ʻO ka holoholona liʻiliʻi loa o nā holoholona llama i manaʻo ʻia he vicuna. No nā ʻohana Camelidae kekahi o nā ʻohana Camelidae a ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻAmelika Hema. He mau ʻāʻī nā Vicunas a me nā externally kekahi mau mea like me nā alpaca, guanaco a me nā kāmela. Mai ka hopena, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mammals ma ka kaawale ʻole o kahi puʻupuʻu a me ka nui. He paʻakikī loa nā kūlana ola o nā ʻohana Camelids - aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 5.5 km. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka holoholona e kona ʻano ʻōpiopio, ke aloha a me nā ʻano.

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ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano o ka vicuna

Ulu nā holoholona i 1.5 m ke lōʻihi, ʻo kona kumu maʻamau he 50 kg. Ua hoʻopili ʻo Vicunas i ka lauoho e palulu i ka pā a mānoʻi. ʻO ia ka lauoho ka mea e mālama ai i nā holoholona mai ke ao, e komo pū ai i ka makani a me ka ua, ke anu a me nā hewa maikaʻi ʻole.

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He ʻoki pōkole, ua mau pepeiao loloa ʻo Vicunas, a me nā ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā ʻenemi ma kahi mamao loa. Ma ka ʻōpū, e like me ke kānāwai, ua kokoke ke keʻokeʻo o ke kapa, aʻo ke kua ke kua he brown brown. ʻO nā niho huki i ke ʻano o nā mea incisors ka mea nui i hoʻohanohano ai i nā vicunias mai nā ʻalika ʻē aʻe. Me kā lākou kōkua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke ka holoholona i kahi mauʻu a ʻono hoʻi i kahi pāʻina.

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Makemake nui nā holoholona e noho i nā pūʻulu o 5-15 kanaka. He luna alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia pale ka kuleana no ka palekana o ka "ʻohana" a hoʻomalu ʻo ia iā ia. ʻO kāna mau "mau hana" e kau i ka wīwī i ka manawa kūpono e pili ana i ka pilikia e ka hoʻokū ʻana i kahi hōʻailona. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kāne kāne mai ka ʻeke mai, e hana ana iā ia i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.

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Hoʻokele ʻo nā holoholona Artiodactyl i ka pō a alakaʻi i kahi ʻano hoʻoikaika i ke ao. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, kū mālie a maluhia nā vicuna, akā i kekahi manawa he capricious kā lākou ʻano.

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Meaʻai me ka Haʻi

No ka noho ʻana o nā vicunas ma nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi ʻai. Hoʻohana ʻo Artiodactyls i ka mauʻu, nā lau, nā lālā, nā wana a ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole makemake nā holoholona i ʻai i nā aʻa, akā makemake ka palalela i nā ʻiʻo hihiu.

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ʻO nā momi manuahi ka liʻiliʻi a ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hihiu. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻāʻo ka vicunas e hoʻopu piha i ka lehulehu. Ma muli o ka pilikia o ka nalowale ʻana mai ka maka o ka honua, ua helu ʻia nā holoholona ma ka Puka ʻaha.

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Hoʻomaka ka hana kālaila i ka pūnāwai. Pregnancy ka 11 mau mahina, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana nā pua. Kokoke nā pēpē i ko lākou makuahine no 12 mau mahina a ʻuʻuku iā ia. Ma hope o ka wā e make ai, noho mau ka mamm i loko o nā holoholona no ʻelua mau makahiki, a laila e hele i loko o nā pākeke a ola ʻole.

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ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka vicuna

ʻOkoʻa ʻo Vicuna i kona ʻano a ʻaʻohe ʻano o ia mea ma ka honua. Loaʻa nā holoholona me nā guanacos (a hiki ke aloha pū me lākou), nā llamas a me nā kāmelo. Akā, eia ka ʻokoʻa kū i ke kaʻe o nā ʻūhā a me nā niho o kahi mamalia.

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Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka Alpacas ua loli mai nā vicunias. I kēia lā he ʻano ʻokoʻa kekahi o nā ʻohana Camelids. Mea hoihoi nō naʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kahi loea loiloi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi vicuna kāne i ka wahine, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like nā ʻano holoholona lahilahi ʻo ka wahine dimorphism. Nānā nā ʻōiwi a pau.

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Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

I nā makahiki he nui i hala aku nei, ua ʻākoakoa nā kānaka i nā pua o nā vicunas e ʻoki ai i ka lauoho holoholona Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mammals, a ua hana ʻia nā lole i manaʻo ʻia no nā aliʻi nui mai ka loaʻa i nā lako maka. ʻO ka poʻe a pau e hoʻāʻo e pane i ka vicuna ua lanakila. I kēia lā, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hulu hipa i kekahi o nā mea ʻilihune a nani loa. I mea e hoʻopau ʻole ai i nā momi, ua hana nā luna i nā hana e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana.

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Wahi a ka noiʻi, ua kipa ʻia nā vicunas ma Andes i ka makahiki 12. SM.

Kālā

Eia kekahi holoholona i loaʻa wale i nā ʻāpana komohana o ʻAmelika Hema - ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Andes. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā panalāʻau o Peru, Kile, Bolivia, ʻEkuador a me Argentina. Noho kēia mau mea o ka fauna ma nā kūlana koʻikoʻi - ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3,5 a 5.5 km. ʻO ka hapa nui loa i Peru. ʻO ka vicuna holoholona, ​​nona nā kiʻi a mākou i hōʻike ai i loko o kēia ʻatikala, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona ʻōiwi o ka'āina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona kiʻi ma ka lole o nā lima o Peru.

Pono ʻo Vicuna i kahi anuanu a maloʻo a me nā wahi me nā loko kūpono. Noho kēia mau holoholona i nā pāpū i uhi ʻia i ka lāʻau pōkole a paʻakikī, a ma nā pāpū.

Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻi o ka vicuna

He holoholona ʻo Vicuna me nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī: ʻo nā mea lae i lalo me ka enamel i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao wale nō, a ulu ulu lākou, e like me nā rodents. Ua koi ʻia lākou i ka wā e ʻoki ai ka holoholona i nā kumu koʻikoʻi o nā mea kanu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā naʻau o ka vicuna ma mua o nā momi ʻē aʻe i ka nui like, mahalo i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ke koko, loaʻa kekahi kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen a me ka hemoglobin. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka erythrocytes (selula koko ʻulaʻula) i loko o nā vicunas he oval i ke ʻano, ma mua o kahi disc, he ʻano ʻano o nā poʻe o nā awāwa.

Kāleka a me ka kala

ʻO ke kapa pale kāwele a me ke kapa e uhi ai i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ke kāmela humpbacked. Kuʻi ʻia ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo i kahi paleʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a i kahi huluhulu keʻokeʻo siliki, a hiki i 30 cm lōʻihi, ke ʻano he bala, i kahiko ʻia i ka umauma. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana, a me ka loko o ka wāwae, he hina hina, a ʻo ka hope a me waho o nā ʻōpū he ʻulaʻulaʻula.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO Vihuna he holoholona pipi manu e noho ana ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 5 a 15 mau pākeke. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka pūʻulu e ke alakaʻi kāne kāne i kahu ma kona "ʻohana". Ke neʻe mau nei ʻo ia ma ka neʻe ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo e neʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma luna o ka puʻu. ʻAe kēia iā ia e nānā i ke kaiapuni a, inā paha he pilikia, e hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona i kona mau hoahānau. Ke hōʻike nei nā ʻohana ʻohana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke alakaʻi, a kau i kona kua i kona kua.

ʻO kēia mau holoholona hihiu a hōʻino loa ma ka puʻu a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 47 km / h. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe, neʻe maikaʻi loa nā vicuñas. I nā wā pōʻino, hana lākou i ke kani leo nui, e ʻōlelo ana i ka pipi. Ua māhele ʻia ka pūnaewele i noho ai e nā vicunas ma o nā wahi hānai a me nā wahi hiamoe.

ʻO nā kāne pākeke ʻaʻole i alakaʻi ʻole i ka pipi e noho i kahi manawaleʻa a hana paha i kā lākou hui ponoʻī me kahi hierarchy kūpono. Ma kahi o nā pipi kau ʻia, i nā kuahiwi hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i nā hui o nā ʻōpio i loaʻa ka ikaika a me ka ʻike a kali i ka manawa a ko lākou hoʻokele ʻana i ka wahine mai ka luna ʻelemakule a pēlā i hana ai i kā lākou poʻe holoholona.

Kūʻē pinepine ʻo Vicunas i ka lawe ʻana i ka wai a me ka meaʻai, hana pinepine ʻole i kahi kamaʻilio me kahi kanaka. ʻO ke kumu nui kēia no nā makahiki he nui i mālama ʻole ʻia kēia holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ʻo ia ke hana i kēia mau ho'āʻo ʻana.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

A hiki i ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia 20, ʻo ke kanaka ka ʻenemi nui o nā pakanalona. Akā i ka helu ʻana o nā holoholona ma ke Kauka Red, ua loli nui ke ʻano: ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia mau holoholona. I kēia mau lā, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola lākou a hiki i 15-20 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka mākā manawa aia i ka pūnāwai. Hānau ʻia ka wahine wahine 11 mau mahina. ʻO kēlā me kēia wahine i ka wā hānau keiki lawe mai i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mea maʻalahi ke heluʻana i kēlā me kēia makā hou e hoʻomaka ai no kāna mahina hoʻokahi ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. A hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, e kuhi ʻia nā ʻōpio ma hope o ko lāua makuahine, aia nō hoʻi i ka pipi no kahi hoʻokahi a i ka hapalua a ʻelua mau makahiki, a ma hope wale nō lākou e hele ai i ka "ʻai manu ʻole".

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ka huluhulu vicuna

ʻO nā huluhulu maoli o nā hulu hipa, ua manaʻo ʻia ka huluhulu vicuna e ʻoi loa ka waiwai nui a me ka uku nui ma ka honua. ʻO kēia no kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, a me ka nani, a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona. ʻO ka huluhulu Vicuna (kiʻi āu e ʻike ai ma lalo nei) i nā ʻōpio kūpilikiʻi a palupalu a hiki i 30 cm lōʻihi.ʻO ka palena iki (ʻo ka lauoho lauoho) o ka huluhulu vicuna he 10-15 microns, a ʻo nā haʻalulu ma lalo o nā lā he 6-8 mau loiloi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i kēia hōʻike me ka alpaca fineness - 22-27 microns, yak - 19-21 microns, cashmere 15-19 microns. He haʻahaʻa loa hoʻi ka hulu ʻo Chinchilla.

Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka huina o ka huluhulu i ʻoki ʻia ma Peru, ukali ʻia e Bolivia, Argentina a me Chile. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā huahana. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻae ʻia kahi holoholona ʻoi aku e hānai hou ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua, ʻoiai hiki nō ke loaʻa iā ia he 400-500 mau pā o ka hulu hipa i kēlā me kēia kanaka.

ʻO ka kilogram o kahi huluhulu manuahi i hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai a hiki i $ 1000. He hapalua o ka lole lole huluhulu paona he 300 ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a hiki i $ 3000. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lole o ke kāne e uku ʻia ma kahi o $ 20,000. Eia kekahi holoholona waiwai nui - vicuna. ʻO kahi kapa huluhulu mai kāna huluhulu hiki ke loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai aku ke kūʻai aku, keu aku ka waiwai, ʻoiaʻiʻo. No kēlā huahana kīnā, hana lima ʻia ka hulu. No ka mea pāpā ʻia ʻole kēia e pepehi i kēia mau holoholona, ​​ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hulu manu mai ka huluhulu.

ʻO ka huluhulu Vicuna kahi pākū o kaaminamona - mai ke aniani a hiki i ka mālamalama. Ma muli o kona mau waiwai kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole loa e paʻi ʻia.

ʻAno kohā

ʻO ke ala ʻae ʻia e hōʻiliʻili i ka huluhulu vicuna i kēia lā ʻo ka mana kahiko: ua hali ʻia ka pipi i kahi pā peʻa e nānā ai ka mea loea i nā holoholona a hāʻawi aku i ke kōkua inā pono. Ua mālama ʻia nā holoholona olakino.

Ma Peru, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa kūikawā no ka poʻe a pau e kūʻai aku ana a hana i nā huahana mai ka hulu hipa o kēia mau holoholona. Kēia mau palapala hōʻoia e loaʻa ana ka huluhulu mai nā vicunas ola. Ke ʻole o ia ʻae ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai o ke kūʻai aku. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hōʻailona kūikawā no nā huahana mai nā vicunias (ʻo Vicua ka ʻāina kumu o ka huahana).

ʻO ka lole i ulana ʻia i ka huluhulu a me nā hulu manu

Pono au e ʻōlelo ʻo nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi nui wale nō e hana i nā lole mai nā vicuna. Wahi a nā manaʻo akamai o kā lākou poʻe loea, e hana i hoʻokahi scarf, pono ʻoe i ʻahuʻoki i ka huluhulu i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi holoholona, ​​kahi hipa, ʻelima hulu hipa, a i kahi kapa - mai i 30 mau vicunas.

ʻO Loro Piana ka hui kaulana loa e hana pū ana me ka huluhulu o kēia mau mea nani. Hana ʻo ia i nā aahu nani.

ʻO Falke kahi mea kaulana i nā socks, ke kumukūʻai e like me ke kumukūʻai o kahi kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia - $ 1,200. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i kahi pahu lāʻau i kāinoa ʻia. Hiki i kēlā huahana ke makana no ke kanaka nona nā mea āpau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a Vicuna

Vicuna (mau inoa ʻē aʻe - vigoni, vicuna, vigon) - kahi lono no ka ʻohana kamela mai ka loko o ka llamas. Hapaa lama vicuna oi mea hou aku no ka guanaco a i ole alpaca, a like ko me ke kamelo wale mamao mai, no ka mea aole he mau hiu, a he nui loa i ka nui.

ʻAʻole i like kā kāmela, loaʻa wale nō ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma kona ʻaoʻao komohana - ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Andes (ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻāina kūloko o Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia a me Argentina). Noho ʻo Vicunas ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 3,5 a 5.5 mau kilomita, ma nā kūlana paʻakikī.

He ʻoluʻolu a lulu ka holoholona. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a hoʻokahi hapa a me ka hapa mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo 50 mika kiʻekiʻe ka nui. Palau ʻia ka kapa lole, akā palupalu a mānoanoa, i mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka holoholona mai ke anuanu, makani, ua a me nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole. No laila, ʻo alpacas, llamas, guanacos, vicunas e like like me kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ola o ka vicuna

ʻO rea holoholona ʻo Vicuna. Mālama ʻia lākou i nā pūʻulu pūpū o 5 a 15 mau kanaka, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia o nā holoholona ʻōpio maʻamau. Hoʻokipa ʻia kēlā me kēia hui e kahi alakaʻi kāne hoʻokahi. ʻIke ʻo nā pipi āpau i kona ʻano.

Ke hoʻomau nei ke kāne male i kāna "ʻohana", e neʻe mau ana a neʻe i luna o ka puʻu e nānā i ka hoʻopuni ʻana a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona i ka manawa inā ʻike ʻo ia i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka pōʻino.

Kuhi pū ʻia ka ʻano holoholona like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa inoa o nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia no nā vicunias hou. ʻO ka hui ʻana i nā holoholona i hui pū ʻia a alakaʻi ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā ʻōpiopio i nā mauna, e ʻike mau nei i ka ʻike a me ka ikaika, e ʻimi nei i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohemo ai i nā wahine mai kekahi mau “alakaʻi o ka ʻohana” a hoʻokumu i kā lākou poʻe bipi.

Ma hope o kēlā, pale aku lākou i ko lākou ʻāina. A ke alakaʻi nei nā alakaʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ke ola o ka poʻe neʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Vicunas i kahi hana ola wale nō i ke ao, a hoʻomaha i ka pō. I ke ʻano o ka lā, e hele mālie nei nā vicuns, e ʻimi e kūleʻa me kēlā me kēia, ke neʻe i ka mauna i ke ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai, a ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻakeke i ka lā.

ʻOiai ka hanana phlegmatic a me ke ʻano o kahi koina hoʻonaninani (hele mai nā holoholona i kahi kanaka a me nā wahi e noho ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka nui ma ka ʻoihana. kiʻi vicuna), ke hōʻike ʻia nei lākou e ke ʻano capricious.

I ka manawa pio, hōʻole pinepine lākou i ka inu a ʻai i ka meaʻai, a hoʻokau maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me kahi kanaka. ʻO ia no kēia mau makahiki i hiki ʻole i kēia mau holoholona ke kanu, ʻoiai ke hana ʻia nei nā hoʻāʻo.

Kāleka

ʻO 150 ka lōʻihi o ka vicuna, ua ulu ka ulu ma nā poʻohiwi e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo 50 ka nui ka nui. ʻAno - ma ka kua he brown brown, laka ma lalo o ka lalo - ʻoi aku ka nani o ka ʻoi o nā ʻano pili, a ʻo ka mānoanoa hoʻi e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ʻano hanu, pale ʻia mai ke anuanu. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā vicuna ka mau niho niho incisor haʻahaʻa, e like me ka poʻe rodents, e ulu mau ana ia. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻano artiodactyls like ʻole.

Nā laina e pili ana

Ua manaʻo ʻia i nā wā i koho ʻole ʻia ai nā pōloko. I kēia lā, ua loaʻa nā hopena hoʻokolohua DNA e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hele mai nā alpacas mai nā vāhias. No ka mea, ʻo alpacas, llamas, guanacos, a me nā vicuñas hiki ke launa pū kekahi me a hui pū pinepine ʻia, paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo me ka maopopo o ke kumu o nā holoholona o kēia lā.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻo Vicuna ma lalo o ka inoa ʻepekema Vicugna vicugna, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano ʻokoʻa hoʻokoe, kūʻē i nā Lamas a me nā kāmelo. Ua pili kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻūhā a me nā niho o ka vicunias. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea hiki i nā likunyas a me nā guanacos hiki ke hōʻike i kahi pilina pili loa, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻē. Vicugna ke kumuhana o ka paio ʻepekema.

ʻO Vicuna a me ke kāne

Ua ʻike ʻia na ka Incas kahiko i hoʻolauna i nā hui me nā lehulehu a ʻokiʻī i kā lākou huluhulu waiwai, nā mea hoʻohana maoli ʻia no nā lole o nā aliʻi kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. ʻAʻole i mau i ka poʻe Spani i kēia moʻomeheu.

"I ka wā ma mua, i mua o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana e ka poʻe Spani i kēia aupuni, ua nui nā hipa hānau, a he nui nā Guanacos a me Viqunias ma kēlā mau o kēlā a me kēia mau ʻoihana, akā ʻo ka poʻe Spani e luku wikiwiki iā lākou a nui ka liʻiliʻi aneane aohe loa. ”

Ua pana aku lākou i nā puluvunas i ka nui a ua hōʻino ʻo lākou i nā kumu wai. I ka wā mua, ua hana ʻia kēia e hana i nā pā hipa no ka holoholona, ​​ma hope no ka hulu hipauna, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻilihune loa a kaulana i ka honua. I nā lā o ka Incas, aneane 1,5 miliona mau vicunas i noho i ka Andes. I ka makahiki 1965, ua hāʻule ka helu o lākou i ka 6,000. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hana pale, ua nui nō ka heluna o ka wai ʻōne a i kēia lā aia ma kahi o 200 mau tausani.

He ʻauhau

Latin inoa - Vicugna vicugna

Pelekane Pelekane - Vicugna

Palapala - artiodactyls (Artiodactyla)

Kiʻi ʻona - Callopods (Tylopoda)

‘Oe - Kamelī (Kamelikea)

Kaaekuahiwi - Vicunna (Vicugna)

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Vicuna ma kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka helehelena o nā ʻūhā a me nā niho.

Nānā a me ke kāne

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Vicuna he holoholona hoʻolaʻa ma Andes mai nā wā kahiko. Manaʻo ka Highlanders ua hāʻawi ʻia ia e nā akua na lākou i hiki i ke ola i ka pōloli a me ke anu o kēia mau wahi ʻino. I nā lā o nā Incas, hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā vicuna i ke akua akua Inti.Ua kapa ʻia e ka Incas kāna huluhulu "Golden Fleece" a i ʻole "Fleece of the God", i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻōla a pale aku i kēia mau holoholona. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Vicunas i ka wā o ka mālama aliʻi, mālama a hoʻokuʻu manu, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa nei ka nui o nā holoholona ma ke ʻano. Ua hana ʻia nā kapa komo mai ka hulu nani a maikaʻi i nā poʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe Spaniards, i hōʻea ʻia i ʻAmelika Hema, hoʻomaka lākou e kiʻi i nā pōpoki. Hana ʻia kēia me ka pahuhopu e loaʻa ai ka huluhulu a ʻoi loa ko ka honua, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻai me nā mea momona.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hina nui o nā holoholona: inā i ka manawa o ka Incas, a hiki i ka 16th kenekulia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 miliona mau vicunas i noho ma Andes, a laila ma ka makahiki 1965, ʻaʻole i keu aku a 6,000 mau poʻe i waiho. Ua hoʻomaka ka kūlana i ka hoʻololi i ka hopena o nā makahiki 60 i ka makahiki hope. I ka makahiki 1967, ua hana ʻia kahi papa hoʻolaʻa mua no ka mālama ʻana i nā palahalike, ʻo Pampa Galeras, i Peru, i ka makahiki 1970. Ua pāpā aku ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ka mea lawe nui i ka huluhulu) i ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā huahana hipauna, a ma hope o 5 mau makahiki, ʻo ka hui honua no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hou o nā holoholona CITES, aia ma lalo o ke au o UN, ua hoʻonui i ka pāpā i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻi ka poʻe Andean i ka hana kahiko o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā vicunias - chaku. ʻAʻole kēia wale nō ke ʻano o ka "ʻimi" no nā vicunas, ma muli o kēia i hopu ʻia a mālama pū ʻia, akā he ʻoliʻoli nō hoʻi i hiki ke noi i nā akua e hōʻoia i ka uluʻana o ka ʻāina a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka huli ʻana i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka poʻe i hana nui ma Peru, ma ka pāpale lima o nā lima, ka hae a me nā waihona hōʻaiʻē e hōʻike ʻia nei kēia holoholona aloha. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou nā luna o Peru i ko lākou hoʻohanohano no nā kuʻuna a me nā likunas ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana o ka hui Vicuna makahiki i Pampa Galeras i ka makahiki 1993 a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka poʻe kamaʻāina me ka mālama wale ʻana i nā pōpiha, akā e hāʻawi ana i nā poʻe kuleana i ka uku kālā mai ka kūʻai aku ʻana i ka huluhulu.

E mālama ʻia ana ʻo Chuck mai Mei a ʻOkakopa. ʻO ke kaulahao ola ʻelima mau a i ʻole mau makaʻāina paha e hele lohi i loko o ke apo o nā kahe wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana o nā kānaka, e hoʻōho ana a hoʻopili ana i ko lākou mau lima, e lawe mai i ka ʻohana i kahi hoe waʻa ʻokoʻa, kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka huluhulu.

Ma hope o ka hūnā ʻia o nā pōnoko ma ka hoe hoe, ua hele mai nā keiki o ka Incas kahiko - kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe i ka lole kūlohelohe kūloko i hōʻili ʻia i ka pōhaku, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka waena o ka hoe. Maanei, ʻae nā poʻe hui o kahi hanana i kahi hanana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Tinkachu" - hāʻawi lākou i nā hoʻomaikaʻi i nā akua a noi i ke ʻae e hoʻohana i nā makana o ke ʻano. A laila, pono nā mea i loko o ka hana e hoʻokau i ka pepeiao o ke kāne kāne a me ka wahine male ʻulu a hui i ke koko o nā holoholona. Hōʻailona kēia hana i ka mare ʻana o nā holoholona a, e like me nā manaʻo o ke Incas, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kā lākou hana hou.

Ma hope o ka hoʻomana, nānā nā mea hou a pau i hopu ʻia, hōʻailona ʻia, a hoʻolako ʻia me ka mālama manu mālama pono. ʻO nā holoholona maikaʻi wale nō ka lauoho lauoho o ka liʻiliʻi o 3 cm e lei ʻia, ʻānō lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mīkini mīkini (e wikiwiki i ke kaʻina a hōʻemi i ke kaumaha i ka holoholona) wale ma ka hope a i nā ʻaoʻao, waiho ka lauoho ma ka liʻiliʻi o 0,5 cm lōʻihi ma ke kino. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpiopio a i hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole pili i nā wahine hāpai a me nā holoholona nāwaliwali. Ma hope o nā ʻokiʻoki a me ka nānā ʻana i nā vicunas a pau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi peni nui a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka manawa like, no laila e loaʻa i nā holoholona nā holoholona e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ʻano o nā pūʻulu o mua.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka helu o nā vicunas ma ke ʻano he 2 miliona mau kānaka, ʻoiai, aia kahi papahana no ke ao honua no ka lawe pio ʻana o kēia mau holoholona kahi o kā mākou zoo i kahi hana nui (e mālama ʻia ana ka hui o nā vicunias i ka zoo). ʻAʻole ke ʻano he weliweli loa o ka nalo o nā ʻano, a he maikaʻi ke kumelane ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke kulekele pololei o ke aupuni a me ka hui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i hoʻoili ʻia ai ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.

Ua kaulana ʻia ʻo Vicuna no ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ka alpaca pedigree - he pua, ka mea nona ka ʻāpana like a me ka aahu nani. Ua nīnau ʻia kēia pili pili i nā makahiki he nui, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka noiʻi genetic noiʻi, ua pili kēia ʻepekema i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā alpacas mai Vicuna.

Hōʻike ʻia o ka manuuna holoholona

He 1,5 ka lōʻihi ka nui o ke kino vicuna. I ke kiʻekiʻe, ulu ka holoholona i kahi mika. ʻO ka nui o ka average average e 50 kilokilima. Kau ʻia ke poʻo ma ka ʻoluʻolu lōʻihi, akā he ʻāʻī loa o ka ʻāʻī. He lōʻihi nā pepeiao o ka holoholona.

He huluhulu kaila a ka ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa me nā leo brownish. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma o ke kino, hana nā lauoho i kekahi mea e like me ka pendants, he 30 sentimita ka lōʻihi.

He koʻikoʻi nā koʻikoʻi o Vicuna (nā niho), no laila, ʻaʻole ia e pono i ka ʻai ʻana i ka mea kanu me nā aʻa - ʻoki ʻo ia i ka lau a ʻāʻī iā lākou.

ʻOi ʻia ka nui o ka vicuna ma mua o ka ʻīlio kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole no ka nui o nā kāmela.

He aha nā meaʻai a ka vicuna?

ʻO ke ʻano o nā momona ʻoluʻolu o kēia mau mauna mauna. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā mauna, ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole nui nā mea uliuli ulu. No laila, koi ikaika ʻia nā vicunas me nā mea kanu a nā mea kanu e hiki mai ana ma ko lākou ala. ʻO ka hapa nui ka ʻai i ka ʻai. ʻAi lākou i ka meaʻai, e like me nā mea a nā luna o nā ruminants e hana.

Ma mua o ka wāʻokiʻoki, ʻo nā vicunas e like me nā mea pāʻani ʻoluʻolu a me ka fluffy.

ʻO ka hua ʻana o kahi kāmelo humpbacked

Hoʻomaka ka hapanui o kēia mau kāmela mini humpback i ka pūnāwai. Hāpai ka wahine hānai iā ia i nā cubs no 11 mahina. ʻO nā wikis liʻiliʻi kekahi nani a nani hoʻi. Hānau ʻia ʻo ia, ua hiki ke kū i ka pēpē (ma hope o ka hapalua wale nō ka hapa) a hahai i kona makuahine. ʻAʻole nō naʻe he manawa e ola kūpono ai mai ka hānau ʻana o kekahi hanauna, e hoʻomaka ana ka wahine e komo i nā pāʻani hikiki. Hana ʻia kēia i loko o 2 a 3 mau pule ma hope o nā pēpē mua. Lawe ʻo Vicunas i nā hua o kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma ka wahine a hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.

ʻO Mom Vicuna me ka cub. ʻO Vicuna palupalu.

Ma nā wahi kūlohelohe, ola nā vicunas a 15 - 20 mau makahiki.

Loaʻa kanaka

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, ʻo nā vicunas ke kumu o ka huluhulu momona. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o kona kapa - ʻaʻole. No laila, aia kahi mea i kāohi ʻole ʻia ai kēia mau mea nani. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo nā kānaka i ka nui o ka hana a lākou e hana ai i ko mākou honua ma ko lākou pono ponoʻī. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻia ka launa pū ʻana me ke kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o ke ola o nā mea ola a pau, ʻo mākou hoʻi nā kānaka!

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO kekahi kēia o nā mea ʻelua o nā kāmela ʻAmelika Hema e noho ana ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā Andes, ʻo kekahi. guanaco. Vicuna - kekahi hoahānau o ka llama a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kupuna no ka alpaca, kahi lōʻihi i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia.

ʻOi aku ka palupalu a Vicuna, ʻoluʻolu a me ka miniatur e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka guanaco. ʻO kahi mea nui e hōʻike i ka ʻano morphology ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā incisors vicuna. Eia kekahi, ulu nā niho haʻahaʻa o ka nani o Andean i ke ola holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka hiki ke mākaʻikaʻi iā lākou iho ma muli o ka pilina mau me ka paʻakaha paʻakikī.

Kelena Vicuna lealea no ka maka. ʻO ka palaka lōʻihi o ka holoholona he kukui a me beige ma ke kua, e hoʻohuli i kahi aniani waiu ma loko o ka ʻōpū. Ma ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī - kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo hoʻonaninani keʻokeʻo nui, ka hale hoʻohanohano nui o ka artiodactyl. Ua pōnihi iki ke poʻo ma mua o ka guanaco, a me nā pepeiao, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ke lōʻihi a me ka paʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai ka 150 a 160 cm, poʻohiwi - 75-85 cm (hiki i kahi mita). ʻO ka paona o kahi pākeke he 35-65 kg.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohanohano ʻia nā kāhea. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea ulu i ka holoholona i ka lele ʻana ma luna o nā pōhaku, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka "kahiki" ikaika me ka papa pōhaku.

ʻO ka mea nona ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā maka ākea ākea me nā lālani o nā maka a ulaula, vicuna i ke kiʻi Naʻu loa. Akā, ʻaʻole e ʻae ka maikaʻi haʻalulu i ka poʻe e hele mai iā ia, no laila ke wehe nei lākou i kēia hana mana me nā kāmela me ka nui o ka pakele.

Vicuna - kahi mamala no ke kauoha o artiodactyls, ka mea palena o callus, ka ʻohana o nā kāmela. A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻo nā zoologist e pili ana ka llama me nā alpaca i nā guanaco. Akā kahi noiʻi hohonu o ka DNA hōʻike ʻo alpaca mai ka vicuna.

ʻOiai ke kō nei nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, no ka mea, ʻo nā inoa āpau pili i pili i hiki ke aloha i ka kūlohelohe. Hoʻokahi wale nō holoholona o kēia mau mauna mauna, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana, ʻo Vicugna Vicugna Vicugna a me Vicugna Vicugna Mensalis.

ʻĀnō ke ola

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā kiʻi artiodactyls ma nā kuahiwi ʻo nā ʻāpana Andean fox nā mea wili a me ka ʻōlio maned. Ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā vicunas no 20 mau makahiki (kekahi - a hiki i 25). ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka homestication, akā ma kekahi mau kīlea i aʻo pehea e mālama pono ai i nā "mau kiʻekiʻe" kiʻekiʻe.

Pono kēia i nā waihona ākea ākea. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ma nā Zoo Moscow, hana ʻo ia i kahi kahu hānai i nā puʻu. I waena o nā makahikiʻehā o 2000, ua lawe ʻia mai i ʻekolu wahine a he kāne. Hoʻonui nui lākou, no laila ua nui ka nui o nā bipi i ʻelua mau keneta, ua nui nā keiki i neʻe aku i kekahi o nā zoos.

ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i nā holoholona līlī i nā manawa a pau. Mai ka manawa i pio ai ka Sepania ma luna o ka Hema ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i 1964, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻimi he pono no nā kūloe. ʻO ka hewa, ko lākou kapa kālaiʻike nui. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi hopena pōʻino: i nā makahiki he kanaono, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā kānaka ʻelua miliona e lilo i 6,000. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano lahilahi.

I ka makahiki 1964, ua kū pū ʻo Servicio Forestal, me ka hui pū ʻana me United States Peace Corps, ka World Wildlife Fund a me ke National Agrarian University of La Molina, i kahi mālama kūlohelohe (park park) no ka Vicunas Pampa Galeras ma nā wahi o Peru a Ayacucho, i kēia manawa aia nā wahi kūlohelohe ma Ekuador a me Chile.

I ka lua o ka hapa o ka ʻumikūmālua, ua hoʻomaka kahi papahana hōʻeuʻeu no nā mea hana holoholona manu. Ua papa ʻia kekahi mau ʻāina i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka huluhulu vicuna. Mahalo i kēia mau ana, aia wale nō i Peru ka nui o nā vicunas i hoʻonui i nā manawa.

I kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo Pampa Galeras chaku (ʻohiʻā, ke hoʻopihapiha a me ka ʻānai) e lawe nei i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka huluhulu a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka puʻe. ʻO nā ʻelele ʻelemakule maikaʻi a me ka uhi hulu hipa o ʻekolu kenimika a ma luna, ua hānai ʻia. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻolālā i ka National Council of South American Camels (CONACS).