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ʻO nā manuʻai kekahi o nā manu ʻokoʻa maʻamau, i ka helehelena a ma nā ʻano. Ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻūkini āpau i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: vultures of the Old World and vultures of the New World (i.e., the living in America).

Ka moʻomeheu manuahi (pili i ka ʻohana hawk) loaʻa 8 mauʻano (ʻōpio ʻAmelika (Gyps africanus), ʻĀpana Bengal (Gyps bengalensis), Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres), Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), Snow vulture (Gyps himalayensis) , Inehana vēleka (Gyps indicus), ʻōpio ʻAmelika (Gyps rueppellii), Gyps tenuirostris). Ke noho nei kēia mau manu āpau ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, Hema o ʻEulopa, a me Crimea, i loko o Caucasus, a me ʻApelika.

ʻO ke koena (nā kaiāulu ʻē aʻe) aia nā ʻohana puaʻāina ma ʻAmelika. Eia kekahi, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻalemepala kekahi mau ʻelele o ka subfamily o nā ʻōpio (Black Vulture, Palm Vulture, etc.)

He mau ʻōnelu hulu hulu nā ʻōleʻa āpau. A loaʻa wale nō nā ʻōhua like ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka hapa ʻona o nā vultures he black catarta. Ke ulu nei kona kino i ka lōʻihi mai 50 a 60 sentimita, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ka manu e hiki ana mai i 1100 a i 1900 gram.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana o kēia manu manu he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 70-90 mau kenimika a me ke kaumaha o 3 a 7 mau kilogram. Hiki i nā ʻēheu o kekahi mau ʻōpio he ʻekolu mau mita! Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau manu e kahi beak nui ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke ʻano nani, ʻaʻole ka manu i ka manu e hiki ai ke hoʻopōʻino nui i kekahi holoholona a i ʻole kekahi kanaka, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ona mana kona mau wāwae a ʻoi ka nui, ʻaʻole e pono ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai ma ka lewa.

Uwui ka hulu o kēia mau manu. Ua hōʻike piha ʻia kekahi mau wahi o ke kino ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona maka e hiki i ka manu ke komo i loko o kona poʻo i loko o ke kalapu, me ka makaʻu ʻole e lilo i ka lepo. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano manu i loko o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika e kahi hulu pua "kolu". Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ʻokoʻa i nā lula, no ka laʻana, kahi pālule pāma, kona poʻo a me kona ʻāʻī e uhi ʻia i ka hulu.

ʻO nā kala, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻōpio me nā manu a nani loa. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, he brown, hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, nā aniani keʻokeʻo. Eia naʻe kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe: ʻo ka hoʻohālike i ka ʻola aliʻi kūloko e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kaʻulaʻulaʻula ke kala o kona mau hulu, a he melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula ka ʻili.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻike manu i nā wahi ākea a ʻike ʻia. Noho lākou iā lākou ma nā puʻu, ma nā puʻu, a i nā wao nahele. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i kahi ola luhi, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā neʻe no kēlā me kēia wā, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o kēia ʻano ʻano manuʻu ʻano, e like me ka holopeke turki.

Makemake i nā mele e ola a i ʻole nā mele a me ke mele paha. ʻIke ʻia ka pūʻulu nui o nā ʻano manu ma ka wā "ʻahaʻaina", i.e. kokoke i ke kupapaʻu make. ʻO kēia mau luna o ka honua huluhulu hana wale aku i ka lā.

A ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻōpio, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou ʻano, ka mālie, a me ke aloha. Hiki i kēia mau manu ke ule i nā hola he nui ma luna o ka lepo, me ka hoʻomanawanui e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai. Ke piʻi nei i ka lewa, lele lākou i ka pōʻai, e ʻimi ana i ka waiwai o ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā manu manu he mau manu make ʻai, akā no lākou, no ka hoʻohala ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻimi i nā holoholona nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o kā lākouʻai ʻana, e like me kāu e ʻike nei, nā ʻukena. E leʻaleʻa lākou i nā koena o nā kupapaʻu, nā ʻōla make, nā elephants, nā antelope, a me nā hua manu manu aia ma kā lākou papa papa me ka leʻaleʻa.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Grifov e hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona: he ʻāuna ʻao ʻono loa lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nā holoholona o kēia mau manu e haʻaheo i ka ʻike makamae.

No kā lākou mea pio, ʻaʻole e komo kēia mau manu i ka hakakā me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi wale lākou i ia. Akā inā he ʻohana hipa i hopu ʻia i luna o ke kino o kekahi holoholona nui, a laila, ʻaʻole wale e waiho wale nā iwi mai ia mea. No laila ka hapa nui o kahi anele makua makua i kahi hipa o nā manu he ʻumi e hiki ai i ke kuahiwi i ka 10-20 mau minuke.

ʻO kēia ala e hānai ai i nā ʻaleʻī he mea nui o nā pilina nui loa i ka kaiaea. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā kauoha nui o ke ʻano, ke ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, ke pale ʻana i ka pōʻino o nā maʻi o nā holoholona ʻē a me nā kānaka.

Hoʻopuka hou nā ʻano holo mua i kēlā me kēia 1 - 2 mau makahiki. Kūkulu kēia mau manu i nā lāʻau lāʻau loloa a i ʻole nā pōhaku. I ka manawa hana, moe kolohe ka wahine wahine i nā hua he 1-3. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka incubation mai 38 a 55 lā. ʻO nā keikikāne i hānau ʻia ma ka papa no nā mahina ʻekolu ʻekolu. Aia ka ʻōpio Vulture i 4 a 7 mau makahiki. I waena o nā ʻelele o ka honua hulu, ʻĀnō kekahi o nā lā lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ko lākou ola ma kahi o 50-55 mau makahiki.

Loaʻa nā hua manu i kahi hana maʻamau i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, he ʻono maikaʻi loa kēia mau manu. No laila, hana nā vultures ma aneʻi no ka pono o ka poʻe, e kōkua ana i ka huli koke a kāpae i nā puhi lewa. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea kūikawā i ka ʻenehana kūlohelohe e kahe ana ma o ka alapine ʻōpala, kahi ʻoni like like me nā mea ʻala o ke kalapu.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻonā i kēia "ʻono", akā hiki ke ʻono nā ʻano manuʻai i kahi lōʻihi. Ke nānā nei i kēlā mau pua o nā ʻūlau, ʻaʻole hoʻouna ʻia nā mea hoʻohana i ka wahi o ka ulia.

KAHIKI

Aia kekahi mau ʻanoʻike i ʻike ʻole ʻia e mākou, ʻike ʻole ʻia. No ka hoʻohālikelike, manaʻo ka poʻe i nā kumu no nā holoholona make i ʻike pinepine ʻole i ka ulu lāʻau, ma ke ala, i nā kuahiwi. Ma hea lākou e hele ai?

ʻAʻole ʻai nā māmala i ka kālai, makemake lākou i ka hopu ʻana, noho ma ka hoʻohālua no nā hola, e alualu i ka waiwai. Akā, aia ka mea nāna e kuke ana i ka mea ʻai i nā holoholona make. ʻO kekahi mau pālako e hāʻule ai - "nā ʻāpana ʻēheu" - nona nā manu he nui. ʻO nā huaʻai he mea hoʻohālike, ʻokoʻa loa ka hānai. Ua nui a ikaika loa lākou a pau. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka manu ʻōpio liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he 160 cm, a ʻo ka ʻele nui o ka hau ma mua o 3 m. Hiki iā ia ke hāpai i kahi hipa i ka lewa.

Noho nā ʻōleʻa ma nā pae waena a me nā mauna mauna. Ke lele nei i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā mile, e nānā ana lākou i kā lākou "waiwai", ʻike koke i ka kaluna a lele koke i lalo. ʻO nā maka he kupaianaha āu e pono ai ke ʻike i ka mea make ma kahi mamao.

Hōʻalo pinepine ʻia nā ʻano manu: ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu loa kā lākou meaʻai. Akā wale no kēia, ua noʻonoʻo pono nā vultures. A ʻo ka mea aloha maoli a ʻike i ke ʻano, ʻaʻole loa e pana ʻoi kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ua piha lākou, kaumaha a ʻaʻole hiki ke lele koke. A no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōpio puaʻa me hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole ʻōpio (ʻaʻohe hapa mau moa i loko o nā ʻuala), ʻaʻole ia e luku loa ia.

Nui nā ʻano o nā ʻūkini, a he mea āpau lākou i nā lā a pau. He nui o lākou e noho kokoke ana ma kahi kanaka. Akāʻo condors - nā ʻeleʻele o ʻAmelika Hema - noho i nā mauna i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 7 km. Akā no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā holoholona, ua luku ʻia lākou.

Kāleka

ʻO nā ʻōiwi he pūʻulu heterogeneous o nā manu i haku ʻia e nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano ʻalike o ka ʻohana hawk (ua kapa ʻia lākou he ʻano nūnū o ka Honua Mua) a he ʻohana kaʻawale o nā ʻolua American (ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau ʻano ʻānua o ke Ao Hou). He 15 nā ʻano manu o ka ʻohana ʻōpio, 5 i ka ʻohana ʻōiwi ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole pili lākou i like me kekahi, akā like like me nā ʻano like. I ka huli ʻana, kokoke nā ʻāleʻa o ka Honua Ma kahi kokoke i ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi a me nā ʻolo, a ua kokoke nā ʻāleʻa o ke Ao Hou i nā condors.

ʻUltureleka ʻeleʻele (Aegypius monachus).

ʻO nā manu nui he nui a me ka manuahi ʻōpiopio. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi loa ʻo ka catarta ʻalani ʻAmelika, kona kino kino 50-65 cm, ke kaupaona 1.1-1.9 kg. Kuhi ka hapanui o ka lōʻihi o 70-90 cm a kaupaona ʻo 3-7 kg, ʻo nā mākaʻi nui loa (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻūlani pepeiao ʻōiwi o Aferika) he mau ʻēheu ka 3 m a kaupaona a hiki i 10-14 kg. 'O ka nui ka nui o kēia mau manu, pili nui,' ākea nā 'ona, nā lapalapa nui. ʻOiai ka nui a me ka hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī, ʻaʻole i kau ka ʻehā i kahi pōʻino i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, no ka mea, ua ikaika wale ka wāwae o lākou, akā hiki ke paʻa ʻole i ka waiwai. No kēia mea, ʻaʻole e hoʻouka ka manu lele i nā holoholona, ʻoiai i ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho. ʻO ka lūlū o kēia mau manu i ulu ʻole ʻia, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo, e ʻae ai ka lele ʻana e lele maikaʻi, aia nā hulu maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka hulu ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma ua hoʻomānoino maoli. I kekahi mau ʻōiwi ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka pōkole loa, i loko o kekahi i nā kahaha piha a uhi ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana, ʻoi aku, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī o ka Old World i hōʻike ʻia e ka puʻu o ka hulu protruding ma ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i nā manu e hoʻopili i ko lākou mau poʻo i loko o ke kalana a ma ka manawa like me ka pili ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka plumage, hoʻokahe ke koko i nā pā a hoʻohemo ai i kāna kolana. Akā aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i kēia lula ʻana, no ka laʻana, he pālaula manu ka hulu manu a me ka ʻāʻī a ke ʻano like me ka ʻaeto ma mua o ka ʻāʻī, no kēia kumu ua kapa ʻia ia he manu lele a pili pū ʻia i waena o nā ʻohana o kēia mau manu.

ʻO ka ʻāpana kuahiʻu, a i ʻole Vulture Eagle (Gypohierax angolensis) he ʻano hele atypical.

ʻ isleʻele a ʻalani Vulture: ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke ʻeleʻele ka ʻili i ka ʻāʻī o ka plumage a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻia, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka lei aliʻi ʻilika mai ʻAmelika Hema, nona ka ʻōpala, a ulaula, a ʻo ka ʻili ma ka ʻāʻī ʻia pe ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu pilikino i kēia mau manu, like like nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Royal Vulture (papa papa Sarcoramphus).

Hoʻopuni ka noho ʻana o ka ʻōiwi me ka hema o ʻEulopa (me Crimea), Central and South Asia, ka Caucasus, kokoke o ʻAmelika, hema a me ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema. Akā i ʻōlelo iaʻu ua kaupalena wale nō nā ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia mahele o hoʻokahi ʻāina wale nō, ʻaʻohe ʻano kosmopolitans ma waena o kēia mau manu. ʻO nā hale maʻamau no lākou he mea ākea a nānā pono ʻia nā wahi - savannahs, deses, slopes mauna. Uwē nui nā ʻūhā, noho lākou i nā ʻāina mau, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i nā neʻe pekaleka (ʻaʻole ʻē aʻe ka vulture-turkey, ka mea e hana ai i nā ʻōlima mau makahiki). I ka manawa like, hoʻoweliweli nā manu lele i ka huki ʻana i nā palena o kēlā me kēia kanaka, kahi e pili pū ana i nā ʻanina o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Noho ka manu a hoʻokahi wale nō paha, akā kokoke i kahi nui i hiki ke hōʻiliʻili iā lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā haneli he nui, a hana wale ʻia ka lā i ke ao.

Vulture Turkey (Cathartes aura).

ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau manu, ʻoluʻolu loa, ʻimi kipa a mahalo. ʻO nā kikoʻī o ka hopu manu e ʻāʻī i nā aʻe o luna o ka ʻāina ma luna o nā hola i kahi noho piha ʻana, he mea hoʻomanawanui lākou, a hoʻomau a hoʻomau. Hour i kēlā me kēia hola, piʻi lākou i ka lewa a lele i loko o nā pōpoki, me ka huli ʻana i ka neʻe o nā hoalauna. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pua i ka lewa me ka leʻa i ko lākou mau ʻēheu. No ka mea, ke hoʻohana nei lākou i nā ʻōpū o ka ea mahana, e kū ana mai ka honua i hoʻomālamalama ʻia. Ma kēia ala, mālama nā manu i ka ikehu. E ʻike ana i ka mea pio, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka ʻeuʻeu, a wikiwiki koke kona mau hoahānau e hui pū me ia. ʻAʻole aneane kue ka manu i kekahi me kekahi, aia wale nō ke ʻoki ʻana i nā kupapaʻu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū i nā mea hoʻokūkū ma o nā ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻēheu, akā ʻaʻole kēia no ka hakakā maoli, akā he hiʻona pōloli. ʻOiai hoihoi ia nā ʻikepili i ʻoluʻolu ke hoʻopili nei i nā mea like ʻole o kā lākou ʻano pilikino, akā i nā ʻelele o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻōpio ʻAmelika (Gyps africanus) i nā ʻēheu ākea e iho ana i ka waiwai.

ʻO nā ʻuhane he mea hoʻohua, akā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻimi i nā holoholona nui a me nā manu. ʻO ke ʻano o kā lākou lawe ʻana i ke kalapu ua ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi. Ke koena o nā holoholona mahele mau - nā antelope, nā kao kuahiwi a me nā hipa kāne, nā llamas e lilo i meaʻai na lākou. Akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kahi mea ʻai o nā ʻiole - nā kupapaʻu o nā mea hoʻopalapula, nā iʻa ʻeleʻele, nā nāhelehele make, nā mea ai wale, nā ʻuʻina, nā hua manu. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻAmelika eʻai i nā hua pala ʻole. ʻAi ka laupī palu i nā hua o ka pāma aila, akā me ka huahana o nā holoholona (crabs, mollusks, lizards) i kāna meaʻai. Pono au e ʻōlelo ʻo ka huli ʻana i ka ʻūkā manuahi e kōkua i ka naʻau pono. No laila, ke ʻimi nei nā vultures o ka Honua Mamua i ka waiwai me ke kōkua o ka hihiʻo maoli loa, mai ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau kilomita hiki iā lākou ke ʻike a hiki i kahi ʻāpana o ke kao a me ka gazelle paha, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi holoholona wahaheʻe mai kahi holoholona make i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kikoʻī ʻia nā ʻano mele hou loa o ka honua Hou, akā he mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻi i loko o ke ao o nā manu - he ʻōpū kūpono loa. I nā manu, ma ka laulā, ulu ʻino ka manaʻo o ka ʻohu, akā ʻo nā ʻūkū ʻAmelika he mea ʻokoʻa ʻole ia i kēia lula. ʻAʻole wale lākou honi kūpono, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻowalewale i kā lākou mau punela i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Me ke kōkua o ke ʻano o ka ʻala, makemake lākou e like me ke kahe koko maoli, i ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi o ke kupapaʻu no kekahi mau hola.

Catartha ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole Uruba (Coragyps atratus) ke ʻano piha o ka pili koko.

He mau ala e pili ana i ka "hunting". Ma nā wahi ākea (nā mauna, nā wao nahele) e nānā ana i nā kino o nā holoholona make mai luna, ma nā wahi nui i ka hopu ʻia o nā mea manuʻai (savannahs) e hahai ana iā lākou a kali wale no ke koena o ka ʻai o kekahi. Eia kā lākou i kiaʻi pinepine ai i nā holoholona i ʻeha, me ka hoʻomanawanui no ka make o lākou. Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo maʻamau, ʻaʻole i pau nā ʻuʻuku i ka mea make a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona make, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka a hū nā manu i ka ʻai, a ke kū nei ka mea pio, ke kī koke ʻo ia iā ia a neʻe aku. I ka hopena, i kekahi mau wahi, ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻahi ma kahi o nā heihei e waiho ai i kā lākou hua, e hoʻolei i nā iʻa i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka nalu. ʻAi nā ʻōpio i ʻoki i nā hua i hōʻoki ʻia, nā iʻa make, a i kekahi manawa e ʻai ai i nā pipi a me nā mea hou ola.

Kūleʻa ʻo Griffon (Gyps fulvus) i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe me kahi koloa papa keʻokeʻo.

He manu nā manu hānai (no ka nui o ko lākou nui), no laila ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka kaua kaua no nā mea e huaʻāina ʻē. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai a nui, ke goiter nui a me ka ʻōpū e hoʻopau iā lākou e ʻai i kā lākou ʻai i ka manawa. ʻO kahi pua o nā manu he ʻumi i 10-20 mau minuke piha loa i ka ʻāla o kahi antelope. Ma kahi pāʻina e kokoke ana i kahi pahu nui, nui nā ʻano vultures e komo. ʻAʻole wale kēia mea nā pilina pili kuapo, akā he kōkua kūʻokoʻa maoli. ʻO ka mea like o nā ʻano manu like manu me ka loea o ka ʻai: ʻai kekahi i nā ʻāpana palupalu o ka pahu (viscera, nā ʻōpū), a me nā ʻōpū (nā ʻili, nā iwi, ka ʻili, nā tendons). ʻAʻohe kūpono ka nui o ke kino holoholona nui (no ka laʻana he elepana) i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke haehae i kona ʻili. No laila, pono lākou e kali i nā mea nui e lele i loko e kōkua.

ʻO kahi pā i hui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻola ʻaʻai he nui i nā kupapaʻu o kahi elephant. Ma ke kalana e noho ana kahi pahu nui, ʻoiai, ka mea, ua lilo ka mea hoʻomaka i ka ʻai. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻai nā ʻehā manu o nā mea ʻala.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hihiu ke ʻai wale no ia, akā ke kino nō hoʻi i hoʻopā ʻia e ka decompos, ka wai ʻōpū me ka nui o ka acidity a me nā bacteria simbiotic e hōʻoluʻolu i nā toxins e pale iā lākou mai nā maʻi. Pahuʻi pinepine ʻia kēia mau manu i ka hoʻopunipuni, akā na kēia mau hoʻowahāwahā i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻano leʻaleʻa maikaʻi ʻole o ka mea pio. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine nā vultures i kā lākou plumage, ka ʻokoʻa ma hope o ka pāʻina ʻana, inu nui, a ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wā hiki ke hiki. No ka disinfection hou, hele pinepine nā manu i nā ʻauʻau ultraviolet: ma hope o ka noho ʻana i loko o nā kumulāʻau, wehe lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu a me ka hulu o ka hulu, e ʻae ana i nā hihi o ka lā e hoʻomāfana i ka plumage i ka ʻili maoli.

ʻO ka ʻōpū a ka ʻāpana ʻōiwi ʻAmelika (Torgos tracheliotus) i ka lā i ka lā.

Hōʻailona nā manu kulai, pua lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1-2 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻouluulu i nā ʻano o ke anuanu me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai. ʻO nā manu manuʻehā nā manu monogamous, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o ke kāne a me ka wahine. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻano hana, ʻo kahi kāne wale nō kā Catharta ke hana i ke ʻano “kanikani” - e hele wāwae ʻo ia a puni ka wahine, a i ʻole a ʻilima.

Hoʻomoʻa ka ʻauwa aliʻi i ka masonry.

Kūkulu nā ʻūhā i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe i hiki ʻole i nā poʻe wānana. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ma nā lāʻau a i nā pōhaku paha. ʻO ka nūnū kahi ʻōpala ʻo nā lālā nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mauʻu. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua he 1-3, nui lākou me nā wahi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻono.

Noho ka Incubation i nā lā 38-55, ʻelua mau mākua. ʻAno ke kāne a ka wahine i ka pīho honi Noho ka laka ma ke ʻano he 3 mau mahina i loko o ka moena;He lōʻihi ola ko nā ʻano manu; i ke ʻano a me ka pio, noho lākou a hiki i 55 makahiki.

ʻĀneki aila ākea Bengal (Gyps bengalensis) i loko o kahi pūnana i loaʻa ma ka ulu lāʻau ʻo Kemboʻa.

ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka fecundity haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā vultures. Ma ka wahi kūlohelohe, nui ka nui e pale iā lākou mai nā poʻe predator. ʻAʻole weliweli loa iā lākou, a me ka pōloli, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa ka a vulture a he mea maʻamau i ka pāʻina. Akā, ʻoiai kēia, ma Asia Hikina, a me Caucasus, ma Crimea, ua nalowale loa nā manu lele. ʻO ka emi ʻana o nā helu ma muli o ke kaʻi ʻana mai o nā wahi kūlohelohe a nā kānaka a me ka make ʻana o ka ʻai meaʻai. Ke nui ka nui o nā kahu hipa i loko o nā kuahiwi, a lilo nā holoholona ʻuʻuku o nā holoholona, a nalowale pū kekahi mau manu. ʻO ka mea e hoʻoweliweli loa ʻia ʻo Bengali, ʻo Cape vultures a me Kumai. Pono kēia mau manu i ka pale e like me nā palapala ota nui i ka kūlohelohe.

Kaulukui Royal.

Ma USA, e hoʻokauwā ka ʻōpio hihiu i nā kānaka, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka ʻike ʻana i nā leʻe gas i nā paipu kino. No ka hele ʻana o kēlā mau alanui nui mai nā noho ʻana, he mea paʻakikī loa kā lākou ʻike a me ke hoʻoponopono ʻana. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana a hoʻonui i ka palekana, e hoʻohui i ka nui o nā mea hoʻonā kino ʻole i ka pauka, e like me ka ʻala o ka pauku. ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe i ka maka, akā hiki ke ʻālohelohe nā mea kuʻu mai kahi mamao aku a hōʻiliʻili i nā wahi o ka pahu hau. Haalele ka hui kahi hoʻoponopono i nā wahi i lawe ʻia ai ia mau hipa.

Hoʻolohe aku i ka leo o ka ʻāʻī

Leo o ka ʻUle ʻAmelika ʻAmelika

Leo o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele

Poʻe ʻoliu ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole Uruba (Coragyps atratus).

ʻAla Pūnaewele (Gyps fulvus).

ʻO kahi pā i hui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻola ʻaʻai he nui i nā kupapaʻu o kahi elephant.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Grifov e hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona: he ʻāuna ʻao ʻono loa lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nā holoholona o kēia mau manu e haʻaheo i ka ʻike makamae.

ʻO ka ʻōpū a ka ʻāpana ʻōiwi ʻAmelika (Torgos tracheliotus) i ka lā i ka lā.

Hoʻomoʻa ka ʻauwa aliʻi i ka masonry.

ʻO didto ʻĀpana Kūʻai o Turkey.

Nā pēnē lima Bengal (Gyps bengalensis) i kahi pā.

Kaulukui Royal.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - nā manu lele, nā poʻe hulu manu o ka ʻohana hawk, aloha lākou i nā wahi me kahi mahana. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻohilahila ʻia me nā nīnika ʻAmelika, ʻoiai he like ʻole lākou, ʻaʻole lākou he ʻohana pili. No nā ʻanakiai ʻo Hawk e pili ana i nā ʻalalā, ʻoiai ʻo kahi wīwī ʻAmelika e pili kokoke i nā condors.

Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻehā he mea make me nā mea kupaianaha kūikawā. Ke nānā ʻoe i ke ʻā, ʻike koke ʻoe i kona ʻano makemake, naʻauao a me ka nānā ʻana. He ʻelima mau ʻano o ka ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa wale ma kahi o ko lākou wahi e noho ai, akā ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o waho, e hōʻike kāua i kekahi o lākou.

Wikiō: Vulture

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻāʻī o Bengal, heʻeleʻele ka plumage, aia hoʻi kekahi ʻeleʻele. Aia ma ka wahi o ka huelo a ma nā ʻēheu, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula. Hana ʻia ka ʻāʻī manu me kahi hulu manu i like me ka frill. ʻO nā wahi o kona waiho mau ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻo ia e like me Afghanistan, Vietnam a me India. ʻAʻole haʻalele ʻia kēia ʻōpala i nā kānaka a hiki ke noho kokoke i kā lākou mau wahi, e hoʻokuʻi ana i nā papu a me nā pae haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka ʻōpio ʻAmelika i kahi leo polumele ākea ākea, kahi i puka mai ai nā aniani brown brown. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka lei o ka mea e kau ai me kahi koloka keʻokeʻo; he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka manu. He mea maʻalahi ke kuhi ʻia nei he noho paʻa o kēia ʻōpio ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, kahi e makemake ai ia i nā puʻu a me nā ala, e noho ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.5 km.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻeke griffon, pālahalaha kona mau ʻēheu. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o nā hulu i ka brownish i nā wahi me kahi redhead. Noho nā ʻēheu no ka mea he ʻulaʻeleʻele kona. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāʻī i uhi ʻia me kahi kukui (kokoke i ke keʻokeʻo), e kū'ē ana i ke kua ke kumu o kahi beak ikaika i ʻike ʻia. Noho ia i nā kuahiwi o ʻEulopa hema, nā ʻanu ʻāina ʻAmelika, nā semi-des African. Hiki ke noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 3 km.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Cape Vulture he wahi hope loa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i noho ai ma ka ʻāina koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina ʻo Cape, ma ka hanohano o kona inoa. ʻO ke kaumaha loa ka manu, hiki i kona lehulehu ke hiki i 12 kg a i ʻole. ʻO ke ʻāʻī he kālā me ka umauma ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻēheu, nā ʻeleʻele o ia mau mea.

Hōʻalo ka hau (Himalayan) i ka holo ma luna o nā puʻu, no laila, noho ia ma nā kuahiwi o Tibet, nā Himalaya a me nā Pamirs, ʻaʻole hopohopo no kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 km. ʻO kona nui nui e kahaha wale nei. ʻO nā eheu o kēia ʻāʻī he 3 m lōʻihi.ʻI kahi ulana hulu e kuʻi ana ma ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻala, ʻoniʻoni ka ʻulaʻula, a ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i nā kua ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāleʻa ʻālea o ka nui a he ʻulaʻula i ka kala, hoʻokaʻā ʻia nā ʻēheu ma kahi pale polū pōkole, a māmā ke kapa "harem pants" ma nā wāwae. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hana make ʻana o ka manu, hiki ke loaʻa ma Pakistan a me India.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka Pūnaewele Ruffel ma muli o ka zoologist Eduard Ruppel. He liʻiliʻi a nui kēia manu a mālama ʻia no 5 kg. Mālama ke kukui i ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī, a ua ʻeleʻele nā ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu, ke kolo a me ka wahi a puni ʻo ka huelo he keʻokeʻo. Noho ka manu ma ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ʻeleʻele ma ka nui, a hiki i kona kino ke lōʻihi o 1,2 m, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu he 3 m. He ʻeleʻele loa ka nui o kēia ʻano ʻano manuahi ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele nā pākeke. He wā nui ka poʻo o ka manu, aia ka hulu manu ma kona ʻāʻī. Noho ka ʻōpio ma kēia ʻāina, a ma waena o nā manu a pau e noho nei ma Rūsia, ʻo ia ka ikaika loa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi ʻeuʻi

He mea kupaianaha ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻehā, ʻaʻole i puʻupuʻu ka maikaʻi o kā lākou plumage. ʻAʻole kulu nā poʻo a me ke kua, a ikaika ke kino a uhi ʻia me nā hulu ʻala. ʻIke ʻia ka nui o nā beak-hook nui o nā manu ma kahi mamao, a ʻo nā lehelehe nui i hoʻoweliweli e kū ana ma luna o kona mau wāwae. ʻOiai ke kupaianaha nei nā ʻōpū, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wāwae o ka mea hoʻopuka ke huki i kā lākou ʻai a e hoʻopili pololei ana mai ka lewa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ikaika nā manamana lima o ka manu. Pono ka beak nui e huki nui i nā ʻāpana o ka wā i kahi pāʻina.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke poʻo poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e ke ʻano no ka mālama pono ʻana. ʻO kahi lei o nā hulu, hana i ka ʻāʻī, hana i ka hana like. Aia i ka mea i ka wā o ka pāʻina, ʻaila cadaveric a me ke koko e kahe koke ana i lalo o ka ʻāʻī e paʻa ana, e hōʻea ana i ka puʻu protruding, kahi e waiho mau ana ka kino o ka manu. Pēlā, e maʻemaʻe loa.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: kahi kīʻaha nui o ka ʻōpū a me ka goiter e ʻae i nā ʻūkini e ʻai i nā anilima kilokilima o ke kaʻa i hoʻokahi papa.

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kala o nā ʻala i nā kukui a me ka hoihoi.

ʻO ka pena a me ka ʻikepili ʻē aʻe, ua like like ka wahine a me ke kāne, like like ko lākou nui. Akā e mau loa nā kala o nā ʻōpio ma nā ʻōpio. Nā ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano like ʻole ʻokoʻa. Hōʻea nā manu liʻiliʻi loa i ka lōʻihi o 85 cm a kaupaona ma kahi o ʻelima kileman, a ʻo nā manu nui loa he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mita a kaupaona 12 kg. Pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o ka ʻēheu o nā manu ma ke ʻano he nui a he ikaika loa, ʻo kā lākou huakaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke manu ponoʻī he ʻelua a mau hapa ka nui. Akā ʻo ka huʻu o ka ʻāʻī ua pōkole a iki paha.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻōpio?

Kuhi: holoholona holoholona

He manu thermophilic ka manu, no laila noho ia i nā ʻāina me kahi mahana wela. Hiki ke loaʻa ma luna o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, me keʻole ʻia o Antarctica a me Ausetalia. ʻO kahi kikoʻī o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻupena he ākea nui, e uhi ana i kēia mau wahi:

Hema ʻoʻEulopa (me nā Crimean Peninsula),
Waenaia a me Asia Hema
Kaukaole
ʻApelika (kokoke pau)
ʻAmelika Hema
ʻAmelika Hema (āpau).

Pono e helu ʻia ka nui loa o nā manu ʻehā o nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ʻApelika. Noho like kēlā me kēia ʻano nūhou i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, ma waena o kēia mau manu ua like ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole e noho ana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.

Aloha nā punahele i nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā wahi ākea mai luna, e maʻalahi ia ke ʻike i ka mea pio. Noho kēia poʻe manu manu i nā savannahs, semi-desurun, the desones, aloha mauna, kahi lākou e noho ai ma nā kuʻekuʻe pali. ʻAʻole manu lele nā manu i kahi manu ʻai manu (akahi wale nō i ʻike ʻia he ʻōpala turniki), noho lākou a noho lākou. I ka wā holo ʻana i nā huakaʻiʻai ʻole, hele mau ʻole nā palena o ko lākou wahi o ka manu, ka mea hiki ʻole ʻoe ke hana no ka ʻono ʻana i ka meaʻai.

Nui ka nui o nā vultures, a no laila hui ka ʻuʻuku iā lākou - nunui a lōʻihi loa. Ua hoʻolope lākou iā lākou ma nā wahi nāhelehele, ma ka wao iho.

kuahiwi kuahiwi,
nalo mai ka makani a ka ua ʻino.
nā pali hohonu loa ʻole ʻia
ulu lāʻau, ka ʻāina ulu ʻole.

Noho nō hoʻi nā ʻano manu ma nā pāpaho, ma nā ulu nahele, kokoke i nā kahawai. Noho kēia mau manu i mele mele ai a i ʻole nā kāne i hana i ke ola.

He aha kā ka ʻōpio mahi ʻai?

Kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO Griffon scavenger

ʻEhā ka hilahila he nui no ke kumu o kēia mau manu nui a me ka predatory e makemake ai i ke kālai. ʻO ka mea, ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpala, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia ke kālai manu, me ka ʻūʻū ʻia hoʻi. Ka nui o ka wai o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma nā ʻawaʻawa he mea maʻalahi ia i ka paʻi ʻana me nā huahana decompposation, ʻo ia hoʻi nā iwi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāʻī e ʻeli ʻia me nā pilikia ʻole.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kumu mua o nā huakini i loaʻa ma ka pūpū o ka ʻāʻī, hiki ke hōʻoki i nā mea ʻona ʻole, e hiki ai i nā holoholona ʻē ke make.

ʻO nā manu e hoʻolālā i kahi wā lōʻihi e nānā i ka mea make, no ka mea, he koʻikoʻi ko lākou mau maka. A ʻike ʻia, lele koke nā manu. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻona nā ʻai i ka ʻalē o nā ungulates, akā aia kekahi kaʻa ʻē aʻe ma kā lākou papa.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā ʻao he mau mea make.

ʻO nā ʻamekema a me nā lehelehe;
kao kāne a me nā hipa kāne
nā kālopa a me nā elepani,
nā nā ʻōpio (ʻo nā pēpē hou) a me nā iʻa,
mammalia makehewa,
nā anoisiki āpau
hua manu.

Hōʻalo ʻia nā manu e ka ʻimi hānai manu, ʻanā lākou a kali i ka ʻona o nā holoholona e ʻai i nā koena o ka mea ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe wahi e hoʻoluliluli i nā hōʻailona, a hiki iā lākou ke kali lōʻihi no ka make ʻana o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a laila e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻahaʻaina maoli.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole kuhi ka ʻōpio i kahi pōʻino e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi loa o ke ola. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e pau e hoʻopau i ka make. ʻO kāna mea kaua e manaʻolana ai, e hoʻohana ʻo ia ma ke akamai.

ʻAi nā manu i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa (a hiki i ka 10 manu), ʻaʻole lākou e kaomi i kā lākou mau puhaka i ka meaʻai a makehewa ke hiki ke ʻai i kahi anelope nui i 20 mau minuke. ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe ka ʻōpū iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu beak-hook i ka ʻōpū o ka mea ʻai a hoʻomaka i ka ʻai, ke kāpī pololei i kona poʻo i ka ʻi. Hāpai i nā ʻāpana, hoʻohemo ka manu iā lākou, ʻuwē iā lākou a ʻōʻī iā lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia ʻike, e hoʻokūkū i kekahi kiʻi makaʻu.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻehā e hoʻāʻo i ka mea ʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia no ka mea i makemake lākou i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kupapaʻu i make. Hoʻokomo kekahi i ka ʻiʻo a me ka hoʻowahāwahā, ʻo kekahi e makemake e ʻoliʻoli ma ka tendons, iwi a me ka cartilage, a me ka ʻili. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōleʻa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpio ke lanakila i nā ʻāpana ʻili o ka elepani, no laila ke kali nei lākou i nā hoahānau nui e ʻōlehu iā ia. I ka wā e nalowale ana ka meaʻai, hiki i nā ʻōʻele ke hele me ka ʻai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, e kaniʻuhū ʻia nā ʻūlio, e noho ana ma nā ʻāina like. E pīhoihoi ia, akā i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka waiwai o nā hakakā ma waena o nā manu, me ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻole ʻia, kī a me ka hakakā kekahi mau manu ma kēia mau manu. ʻO ke kaulike, ke ahonui, ka hoʻohālikelike - ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau manu. Hōʻike wale ʻia kēia mau ʻano āpau i nā hola o ka hoʻolālā, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻōpio i ka mea pio, e holo ana ke kiʻekiʻe.

He mea kupaianaha: lele maikaʻi aku ka lele ʻana, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ko lākou lele ākea he 65 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola, a me kahi neʻe kūpaʻa e hiki ke hoʻomohala a hiki i ka 120. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi e piʻi ai ka puaʻa nui loa. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi hanana ʻino no kekahi manu i ka wā i kū ai ʻo ia me kahi mokulele, a hemo aku ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka ʻumikūmākahi mau kiʻekiʻe.

He mea maikaʻi ʻole ke manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoluliluli ʻia ana, nānā wale ka ʻōpio. He naʻauao nui loa ʻo ia a nānā mau kona poʻe ʻohana, ke kahe ʻana i kahi kokoke i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi e holo ana i ka lepo. Ke ʻai ʻana, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke lele kahi manu, a laila e kāwili i kahi ʻāpana o ka mea ʻai. ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ʻaʻole nā mākaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā pualikola maikaʻi, akā he poʻe holo maikaʻi nō hoʻi, hiki ke pale maikaʻi a holo wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. Ma hope o kahi pāʻina maikaʻi, hoʻomaka nā vultures e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hulu, inu a ʻauʻau inā aia ka pā ma kahi kokoke. Makemake lākou i ka mahana i ka lā e pepehi i ka pōʻino kino i ka kino.

Ma ke ʻano maoli, he maluhia a maikaʻi hoʻi ka ʻōpio, i nā ʻuhane ikaika, ke ahonui a me ke ahonui e noho ai. ʻOiai ka nui o ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻole ia i ka mana e hakakā me nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i nā kaua. ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻia kēia hulu manu me ka kamaʻilio kamaʻilio, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kāʻili a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, me ka manawa kūikawā ʻole āu e lohe ʻole i nā kani mai ke ʻāʻī.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Whakaahua: Vub

ʻO nā manu ma nā manu monogamous e hana i kahi kuʻikahi ʻohana ikaika no ke ola. Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpio, he noho ʻo ia i ka noho kaʻawale. ʻO ka hapa pono ʻo ia ka mea pono i kēia mau hulu manu. ʻAʻole hānai nui nā manu, hānau paha kā lākou keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki a iʻole ke kau hoʻokahi o nā makahiki.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, hoʻomaka ke kāne i kāna pāʻani pāʻani, ka lawe pio ʻana i ka wahine o ka puʻuwai me nā ʻano he nui i hana ʻia ma ka lele.Uʻi ʻia e nā manaʻo, e waiho koke ka wahine i kāna mau hua, ʻoiai he maʻamau hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ʻelua - ʻelua. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo ʻōpala a keʻokeʻo paha a kālai ʻia paha me nā brown brown. ʻO ka pūnana, kahi ma ka pōhaku a i ʻole kekahi lāʻau lāʻau, i kūkulu ʻia i nā lālā ikaika, a ʻo kona lalo i uhi ʻia i nā moena moe laumaʻomaʻo.

Mea maoli ʻoiai: I ke kaʻina o ka hatching seed, e kū ana mai ka 47 a 57 lā, ua komo nā mākua ʻelua, me ke ʻano hou o kekahi. E noho ana kekahi ma luna o kā lākou mauʻano, aʻo kekahi e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai. ʻO kēlā me kēia manawa e loli ka kiaʻi, e nānā pono ʻia ka hua ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.

Holo ka uhi keʻokeʻo i ka pēpē hou, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e hoʻololi i ka beige kukui. Mālama nā mākua mālama i ke pēpē me nā meaʻai a ʻo ka belch. Holoʻe nā keiki a ka keiki pēpē i mau mahina ma ka pūnana, e hoʻomaka ana i kāna mau holo mua e kokoke kokoke i ʻehā mau makahiki. Hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki i kā lākou keiki.

Loaʻa i ke makahiki ʻeono mau makahiki e kūʻokoʻa ka ʻōpio ʻōpio, a lilo ia i moekolohe i ka makahiki 4 a 7 mau makahiki. He ola nui ka nui o ka ʻōpio; hiki i kēia mau manu ke ola i 55 makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Kiʻi ʻeuʻi

He mea like ʻole kēlā manu lele nui a nui a i ka manu, e like me ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻenemi, akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia. ʻOiai he nui nā vultures, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia kā lākou mau mana kiko. E makaʻala loa ka vulture a ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke hana ʻino i kekahi predator. He manu kēia ʻo manu, akā pono nō ʻo ia e pale iā ia iho a hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai.

ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi no ke kālai ʻana he mau hyena, nā ʻīlio a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻai. I ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōpio i nā manu nui, ke kōkua ia me kona mau ʻēheu, hana pono a kīkī, e kau ana i nā ʻēheu. Mahalo i kēlā mau maneuvers, loaʻa i ka mea i makemake ʻia e ka hulu pua a me ka lele a lele. I ka wā e hakakā ai me nā hyenas a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, ʻaʻole wale nā ʻēheu nui e hoʻohana ʻia, akā he ikaika ikaika, a ʻōpiu, a paʻa i nā lāʻau lāʻau.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻola like ʻole i kue ka kekahi a me ke komo ʻole i ka hakakā, kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke pana kekahi i kekahi mai ke kupapaʻu make me kahi ʻē e hopu i kahi ʻāpana.

Hiki i kekahi o nā ʻenemi o ke kuahiwi ke kapa ʻia i kekahi kanaka, ma o kāna hana hoʻomau, ke hoʻopiʻi nei i ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻae iā ia e hoʻohiolo ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina, ka luku ʻana i nā noho o kēia mau manu. Eia kekahi, hāʻule ka helu o ka ungulates, no laila e lilo ana i mea paʻakikī aʻike i kahi ʻōpio.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: holoholona holoholona

Ma nā wahi āpau, ua emi nui ka nui o ka poʻe o nā ʻōpio a kū i nā lā a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ke kumu kanaka kahi kumu nui i loko o kēia wīwī hoihoi. Ua hoʻololi ka poʻe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ka mea e hoʻolako ai i ka pipi momona, a ma mua o ka noho mau ʻana i nā kau ma kahi e hānai malū ai ʻo ia. Hāpai kēia mau hana i ka waihona ʻai manu o nā manu hopu. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, liʻiliʻi a emi iho nā ungulates hihiu, e hoʻopilikia pū i ka nui o nā ʻehā. ʻO kekahi, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole koi nui kēia manu.

ʻO nā wahi he nui i kahi o nā manu e noho ai i kēia manawa e noho nei i nā hale kanaka hou a i ʻoka ʻia no nā pono o ka mahiʻai. E hoʻāla kahi kanaka ma nā wahi a pau i nā ʻano e hele aku, a pili kēia i ko lākou helu. Pilikia ka ʻūhā o Aferika i ka hopu ʻana i nā poʻe maoli e hoʻohana iā lākou i ka wā e hana ai i nā hana kuʻuna o ka hana maikaʻi a Voodoo. Loaʻa pinepine nā manu ola, a laila kūʻai aku i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Make pinepine nā manu mai nā hakahaka uila, e noho ana i nā ʻāpana uila kiʻekiʻe.

Aia ma Africa, ua make ka nui o nā manu mai nā kahu hana o nā pesticides a me ka diclofenac, i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea maʻi holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i nā ungulates. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻōlelo āpau e noʻonoʻo nā kānaka i kā lākou mau hana, kahi e nui ai nā holoholona a me nā manu make.

Nā Mana Neck

ʻO nā ʻano manu he mau ʻāwili maʻamau. ʻAi lākou i ka kino o nā mommals, nui mau ungulates. ʻO ka nui o ka wai o ka gastric e ʻae ai ka manu i ka ʻili ʻana i nā iwi, a me nā microorganisms kūikawā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāwili e hōʻoli ai i ka ʻalā cadaveric.

I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, piʻi ka ʻogala i nā kiʻekiʻe mai ka 200 a 500 m. Eia kekahi, ke nānā pono nei ʻo ia i nā manu ʻula a me nā hyena, hiki nō iā ia ke hana koa.

ʻO kahi kino o kekahi holoholona make, ke ʻai ʻia e kahi haneli ma nā haneli he nui. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke hopu piha i ka lāʻau antelope i loko o 10 mau minuke. Hoʻokahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio a hiki i ka 1 kg o ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻōpala ke hū aku i ka ʻili mānoanoa, akā, ʻo ke ʻano o kona poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e hiki ai i ka manu ke hoʻopalulu i nā wahī o nā holoholona a me nā puʻupuʻu e pale ʻia.

ʻUlturelelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Gyps africanus)

He nui ka nui o ka manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu mai 55 a 64 cm paha, ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 218 cm. He 24 a 27 cm ka lōʻihi a ka ʻehā. He keʻokeʻo a ʻona paha ke kala he pololi, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻelemakule ma mua o nā ʻōpio. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī ke kīleʻa keʻokeʻo o lalo. He ikaika ka beak, lōʻihi. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ʻole me ka hulu, ʻeleʻele. ʻEʻeleʻele nā maka. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae.

Ke ʻano nui nei nā iwi ma Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, Southern Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, South Angola).

Noho ka manu ma savannas, ma nā pāpū a me nā kumu nahele sparse. ʻO nā mea loaʻa i nā wahi malshy, nā māla mauʻu, a me nā nahele i kokoke i nā muliwai. Noho ka ʻōpio ʻAmelika i nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai a i luna.

Ke manu nui nei nā manu ʻao ʻAmelika, a hiki ke hele wale ma hope o kā lākou pio.

ʻO Bihal Kaile (Gyps bengalensis)

He manu nunui me ka nui o ka kino e 75 i 90 cm. ʻO nā eheu o 200 a 220 cm.ʻO ka lehulehu o ka wāʻelemakule ma kahi ākea mai 3.5 a 7.5 kg.

I nā ʻōpiopio Bengal nui, heʻeleʻele ka plumage, ʻekeʻeleʻele, me nā pihi kālā ma kona mau ʻēheu. ʻAno ke poʻo a me ke ʻāʻī, aia i kekahi manawa me ka brown. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻili he “kolana” keʻokeʻo. Ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻili. Ke keʻokeʻo nei nā ʻēheu ma lalo nei, i ʻike ʻia i nā lele. Ikaika ka beak, pōkole, ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā pale, me nā puʻupe ikaika. Kāleʻele ka iris. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā poʻe'ōpio ma mua o nā pākeke.

ʻO ka noho o kēia mau ʻano ka poʻe India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Iran. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka manu ma ka hikina o Asia, ma Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand a me Vietnam. Noho kekahi ʻōleʻa Bengal ma nā pāpū a me nā haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā kuahiwi. Eia kekahi, noho pinepine ʻo ia i kahi kanaka, kokoke i nā kauhale e lilo i kāna kahua forage. Pahu ka manu i nā kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m ma luna o ke kai.

Kiʻi Ka Manaʻo (Gyps fulvus)

ʻO ka loa o ke kino mai 93 a 110 cm, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 270 cm. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi o ka manu i uhi ʻia me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻoi ka beak. He brown i ka plumage ma ke kino, ma ka ʻōpū o ka māmā, ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu, aneane ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻeleʻele nā iris, ʻeleʻele nā wāwae. He māmā nā ʻōpiopio, ʻulaʻula.

Noho ka ʻūlima ma ka'ākau hema o ʻEulopa, ma ka ʻākau a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAberika a me ʻAsia, kahi e noho ai ʻo ia i nā mauna a i ʻole i ka papa ʻaina a me nā ʻāina semi-wao me nā pōhaku. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia manu ma nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3000 m a i luna.

Hāloa a Himalayan Vulture (Gyps himalayensis)

He manu nui me ka paona ke kino he 8 a 12 kg, ka lōʻihi o 116 a 150 cm, a he mau ʻēheu a hiki i 310 cm. ʻO ke ʻano o ka plumage e like me kahi ʻalaʻula keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, akā i ka laulā nui ka ʻōmole ka manu, ʻaʻole kona "collar" i luna, akā he hulu. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻeleʻele hoʻi.

He mea maʻamau ka ʻano ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o nā Himalaya, ma Mongolia, Sayan, Tibet, ma Khubsugul, Pamir, Tien Shan, a me nā Dzungarian a me Zailiysky Alatau (ma nā kiʻekiʻe 2000 ka 5000 m). I ka hoʻoilo, lele i lalo i lalo.

ʻUlturelelo Indien (Gyps tenuirostris)

He manu lele nui, e like like me ka neʻe a me ka ʻōpio India. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino mai 80 a 95 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka plumage, he ʻeleʻele ke poʻo. ʻAʻole hulu ka lōʻihi o ka lei.

Loaʻa ʻia nā ʻano ma India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar a me Cambodia.

Neck propagation

Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻo Vultures i ka wīwī e pili ana i 6 mau makahiki. Mālama wale kēia mau manu, a ʻoluʻolu ke kāne i hoʻokahi wahine, a ʻo nā hoa ʻelua e hānai i nā moa.

Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu ma Ianuali a mau i ka Iulai. I kēia manawa, mālama ke kāne i ka wahine, mālama pono nui iā ia, hoʻokipa i nā hula lewa ma ka lepo a ma ka lewa. Hiki i ke kāne a me ka wahine ke holo ma hope o kekahi, a lawe i waho a wehewehe i nā kaʻe i ka wā e pae ai. Hoʻopau maoli ʻia nā manu i ia mau pāʻani i ka lā Malaki a me ʻApelila

No ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, koho nā ʻalemai i kahi wahi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mika mai ka lepo. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kēia kahi hollow a i ʻole i ka lāʻau hāʻule i hāʻule a i ʻole kahi puʻu maloʻo. Holo pū kekahi manu i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka nui o nā mea kanu, ma lalo o nā pōhaku nui a i ʻole ma ka lihi o ka pali. ʻAʻole hopohopo nā ʻano he nui e pili ana i ka pili ʻana i ka hale o kānaka, no ka laʻana, ma nā kahawai o nā hale a i ʻole nā hale mahiʻai.

ʻAʻole kūkulu nā kiki i nā nests iā lākou iho, akā e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i kahi kūpono kūpono no kēia mau hana, a laila e hoʻohana nā kāne i nā makahiki he nui.

I kahi pākeke, loaʻa i ka wahine ka 1 a 3 mau hua, ʻimi pinepine a ʻoi nā hua i nā hebedoma. E hānai nā mākua i nā keikikāne hou no 2-3 mau mahina, e lawe ana iā lākou i ka meaʻai ma kā lākou goiter nui.

I nā makahiki ʻelua o nā keiki, ua holo piha nā pōloli o ka ʻōpio.

Loaʻa ka ola ʻana o ka ʻōpio i kahi makahiki he 40 mau makahiki. I loko o ke pio ʻana, ua kākau ʻia nā hihia i ola ʻo ia manu ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka manu

Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o nā manu, i kēia lā e mālama ʻia ana kēia mau manu. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā manu e nā mea pakanā a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai e ka poʻe i ka mahiʻai. No laila, i nā ʻāina i noho ai nā vultures, ʻaʻole pāpā pinepine ʻia e hoʻohana, no ka laʻana, diclofenac i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohui wale ʻia ka hopu manu ʻana.
I nā hana kilokiloʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ka muti o ka uahi ʻana i ka ʻōpū mauʻu kulu ʻōpala e wānana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I ka manawa o ka Honua ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika Hema (2010), ua hoʻohana pinepine nā kānaka i kēia ala kahiko no ka wānana i nā hopena o ka hoʻokūkū a ua kokoke lākou i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻuʻulu.

ʻ .lelo Pūnaewele

Kiʻi: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika

No laila, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka helu ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻehā i nā wahi, ma nā wahi like ʻole o kā lākou noho. Hoʻohālikelike nui nā ʻōnaehana kaiapuni āpau i kekahi mau ʻano ʻano manuʻu, aia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kā lākou helu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo lākou iā Kumai, Bengal a me Cape vultures i kēlā mau ʻano.

Hoʻolaha ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka ʻāleu o ʻApelika i kekahi mau mea pau i ka hopena, ʻoiai ke ākea ana ka nui o kona heluna ma loko o ʻAmelika, akā he liʻiliʻi loa kona heluna. Ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina kahiki o ʻAmelika, i hoʻohemo ʻia ia ma kanaiwaʻumi mau pakeneka. Ua ʻike ʻo Ornithologists, ma hope o ke helu ʻana, aia ma kahi o 270,000 wale nō kēia mau manu i haʻalele.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ka helu o kona neʻe ʻana, akā i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana - griffon vulture Nele ʻo ia i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻule nā holoholona hihiu hihiu. Kīʻī ke kanaka i kēia ʻāʻī mai nā wahi maʻamau o kona hoʻoili mau ʻana, ka mea i hōʻemi loa i ka nui o nā manu. ʻOiai aia i kēia mau ʻino maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i kū pono kēia ʻeke ma waena o nā mea palupalu nui, ʻoiai inā ua pōkole ka wahi o kona noho ʻana, a ua emi pū ka helu.

ʻO kā mākou'āina, ka manaʻo o ka vulture griffon e noho nei ma ke kahua o Rūsia, he mea ʻinane loa, ua aneane hiki ʻole ke hālāwai. Ma kēia mea, ua kākau inoa ʻia ma ka Puke ʻ Booklelo Red o ka Russian Federation. ʻAʻoleʻike ʻoluʻolu loa ke kūlana me nā wī a puni ka honua, no laila e noʻonoʻo pono kekahi i nā hopena o kāna mau hana, a laila hoʻomau ʻia me lākou, e hōʻemi ana i nā mea pili ʻole iā ia wale nō, akā me ka holoholona a puni.

I ka hopena, makemake wau e nīnau i ka nīnau: ke manaʻo nei anei ʻoe e manaʻo i kahi ʻino a me ka ʻino i kēia manu hoihoi? Pūnaewele He ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, ma waena o kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka mālama mālama, ka hoʻokūkū, ʻano kūlohelohe a maikaʻi ʻole. Eia kekahi, mai poina ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka kalima, hana lākou i mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūlohelohe, kahi mea nui.

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