Ke waiho nei ka huaʻala ma kahi kīakou home a me kona lā kūpuna ma hope o ka manawa o Pleistocene. I kēia mau makahiki he 10,000 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ka yak ma ka pāpū ʻo Qinghai-Tibet, kahi e piʻi ana i kahi o 2.5 miliona km². ʻOiai ʻo Tibet ka mea i lilo i kikowaena o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka yak, nā ʻū kūʻāina i noho a noho i nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika.

Wikiō: Yak

Yak ka pilina i nā holoholona. Akā ʻoiai, ʻo ka loiloi DNA mitochondrial e hoʻoholo i ka mōʻaukala o ka mōʻaukala o ka yaks, ʻaʻole kūpono. He ʻokoʻa paha ka yak no nā pipi, aia kekahi mau manaʻo e like me ka bison ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kāna ʻano māhele.

He hoihoi kēia! ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻohana pili nona nā ʻano nui, ʻo Bos baikalensis, i ʻike ʻia i ke ala ala e hiki ai i nā kūpuna nā kūpuna o nā puʻukaua ʻAmelika ke komo i ʻAmelika.

Kuhi ʻia ka ʻū a nā kānaka kahiko o Qiang. ʻO nā palapala Kina mai nā wā kahiko (ka ʻewalu o ka makahiki SM) e hōʻike i ka hana lōʻihi o ka yak ma ka moʻomeheu a me ke ola o nā kānaka. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Linnaeus i nā holoholona hihiu i ka makahiki 1766 e like me ke ʻano o ka grunniens Bos ("subspecies of the domestic yak"), akā ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei pili wale ʻia kēia inoa i kahi ʻano domesticated, me Bos mutus ("pipi pipi") ka inoa maikaʻi loa no ka hihiu. ʻano.

Ke hoʻomau nei nā poʻe zoologist i nā kahelehe ʻawaʻā i kahi subspecies o ka grunniens mutus Bos, i ka makahiki 2003 ua hana ʻo ICZN i kahi kauoha alaloa e ʻae ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inoa Bos mutus no nā holoholona hihiu, a i kēia lā ua hoʻohana ʻoi ʻia ka hoʻohana maʻamau.

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia ka yak o nā kūloko (B. grunniens) - kahi pōpō lauoho lōʻihi loa i loaʻa i ka ʻāina ʻo Himalayan o ka ʻākoakoa o India, ma ka pāpū ʻo Tibetan a ma ka ʻUlopa Mongolia a me Rūsia - hele mai ia mai kahi anuʻu (B. mutus). Kēhē nā kūpuna o ka holoholona hihiu a me ka ʻūlima kikowaena i haʻalele a haʻalele iā Bos primigenius mai kahi i ʻelima miliona mau makahiki i hala.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: Animal Yak

Ua hana nui ʻia nā holoholona i nā holoholona me nā kino voluminous, nā wāwae ikaika, nā neʻe bifurcated hooneʻe a he hulu elongated ākea e kau ana ma lalo o ka ʻōpū. ʻOiai he pōʻeleʻele pinepine ka yaks aniani (ʻeleʻele i ka ʻulaʻula), hiki i nā ʻōlima home ke ʻano ʻē me nā kala, me nā pulu, ʻulaʻula a me ka poli. He pepeiao liʻiliʻi ko lākou a me ka lālani pepeiao me nā pepeiao ʻeleʻele.

I nā kāne (bipi), hoʻonui mai nā pū mai nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, a laila hina i mua, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 49 a 98 cm. ʻO nā pepeiaʻi o nā wahine he liʻiliʻi a he 27-63 cm, a ʻoi aku ka pololei. Loaʻa nā kāne ʻelua i ka ʻāʻī iki pōkole me nā puʻupuʻu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻohiwi, ʻoiai ʻo kēia ka mea e ʻike nui ʻia nā kāne. ʻO nā kaupa kāne kūloko ma waena o 350 a 585 kg. Kaumaha nā paona wahine - mai 225 a 255 kg. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā yaks, a ʻo nā bipi kau i hiki i 1000 kg, nā wahine - 350 kg.

Aia ma kahi o ka hua, ʻo ka ʻōpū kūloko kāne he 111-1 ka 13 cm ka nui ma ka malo, a ʻo nā wahine nui 105-111 cm ka nui o nā holoholona nui loa. He kiʻekiʻe ka pākeke o ka pākeke ma kahi o 1.6-2.2 m. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo a me ke kino mai 2.5 a 3.3 m, ʻaʻole e helu ana i ka huelo mai 60 a 100 cm. 30% liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne.

ʻO kahiʻoiaʻiʻo nani loa! Huhū nui nā kūloko a, like like me nā pipi, ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu i ke kani o ka hopena o ka mooing haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻokaumaha ʻia ka inoa ʻepekema o ka yak, ʻo grunniens (ʻoihana nui ka pipi). Ua kapa aku ʻo Nikolai Przhevalsky i ka ʻōnaehana o ka yak - B. mutus (kahe ʻū), me ka manaʻo ke kani ʻole nei.

ʻO nā kāne ʻelua i ʻaina hulu huluhulu me ka huluhulu huluhulu ma lalo o ka umauma, ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā pipi e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ke anuanu. Ma ke kauwela, hāʻule ka lalo o ke undercoat a hoʻohana ʻia e nā kamaʻāina kūloko no nā pono o ka home. I nā pīkī, hiki i ke kapa ke hoʻokō i kahi "lole" lōʻihi, ke hele aʻe i ka lepo.

He lōʻihi ka peʻa a like me ka huelo o kahi lio, ʻaʻole ka huelo o kahi bipi a bison paha. ʻO ka hānai o ka wahine a me ka ʻōpala o nā kāne he lauoho a liʻiliʻi paha, e pale iā lākou mai ke anuanu. ʻEhā nā ʻāpana a nā wahine.

ʻAuhea ke ola o ka yak?

Loaʻa ka Wild yaks ma ke kūkulu ʻākau Tibet + komohana ʻo Qinghai, me kekahi mau heluna e pālahalaha ana i nā wahi hema loa o Xinjiang a hiki i Ladakh ma India. Loaʻa nō hoʻi nā mea noho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka liʻiliʻi ma ka lōʻihi ma kahi mamao loa, ʻo ka mea nui ma Tibet + hikina Qinghai. I ka wā ma mua, ua noho nā ʻalāu holoholona ma Nepal a me Bhutan, akā i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia lākou e pau loa ma nā ʻāina ʻelua.

Noho ʻia ka wahi noho ma nā puʻu hala ʻole ma waena o 3000 a me 5500 m, kahi e kūiʻi ai nā kuahiwi a me nā pā papa. ʻO ka loaʻa pinepine lākou i ka alpine tundra me kahi kālele pōkole o ka mauʻu a me ka hamili, ʻaʻole i ka wahi i ʻoi loa.

Ka manaʻo maoli! Hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka holoholona i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau māmā a me ka puʻu ma mua o nā holoholona ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa i ke koko ka hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ka oxygen ma muli o kona ʻike nui o ka maʻi fetal (fetal) hemoglobin i ke ola holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka hōʻaloʻana, loaʻa nā pilikia i nā pilikia ma nā pae haʻahaʻa a pilikia lākou i ke kauwela ma luna o ka mahana ma luna o 15 ° C. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka anuanu o kahi o kahi - kahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka momona subcutaneous a me kahi aneane piha ʻole o nā ahe pulima.

Ma Lūkia, yaks, a me ka hoʻopili aku i nā zoo, aia wale nō nā hale i nā wahi like i like me Tuva (ma kahi ma kahi o 10,000 holoholona) + Altai a me Buryatia (ma nā kope hoʻokahi).

Ma kahi o Tibet, ua kaulana kekahi yak i ka home me nā mea koho:

• India
• Kina
• Tajikistan
• Bhutan
• Kazakhstan
• Afghanistan
• Iran
• Pakistan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Nepal
• ʻUsekistan
• Mongolia.

Ma lalo o USSR, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona kūloko o ka yak ma Kauka ʻAmelika Hikina, akā ʻaʻole i lawe i ke aʻa ma Armenia.

ʻO wai he yak?

Yak - e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā bipi, akā nui ka ʻokoʻa i ka helehelena. ʻO ka holoholona Tibetan he holoholona nui a lōʻihi ke kino lōʻihi a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. Hiki i kekahi kāne makua ke hele i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 4.25 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 mau mika a he paona a hiki i 1 ton. Aia kekahi puʻu liʻiliʻi loa i ka mae, mai ka nānā aku i hope. ʻO ka lōʻihi, ka lōʻihi o ka 95 a ka lōʻihi o ka pū i ka pepeiao, a me ka mamao ma waena o nā aniani o nā pepeiao e hiki i 90 centimeter. I ka maka, nā māka ke keʻokeʻo e hāʻawi i kēia holoholona i kahi hoʻonaninani kūikawā. I kekahi manawa no kēia hiʻohiʻona lākou e ʻōlelo nei kekahi holoholona e kāʻei i ka mask.

ʻO ka lauoho loloa e uhi ana i nā wāwae, ka umauma, ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao, i ka wā i kapa ʻia ʻo "skirt", a ʻo ia ka mea e moe ai i ka wā e moe ana, a i ka hoʻoilo ka mea e mālama ai i ka undercoat mai ke anuanu. Mahalo i kēia, hiki ke hoʻomoe ka ʻake a hoʻomaha i ka hau a ʻaʻole ʻike i ka anuanu. I ka yak, ʻo ka huelo hoʻi e pale ʻia i ka lauoho loloa a no laila e like me ka lio. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻoluʻolu a lākou kapa: mai ka ʻele i ka uliuli a i ka hina-brown.

He aha kahi meaʻai ma kahi kō?

ʻO ke kiʻi: Yak ma ke ʻano maoli

Noho ka ola yak i loko o ʻekolu mau wahi me nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole: alpine meadows, alpine steppe and one steppe. He nui nā wahi kaona i kēlā me kēia mea, akā, e like me nā ʻano o ka mauʻu / kahe, ka nui o nā mea kanu, ka nui o ka wai, a me ka ua.

ʻO kaʻai ʻana o nā iʻa ʻehā mau ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ka milo. Akā ʻai pū lākou i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi o ka moss a me nā lichens. Ke neʻe nei ka ruminants i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka papa haʻahaʻa no ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu holomua. Ma ke ʻano wela, hele aku lākou i ka uka kiʻekiʻe e ʻai i ka mosses a me nā lichens, a ʻoki lākou i nā pōhaku me nā alelo. Ke makemake lākou e inu i ka wai e ʻai ai lākou i ka hau.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona, ​​ʻonaneka ka ʻōpū o ka yaks, kahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka nui o ka meaʻai i maikaʻi ʻia i ka manawa a hoʻohuihue iā ia ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā meaʻai.

He hoihoi kēia! Hoʻopau ʻo Yaks i ka 1% o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ke kaumaha kino kino, ʻoiai e koi ana ka pipi i ka 3% e mālama i kā lākou hana.

Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo manaʻo kaulana, ʻoi ke yak a me kāna manure ka mea ʻono ʻole ka hona, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka wā e mālama pono ʻia ai i nā pā lāʻau a i loko o ka peni me ka loaʻa o ka lawa. Huʻi ʻoakū ʻo Yak i ka pale.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi ʻ .lelo: Yak Red Book

Hoʻolilo ka nui ma nā yaks i ka hapanui o ko lākou manawa i kekahi manawa, e neʻe ana i nā wahi like ʻole i kēlā me kēia manawa. He holoholona gregarious lākou. Hiki i nā pipi ke lilo i hoʻokahi haneli kanaka, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea he nui. Noho ka hapanui i nā holoholona mai 2 a 5 paha i hoʻokahi kanaka no nā holoholona kāne hoʻokahi a mai 8 a 25 mau kanaka i nā holoholona wahine. ʻO ka wahine a me nā kāne ka noho kaʻawale ma kahi o ka makahiki.

ʻO nā pā nui nā kaila wahine a me kā lākou ʻōpio. Uloʻi ka wahine i 100 m ma mua o nā kāne. Hiki i nā wahine me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ke koho i nā kīhāpai ma nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. E neʻe lūlū ana nā pūʻulu i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki i ka ʻiʻī nāu a lilo i ka ulu ka wā e pale ai lākou i ka ʻōpio a i ʻole i ka wā moe, hiki iā lākou ke pale i nā poʻe a hiki ke holo i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi inā hele mai lākou.

He hoihoi kēia! E like me ka hōʻike a N. M. Przhevalsky, ka mea nāna i wehewehe mua i ka wao kūlohelohe, i hoʻi i ka makahiki 19, ua nui nā bipi kauā me nā bipi liʻiliʻi he nui i helu ʻia a keu paha mau poʻo.

I nā makahiki 6-8, ua hiki ke loaʻa ʻo B. grunniens i wā ulu. Ka hapa nui, ʻaʻole lākou e pili i ke anuanu me ke aloha i ka mahana anu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi yak ma kahi o 25 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

ʻO ke kiʻi: Yak Cub

Nā hoa kīloi wildaks i ke kauwela, mai Iulai a Kepakemapa, ma muli o ke kaiāulu kūloko. Ma ka puna aʻe e hānau ai hoʻokahi bipi. Hola kēlā makahiki, holo ʻo nā bipi yaki i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā pōmaikaʻi e mamao loa mai nā ʻohana he nui, akā i ka manawa e hoʻokokoke ana ka manawa, e ulu a kūʻē lākou me kekahi me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lanakila.

Ma kahi o nā hōʻike hoʻomāino ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli, ka uwē ʻana a me ka ʻalolilo ʻana i ka lepo me nā pu, hoʻohiki pū kekahi mau pūpū me kēlā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kamaʻilio kino, kū pinepine i nā poʻo o lākou a i ʻole ka launa pū ʻana me nā pu. E like me ka bison, nā kāne wōwī i ka ʻāina maloʻo i ka wā o ka rut, ʻo ka pinepine me ka ʻā o ka urine a i ʻole nā ​​wai.

Hoʻokomo nā wahine i ka estrus a hiki i ʻehā mau makahiki i ka makahiki, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia lākou no kekahi mau hola i kēlā me kēia alapine. Hoʻomaka ka manawa gestation mai 257 a 270 mau lā, no laila keiki ka hānau keiki ma waena o Mei a me Iune. ʻIke ka wahine i kahi kahi i waiho ʻia ai no ka hānau keiki, akā hiki i ke pēpē ke hele ma kahi o ʻumi mau minuke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a hui hou nā kāne me ka bipi. Hoʻokomo pū nā wahine o nā ʻano a ʻoi a me ka home i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ma ka makahiki.

Hoʻopauhi ʻia nā bipi keiki ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ma hope koke iho o ko lākou kūʻokoʻa ʻana. He brown brown nā keiki ʻōpala, a ma hope wale aku ko lākou lauoho lauoho. Hānau ʻia nā wahine no ka manawa mua i ka hala o ʻekolu mau makahiki a ʻehā paha makahiki a hiki i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe pae ukiuki ma kahi o ʻeono makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā yaks

Kiʻi: holoholona ʻoak

He ahulau a maikaʻi loa ka yak, ʻano nānā, makaʻu a ʻimi ʻo ia e holo koke, ʻike ʻole i ka weliweli. E holo koke a ka artiodactyl i loko, akā inā i huhū a iʻa paha, a lilo ia i mea ʻino ʻole a kaua i ka mea hoʻopuka. Eia kekahi, lawe nā Yaks i nā hana ʻē aʻe e pale aku iā lākou iho: kahi kīwaha nui a me ke kaua ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli.

• Loaʻa Tibetan (Canis lupus),
• People (Homo Sapiens).

I ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ka wolf Tibetan ke kumu nui o ka wana no ka wili, akā ʻo nā wēlele a me nā leki melemele kekahi i manaʻo ʻia i nā mea weli ma kekahi mau wahi. Ua ʻimi lākou i nā ʻōpala ʻōpiopio a palupalu paha.

ʻO nā ʻōpio makua kīhāpai maikaʻi loa, ikaika a ikaika loa. Hiki i kahi ʻeke o nā ʻīlio ke kūʻē iā lākou wale nō i kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa, inā he nui ka nui o ka pāka a i ka hoʻoilo hohonu paha. Hiki i nā bipi Yaki ke kānalua e hōʻoki i kekahi mea e hahai ana, e komo pū me nā kānaka, ʻo ka nui inā lākou e hōʻeha. ʻO ka ʻaka huʻi nui e paʻa ana i kona poʻo, a ʻo kona puʻupuʻu lele i lele ʻia e ke sultan o ka lauoho.

ʻO kahi hoʻopiʻi o ka poʻe i aneane i pau i ka nalo hope ʻana o ka holoholona. Ma hope o 1900, ʻimi ka ʻohana nui o Tibetan a me nā pūʻali koa iā lākou me ka aneane a pau loa. Ua kokoke iki ka lehulehu ma ka ʻohu o ka luku a ʻo nā hana wale a nā mea kūlohelohe i hāʻawi i kahi i ka yaks no ka holomua hou.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kiʻi: ʻO Big Yak

Nui nā mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā grunniens wild. Kuhi ʻia ka heluna o kēia manawa ma kahi o ka 15,000. Ma muli o kā lākou mau hana ʻohiʻohi, ua lilo nā yaks i mea nui i ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea kanu i loko o ka mea kanu.

Me nā ʻalā ākea a me ka stamina, nā ʻāpana kūleʻa nui i hōʻoluʻolu nui no ka poʻe noho o ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe o Tibetan. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huluhulu ʻōpio o nā holoholona ʻōpio e hana i nā lole, a ʻo ka huluhulu lōʻihi o nā yaks kahiko ka mea i hana i nā pale, nā hale ʻalani, a me nā mea e loaʻa pinepine ana ka waiū Yak e hana i nā nui o ka pata a me nā mea e hoʻowalewale ʻia.

ʻO kahiʻoiaʻiʻo nani loa! Ma nā wahi kahi i hikiʻole ke hōʻili i nā wahie, hoʻohana ʻia ka manure e like me ka wahie.

Hana ka ʻōiwi maoli ʻo B. grunniens i nā hana waiwai like ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ke kau nei ʻo Kina i kahi hoʻopaʻi no ka huki ʻana i nā ʻuā hihiu, e mau nei ka hopu ʻana no lākou. Manaʻo ka nui o nā māla kūloko iā lākou wale nō ke kumu o ka ʻiʻo i nā mahina hoʻoilo paʻakikī.

Aia nā hopena maikaʻi loa mai nā kahu o artiodactyls. Ua luku ʻo nā ʻūhā i nā pā a i kekahi mau kūlana koʻikoʻi e hoʻomake i nā yaks domesticated. Eia kekahi, ma nā wahi i noho ai ka lūlū a me nā kaiāulu o nā yaks e noho kokoke ana, aia paha ke alualu i ka maʻi maʻi.

ʻOʻekaka Yak

Kiʻi: Yak mai ka Puke ʻaha

Ke hana nei ka Tibet Forest Bureau i nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale i nā yaks, a me nā kālā a hiki i ka $ 600. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī ke kāohi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka papa kelepa kelepona. ʻO kahi lā ʻoi no ka lāwā i kēia lā e mālama ʻia e IUCN. Ma mua, ua ʻāʻani ʻia ʻo ia i mea e hopohopo ʻia, akā i ka 1996 ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka holoholona i ka papa inoa e pili ana i ka helu helu o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā helu holoholona.

Ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka haakou e nā kumu he nui:

• ʻO ka hopu ʻana, e pili ana i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ia nō ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi nui loa,
• ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā kāne ma muli o ko lākou hele mau ka hele ʻana,
• ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā ʻohana kūloko. Hiki i kēia me ka hoʻoili ʻia o nā maʻi holoholona,
• ʻO nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa me nā kahu hipa e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ana no ka ʻaihue i nā kūpeʻe home e nā holoholona hihiu.

A hiki i ka makahiki 1970, ua hele ʻoi i ka ʻehā kūlohelohe. ʻO ka ʻimi nui ʻana i nā wī hihiu e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai i koi ai lākou iā lākou e haʻalele i ka pāpū a noho ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ma luna o 4,500 m a pololei i nā pihi o nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe he 6,000 m. Ua mau kekahi poʻe i loko o nā kuahiwi ʻo Kunlun Kina, a ma muli o nā hana pale o ke aupuni Kina. A kuhi hou nā holoholona hihiu i nā kiʻekiʻe mai 4,000 a i 4,500 mau mika.

Mahalo i nā manawa palekana yak hoʻomaka ke kūkulu hou i kona lehulehu. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua mālama ʻia nā kahelehele a me nā mea lahilahi o ka ulu ulu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hiki pono o ke komo ʻana i ka hapa nui o ka mokulele o ka kaʻa kaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻole, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ke ola ʻana o nā ihe ʻuʻuku.

Mālau

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona e hiki ai i 2 m, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 1000 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kāne ma kahi o 4.25 m, aia kahi 0.75 m ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā wahine, a hiki i ka 2.8 m ka lōʻihi, 1.6 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ke kaumaha o 325 a me 360 ​​kg.

Aia kekahi puʻu liʻiliʻi loa i ka malo nui o ka yak, ke kīwaha nei ke kua no laila.

ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine wahine nā pūlima, he lōʻihi lākou, ākea ka pā, me ke kakaka i luna a i luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao o ka yaks e pili ana iā 95 cm, ma waena o kā lākou aʻoʻana e pili ana i 90 cm.

Kūwau

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka yak e nā lauoho shaggy lōʻihi e kau ana mai ka halulu me ka uhi ʻana ma nā ʻāpana āpau, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia kēia kapa.ʻO ka palalā i hoʻonaninani ʻia i nā meaʻeleʻele a hina paha-ʻeleʻele i nā wahi āpau koe wale nō ka muzzle, he wahi ʻula. Mai ke anuanu, ua mālama ka holoholona i ka undercoat mānoʻomaʻo. ʻO ka huelo o ka yak ka lōʻihi o ke oho lauoho, e like me ka lauoho hulu.

Noho kahi e noho ai

ʻO Yaks ka mea maʻamau ma Tibet, ma Rū ma nā republics o Tuva, Buryatia a me Altai (hoʻokahi kanaka hoʻokahi), a me nā ʻāina ʻē e like me India, China, Tajikistan, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Nepal a me Mongolia. Mai ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā aʻa hihiu, i ka manawa like i hōʻike ʻia ai lākou i nā ʻāina he nui kahi a lākou i kolo ai, a pēlā hoʻi i hoʻonui ʻia aʻe ko lākou wahi noho.

Nā momo Yak

Ma mua, ua komo nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā yaks a pau i nā ʻano puʻupuʻu ʻo Bos a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana he ʻelua i loko o ia wahi: kahi ʻuʻāuʻa (B. g. Mutus) a me kahi uakoko kūʻai (B. g. Grunniens). Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau subspecies he mau iwi kūʻokoʻa.

Noi loa ua ʻike ʻia ka Wild yaks i ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi, aia nā loiloi iā lākou i ka moʻolelo o Tibet, kahi i wehewehe ʻia ai ka holoholona he mea pōʻino no nā kānaka. Ma Tibetan, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻuʻā wahie. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke kū i nā wahi a nā poʻe a lākou i haku ai, a no kēia kumu ua make ka make, i kēia lā ua liʻiliʻi kekahi hapa o ka heluna i nā kiʻekiʻe Tibetan, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe mai 4300 a 4600 mau mika ma luna o ke kai, a i ke kauwela ua piʻi nui lākou. He mea maʻamau nā Wild yaks ma ka Tibet Plateau a me nā wahi mauna e like me Karakorum a me Ladak. Hoʻokumu nā wild yaks i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 10-12 mau kanaka, ke noho nei nā kāne ʻelima i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Wākai o ka makahiki mua millennium SM, nohoi nā holoholona hihiu e nā kānaka. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka yak a home ma ke ʻano maoli, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau specimens a loaʻa ʻole i nā pū. He ʻano ʻokoʻa loa lākou i ka kala kala, a ʻehaʻeha mai i nā maʻi he nui ʻole o ka pili ʻana o ko lākou poʻe hoahānau hihiu. ʻO nā home yaks ua kī ʻia e nā kānaka o Tibet, Dzungaria, Pamir a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Tengah, Mongolia, Tuva, Buryatia a me Altai, nā Caucasus, Azerbaijan, ka mauna Iran, Dagestan, China, nā Pamirs a me Tien Shan. Ma nā kuahiwi, lilo kēia holoholona i mea nui loa e like me nā ʻano he pack. Eia kekahi, he kumu ia o ka waiū maikaʻi a me ka nui o nā huahana dairy (butter, chhurpi), ka pipi a me ka huluhulu. Me kēia mau mea, he manuʻai a hānai ʻole ka holoholona.

I ka hānai me nā bipi, hānau nā ʻūlū home i hua, kahi a lākou i kapa ai ʻo Hainaks, lilo nā holoholona i lilo i mau holoholona maikaʻi. Ke uhaʻi nei lākou i ka hema o Siberia a ma Mongolia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou hoʻomanawanui ma mua o ka yak, akā heʻuʻuku lākou ma ke ʻano he kūlana haʻahaʻa a maluhia hoʻi. I Bhutan, hui pū kekahi me nā guayals.

ʻAno lawehala

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola i nā yaks i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a i ʻole hana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e koho i ko lākou wahi e noho ai i nā kiʻekiʻe o kahi 6,000 mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpū he wahine a me nā ʻōpio. Hiki i ka ʻeleʻele wale nō ke kau ʻana i ka pā kauā. Noho hoʻokahi nā kāne ʻelima i ka manawa like. Hoʻopili loa ʻo Yaks i nā pōʻino o ke kaiāulu i ke kuahiwi (hapa o ka meaʻai, ka nele o ka oxygen a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o 0 0 C, a i ka hoʻoilo he hiki nō iā ia hoʻi -50 ° C). He nui nā pūpū a me ka puʻuwai kēia holoholona, ​​kahi ʻōpala mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous a ʻaʻohe huluhulu pelu. Hāpai ke koko i ka nui o ka oxygen, no ka mea mālama i ka hemoglobin fetal i loko o kona ola. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohuli o kēia physiology kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi no ka ola ma nā pae haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 15 ° C.

ʻO ka ʻatikala i manaʻo ʻia i loko o nā yaks ka mea ʻona; ʻike ʻia ka ʻike a me ka pepeiao i kēia mau holoholona.

Hōʻalua makahiki

Hoʻomau ka wā e noho mai ana ma ka yak mai Kepakemaka a ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, hele mai nā kāne i nā bipi wahine. Ma waena o lākou he hakakā maoli, hakakā nui a me ke kūwaho. Ua kūiʻe nā mea kūʻē i kēlā me kēia i nā pepeiaohao a hoʻopaʻa i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke make. I ka wā moe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe pinepine i ke kāhea ʻana o ka yak, ʻoiai ʻo ke koena o ka manawa kāne ke noho mālie.

Kahawai

Hoʻomau ka ʻōpū i 9 mau mahina, ma hope o ka manawa, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub i nā wahine. Hoʻokumu ka bipi keiki i ka makahiki mua o ke ola ma hope o kona makuahine, ka mea e hānai iā ia me ka waiū. Puberty i ka makahiki o 6-8 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola ola o nā yaks ma ke ʻano he ʻumi mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka yak

Yak a ʻelemakule - paʻa maikaʻi, ikaika a ikaika loa. ʻO nā pūʻulu nui o nā ʻīlio hihiu e hoʻoholo e hoʻouka i kēia artiodactyl wale nō i ke alo o ka uhi uhi nui. Akā keʻano ikaika loa nā yaks a hōʻawalu pinepine i nā kānaka, ʻoi aku inā hōʻeha lākou. I ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua, mālama ka yak i kona poʻo a me ka lāʻī kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i kahi yak

• ʻO Yaks, e like me nā bipi lehulehu ʻē aʻe, no nā holoholona wikiwiki. Hoʻopau kēia ma muli o ka hopu manu ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i kēia ʻano kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho nā wīi hihiu i nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā kānaka, e hōʻemi pono ana i ko lākou noho.

He aha nā yaks?

Ua wehe ʻia ka Yaks i loko o ka ʻāina a me ka hihiu. ʻOi aku ka mea i kapa ʻia he "pipi", a i loko o ka hale - "grunting." Ma muli o ke kamaʻilio a ʻōwau hiki ʻole ke kani i kahi leo e like me ka huki ʻana o ka puaʻa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā yaks home. Ke hoʻohana nei nā kānaka i nā holoholona no ʻekolu mau makahiki i loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo, ka huluhulu, ka waiū. ʻO ka momona kā lākou momona a me ka momona, no laila hana lākou i ka pēhi, nā aila ʻono, ʻoi.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka yaks e hoʻohana i nā holoholona i ʻohi a i ʻole lākou e mahi i ka ʻāina no nā huaʻai. ʻO ke ola nui loa nā Yaks, a i ka hana mahiʻai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi hou i kahi kākela liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻopili loa kahi holoholona manuahi i ka poʻe. Hāʻawi ka ʻoki iā ʻoe e hoʻokau iā ʻoe iho ma hope o ke apo i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka ihu.

Mālama loa nā kūloko i kā lākou yaks, ʻoiai lākou hoʻohana pinepine iā lākou no ka hana paʻakikī. Akā i ka manawa like a hoʻonani ʻia lākou me lākou iho a me nā ʻulima mai nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā kiʻi nani a me nā pompons ke kau aku iā lākou.

He hoa aloha maoli ʻo Horse yak i ka Tibet. ʻO kahi kāne e hoʻāla pono ʻole e noho hou ma luna o kahi yak i kahi manawa hoʻokahi, e alakaʻi ʻo ia iā ia i ka manawa.

Hōʻalo ʻia ʻo Grunting yaks me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe mai ke ʻano o nā bipi. Hiki i nā wahine ke hānau i nā keiki, akā ʻo nā kāne ʻo Hainaki nā mākeke no kekahi kumu. ʻO Dz или a i ʻole haynaka kāne, he holoholona maʻamau ma Tibet, loaʻa iā lākou ka yak stamina a hiki ke noho i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Ua piʻi ʻoi aku ka Wild Tibetan yak ma kahi i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi hoʻi wahi ʻole e haku ʻia e ke kanaka. I kekahi manawa ke ala lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 6 tausani mau mika ma mua o ke kai. Ua kapa aku ka poʻe Tibet iā Drong. Pōʻino kēia mau mea waiwai i nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka manawa o ka pōʻino. Ua holo ka holoholona i ka mea lawehala a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau iā ia. ʻO ke kāne huhū he formidable, ikaika, ikaika a paʻa i nā pū me nā mea ikaika a lōʻihi a me nā hoove.

ʻO kahi paʻi kūpono o ka ʻono e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻike i ka ʻenemi mai kahi mamao loa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana i nā kino o ka lohe a me ka ʻike. I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, e like me kēia mau ʻano mammalian, kū nā Tibetan yaks i loko a liʻi a pale i nā pēpē a me nā poʻe nāwaliwali i loko.

Loaʻa nā pua o nā yaks i nā pahuhopu he 10-12. A laila, e like me ka wā o Przewalski i hōʻea i mau haneli, a i ʻole nā ​​tausani. No laila, ua kākau ʻia i nā yaks hihiu i ka Red Red Book.

Ma kēia holoholona he holoholona liʻiliʻi loa kēia, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma Tibet a me nā Himalaya: ma China a me Nepal.

ʻAuhea ke noho a yaks?

ʻO ka ʻāina o ka Yaks o Tibet, kahi i noho ai lākou he ʻumi tausani mau makahiki. ʻO Tibet kahi wahi kupaianaha i kapa ʻia ʻo "Roof of the World." A ʻoiai ʻo nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a me nā loko kūpono e ʻike ʻia i ko lākou nani, paʻakikī ke neʻe a puni ʻoi ʻia ma muli o ke au i hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a ʻoi aku hoʻi e halihali i kekahi ʻano kaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā hale ʻoihana, kahi maʻamau no kahi māka, no laila ke hana ka poʻe e noho ana ma Tabet i ka ʻekepili maoli no ke kumu o ka halihali i ka waiwai.

Hoʻohana kūpono ʻo Yaks i ke ola ma nā kuahiwi, pono lākou i ka meaʻai a mālama pono i ke anuanu. ʻAʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka yak e ka ea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe a kaomi ʻana i kahi ukana a hiki i 150 kilokamo ma ke ala kuahiwi, kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻopuʻi a ʻelua kanaka. A i kēia lā, e like me ka wā kahiko, ʻo Tibetan mau i lawe a lawe i nā ukana i ka nui i waho.

Ma nā kuahiwi o Mongolia, mālama ʻia nā yaks i nā ʻohana āpau, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā wahi makemake o kēlā. A ʻoiai he nui kēia mau kaʻa a me nā kaʻa kaʻa, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā yaks mai nā hōʻike. Ke lawe ʻia nei nā kalaiwa a pau ma nā yaks, a i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki a i kēlā me kēia wā, ʻaʻole ke kaʻa a ʻaʻole e maʻa i nā wahi a pau.

ʻO kekahi o ka loina o ka ʻū ma nā kauā mauna he pahu wai. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā kauhale ma luna o nā muliwai a no laila e lawe ʻia ka wai i nā wahi he mau haneli, a keu aʻe hoʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau ka wai ʻole o ka wai, a me nā alanui, a me nā yaks a me nā hainaks e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i kēia. Ua aʻo ʻo Hainaki e halihali i ka hana wai i ka makahiki āpau ma ka huakaʻi: kau - muliwai, kauā - kauhale. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hoʻokuke ʻia, ʻike lākou i ke ala. ʻO Yak ka mea lawe wai wai no ka ʻohana hoʻokahi. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hele i kāna ala e hoʻouna pinepine ai ʻo ia i ka muliwai, nā poʻe e hoʻopiha ana i kāna mau pīpī i ka wai a laila hele akula ʻo ia i ke kauhale iā ia iho.

Ma nā kauhale he nui i Tibet, inā makemake lākou e hele i kahi a i ʻole hoʻouna i kā lākou poʻe keiki e kipa aku, kāhea lākou i ka ʻihi hoʻokele, ʻaʻohe kaʻa wale nō, a ʻo ke ʻano o nā kaʻa i hana ʻia e yaks.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, e neʻe nei nā haneli Hainak ma ke alahele, e lawe ana i nā waiwai o nā pastoralist e hele wāwae ana i nā hana ʻai kauwela. He mau poʻe ka poʻe pastoralists a lawe ʻia e lawe i ko lākou mau waiwai a pau me lākou, ʻo ia ka mea e halihali ma nā ʻehā. ʻO ka pinepine o kēia kaile ʻenehana i kahi haneli a ʻoi aku paha nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kālani.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻohana nomo o Tibet ke hana me ka ʻole yaks, lawe lākou i nā waiwai a pau a me nā keiki.

ʻO ka hana kahiko ʻo Tibetila e hoʻouna aku i kahi wahine i mare i kekahi yak i kēia manawa. ʻO ka yak he ʻano pālule wahine a ke kaikamahine.

Ua kūpono ʻo Yaks i ka hōʻailona kūpono o ka Himalaya. Ma Nepal, ka aina kaulana loa o ka poʻe piʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e hele ai i nā mauna ʻoi loa me ka ʻole o ka yaks. Aia ma luna o nā yaks nā mea āpau o nā piʻi piʻi e piʻi ma Everest, nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi ʻia. ʻO Yaks wale nō nā holoholona e hiki ai ke hoʻopakele i nā pahu ma kahi hoʻomoana i Everest, i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5400 mau mika.

Kālaha ʻia nā holoholona yaks i Asia a me North Caucasus. Ua nānā ʻia aia hiki i ka yaks ke wānana kūpono i ka ʻōlaʻi a me ka loli. Hōʻole lākou i ka ʻai e pili ana i kekahi mau hola ma mua o ke ōlaʻi a hoʻomaka e hopohopo.

ʻO Yaks ma Rusia

Ma Lūkia, aia nō kahi yaks. ʻO lākou nei i Altai, ma Buryatia a me Tuva. Ma Altai, kahi ʻōkohu e kapa ʻia ʻo sarlyk, mai ka ʻōlelo mongalua ʻia ʻo "sarlag." Ua lawe ʻia lākou i Altai, Buryatia a me Tuva no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mahiai. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Yaks i ka mahiʻai i nā kuahiwi. Lawe lākou i ka waiū a me ka huluhulu mai lākou, lawe i nā waiwai ma luna, a me kā lākou kōkua i ka māla ʻana i ka ʻāina.

Nā Yaks Pelekane

I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana nā yaks no ka hana wale nō, akā maʻamau no ka ʻoliʻoli. ʻOiai ke pīhoihoi i waho, hiki ke holo nui i ka ʻaka a ma Mongolia ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i nā yaks no nā ʻano haʻuki. ʻO ka poʻe kaulana loa he liki yak i makemake ʻia nā mea āpau a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi makana i mea kūʻai ʻia no ka mea lanakila.

Ma nā yaks a me kekahi mea e like me ka rodeo ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia. Kūpono nā hanana hanana i ka nui o nā mea nānā. Hele mai nā ʻolua mai nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo nā kahu pipi mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻO ka pīhoihoi ka maʻamau ma Tibet - yak polo, kahi e pāʻani ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hockey kula e holo ana ma luna o yaks, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Sarlagan polo.

Kahele

Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā yaks, ma kahi o nā zoos, i ka mahiʻai o nā republics o Tuva (ma kahi o 10 tausani mau holoholona i ka makahiki 2012), ʻo Buryatia a me Altai (hoʻokahi kanaka), ke kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai Kuban, a me Ullu-Yezen (ma kahi o 1 tausani poʻe). Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aʻe ma Tibet, ua kaulana ia me nā mea koho ma nā wahi kuahiwi o nā ʻĀina ʻĀina, Kina, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Nepal a me Mongolia. I ka Soviet Union, ua lawe ʻia kahi home yak i North Caucasus, kūikawā ʻo Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Dagestan, Chechen-Ingushetia a me North Ossetia. ʻAʻole lawe ʻia nā hopena i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka yak ma Armenia.

Kāleka

ʻO ka holoholona ka holoholona nui me ke kino lōʻihi, nā wāwae pōkole, pālahalaha, ʻūhā e paʻa ana a me ke poʻo kaumaha. Ke kiʻekiʻe i ka maloʻo a hiki i ka 2 m, ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1000 kg. ʻO ke kino o ka kāne ʻelemakule a hiki i 4.25 m, kahi o 0.75 m e hāʻule i ka huelo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wahine a hiki i ka 2.8 m, ke kiʻekiʻe 1,6 m, ke kiʻekiʻe 325-360 kg.

I nā maloʻo o ka yak aia kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi, e ʻalo i ka kua i hope. He lōʻihi nā ʻēheu o nā kāne a ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole ka mānoanoa, pālahalaha nui, kuhikuhi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao mai ke kumu, a laila e kulou i luna a piʻi i luna, ʻo kā lākou lōʻihi a hiki i 95 cm, a ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā kihi he 90 cm.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka yak e nā hulu shaggy lōʻihi, e kā ana ana mai ka ʻumi a ke paʻa loa nei kona mau wāwae. ʻEleʻele ʻia a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka ʻeleʻele ma nā wahi a pau, koe wale nō ka muzzle, kahi ʻike nui nā hōʻailona keʻokeʻo. Mai ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka yak e kahi pālahalaha i hāʻule nui ʻia, ka mea i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela e hāʻule ai i nā māla nui. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hulu Yak e Tibetans, a i nā holoholona i kiʻi pinepine ʻia i ka harness i hoʻopiha ʻia mai ko lākou lauoho. Inā he polō ka lole a ma luna o ka hapa nui o ke kino, a laila ma nā wāwae, nā ʻaoʻao a me ke ʻōpū e lōʻihi a pōkole paha, e ʻano ana i ke ʻano o ka "skirt" hoʻomau, kokoke i ka ʻāina. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ka huelo i nā lauoho ulaula a like like me kahi lio. Wild (mutus - "kūmuku") a me ka home (mau pupuwai - grunting) ʻū.

Yaki i ka liʻu

E like me ka huli ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā yaks i aʻo ʻia i loko o nā alapine o nā ʻāina he nui. I loko o ke kīʻaha, lele lākou i luna o nā alahele a puhi ʻia nā hoki, e hana i nā kauoha like ʻole, hōʻike pinepine i ka hana lawenaʻa.

ʻO Yaks i ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui Tibet

Loaʻa nā ʻehā i ka noʻonoʻo nui i ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui Tibet. Aia nā kiʻi o nā yaks i nā kiʻi pena he nui. ʻO ka Luku Uha kahi o nā kumumanaʻo a me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻia e ka mea kaulana kaulana ʻo Wang Yi Guang.

Mai ka wā kahiko, ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā yake Tibetan i nā miniatur e haʻi ana i ka hana paʻakikī o ka mahiʻai a me ke kōkua ʻana o kēia holoholona i ka mahiʻai. I kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻia nā yaks ma nā pou postage. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi pūʻulu komohana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kēia holoholona i Kyrgyzstan.

A me nā makana nani e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lawe mai kahi huakaʻi i Tibet! ʻO Yak figurines, nā huahana wili i kāwili ʻia, nā meaʻai meaʻai, nā kaula-yak-aho. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lauoho Yak, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka huluhulu ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i ka wai, palalulu nā huahana, palma, a me ke kukui. He mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī o Woolen: ʻaʻole loa lākou e hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi pā, ʻaʻole he "spools" i ka wā a pau a holoi ʻia, a hōʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

ʻO Yaks nō nā holoholona kaulana loa ma Tibet. ʻOiai me nā ala o kēia kahe e like me nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa a me nā ATV, nā hau hau, nā ʻūkū e hoʻohana ʻia me nā holoholona e holo ana. Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona iā lākou no nā hālāwai kiʻi kiʻi.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻāpana wale nō kēia o nā ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona nani. Akā e hauʻoli mākou inā makemake mākou i kā mākou moʻolelo e makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka Tibetan yak a me kona wahi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kipa aku i kēia mau wahi a kamaʻilio maoli me kahi ʻelenike makamae o ka honua holoholona o Tibet.

Kahi helu

Ma mua, ua hoʻohui nā mea noiʻi i nā yaks a pau i hoʻokahi ʻano. Nā ʻōkēlū kāne me nā subspecies ʻelua - Wild Yak B. g. mutus (Przewalski, 1883) a me Home Yak B. g. mau pupuwai (Linnaeus, 1766). I kēia manawa, manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kākau mea ʻona a lūlū ia e like me nā ʻano like ʻole - Būle hamō a Nā ʻōkēlū kāne ia wa.

ʻŪka ʻaka

Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻiʻuku puaʻa i loko o ka papa ʻo Tibetan ma ke ʻano he makana nui na ke kanaka. I Tibetan, ka ʻuʻā kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole e like me ka home ka mea i kapa ʻia ka drong.

ʻAʻole hiki ke kū i nā ʻuʻā i nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā kānaka, a no laila, make koke lākou - ke ola nei lākou i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Tibet ma nā kiʻekiʻe 4300-4600 m ma luna o ke kai. m. i ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ka 6100 m ma luna o ke kai. m i ke kauwela.

Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka yak i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe. He nui nā māpē a me ka puʻuwai e hoʻohālikelike i nā bipi haʻahaʻa.Hiki i ke koko ʻo Yak ke lawe i ka oxygen hou ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o kahi nui o ka hemoglobin fetal i loko o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao palupalu i ka ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā ʻahaʻaina haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka wela ma mua o 15 ° C I waena o nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo ka layer o ka subcutaneous o ka momona a me ka aneane piha loa o nā pulu ʻeha.

Loaʻa ʻia ma ka Plateau Tibet a me nā wahi pihi mauna kokoke (Karakorum, Ladak). Noho lākou i nā ʻohana o nā poʻo he nui a i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 10-12 mau poʻo, nā mele ʻelemakule. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo N. M. Przhevalsky, ka mea nāna i wehewehe mua i ka anuak uka, hōʻike nō i ka makahiki 19th. ʻo nā bipi kaui ʻōpala me nā bipi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā haneli, a he mau tausani nō hoʻi o nā poʻo. I nā makahiki 6-8 he hiki lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi, ke ola nei ke ola ma kahi o 25 mau makahiki.

Hele ʻo Yak i Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, hui pū nā kau i nā hui o nā bipi. ʻO nā hakakā pōkole e hana ma waena o nā bipi, ʻaʻole e like me nā kaua kūleʻa o ka hapa nui o nā bovids. ʻO ke kūleʻa i ka wā hakakā e hoʻokau i kēlā me kēia i kekahi pu me ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hopena ʻeha o kēia mau kaua, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hōʻeha, i kekahi manawa koʻikoʻi loa. I ka wā o ka rutting, ua lohe ʻia ke kū o ke noi, i ka manawa ʻē i noho mālie loa ia. Yak calving i hana i ka mahina o Iune, ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana he ʻeiwa a ʻeiwa. ʻAʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keiki bipi mai kona makuahine no hoʻokahi makahiki a hoʻokahi makahiki.

ʻO nā mākekeʻohana kūʻokoʻa i paʻa kaua, ikaika a ikaika loa. Ua hoʻoholo nā wolves e hōʻoki iā lākou i nā hihia kūikawā wale nō me ka ʻohana nui a i ka hoʻoilo hohonu. Ma ka huli ʻana, ʻo nā bipi yaki, me ka kānalua ʻole, e hōʻeha i ke kanaka e alualu ana iā lākou, ʻoiai inā he ʻehā nā kau i nāaki. ʻO ka ʻaka lele kuʻi nei i paʻa i kona poʻo a me ka lālani kiʻekiʻe me kahi lele o ka lauoho lele.

I nā kūlohelohe i ka yak, ua ulu nui ke ʻano o ka ʻoni. He nāwaliwali loa ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe.

ʻOkē home

ʻOiai i ka wā heʻumi, i ka mileniuma BC. e., as domesticated by kanaka. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā yaks home a me ka phlegmatic ma mua o nā mea hihiu, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻē ʻole i waena o lākou, ua ʻoliʻoli nui ko lākou kala, ʻoiai, ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā maʻi. Hoʻohana lākou i ka yak ma Tibet, Dzungaria, Pamir a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Huipuia, ma Mongolia, Tuva, Buryatia a me Altai (ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻalā purebred, akā ʻo Hainaki - kahi alaka ma waena o kahi yak a me ka bipi), ka Caucasus, Azerbaijan, mauna Iran, Dagestan, China, Pamir lāuaʻo Tien Shan. ʻO Yak kahi holoholona holoholona hakina nui loa i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ia i nā waiū maikaʻi a me nā huahana waiwai (e.g. pata, tīhi), ʻiʻo a me ka huluhulu me ka pono ʻole o ka mālama ʻana.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ua hōʻike ka Brockhaus a me Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary:

Hōʻalo ʻia nā ʻōlima home hame me nā bipi, a ua loaʻa iā Hainaki (Mong. Hainag, Tib. Dzo) i mea hoʻonaninani. Ke pohō nei lākou ma ka hema o Siberia a ma Mongolia, ʻike ʻia e ka ahonui nui ʻana, akā hoʻi me ko lākou nui a me nā mea akahai.