ka nui o nā holoholona hoʻokahi ke piʻi i 40%.

Aia ka ʻohana i kahi kāne pākahi, mau cubs o ka makahiki o kēia makahiki, i nā cubs o ka makahiki i hala, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki a i ʻole nā ​​keiki ʻekahi mai nā litters i hala. Hiki i nā nui ʻohana ke hiki i ka 10-12 kanaka.

Kahi ʻia ka hierarchy ma loko o ke kolone e like me ke kumu kuʻuna makahiki, me ke kūlana hoʻonani o ka pākeke pālua. Kahi hewa nā ʻano o nā kūlohelohe kino, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau ʻehā ma nā wī. ʻO kēia ka hopena o nā hakakā me nā malihini me nā palena teritorial.

ʻO nā maʻa mau i kēia mau rodents he mau a hoʻomau i ka wā o ke ola o nā hoahana. Noho paʻa ka ʻohana ʻohana, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lawe mai lākou i hoʻokahi brood i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai 1 a 5 mau cubs i loko no ia no ka beaver maʻamau, ma ka momona Kanada e ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 8 cubs. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa pinepine ma ka brood aia nā 2-3 cubs.

E hoʻomaka ka lāhui ma Ianuali (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka palena) a kū a hiki i Malaki. Noho ke kiaʻi ma luna o 103-110 mau lā.

Nā keiki hou i nānā ʻia, nā hale ʻōpio nui, me nā puʻu haʻahaʻa. Mālama ka makuahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū (ʻo ia ka 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka waiū o nā bipi) no like i like me 6-8 wiki, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ʻelua mau pule, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻakaʻala i ke kīlei i nā lau palu i lawe ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. I ka piha o 1 mahina, e hoʻomaka ka wā liʻiliʻi a haʻalele i ka noke a ʻai wale ma ko lākou iho.

ʻOiai ʻuʻuku nā keiki, mālama ka makuakāne i ka hapa nui o ka manawa o ka pale ʻana i ka pā ʻana o ka ʻohana: ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā palena a waiho aku i nā hōʻailona momona. ʻO ka wahine i kēia manawa lohi e hānai i nā pēpē a mālama pono iā lākou. Ke ulu maikaʻi o nā keiki, akā pono lākou i mau mahina o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻike i ka mākaukau o ka hana ʻana i nā kālai a me nā hole. Ke aʻo aku nei nā mākua iā lākou e komo i ka waiwai āpau, ʻo ka kūkulu ʻana.

ʻO ka maʻamau, haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ko lākou ʻohana a ʻimi i kā lākou ʻāina e hiki mai i ko lākou makahiki ʻelua a ke alakaʻi nei i kahi noho maleka a hiki i ka wā i loaʻa ai lāua i ka male.

Hōʻike ka ʻōpio Beaver i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, akā hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine i ka hana aloha ma 3-5 mau makahiki o ke ola.

ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kahi beaver maʻamau ma ke ʻano he 17-18 mau makahiki, Kanada - 20 mau makahiki. Akā, ma ka vivo he maʻamau lākou i ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau rodents i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hānai mālama i hiki i 30 mau makahiki.

Kamaʻilio ʻana

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kāʻei, e kamaʻilio nā beaver me kekahi me ke kōkua o ke hoʻopili ʻana i kā lākou huelo i ka wai. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau ka haʻi ʻana o nā poʻe pākahi i nā malihini i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo i komo i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e hana ma kahi pane, e ʻae ana iā ia e nānā i ka hewa o kāna mau manaʻo a me ka pae hoʻoweliweli āna i kū ai.

ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio ai ma o nā ʻano pose like ʻole, a me nā leo hoʻi: hiki i nā holoholona ke walaʻau a me nā ʻihi.

ʻO nā pono a me nāʻino o nā beavers

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ʻike ʻia nā beavers no kā lākou makemake ʻana no ka kūkulu ʻana: e hoʻopiha ana i kā lākou mau pā, ua hana lākou i nā ʻānina e hoʻoponopono i ka pae o ka wai i nā kino wai. I ka hopena, hiki i ka wai ke hoʻopuka i nā ʻāpana nui o ka nahele a luku iā ia. Hiki paha ke pilikia a me nā alanui.

ʻO ka lua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka launa i nā kūlana no ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, ke lilo ʻana i ka pa alima no ka hina, ke keʻokeʻo, ka salmon a me ka iʻa trout i ka wai i loko o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi.

ʻĀnō e nānā i nā hana o kēia mau holoholona mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ke kaila ʻana o nā ʻōpala beaver e noho ana ma ka wai kahe a me ka wai ʻole o ka wai, a me kēia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka wai i ka wā o ke kaiakū, hoʻēmi i ka lalo a me ke kai liʻiliʻi, hoʻopau i ka manawa o ke kauwela haʻahaʻa, a kōkua hoʻi e hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano o nā punawai a me nā kahawai i luku ʻia ma muli o ka hana kanaka. Pēlā kēia hana i ka nahele i noho ʻia e nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a no laila, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kūpono i ke ahi ahi.

Ke hoʻomoe nei i ka kahe o ka kahawai, hoʻoulu nā kumulāʻau i ka hōʻiliʻili sediment, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana filtration kūlohelohe e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā pōʻino mahele o ka wai. Eia kekahi, ke ulu nei nā kino nui o ka wai i nā pono ʻē aʻe, e like me, e like me, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka ékological.

Hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻo Beavers i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka hares, deer, ka hānai ʻana i ka "ʻōpala" o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia e hana ai i nā kāmela, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e huki i nā holoholona predatory.

Pēlā ka hana a kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi i nā pili wai kokoke, a hiki i kahi kanaka ke hoʻonui i kona ʻike i kā lākou pono ola ola a hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā e hiki ai i nā poʻe ʻelua a me nā ʻoka ke hoʻohana pū me ka ʻike.

Hōʻailona Beaver

Noho nā Beavers ma kapa o nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko, nā loko, nā pā kuʻu, ma nā ʻōpū. Me ka limu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻāpiki ke koho i kahi e noho ai a no laila ke noho i nā wai i wahi noho ʻole ʻia, maluhia a me nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, me kahi nui o nā lāʻau grassy ʻoluʻolu e ʻai ʻia e lākou. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lehulehu nui, noho nā beavers i nā kaila wikiwiki o nā kahawai, ma nā wahi kihi nui e maloʻo ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ke ola. ʻO ke ʻano he

ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua noho lōʻihi nā beavers i nā wahi noho malū o nā kahawai semi-mauna a me nā kahawai, e piʻi ana i luna a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 mano mika ma luna o ke kai.

Ma nā wahi kahi i kiʻekiʻe loa nā kahakai o nā loko, ʻeli nā mākaʻi i nā lua no lākou iho. Ma nā hale kō me nā panuku haʻahaʻa, noho nā holoholona i nā plexuse aʻa, e ulu ana ma kapa o nā kumulāʻau, pe kūkulu i kā lākou mau hamu.

Loaʻa i nā ʻuʻuku ʻo Beaver kahi a i ʻole he nui paha - nā hoʻonui ʻia o nā kahe o lalo o ka hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā ʻalā lāʻau. ʻO nā kao i lalo ka pānaehana paʻa pōpilikia me nā kaila ma kahi he 25-40 sentimeter, nā puka mai kahi i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka wai.

ʻO nā honu Beaver nā papa cone i hana ʻia me ka nui o nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā lālā lāʻau i paʻa me ka silt. ʻO ka pinepine, kū nā ʻōpala i nā wahi o nā lua i kahakaha ai a hoʻopau paha i nā cobs. Hōʻalo ʻia nā puka mai nā ʻāpana, kahi pinepine i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO nā makahiki he nui kahi hut kahi e ola ai nā beaver, ʻoi ka nui o kona nui. Pono ka poʻe loea e hālāwai me nā poli a hiki i 1.5-2 mau kiʻekiʻe, ke ākea o 4-5 mau mika a keu paha. I loko o kēlā mau kukuna, he nui na kaila beaver e loaʻa ma ka papahele 2-3. Inā noho ka ʻohana beaver i loko o kahi pākaukau no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa he mau 10 mau hale a 2-3 paha mau hale noho, i hui pū ʻia me kahi pūnaehana o nā lua a me nā kīkē.

I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole e piʻi ka mahana i loko o nā keʻena nīwī ma luna o +22 degere, a ma ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo ʻole ma lalo o -4 degere. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā loli hāmeʻa i nānā ʻia i nā noho beavers ma mua o ke kai o waho e waiho ai kēia mau holoholona, ​​i ka mea i nānā ʻia i ka anuanu, e ola ma kahi o ka Arctic Circle.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

ʻO ke ola maʻamau

Noho nā Beavers i nā ʻohana, ka mea maʻamau ka 2 o nā holoholona makua, nā pēpē o kēia makahiki o ka hānau ʻana a ʻo ka makahiki ʻōpio. I ka huina holo, hiki i ka ʻohana ke loaʻa i nā holoholona 6-8. ʻO 2 mau makahiki he nui, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e haʻalele i ko lākou ʻohana makua i ka puna, i kekahi manawa i ka hāʻule, a hana i ko lākou noho hou. I nā wahi me nā kūlana palena no ka noho ʻana e hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻohana o 2-3 a hiki i nā holoholona 4 mau makahiki he nui. I loko o kahi ʻohana hiki aku i nā 16 beavers. Ma ka mea ʻē ʻole, kahi i palena ʻole ai nā kūlana no ka noho hou ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio āpau, e hoʻokaʻawale nō hoʻi nā holoholona ʻelua mau makahiki i nā ʻohana.

I ka wā pau, ua hoʻohemo ʻia kahi pōpilikia wai wai, nā mākeke o nā ʻohana pili e ʻohiʻohi i kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka wai. ʻO kekahi manawa ma nā wahi he nui a 16-20 a ʻoi paha nā keu. He ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa nā holoholona i ka luhi i kekahi i kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā kūlana e ʻike ʻia ai nā hakakā hakakā ma waena o nā beaver mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo Beaver

ʻO Beaver me nā kuika

Loaʻa ka poʻe Beavers i ka poperty ma 2-3 mau makahiki o ke ola - ʻoʻEulopa pinepine i ka manawa 3, a me Kanada - i ka lā 2. Kuhi lākou 1 ka manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka wā e moe ai no nā pōlani e noho ana ma ke ala waena i hāʻule i ka hopena o Dekemaba - hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haki - ma Ianuali-Pepeluali. I kēia manawa, hele pinepine nā holoholona i ka maka, i kekahi manawa e waiho ana i nā kahawai beaver ma nā ʻokoʻa. Hana ka hana o ka moe ʻana i ka beavers i loko o ka wai, ma lalo o ka hau. Hānau ka hāpaiʻana i ka wahine mai ka 103 i ka 107, ka awelika o 105 lā. No laila, maʻamau ka manawa o ka hānau keiki ʻana i ka Mei-Iune.

Hānau ʻia nā beavers, ʻike ʻia, uhi ʻia me ka hulu hipa. Ma kahi e hānau mua ai nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai i ke kai ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pēpē i loko o nā hale noho. 2-4 ua hiki i nā pēpē ʻehā loa ke neʻe a hala i ka lua, paʻakikī e kū i luna o ka wāwae a kūlou i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā Beavers i hānau i nā home mau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wili, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa.

A hiki i ka makahiki 2-3 hebedoma, hiki ʻole nā ​​holoholona ke hoʻowalewale, no ka mea, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka nui o ka paona o ke kauʻana o ka wai i hoʻoiho ʻia e lākou.

Ma kahi o 1 mahina e hoʻomaka ai, hoʻomaka nā beavers e kū ma luna o ke alo, kahi e ʻai ai nā mea kanu ʻōpala o nā mea kanu lāʻau a me ka mauʻu. I nā mahina 3-4, aia nā keiki ʻōpio kūʻokoʻa i nā holoholona kūʻokoʻa, me nā ʻano āpau o nā holoholona makua.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

He aha nā kau meli?

Mālama wale nā ​​mea kanu me nā meaʻai kanu. Ua hoʻokokoke ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu hānai iā 300, akā o ke kumu o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i mua o 10-20 mau lāʻau o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me ka mauʻu 20-30 mauʻu. ʻO ka kumu, ʻo ia nā ʻano wīwī, aspen, Birch, hua manu, poplar, wai lily, sedge, cattail, reed, arrow leaf ... I nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu, ʻai nā holoholona i ʻai a ʻai i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻalāhele ʻole o ka ʻōpala, nā ʻāpana o nā lālā, nā lau, nā lau - nā ʻōpala, nā lau, pua, a i kekahi manawa rhizomes.

Loaʻa ka hiki ke hiki i nā mea ʻaka e hana i nā lako o ka hoʻoilo. ʻOi aku ka pinepine o nā hāmeʻe e like me 10-25 kūlima cubic pahu, akā he mau ʻohana e aʻo a hiki i ka 50 a hiki i ka 100 cubic mika o nā kahi lāʻau a me nā lālā, nā aʻa a me nā rhizome o nā mea kanu a me nā semi-aquatic. I ka manawa like, aia nā ʻohana e piha piha ana ka lako meaʻai.

Ma mua ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻai nā ʻōpio i nā mea kanu maikaʻi i ka manawa wela, a i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻohana wale nei lākou i ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau i ka ʻūhū a ʻāʻowī ʻia i ka wā o nā ʻūhā ma ka ʻaoʻao. Akā, ke hōʻike nei nā mea nānā hou ʻaʻole pela kēia. ʻO ka wai a me nā mea kanu kahakai he mea kōkua nui ia i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā beavers, a no kekahi mau ʻohana ke kuleana nui lākou. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau i ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi ʻohana ʻohana i ka mālama ʻai, a he aha kā lākou mea e ʻai ai i ka hoʻoilo. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hāʻawi o nā meaʻai i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka hau a i ʻole ka waiwai paha i ka hopena o Ianuali-Pepeluali, a mai kēlā manawa e huli pono nā holoholona i ka ʻai.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

ʻO nā hae no nā beavers

He nui nā hae ma nā ʻōpua aʻelemakule - nā ʻoliva, nā lynxes, nā bears, nā wīwī. Hoʻohui kekahi mau zoologists i nā otter iā lākou. Noho ʻo Beaver a me nā otter i nā kūlana like a hui pū kekahi me kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, he mau wahi liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi otter e kūʻē ana i kahi beaver. No laila, manaʻo paha kekahi he mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo nā koi koʻikoʻi o nā beavers pākeke a mālama i ka otter i kahi lōʻihi mahalo.

ʻO nā ʻōpio pēpēpili, ʻoi loa nā beavers o kēia makahiki o ka hānau ʻana, he nui ka ʻōpio o nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka hoʻohui i nā mea i luna - ʻo ia kahi alopeke, nā ʻīlio raccoon, mink, marten, polecat. ʻO nā manu, nā ʻūliki a me nā ʻāpana nui ʻē aʻe, he goshawk, kahi pāleʻele, ʻona nui ka pōʻai no nā ʻaka manu. Aia nā ʻike maopopo o ke koena o ka beavers i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa a me nā pikes nui.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

Nā Palapala Kūʻai O Beaver

He liʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻokūkū ma Beavers. Ma kahi ākea nui, koʻikoʻi, e pili ana i nā mea hoʻokūkū o nā meaʻai me nā ʻanaka, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio wale nō e pili ana i kēlā mau holoholona, ​​e noho ana i ke kahakai, e ʻai i nā mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau e hānai i nā ʻōpala. Hoʻokomo kēia mau holoholona i ka moose, kiʻekiʻi, kahi e noho ana ka mea hope, e noho ana ma nā waikahe, a hiki i kahi nui. ʻO nā holoholona i koe wale nō - nā ʻiole, nā voles, muskrats a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau mea hoʻokūkū kai wale nō i nā makahiki o kā lākou ulu ʻana.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

Kahi wai e noho ana i loko o ka lua

ʻO nā mākaʻai ua aneane ʻaʻole kokoke e hoʻokūkū ma ka kumu o nā plots i noho a i ʻole noho ʻia. I kekahi mau wahi, ʻo ka pūnaehana o ka lua o ka lua, me nā beavers, e hoʻohana i nā otters. Ma nā kikowaena waena, nā ʻili o ka beaver o luna, me nā lua, ke hele ʻia e nā ʻalopona, nā ʻīlio raccoon, a me nā mea hoʻomaʻakaʻa pinepine ʻole. I nā ʻōkuhi o ka beaver kahiko e hiki ai i kekahi ke loaʻa i nā ʻōpala o nā alopeke a me nā ʻīlio raccoon.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

ʻO ka maʻi Beaver

Hoʻomoʻa ka poʻe pīpī i nā maʻi like ʻole - invasive a infectious. ʻOi aku pinepine ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā maʻi helminthic i loaʻa i nā beavers muliwai. He mea ʻaʻole hoʻi ia e ʻōlelo i loko o Natura hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua hele pū ʻia nā pōpoki āpau i nā ilo. ʻO 26 mau ʻano o nā palu ākea i ʻike ʻia i nā beavers me ka maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā maʻi ʻōpala maʻamau ka poha a me ka mauʻu.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

Nā poʻi ma nā ʻili

ʻO ka stikhorkhoz kahi e kime ai i hoʻokahi o nā kaila keʻokeʻo, ka nui a me ka like o ia ka mea i like me ka palaoa palaoa. ʻO kēia parasit i kekahi manawa hōʻiliʻili nui i ka nui o ka nui o ka holoholona a hana i ka pohō i ka momona, anemia, ʻono i ke kino o ka beaver me nā mea huna o ka lolo. ʻO ka pālahalaha hanaola he mea ākea ma waena o nā beavers o ka Voronezh, Batyug, Pozersk a me nā pihi ʻē aʻe.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑

ʻO ka huakaʻi ʻo Beaver Travassosiosis

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Travassosiosis i kahi nematode lauoho lauoho ʻulaʻula e pili ana i nā maʻi parasitous i loko o ka ʻōpū a ma nā papa o ke kīpē o ka nui o ka'ōpū. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine nā mea maʻi me kēia nematode i kahi hōʻeha o ka digestive tract, kahi mea e holomua ana ka mea hiki i ka make o ka holoholona.

I ka wā o ka lawehala, i ka wā o ka hana resettlement, make pinepine nā beavers mai ka paratyphoid me ka pasteurellosis. ʻO nā hihia o ka make beaver mai tularemia i ʻike ʻia.

I kēia lā ua kamaʻilio mākou i kekahi holoholona hoihoi e like me ka beaver, aʻo i kāna mau hana a me kāna mea e ʻai ai, kahi āna e noho ai. Lana ka manaʻo e kōkua kēia ʻike pili i kāu hulina no ka beaver. Ma ke ala, pehea ke makemake āu e huli ai i kēia holoholona? Kaʻana like i kāu mau ʻike a me kāu mau moʻolelo.

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai o Yu .. Dyakov, moho o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema, i lawe ʻia mai nā kumuwai ʻole.

Ke kali nei mākou i kāu pane a me kāu mau ʻōlelo, e hui pū me kā mākou hui VKontakte!

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka beaver

I ke kauoha ʻana o ka rodents, ʻo kēia waʻalā wai ka mea nui loa, e hōʻea i 30 kg a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha. Kahu ʻia ke kino a piʻi i ka 1,5 m lōʻihi, a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 30 cm. He mau lima paʻa i nā manamana lima ʻelima, ma waena o kahi mau membrane. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā wāwae hind ma mua o ka mua.

ʻAno nā mānoʻi, mae a pelu hoʻi. Ma ka lua o ka manamana lima, e laʻa ke gā, e like me ka comb. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai ka holoholona e hoʻohui i ka hulu nani a maikaʻi. ʻO ka huluhulu ka huluhulu o ka lauoho ulu a kūwaho hoʻi i lalo o ka undercoat, pale paʻa i ka hypothermia, ʻoiai ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i ka wai ʻole.

Mālama kekahi ʻāpana o ka momona subcutaneous, e mālama ana i ka wela wela i loko, e mālama ana hoʻi i ka anuanu. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o ka huluhulu mai ke aniani a me kahi keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele hoʻi, e like me nā paws a me ka huelo.

Ma muli o ka momona koʻikoʻi a me ka nani, ua hoʻopau loa ka holoholona i nā ʻano ʻano he nui: ua nui nā poʻe i makemake i ke kiʻi i kahi kapa hulu manu a me ka pāpale mai ka ʻili o kahi holoholona. I ka hopena beaohao hoʻohui i ka papa inoa holoholona manu ʻalani.

Kahi like ʻole ka huelo o ka holoholona me ka o 30 cm ka nui a me ka laulā 11-13 cm. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i nā paona nui a me nā ʻoi loa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka huelo a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi Eurasian a i ʻole he beaver maʻamau mai kahi pilikino ʻAmelika (Kanaka).

Ma ka huelo he wen a ʻelua mau aniani no ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻona i kapa ʻia he awāwa beaver. ʻO ka mea huna o ka wen ka mea e mālama i nā ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hoʻokahi (makahiki, kāne), a me ka mea ʻala e hōʻike ai i nā palena o ke kaona i noho ʻia. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ka ʻokoʻa o ke kahawai beaver, e like me kahi manamana lima i loko o ke kanaka. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huahana i nā mea ʻala.

I ke kiʻi he beaver

Ke ʻike iki ʻia nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi e ʻike aniani i nā huluhulu. ʻOiai ka nui o nā māhele auditory, he maikaʻi loa ka hoʻolohe ʻana o nā holoholona. Ke kāwele ʻia nā leo ihu i ka wai, kokoke nā pepeiao o nā holoholona, ​​pale ʻia nā maka e ka "kolu o ke kenekulia" a pale ʻia mai nā hōʻeha.

Mālama ka membrane ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka holoholona ma ka wai anuanu. Hoʻolālā ʻia nō ka lehelehe ʻuʻuku ʻo ia ke ʻano ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai i ka lua o ka waha a ʻeha.

Hōʻike ka nui o nā māmā i ka holoholona e ʻau, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike i luna o ka wai, a hiki i 700 m, e hoʻopau ana i nā minuke 15. No nā holoholona semi-akuatic, ʻo ia nā helu helu.

Pololei nā puaʻa holoholona i loko o nā wai wai pohō hohonu. ʻO ia nā nāhelehele lāʻau, nā loko wai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā ʻāpana o nā waihona kālā. ʻO ke kumu nui o nā mākau lau o nā kahakai palalulu, nā lāʻau a me nā mauʻu. Inā ʻaʻole kūpono kūpono ka helehelena, a laila hana ka beaver i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiāulu, e like me ka mea kūkulu hale.

I ka manawa e noho ai nā holoholona ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, koe wale nō ʻo Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. Akā ʻo ka luku a me ka hana waiwai ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o kahi hapa nui o nā beavers. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hoʻihoʻi a hiki i kēia lā, noho ka beavers i nā kino wai noho.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona Beaver a me ke ʻano ola

ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona semi-aquatic e ʻike paʻa loa ana i ka wai, ʻauʻau nani, hoʻoilo, a ma ka ʻāina beaohao ua ʻano o aloha holoholona.

ʻO ka hana o nā holoholona nui e hoʻonui i ke ahiahi a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō. ʻO ke kauwela hiki iā lākou ke hana no nā hola 12. Ma ka hoʻoilo wale nō, ma nā fri koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i nā wahi nalo. ʻO nā ʻuʻulu a ʻo nā ʻūʻu i hea ʻia nā wahi i noho ai nā ʻohana beaver.

Hūnā ʻia nā komo mink e ka wai a alakaʻi i nā mahele kūloko o nā ʻāpana o ke kahakai. Hoʻomaopopo ka puka ma waho i ka palekana holoholona. Aia ka noho o kahi keʻena noho ma mua o kahi mika a ma kahi o 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe e kū ana ma luna o ka wai o ka wai.

Hiki i kahi beaver ke hana i nā pahu i hiki ke kākoʻo i ka kaumaha o kahi kanaka.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi canopy kūikawā i ka wahi ma luna o ka muliwai kahi i loaʻa ai ka lua mai ka hoʻoilo ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kūloko o nā beavers e like me ka ʻoihana o nā mea hoʻolālā. Hoʻomau ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā huts ma nā papa palupalu a i ʻole nā ​​kala liʻiliʻi.ʻO kēia nā mea hoʻohālikelike cone a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau palaka, silt a me ka pālolo.

Pomo i loko, ʻai lākou, a hiki i ka 12 m ʻehā. Ma luna, aia ka lua no ka lewa, a ma ka ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi he manholes no ka hoʻomaʻomo ʻana i ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia ka wela i loko, ʻaʻohe hau, hiki i nā ʻili ke hoʻokuʻi iā lākou iho i kahi waiwai. ʻO ka maʻa ma luna o ka hale i ka pō maloʻo, he hōʻailona ia o ka hale noho.

No ka mālama i ka pae o ka wai i koi ʻia a mālama i nā lumi i loko a me nā ʻoka, nā beavers kahi i ʻike ʻia i nā kaola, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻona, mai nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau a me ka silt. ʻO nā pōhaku koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka 18 kg ua loaʻa e hoʻoikaika i ka hale.

Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo kahi ʻano o ka pōpō he lāʻau hāʻule, kahi i piha ʻia me nā waihona kūkulu a 30 m mau loa, a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 6 m ākea ke hiki maʻalahi ke kākoʻo i ke kaupaona o kekahi.

I ke kiʻi, Nora Beaver

Mālama ʻia ka manawa hana ma kahi o 2-3 mau pule. A laila e kiaʻi pono nā mea pīpī i ka palekana o ka mea i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokau "hoʻoponopono" inā pono. Hana pū lākou me nā ʻohana, ke kaʻi ʻana aku i nā kuleana, me he mea lā he hopena kūpono ʻole.

Mālama nā Rodents i nā minuke 5 me nā lāʻau a hiki i ka 7-8 cm ke anawaena, hemo i ka hehi i ka waihona. Me nā lāʻau nui, hiki i 40 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kālai i ka pō. Ke ʻoki nei i nā ʻāpana, i ka lawe ʻana i ka noho a i ʻole kahi māka i lawe ʻia i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻole.

He aha nā ʻano holoholona hihiu i loko o kona hale, ʻike ʻia e ka noho maʻamau. ʻAʻole wale ka noho ʻana, akā ma nā ʻaoʻao kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā lako a me nā mea hānai, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā excrement a me nā lepo lepo.

Nā keʻena, nā hale, nā hale kūkulu hale - pili nā mea āpau a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano kūikawā, kahi i kapa ʻia he beaver. Ke hele mai nei ka kamaʻilio ʻana o nā holoholona me ke kōkua o nā hōʻailona ʻala koʻikoʻi, ke kani i nā leo e like me ka whistling, nā kui kuʻi.

Pāʻai wai - kani a kauoha a hūnā ma ka wai. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui ma nā mea lewa, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻaukā brown. Akā he hapa nui loa i ka lehulehu o ka beaver mea i hana ʻia e nā kānaka.

Beaver - holoholona-ʻohana a me ka hoʻomohala o kahi ʻano ʻohana noho mālie. I kā lākou manawa hoʻomaha, ke nānā nei lākou i ka lole huluhulu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ia me nā mea huna mai nā puʻu sebaceous, pale iā ia mai ka maloo.

Ke poʻo inoa

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "beaver" hoʻoilina ia mai ka ʻōlelo ʻ Indlelo Indo-European (cf. German Biber, jam. Bėbros), i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka palaka ʻole piha ʻana o ka inoa brown. Kūkulu ʻia nā kumu * bhe-bhru-.

Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai linguistic o 1961, ka ʻōlelo beaohao pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka manaʻo kuapo o kekahi holoholona mai ke ʻano o nā rodents me ka hulu manu nui, a beaohao - i ke ʻano o ka huluhulu o kēia holoholona: beaver collar, lole i ka hulu beaver. Akā, i ka haʻi'ōlelo, ka'ōlelo beaohao maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka unuhi ʻana no ka ʻōlelo beaohao (pehea muku a muku, hāpau a hāpau).

Wahi a ka 2004 Spelling Dictionary, ka helu o ka hoʻopuka beaver, beaver (manu, hulu).

Kahele

I ka wā mua o ka mōʻaukala, ua kahele ʻia kahi beaver maʻamau ma loko o ka wahi i ululāʻau ʻo Iulopa a me ʻAsia, akā, no ka hōʻiliʻili ikaika ʻana, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ua ʻoki loa kahi ʻani manu i ka hapanui o kona ākea. ʻO ka ʻano o ka beaver o kēia manawa no ka hapa nui ka hopena o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻopili hou. I ʻEulopa, noho ʻo ia ma nā ʻāina Scandinavian, Nui Pelekane (i pepehi ʻia ʻo ia e ka kenekulia 16 me ka ʻae ʻole o ʻEselika a me ke kalana ʻo Devon, i hana hou ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo Gloucestershire i ka makahiki 2005), ʻo Rhone lalo (Farani), ka Elbe basin (Kelemānia), ka puna ʻo Vistula (Polani) , ma ka ululāʻau a me kekahi ʻāpana nahele-steppe zone o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia, ma Belarus, ma Ukraine. Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā beaver ma ka Northern Trans-Urals, nā wahi āpau ma ka ʻāina Novosibirsk. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi maʻamau i loaʻa i ka beaver maʻamau ma ka Yenisei, Kuzbass, Pribaikalye, Khabarovsk Territory, Kamchatka, Kurgan, Omsk a me Tomsk Oblasts (ʻumi mau tausani kanaka) i ka muliwai Keti ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, ma ka Lāʻāina Altai. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ia ma nā ʻāpana a me nā hikina o Kazakhstan, ma Mongolia (nā ʻāpana Urungu a me Bimen) a ma Northwest China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).

ʻO nā honu a me nā kāwili

Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma nā kunu a i ʻole huts. ʻO ka puka e kipa ana i ka home o ka beaver e waiho mau ʻia ma lalo o ka wai no ka palekana. E puhi ana nā pū i nā waihona kālai a i ʻole nā ​​kālai wai; he labyrinth paʻakikī ia me ka komo ʻana o 4-5. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia nā pā a me ke kuahiwi o ka luaʻi. Aia ka lumi kola i loko o ka lua i ka hohonu o ka lōʻihi aʻe o ka ma mua o 1 m. Uaʻoi aʻe ka laulā o ka lumi ola ma mua o kahi mika, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe he 40-50 sentimita. Pono ka papahele o 20 kenimika ma luna o ka pae wai. Inā piʻi ka wai i ka wai, e hoʻoulu kahi bea i ka papahele, e ʻohi ana i ka lepo mai ka palaki. A ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka muliwai ma luna o ka puka o ka lua i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona i ka lua, ua uhi lākou i kēia wahi me kahi canopy kūikawā. ʻO kekahi manawa e hiolo ʻia ka paila o kahi lua a ma kona wahi i paʻa ai ka papahele o nā pua a me ka lika manu, e hoʻololi ana i ka papaʻu i kahi ʻano transitional o kahi mālama - he hapalua-shack. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā beavers ke kūkulu i nā hāmoki ma luna o nā lāʻau mai nā lālā a me nā lālā me kahi moena o ka mauʻu maloʻo.

Kūkulu ʻia nā hule ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole ai ke burrows - ma nā kahawai palupalu a haʻahaʻa a me nā pāpō hoʻi. Hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ʻo Beavers e kūkulu i hale hou ma mua o ka hopena o ʻAukake. Kipa ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi puʻupuʻu cone like me ka cone, i paʻa me ka silt a me ka honua, a hiki i 1-3 m ke kiʻekiʻe a he 10-12 m ka lapalapa ʻana. hole ma ka uahi. ʻOiai ka manaʻo pālahalaha nui, hoʻopili nā beavers i ka pālolo e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou mau wāwae mua, ʻaʻole ka ʻili (ʻo ka huelo ka lawelawe wale ʻana he rudder). I loko o ka hale honu nā manholes i loko o ka wai a me kahi papa e piʻi i luna o ka pae o ka wai. Me nā hana o nā hua mua, e hoʻohui hou i nā beavers i nā houp me kahi papa hou o ka pālolo. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia kahi mālama maikaʻi i loko o nā huts, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka wai i loko o nā manholes, a loaʻa i nā beavers ka manawa e puka i loko o ka mānoanoa a loko o ka waihona waiwai. I nā kuʻekuʻe koʻikoʻi ma luna o nāapu ​​kuahiʻu, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka noho ʻana o ka hale. I kekahi manawa i loko o hoʻokahi pānaʻi beaver aia kekahi nō hoʻi a me nā ʻuʻuku. Pēlā ka poʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa, ʻaʻole loa e litter i ko lākou mau home me ka lepo a me ka excrement.

Ma nā hale wai me nā ʻano wai e hoʻololi ana, a ma nā kahawai wai pāpū a me nā kahawai, kūkulu nā ʻohana beaver i nā kāmela. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e hāpai, mālama a hoʻoponopono i ka pae o ka wai i loko o ka nui o ka wai i hiki ke kūleʻa ʻia nā puka i nā puʻu a me nā kīkī. Aia ka pāpū ma lalo o ke kaona beaver o nā kumu lāʻau, nā lālā a me ka palaina, i mālama ʻia e ka pālolo, ka silt, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe e hānai ai i ko lākou mau niho a manu ʻole. Inā he kahe wikiwiki ka kino o ka wai a aia nā pōhaku ma ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi lākou me he mea laʻa. ʻO ka paona o nā pōhaku i hiki i kekahi manawa ke hiki aku 15-18 kg.

No ke kūkulu i ka pāpū, ua koho nā wahi i ulu a kokoke i ka lihi o ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana me nā beavers kūʻē i nā lālā a me nā ʻōpala i lalo, hoʻoikaika i nā kīpī me nā lālā a me nā ʻihi, hoʻopiha i nā kīpī me ka silt, ka pālolo a me nā pōhaku. Ma ke kākoʻo he kākoʻo ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka lāʻau i hāʻule i ka muliwai, lohi iki me ia i nā lako i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao a pau. I kekahi manawa i nā kumulāʻau beaver a loaʻa i ke aʻa, e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ikaika keu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka dam dam ka 20-30 m, ʻo ka laulā ma ke kumu he 4-6 m, ma ka crest 1-2 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i ka 4.8 m, ʻoiai ka 2 mau m ʻo ka hina kahiko e kū mālie i ka paona o ke kanaka. ʻO ka palapala ma ka kūkulu ʻana i nā panana, ʻaʻole ia he mau mea maʻamau, akā no nā beavers Kanalona - kahiʻano i kūkulu ʻia e lākou ma ka muliwai. ʻO Jefferson (Montana), ua lōʻihi i ka 700 m. (Ma ka mokuʻāina o New Hampshire aia kekahi ala lōʻihi - 1,2 km.) ʻO ke ʻano o ka pōʻai e hilinaʻi ana i ka wikiwiki o kēia wā - kahi e lohi ana, kokoke pololei ka ʻāpana, ua kūloko ʻo ia ma nā kahawai wikiwiki luna. Inā ikaika ka nāu, inā hoʻokau nā pālani liʻiliʻi i nā kāwili liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku i luna o ka muliwai. Hoʻomau pinepine ʻia kahi waika ma kahi o ka wahii i ʻole e wāwahi ʻia ai e ka wai. ʻO ka awelika, ʻālau ʻohana he kahi ma kahi hebedoma e kūkulu i kahi pā 10 m. Mālama pono nā mākaʻi i ka palekana o ka pale a hoʻopaʻa i ia inā he leak. I kekahi manawa pili i kekahi mau ʻohana e hana ana i nā lōlani e komo i ka hana.

ʻO ka hāʻawi nui ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o nā beaver i ka wā e hana ʻia ai nā māka, ua hana ʻia e ka Suology etene Don Wilson [en] (1971) a me ka zoologist Farani (1967, 1980). Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana, ua ʻike pololei i nā kipa me kahi e loli ai ka leo, ka mea e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o nā wahi hoʻohua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i nānā i ka kaʻole o ka wai - ma ke ʻano like, ua hōʻike nā beavers i ke kani ʻana o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kākau paʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia he mau hoʻokolohua hou ʻia ke kani ʻana, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻaʻole ia wale ke ʻano. No laila, huki ʻia nā pōloli me ka māka a me nā lālā a me nā lālā, ʻoi aku ka mea i koʻo ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao a ʻo ia ka "hiki ʻole". I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia e kūlike loa pehea ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana o nā beavers i nā kuleana i waena o lākou iho i ka hana hui. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hana ma nā hui, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, a i ʻole ke kala ʻana. Akā nā hana kolamu a me nā mea hana kūʻokoʻa e like me kahi hoʻolālā kūlohelohe maʻamau, pololei maoli a noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi loa.

No ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻokiʻoki nā mākaʻi i nā kumulāʻau, e ʻalupā ana iā lākou ma ke kumu, e kuʻi ana i nā lālā, a laila hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana i nā māhele. Kolo ka beaver i kahi aspen me ka diameter o 5-7 cm i 5 mau minuke, he kumulāʻau me ka lōʻihi o 40 cm mau ʻāpana a ʻokiʻoki i ka pō, a i ke kakahiaka wale nō kahi pehu a paʻapū a me kahi ʻāpana maʻa mau i kahi o ka hana a ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi beaver i kiʻi ʻia e ka beaver e kiʻi i ke ʻano ʻano o ka hourglass. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukuna Beaver, piʻi i kona mau wāwae hind a ke kau nei ma kona huelo. ʻĀnihi kāna mau ʻaniani e like me ka ʻike lā: i luna ai kahi kumulāʻau, e kau ana ka beaver i kāna mau lāʻau ulu ma luna o kāna mau ʻili a hoʻomaka e hoʻoneʻe koke i kāna iwi ʻāʻuku mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hana ana i ka holo o 5-6 i kekona. Hoʻopili hewa nā mea ukiu: ʻo ka pale o mua ka uhi ʻia me ka enamel, ʻo ka hope ke kua o ka niho paʻakikī. Ke kime nei kahi beaver ma kahi mea, e wikiwiki koke ka lihi o ka niho ma mua o ka enamel, no laila e kū pinepine ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka niho i nā manawa āpau.

ʻAi nā mea kanu o kekahi mau lālā o kahi lāʻau i hāʻule ma luna o ke koʻi, hele kekahi a hoʻoliʻu a lele ʻole a ʻauheʻe paha ma ka wai i ko lākou wahi a i ʻole ka kūkulu ʻana i ka pā. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hāhai ana i nā ala like ʻole no ka meaʻai a me nā mea kūkulu hale, hehi lākou ma nā ala ala o kahakai e hoʻouluulu ʻia me ka wai - beaver channels. Hoʻopili lākou i ka ʻai lāʻau me lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe e hoʻopaʻa i nā haneli mau mika me ka laulā o 40-50 cm a hohonu paha o 1 m. ʻO nā mea kikowaena ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i nā kahawai.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia wahi ma muli o ka hana a nā mea pīkī ka noho ma luna o ia bea hiʻohiʻona.