Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ngahulu, ʻike mākou i ka lewa i nā pua hipa nui e lele ana i nā pua ʻoluʻolu e hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. E pili ana i kēia he nui nā moʻolelo, nā puke, nā kāleka a me nā moʻolelo. No ka mea he nui nā ʻano ʻē, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe e noho nei ma kahi hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, a ʻo ka hoʻoilo. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau manu he manu manuahi. Aia nā manu ʻokoʻa maʻamau a lele mai iā mākou i ka hoʻoilo a hiki ke hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. He hoihoi a hoihoi maoli kēia. E nānā i ke kumu o nā manu like ʻole e hana i kēia a he aha ia i hilinaʻi ai.

ʻO nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo o Lūkia: nā papa kuhikuhi, nā ʻelele

He aha nā manu e waiho ai i ka hoʻoilo ma Rusia? Ma kahi o 70 mau ʻano manu manu e waiho nei. E hoʻonui hou ana mākou. Hōʻike ʻia nā manu hoʻoilo i ka poʻe e noho mau ana ma ko lākou mau ʻāina i ka wā hoʻoilo anuanu. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke ola a loaʻa nā meaʻai ma ʻaneʻi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole ʻo ka manu e manuahi wale inā ke hānai ʻia. No laila, lele lele kēlā mau holoholona i ʻai i nā mea ʻino. A aia kekahi poʻe e hiki ke ʻai i nā huaʻai, nā hua ʻai, nā ʻōpala a i nā wānana.

Wahi a ia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu i kekahi mau pūʻulu e ke ʻano o ka meaʻai :

• khawaioha
• mauwahiwa
• nā mea hoʻopiʻi

A ma kahi o ka noho i ka hoʻoilo, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hui e like nei:

• e noho i ke kaona
• noho i ka nahele
• noho i ka mahina

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻaile manu e hopu iā lākou a noho ma ka home. Hoʻokaʻa maʻalahi kekahi mau mea i ka hale ma ka hale, make kekahi i ka pio wale. No laila, he pono ʻole ka pelu manu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kekahi mau manu i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole i ʻeha iā lākou. I ka papa aʻe, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā kikoʻī kūikawā o nā manu hoʻoilo. Eia ka mea maʻamau.

Bullfinches, Hōʻopu, Iho, Puʻuwai, Pigeons, Waxwings, Cedars, Carduelis, Muscovites, Pīlio, Siskins, Aliʻi i pihi, Iihana ʻOihana, Pahu, Nuthatches, Schuras, Magpies, Eagle Owls, Owls, etc.

ʻO nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo o Lūkia: papa helu, papa inoa

Mai ka ʻeleʻele huluhulu hoʻōla e mālama ai. E pili ana i nā manu hoʻoilo 'Saylelo lākou: "ʻAʻole mau makaʻu nā manu hānai mau ʻia i ka wela haʻahaʻa." No laila, ʻo nā manu i waiho ʻia no ka hānau ʻana, pono lākou e loaʻa i ka nohona ma waena o ka hoʻoilo.

Hiki iā ia ke kanu i nā hua, nā hua, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ke kāula, nā ʻōpala meaʻai i nā pā o ka mahiʻai ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale. E holo nā manu o nā manu iniseti i nā ʻāpana hema i ka hoʻoilo. Ma Lūkia, ma kahi o kanahiku mau ʻano manu kani i ka hoʻoilo.

Nā hui o nā manu hoʻoilo ma ka papa ʻāina he nui nā ʻano:

Wahi a ke ʻano o ke olakino, ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i:

E papaʻi inoa o nā manu hoʻoilo hiki ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo wale i kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano maʻamau a kaulana loa.

• huluhulu
• puaa
• uaʻipiʻi
• nuthatch
• siskin,
• Kinglet laulā poʻo
• wili
• sedera
• nā lillill
• Hoʻolaha gula
• Moscow,
• tit
• jaka
• Schur
• hulahula pa
• kālai lāʻau
• hoʻokahi kanahā
• nunu
• ʻili
• jackdaw
• laau oak
• pika
• hazel kālima
• hale kākele ʻeleʻele
• ʻāpana hōʻike
• ʻaeto owl
• ʻānō keʻokeʻo
• owl.

Ka lau ʻulaʻaka

Ma ke kanalua ka nani a kaulana loa o ka manu o ka hoʻoilo manu. Loaʻa ʻo nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi iā ia a maopopo iā ia no kāna ʻano ʻulaʻula umauma umauma a ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i wehewehe. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole ʻike nā kānaka a pau nā umauma hina hina. ʻAlamā ʻulaʻula wale nō i nā kāne. ʻO nā Bullfinches e pili ana i ka nui o kahi manu.

I nā makahiki a puni lākou noho lākou i ka ululāʻau me nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. I nā lāʻau laʻi i hoʻopili ʻia a i ʻole coniferous, ʻai lākou i nā hua a me nā huaʻai, nā ʻoki mai nā lāʻau.

ʻIke mākou iā ia i ka hoʻoilo wale nō, no ka mea wale nō i kēia manawa o ka makahiki ke mākaukau ʻo ia e haʻalele i kona ʻano kūlohelohe no ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻoki ʻana i ke kaona. ʻO kā lākou mau punahele punahele i ka hoʻoilo he mau lehu mauna, no laila, ʻo ka mea e ulu iā lākou ma nā pā, e ʻike pono ia i kēia mau manu nani nani i ka hoʻoilo.

Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki koke iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi kīkē a hana i ke kaʻa e noho i kahi hale hale ma ka home. Makemake nui loa ʻo Bullfinches i ka ʻai, ʻoliʻoli lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano maikaʻi a pau o nā hua a me nā huaʻai e hoʻolilo ʻia ai lākou. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia lākou a mākaukau e hoʻopau koke i kā lākou mau mele i ka mea nona. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi wale nō ka mea maʻalahi lākou e hānai a no laila e hōʻeha ka maʻi.

ʻOiai ke hoʻoilo kēia manu, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā pōpō ikaika ma mua o 50 tikelika. No laila, ʻōwili nā pīkī e noho ana ma nā wao coniferous ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina i lele no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole hema ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kokoke iki a hoʻomehana a huli ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo he ʻano like nō ia ma Rusia. No laila ua ʻike mākou i nā manu e lele ai i ka hoʻoilo?

Nā manu nui

Ke noho nei kēia mau manu hina-brown i nā kūlanakauhale a i ka makahiki a puni ma mua o kā mākou mau maka. He helu nui kā lākou ʻānele no nā manu hoʻoilo hoʻoilo o ke kūlanakauhale A puni ka honua ua helu lākou e pili ana i hoʻokahi piliona! E ʻae maikaʻi i kahi kiʻi kupaianaha, no laila ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻikea manuahi i nā ʻāina a me nā konitinē.

Kēia manuahi manu nā manu liʻiliʻi ole manu ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ko lākou mau ʻāʻī he 2 mau manawa e ʻoi aku ka vertebrae ma mua o kahi giraffe. Ua kani iki i kahi mea liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻO ka ʻāʻī a nā ʻuʻuku he lōʻihi a ʻaʻole ia he lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka lōlihi āpau ua pāleʻa ko lākou vertebrae a no laila ua kūpono lākou i kekahi ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

He ʻoluʻolu hoʻi kēia mau manu. Koho i kahi hoaaloha i ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke hui pū me kekahi manu ʻē aʻe inā ua make ka hoa kāne. He mau mea.

He ʻoluʻolu loa nā kīpī. I ka huli ʻana o ka mea ʻai, lele lākou ma nā pūʻulu a inā i loaʻa i kahi kī liʻiliʻi ka meaʻai, a laila kāhea koke ʻo ia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. I ka pō, i mea e mālama ai i ka mahana, noho nui lākou a pau a like kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻololi hou i kēlā me kēia wahi, e hoʻomehana ai iā lākou iho i nā huli.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kīnaha no nā māla a lākou e hānai ai i nā pōʻino pepeke. Akā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia kēia manawa i loko o ka PRC i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a i ka ʻai ʻana o nā aniani i ʻai i nā hua kanu, ua hoʻoholo lākou e hoʻopau i nā mea pīkoi i kā lākou pā huaʻai i mea e lehulehu hou ai. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e hiki ke lele i kahi puaʻa i ka 15 mau minuke a weliweli iā lākou me ka walaʻau ʻole i ʻae iā lākou e pae ma luna o ka māla, ma muli o ka mea i hiki iā lākou ke luku i kekahi mau miliona manu. ʻAʻole naʻe i lōʻihi ko lākou hauʻoli, ka hapanui o nā pepeke pepeke ua hoʻohemo nui ʻia, a pono e lawe ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi i nā kuʻuna e hoʻopakele piha ai.

No laila he mea nui ka sparrow i ke kaulahao meaʻai.

No ke aha e lele ai nā manu āpau i ka hoʻoilo

ʻAʻole hele ka hapanui o nā ʻōlaʻi ma muli o ke anuanu o ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hōʻole iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai maʻamau a no ka mālama ʻana i nā hua i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻano maʻalahi o nā manu "ʻākau" (nā manu, mū, nā ʻūlī, nā ʻoniʻoni, nuthatch, pigeons, woodpeckers, sparrows a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e wehewehe ʻia e ka mākaukau maikaʻi, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lako kūpono a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā manu hoʻoilo ma kahi ʻāina, ʻoiai ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike, e like me kēia:

ʻO ka pūnana mua i ke kūlanakauhale a me nā mea e hoʻopono ʻia ʻo ia, e neʻe ana i nā hale no ka hoʻoilo, ke nānā pono i nā waʻa ʻimi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā koena ʻai. Ma ke ala o ka hānai ʻana, i hōʻike ʻia nā manu hoʻoilo e nā ʻōpala i ʻike ʻia.

Ua aʻo nā manu ʻōiwi āpau i ka ʻai me ka nui o ka hau a i nā hukaha koʻikoʻi. Kūleʻa nā papaha momona a me ka pluffage fluffy, kahi e paʻa ai ka wela, hoʻopakele iā lākou mai nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

He mea nui ia. ʻO ka kuhi hewa ʻana, ua lele nā ​​manu manuahio i ka hema ma muli o ke kaʻina o nā iniseti. ʻO ka ʻili a me ka nuthatching, no ka laʻana, e ʻimi iā lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i nā hua, nā huaʻi a me ka pupae.

He aha nā manu e hoʻoilo ai ka hoʻoilo?

ʻAʻole lākou i ʻeha nui mai ka hau mai ka nele o ka meaʻai, pono e hoʻokō i ka pōloli a me ka nui, e hoʻopuka i ka wela. He mea maʻalahi loa ia no nā manu granivorous (e like me ka carduelis, siskins, bullfinches a tapas paha) me kā lākou papaʻaina hoʻoilo waiwai, kahi o ka:

• nā hua ʻakā
• hua huaʻai
• kaumaha
• nā hua hua hua hua
• hua a lilac a me ka lehu.

Hoʻololi ʻia nā manu Predatory hopu i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, a me ke koena, me ka manaʻo e loaʻa nā mea e pono ai, neʻe kokoke i nā kānaka.

Pau ka ʻai ʻana i nā manu

Hoʻouka ia e hōʻemi i ka make o nā manu hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka ka hānai hoʻoilo (me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kūlana kime) ma ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa a hoʻopau i Malaki.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a ʻoi aku

Hoʻonohonoho ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma ka huli ʻana i nā manu ʻai, ʻo nā mea nui a me ka nuthatching, a me ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou helu. I ka ʻai hoʻoilo o kēia mau manu i nā huaʻa:

• Kauoaeo
• hemp
• ʻōhule a me ke pine (substandard),
• punawai me ka melon
• paukō.

Mālama ka pūpū o ka lā i ka puʻu iā ia iho i nā kahe nui a me ka nuthatching, aʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e wāwahi iki ʻia. ʻO nā hua wai, ua ʻai nui ʻia e nā ʻine a me ka nuthatching, i loko o nā maʻi nui i lilo i ka mālama ʻia ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka lāʻau nui.

Hoʻomanaʻo. ʻAʻohe wai i loko o ka hānai (ʻo kēia ka mea momona no nā manu āpau), a i nā hua kanu meleka, paukena, meloni, pine a me ka wai meli e waiho hou ʻia, ʻaʻole i palaoa.

ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano ʻai ʻai a pau a me ka millet, a me ka laʻa, i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka momona o ka momona, ʻole ka ʻiʻo, ka momona o loko a me nā hamo o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, paʻa ʻia ma ka lālā me nā kaula / kaula.

Nā hui ʻohi

Hoʻokahi lākou i ka ʻulaʻala, kūlike ma ke ʻano o nā meaʻai o nā manu hānai. No laila, no nā insectivores, pua a me nā hua hemp i kahi pākahi o 1: 4 ua ʻōlelo ʻia. E like me ke kānāwai, ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻano huehoe a me nā hua: i ke ʻano maʻemaʻe a i piha hoʻi me ka momona holoholona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻAno makemake ʻia ka hope o nā ʻāpana.

ʻO kekahi o nā loea loiloi kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo nā ʻāpana o ka palaoa i piha, me ka momona, e hoʻohui pū kekahi i ka huina palaoa, nā hua a i ʻole he mea nui, no ka laʻana, oatmeal. Hāpai ka ʻai ʻōpala a me nā manu manuahi manu i ka mea ʻai, kahi e hoʻihoʻi ai nā ʻano mea kanu hemp, millet, huaʻai maloʻo (lehu mauna, elderberry), nā kumulāʻau i kulu ʻia a me nā ʻalika manuahi e kali ana iā lākou.

Nā mea hānai kau

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻolālā ke loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mea nui ka unuhi ʻole ʻana lākou i ka mea hānai. No kēia, pono e hoʻopili i nā mea hānai e pili ana i nā hale noho, me ka ʻike he nui o nā manu hoʻoilo i ka kōkua mai kekahi kanaka.

Inā makemake ʻia ka hānai no nā ʻōpala a me ka nuthatching, ʻo ka nui o ka malama ʻo 1.5 ka 2 kg o ka hui pānaʻi, 0,5 kg o ka ʻona a me ka 200-300 g o ka momona. Ma nā ululāʻau a me nā paka, kahi i nui ai ka nui o ka nui o nā mea iniketi maikaʻi, kau lākou i kahi mea kau hoʻokahi i ka 100-200 ha.

ʻAʻole hoʻokō ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiho ʻana, akā, inā ʻaʻole o ka moose ma ia wahi, e kīkī pinepine ana i nā mea hānai. I kēia hihia, ua kau ʻia lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi o 2.5 m, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wā e kau ʻia ai ka mea mālama puaʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi kanaka.

E kiʻi i nā manu, e kau i nā mea mālama i nā wahi like, no laila ua lawe mai ka manu i kēia ulu ʻōpio.

ʻO ka hānai ʻana ke lilo i mea ulu no ka ʻōhala

Hola ka hōʻailo manu i ka wā e hānai mau ʻia ʻO kēia hopena manaʻo, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke o ka puke ʻo Biology Current, ua hana ʻia e nā ornithologists e nānā i nā kelena manu ʻeleʻele i mau makahiki. Ua hiki mai nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka 2 mau lehulehu o Sylvia atricapilla mai Kelemānia, he ʻanuʻu wale no 800 km. Ma mua o ke Kaua Honua Honua, lele nā ​​manu o nā ʻōiwi ʻelua i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻai ana i nā lāʻau ʻoliva a me nā huaʻai ma laila.

I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka ka hapa o nā mea kaua (e pili ana i ka 10%) i ka hoʻoilo i foggy Albion, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka ʻai kino ʻana o nā manu mai ka ʻaoʻao o nā mea Pelekānia e hopohopo nei. Hōʻike ka DNA loiloi o nā mea kaua o nā iwi ʻelua, e hoʻomau ana e lele i loko o ka Mediterranean, hōʻike i ka like like ma waena o lākou iho (ʻo ke kiʻi ʻana i ka mamao o 800 km) ma mua o nā mea i neʻe i UK.

Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe Ornithologists i nā ʻike nui o nā ʻano genetic i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea kaua o ka hoʻoilo hoʻokahi o ka hoʻoilo ma nā ʻāina ʻē. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka nā lālā ʻelua o ka lahui e kūʻokoʻa.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea noiʻi, ʻoi loa ia e kiʻi i nā hopena honua, no ka mea, hoʻomaka ʻo Sylvia atricapilla i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi like ʻole i lōʻihi loa. Eia naʻe, manaʻo nā mea ola e ʻike i ka wehe ʻana i ka heluna o nā kānaka i 2 mau kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, kahi i kū ʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi piha o ke kanaka.

Kūpono

Hoʻopū maʻamau kēia inoa i kahi sparrow hale, nā mea kaulana loa a me nā mea ākea o ka pili ʻana o ka huaʻīlio maoli. Ma kahi kokoke i 12 mau subspecies, me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ke ola nei i kahi ola paʻa a pili ʻia i ke kanaka. Noho nā ʻuʻu hale i loko o ka ʻaoʻao ma ke kūkulu hema a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka honua (e pili ana i Eurasia, Australia, North / South America, South Africa, New Zealand a me nā mokupuni he nui,) ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuʻi i ka Arctic wale nō.

Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maopopo ʻia ka male e ka wahi ʻeleʻele e hele i ka hulu, ʻāʻī / goiter a me ka umauma o luna, a me ka hiʻu ʻulaʻula (ʻaʻole iʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, e like me ka wahine) lei. He ʻōpala hina a me ke poʻo nā ka wahine, a me nā pale hina-ʻulaʻulaʻula i hala i ka maka.

ʻO ka manuahi hale nondescript, i ka mea i hala, he monogamous ia, a komo i ka mare lua wale nō ma hope o ka make o ka kāne.

He nui manuahi ka manu a ʻike ʻia i ko lākou huhū - mai kānalua e kaʻi ma luna o ka pākaukau o kahi keʻena alanui e puhipihi i nā pōpō liʻiliʻi. He manawa pōkole loa ka hale Sparrow, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. Kuhi ʻole nā ​​ʻōlelo ʻana e pili ana i nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ʻelua ana.

Pūʻiwa

ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia ʻohana ʻohana o ka finch ma mua o kahi pua manu, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kona ʻano koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ke kāne iā ia i ka ʻulaʻula ulaula, ka mea i hoʻonui ʻia e kona ʻulaʻula e nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, i ka ʻālāʻī a me nā ʻaoʻao (ʻaʻole ia he kumu o ka wahine ʻōpio). ʻO ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka lula ʻana i kahi manamana keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou mau ʻēheu, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio a hiki i ka molt mua i loaʻa i kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele maʻamau ma ko lākou mau poʻo.

Noho ʻo Bullfinches ma ʻEulopa, kokoke ma East and East Asia, e komo pū ana me Siberia, Kamchatka a me Iapana. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka palena e hiki aku ai ma ka ʻĀpana o Sepania, nā Apennines, ʻākau a me Greece a me ka ʻĀkau o Asia Minor. Nui ka poʻe noho o Lūsia e ʻike ʻia ka pōkula i ko mākou ulu lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia: i ke kauwela ua uhi ia i nā lau ʻaukā, a me ke kua o nā lāʻau hau e hiki ke nānā hou ʻia.

Noho aliʻi ʻo Matriarchy i nā ʻohana kīmiu - ua loaʻa i ka mea kau ka hau, mālama i ke kāne a me nā hakakā, inā pono, me kāna mau hoalauna. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kāne kāne i ka hānai ʻana o nā moa.

Hiki i ka Bullfinches ke hoʻoneʻe i nā kumulāʻau mai nā hua rowan, hopes a me ke juniper, akā hāʻawi i kahi makemake nui aʻe i ka maple, ka lehu a me nā hua alder. I nā mea hānai ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i ka buckwheat a me ka millet.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana finch, e noho ana i nā pāpale coniferous a ua pili ʻia me nā manu hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ko mākou ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Chizh ma mua o ka pua, akā ʻaʻole mea kaulana loa, mahalo i ka mele comic e pili ana iā Chizhik-fawn.

Loaʻa ka siskin i kahi paleka o ka lula a ka poni-melemele a me nā hōʻike leo leo maikaʻi, no ka mea ua hauʻoli ʻo ia e kūʻai aku i nā mākeke manu. Hoʻopili koke ʻia ka siskin a hoʻohana i ka pahu, kahi ʻo ia i pīhoihoi ai i nā melemies uncomplicated a hōʻike pū hoʻi i nā moa.

ʻO nā ʻano o ka deciduous (ʻoi aku ka birch / alder) a me nā mea hoʻohui i hui pū ʻia me nā mea inikini, e like me ka aphids, ka mea nui i kaʻai kūlohelohe o Chizh. Hiki i nā ʻūpiki ke hele aku i hānai i nā moa. I ka lawe pio ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka manu i ka canola, nā lula a me nā hua laula.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka siskin i hoʻokahi wale nō no ka hana ʻana i ka wā. I ka wā hela, e neʻe nā honu o nā siskins i kahi kahi kahiʻaila hau ʻole.

Klest-elovik

He kōpī maʻamau ia, he manu ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka pua liʻiliʻi, akā, ʻaʻole i emi iki i ka hōkū. Kaulana ʻo Klest no kona beak cross ikaika, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā hua kanu mai nā cones, akā no ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. Noho ʻo Klest-elovik i ʻEulopa (me ka nui o ka post-Soviet space), Central Central and North Asia, North-West Africa, the Philippines, and Central and North America.

Pīwili ka manu a noho ka lehulehu i ka puna, ʻohi pinepine i ka paina a kāwili ʻia, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā lāʻau kedona.

Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kāne e ka raspberry umauma (i ka wahine he greenish-hina). ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu o kahi keʻokeʻo maʻamau i pena ʻia i ka hina-brown. Puhi pinepine ka manu ma luna, a hiki i ka cone, a paʻa ʻana i ka lālā me nā manamana lima lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole "kīpē" ka uapo i ka maka ma ka hopena, ua mākona me kahi o ka 1/3 o nā hua: ua ʻai ʻia ke koena a me nā koʻi. No ka nui o ka manawa o nā kahe a me nā lehelehe a me ke kuahiwi, i ka lele, kani pinepine lākou i ke kani o ka "cap-cap-cap". ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui manu, hiki iā lākou ke pua i ka hoʻoilo.

Makalahala Goldfinch

ʻO kahi mele mele, haʻahaʻa loa i ka nui o ka manuahi, a mahalo ʻia i nā poʻe aloha i kona mau ʻano leo maikaʻi. ʻO ke kanaka maʻamau, a ʻeleʻele paha, ke mele ʻana i ke aloha me ka lei ʻana i ka makahiki a pau o ka makahiki, me ka pau ʻole o kona makana i loko o kahi pā.

Hāʻawi ka ʻūlani i ka carduelis ʻaʻole wale me ke kālena o ka mea mele, akā pū nō hoʻi me kona hiʻohiʻona kino - ke kikowaena ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu, nā papalina ʻulaʻula, nā ʻulaʻula a me nā hulu ʻulaʻula a puni ka beak a Beak. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism seksual i ka laulā o ke kaila ʻulaʻula ma lalo o ka beak: i nā kāne, ʻo ia ka 8-10 mm, i nā wahine - ʻelua o ka liʻiliʻi.

Wahi a na ornithologists, ʻaʻole hiki ke hālāwai me 2 carduelis me ka kala like o ka plumage.

Noho ka carduelis maʻamau ma Europe, Western Asia, North Africa a me Western Siberia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole makemake i ka frost, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hoʻoilo o ka carduelis ma ka home, e neʻe kokoke ana i nā noho. Hoʻopau ʻo Carduelis i nā mea ulaula make e ke hilinaʻi ʻana ma nā hua lāʻau ʻōpiopio, a me nā hua lāʻau, me ke ʻano o ka hoki, i hōʻole ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka inoa inoa ʻōiwi o kēia manu ululāʻau - ʻo ka moa moa Farani, a i ʻole ka manu uwila Finnish - ua kū mai ma muli o ke aniani (me ka nui o ka pua raspberry) i ka ulu ʻana o nā kāne. ʻO nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio kāne, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻike nui loa: ko lākou umauma, ke poʻo a me ke kua i poni ʻia nā eleele ʻeleʻele.

Ke ulu nei ʻo Schur mai kahi mākaʻa, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia a paʻa ʻia me kahi beak nui ke ākea, e kōkua ana e huki i nā hua mai nā cones a me nā haki hua. ʻOi aku paha ʻo Schur i nā nāhelehele konifous e mālama pinepine i nā wao e pili ana i ka inoa ʻo "Ki-Ki-Ki", ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia. Hoʻoikaika pū ʻia ka uē nui o ka "pew-li" a i ʻole i ka wā mākaukau, hoʻololi ʻia i nā tril sonorous.

Pīhā pinepine ʻia ʻo Schur me kahi kīlepa ma muli o ke kīpē ʻana o nā umauma umauma a pili i ka lehu mauna. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Schur, ʻaʻole e like me ka bullfinch, makemake i nā kaʻina wai ma kahi o ka wā kau: ʻōlelo lākou ua ʻike ʻia nā manu e ʻā ana i waena o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO Schur me nā pilikia e hoʻohana i ka pio, akā, auwe, hōʻole i ka hoʻohuli.

Aliʻi ʻulaʻula

Kuhi ʻia me nā manu ʻoi loa (he 10 cm) nā manu o ʻEulopa a me ka manu lele o Luxembourg. ʻAe ka mōʻī i kona inoa i ke kaula gula, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao, e like me ka lei i ʻike ʻia, akā ma ke poʻo. ʻO ka "lei" (ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kāne a me ka melemele i ka wahine) ke kū nei i ka pāpale ʻeleʻele ma luna o ke poʻo, a piha ia i ka ʻōpio.

ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka plumage e like me ka siskin he lāʻau ʻoliva, a ʻo ke ʻano o ke kino e like me ka hele ʻana o ke ʻano he kino spherical ia, he poʻo nui me ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī ʻole a me kahi ʻoi pōkole.

Hōʻalo ka mōneka ʻulaʻula i nā nahele kanu coniferous / hui ʻia (a me nā mea i ke kūpaʻa ʻiga), a me nā māla a me nā māla e ulu ai nā kumulāʻau kahiko. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manu ʻona, kokoke i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo. Ua like ka like me ke ʻano o ke ola: me lākou, holo pū ka mōʻī o ka mōʻī ma luna o nā palena o nā biotopes puaʻa.

Ma ka ʻōpū, ʻike like nā aliʻi i ka wā e paʻa ai lākou i ka lei aliʻi. Ma aneʻi nō lākou i ka pilima mai ka lālā i ka lālā, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano pose, me ke ʻano hoʻi. Paule a ka mōʻī a hiki ke pani i kahi kanaka kokoke ʻia, akā ʻaʻole ma ka manawa hana.

Magpie

ʻO ka manu o kaʻao me kahi kūlike, ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, hoʻonani ʻia i nā mele, nā moʻolelo a me nā kakaka. Kau like nā kāne a me nā kāne i nā ala like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope he metala ʻalike (ʻōmaʻomaʻo / violet) luster o kahi kahe e kime ana i ka lele.ʻO ka ʻeleʻele a me nā wāwae o ka Magpie, ʻeleʻele, a ke keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo e uhi ana i kona mau ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū, ka poʻohiwi a me ke kua i lalo.

Ke paona nei kekahi manu makua mai ka 200 a 300 g me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēhe he 19-22 cm a kahi huelo a hiki i 22-31 cm.

Noho ʻo Magpies ma kahi'āpana liʻiliʻi, e hele ana i kekahi manawa i kahiʻu nui a hiki i 200 mau kanaka. ʻO kēia mau manu anu hoʻoilo ma kekahi mau wahi he nui wale nō, akā ʻehā naʻe i nā megacities a me nā kūlanakauhale nui.

No ke koho pinepine ʻana i ka hana:

• coniferous a me nā ʻōpala i hui ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao
• māla a me nā kumulāʻau
• nā māka wao nahele
• pua nui nui.

ʻAʻole makaʻu nā magpie i nā kuahiwi, ma kahi e loaʻa ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.52.6 km ma luna o ke kai o ka moana, ʻo ka maʻamau ka mamao ma mua o ka wai. Na ka ʻai anuanu i ka hehi ʻana i nā mahina ʻai, nā mokukū a me nā ʻona ʻāina ʻāina.

Ika tit

ʻAʻole wale ka nui loa, akā ʻo ka nui loa o nā ʻano hepe gen, i kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ka tit nui nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi puaʻa i ka nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nani o ka plumage - ke lei ʻia ka pale ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo o kahi kanaka nui, ʻāwīwī ʻia ke ʻūhā ʻalani e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻāʻī ʻāleʻa mai ka umauma a me ka huelo, ʻāpī ʻia nā papalina i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā leka ma mua o nā wahine.

He maʻamau nui ka tit i Eurasia, ka Middle East a me ka ʻĀkau o ʻApelika. Ke noho nei kēlā mau manu keu a ikaika e pili ana i nā kānaka (i loko o nā māla, nā ʻāpana a me nā paka), a me nā ʻūhā, ma nā puʻu liʻiliʻi a ma ka ulu lāʻau māmā.

He ʻaha nui ka tit tit a ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e hānai ana i nā moa)

• ʻūhā a me nā ʻūhihi,
• nahe, a me nā mea aloha,
• nā kiʻi a me nā ʻōpio,
• ʻO nā makika a me nā mea lele, lele
• hua a ka melemeka, rye, ka palaoa, ka palaoa a me nā oats,
• mau huaʻaka / huaʻawa o ka birch, linden, maple, elderberry a me nā mea ʻē aʻe,
• nā lau liʻiliʻi.

ʻO Bolshaki, ka hapanui kāne kāne, he mau mele maikaʻi me nā ʻano he 40 like me ko lākou arsenal. Hīmeni lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e kū mālie wale nō i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo.

Mālama

He manu ʻolua maikaʻi loa me kahi kikoʻī, a aneane ʻike ʻole i ka lele. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoiai ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ʻāhinahina ʻāpana nā lua. He ʻulaʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻiliʻula a me ka uhi, ʻoniʻoni, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula ma luna o nā ʻēheu a kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e kū kūʻē i kahi ulaula maʻamau-hina.

Nui aku ka wili i nā nahele o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā māla a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, kahi e lele ai i nā keke he mau haneli, he haneli a he mau tausani paha nā manu. ʻO ka meaʻai maʻamau ka hoʻoilo no ka wili. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka ʻohi, ua ʻai nā manu i ka ʻaleka, ua kū ka ʻīlio, ka elderberry, nā huaʻai jida a me nā hua pā.

He mea nui ia. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma Waxworms i kahi ʻāina inā momona ia i ka meaʻai. A i ʻole, holo mai nā ʻohana manu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke neʻe nei ma kahi mamao loa.

ʻO ka mea ʻilihune i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu lāʻau hihiu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wīwī hoʻoilo i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale. Noho ʻaole nā ​​manu, a ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa i nā hua ʻai, e hāʻawi i ka pālahalaha ʻana o nā mea ʻai i ʻai ʻia.

Aeto owl

ʻO paha kahi mea kupanaha maikaʻi loa mai ke ʻano o nā ʻūpē, ke ʻano nani o ka kino - he kino ʻūhā nui, nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, nā “pepeiao ʻōpiopio” ma nā hulu ākea ma mua o nā maka a me ka plumage mottled mottled. Huli ke poʻo ʻōlolo i kona poʻo 270 kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke lele mālie ma waena o nā kumulāʻau.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu ʻōlima ʻē wale nō ʻaʻole i ka nui o Eurasia, akā no ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (a hiki i ka 15th paralel). He manu hoʻoilo hoʻoilo maʻamau e hilinaʻi nei i nā ʻano biotopes, mai ka taiga a i ka wao nahele, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā mahiʻai a hiki i nā māla o ke kūlanakauhale.

ʻO ka makemake nui o ka ʻaeto manu he nui a hoʻopili ʻia nā vertebrates a me nā invertebrates:

• rodents
• like-rani
• martyrs
• keiki o ka poʻe hewa
• he ʻedehehog, e ʻai pinepine ana i nā ʻōpala,
• hulu manu
• iʻa
• nā reptiles a me nā amphibians.

ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka haehae i ke koho ʻana i kahi meaʻai, maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kekahi mau ʻano a i kekahi ʻano a makemake i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka nui.

Pākuʻi ʻia ka makemake meaʻai i ka wahi. No laila, ʻo nā mau ʻoni o ka moku'āina o Rogaland e kālele ana i nā baki mauʻu (a hiki i 45% o kaʻai).

He leo nui a ka ʻāʻī a me nā mea waiwai nui - mai nā hoots e hoʻomaopopo ana a me nā ʻakaʻaka i ka uē a me ka ʻakaʻaka.Ma ke ala, ʻōlelo ka mea hope ʻaʻole hauʻoli ka manu, akā hopohopo.

Jana

ʻO ka manu, nāna i loaʻa ka inoa mai ka huaʻōlelo Lūkia kahiko "wana", e wehewehe ana i kona ʻano wela a me ka plumage nani, ke kala beige i hoʻopili ʻia e ka uliuli, keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā ʻēheu. Ma ke kaupaona ke kaupaona ʻana he 200 g ke kiʻekiʻe a 40 cm a pānaʻi ʻia me kahi perky crest e piʻi ana i ka wā he māka.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka beak koi koi ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua paʻakikī, nā ʻoka a me nā huaʻai. Mau nā ʻai (nā hua, nā hua a me nā hua) i loko o ke ka papa jay, hoʻonui ʻia me nā protein holoholona, ​​e like me:

• nā pepeke a me nā ʻoliki,
• invertebrates, hei ʻā, he ʻōpala,
• mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi
• Iihilihi
• baki
• hua manu a me nā moa.

He nui ka manawa o ka jay, noho kāʻei loa i loko o ʻEulopa, ʻApelika ʻAmelika a me Asia Minor. Noho ka lāʻau i loko o Caucasus, i Kina a me Iapana, Mongolia a me Korea, Siberia a me Sakhalin. Kūleʻa ʻo Jays i nā ulu lāʻau (coniferous, deciduous a hui ʻia), hāʻawi ana i nā makemake nui i nā ʻoka lāʻau. ʻAʻole hilahila ka manu mai nā mākia i haʻalele ʻia, a me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe (maʻa mau ma ka hema).

Cedar

He ʻohana ia o ka ʻohana corvé. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nei mai ka mamao aku o kēia manu 30-centimeter hiki ke hoʻopau hewa loa i kahi kaʻe. Ma kahi kokoke, ʻaʻole kue ka hui ʻana a ka poʻe kuʻina i ka puʻu ʻōlapa ʻia i ke kala i ke kala ʻana - ʻaʻole ke poʻo ke poʻo a me ke kino kedera ʻulaʻula, akā he brown, me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻike ʻia, a ʻo kahi aniani ʻeleʻele e kūlike me ke keʻokeʻo. He palupalu ka dimorphism seksual: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a liʻiliʻi a loaʻa nā wahi blurry i ke kino.

Noho ka pa nahele pine mai Scandinavia a Iapana, e koho ana i nā mānoʻu taiga no ka hana ʻana, nui nā kumu lāʻau sedera. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu i nā palu koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai inā e emi ana ka pākela ma lalo o kahi mau minuke 40 degere Celsius.

ʻO nā huahana e like me:

• acorns
• conicalous / deciduous pua hua,
• Nā huaʻai Hazel
• nā huaʻala
• hōʻano liʻiliʻi.

Hōʻailona ka ʻōpala pine, e like me nā corvés āpau: ʻohi i nā nati, hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā mea palupalu, a waiho pū hoʻi i ka ua nui, e hūnā ana i nā ʻuʻu, ma lalo o ka hale o nā hale a e kanu ana paha i ka lepo.

I kekahi manawa, lawe ka manu i ka 100 ʻōlapa pine, e waiho ana iā lākou i loko o kahi pēke hyoid.

Noho ka nahele ʻo Cedar i ka manawa hoʻokahi a i nā ʻohana hipa, e neʻe ana i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i ka wā e pau ai ka hānai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui ʻohana a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola.

ʻĀpō keʻokeʻo

ʻOi aku ka nui a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mau manu ʻē aʻe e noho ana i nā tundra, a ʻo nā wahine o nā ʻano manu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā moʻolelo, e ulu ana i 70 cm me ke kaumaha o 3-3.2 kg. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola nā manu ola i kahi manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i 30 mau makahiki, akā he hapa ka hapa o ka hihiu.

Kūpono ke poʻo o kahi pāpala polar, a plumage e kāʻili ana ma waena o nā maka, he keʻokeʻo me nā ʻula. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku ka lewa ma mua o nā wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio me kahi nui o nā hōʻailona mottled. ʻEleʻele nā ​​maka, ʻeleʻele ka pīpī me ka hulu hulu-hulu, nā hulu hulu i nā wāwae i heʻe ʻia i ka "cosmas", hiki i nā eheu ka 1,7 m.

ʻO kahi ʻōlena polar, ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia he mau manu wuhiku, e kū ana i nā māka ākea, e like me ke kānāwai, nā tundra, ʻaʻole ka nui - i ka ʻōhū a me ka nahele-tundra.

Noho ia ma Eurasia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Greenland a ma nā mokupuni hoʻokahi o ke Kai Kūʻai. Noho kekahi ma ka ʻūhā, hōʻalo i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, kahi ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana - mai ka lepo, e noho ana ma kahi puʻu. Mai laila, ʻike ʻo ia i nā ka ʻona a, ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea make, lele ke alo iā ia, me ka lele nui ʻana i kona mau eheu e pana i nā kī nui i kona kua.

I loko o ka ʻai ʻana o kahi ʻoki keʻokeʻo e noho ana nā mea ola:

• nā mea hao, pinepine ka lemmings,
• hares me nā pikas,
• ermines
• kauōlani
• kāhea a me nā keu
• kahaha
• iʻa a me ka kalaiapo.

Hoʻomau nā mea pāʻani i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi, nui - lawe ia i ka pūnana a ʻai iā ia, e ʻoki ana iā ia i nā ʻāpana. ʻO nā koi i kēlā me kēia lā he ʻehā rodents. Holo aku ka polar owela ma hope o ke ao a me ka lā, e lele ana mai kā lākou pūnana. Ma waho o ka wā e hoʻoulu ai, noho mālie nā ʻānena keʻokeʻo, akā i ka manawa ʻē aʻe e uakiʻi, ʻuwā koke, ʻāʻī a me ka ʻili.

Na mela

Hōʻike lākou i ka ʻohana pigeon a noho kokoke i ke kanaka, nāu ʻia i ka poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe, me kaʻole o ka Arctic a me Antarctic.ʻO ka paona o nā pigeons maoli e pili pū me nā ʻano a ʻokoʻa mai 0.2 a i 0.65 kg. He ʻokoʻa nā palige me ka hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona - hiki i nā manu ke ulaula, peach a i ʻole nā ​​kala he nui, e like me ka ʻōpala. I kekahi manawa ua kulu ʻia nā hulu, a ʻimi ʻia, a i ʻole ka ʻōmole huluhulu.

ʻO nā pigeons, ka mea nui o nā kūlanakauhale, aneane lākou i nā ʻōpala. Ma ka laulā, ka papa ʻaina o nā pigeons maoli o:

• mau huaʻala a me nā huaʻala
• nā huaʻai a me nā hua waina
• pepona.

ʻO ka maʻalahi o nā pigeons ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana ʻono - 37 wale nō ʻo 10 mau mea he 10 mau mea i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka.

No ke aha e lele ai lākou i hema

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka poʻe e noho nei no ka hoʻoilo e ola lākou i ke anuanu. ʻO ka mea laʻana, e ʻai ana kekahi ʻona i nā amphibians a me nā pepeke. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻohe mea o laila - ʻo ia ka mea o ke poʻo hina, e noho ana ma ke ala waena, e koi mau ana i ka makahiki i ke kūkulu hema, e like me ka nui o nā kumulāʻau i mea make huakai: ʻo ka ona, nā flycatcher, a me ka lark.

I waena o nā mea hoʻohālike, aia ka nui o nā mea koho a me nā phytophages hiki keʻai i ka ʻili, nā cones, nā hua kanu, nā hua hoʻoilo - ʻaʻole pono lākou e hele. Hoʻolaha nā ʻelele he nui o nā hui i nā kumukūʻai i nā hollows a me nā crevice. ʻO nā manu ululima, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhi i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka lele: partridge, grouse black, a me ka pelekikena hazel e lele ʻole i kahi ʻē.

He aha ka mea e hoʻoilo ai i ka hoʻoilo

A ʻae kekahi manu ʻoi i ka frosts paʻakikī. Hoʻoulu ka hau anuanu ma waena o nā hulu i ka wā o ka lele, ma muli o kahi o ka pichuga e hoʻokuʻu koke. He mea paʻakikī loa ia i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ma ka poʻe e ʻai ana i nā hua a me nā mea kanu. A laila hele i ke ʻano o ka beak ka mea hoʻopakele - hiki iā ia ke lōʻihi ka lawe i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka pā hau, a i ʻole ka ikaika a me ka puʻu, e kōkua ana i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua mai nā cones. A ʻoi aku ka pili pono o nā hulu a me ka fluff e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela o ke kino.

Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mau manu e hoʻohana i nā pono āpau o ke kokoke ʻana i ke kanaka. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ola ka honu manu o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka manuahi. Ke lele nei lākou i nā mea hānai kūikawā no nā meaʻai, bask ma kahi kokoke i nā hale, ma lalo o nā hale a me nā ʻoka papa. Ua kapa ʻo Ornithologists i kēia subset o nā synanthropes sedentary.

ʻOkoʻa mai ka migratory

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka meaʻai i loko o kēia mau hui ʻelua. He manu hoʻoluʻu ʻia nā manu, ma ke ʻano wela o ke kino 41 ° C hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i nā momona nui ma Siberia a me ka Lāuaʻo Altai. Eia nō, e ola i ke anuanu, pono lākou e ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a no laila e ʻai nā meaʻai.

No laila, e hānai ana nā mea kanu wai i nā mea ʻai kai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā pepeke manuahi e hoʻoili i ka hele ʻana i ka makahiki i ke ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻaʻole i pau nā kānaka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. No laila lākou e noho nei ma nā wahi paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻia kekahi o lākou (e like me ke kaliki ʻaina, capercaillie, etc.) no kēlā huakaʻi lōʻihi a me ka nalowale o ko lākou mau kānaka i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ana e lele i kahi mokulele e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻoilo nui ʻana ma ka laulā maʻamau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona

ʻO nā manu hoʻoilo i kā lākou anatomy ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau migratory a i ʻole.

Ua ʻike ʻia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lolo a me ka hana ʻano maikaʻi, i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lolo o ka poʻe hele.

Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou ʻano kino, streamlines, ʻoiai i hiki ke lilo i ʻoi ʻia ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka ʻili o nā manu nā mea hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe, aia hoʻokahi wale nō, i lalo o kēia pūʻulu, coccygeal. ʻO nā hulu hoʻoilo he paʻa a he pāpaʻi; paʻa ka palekana mai ke anuanu. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā pākeke a ʻaʻohe moana. ʻO ka sternum a me ka protrusion kūikawā (keel) o ia mau manu he liʻiliʻi ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Akā ʻo nā lālā nui (partridge a me ke kaʻo ʻoihana keʻake) i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpū o nā wāwae.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ʻia e kahi goiter-sac i hoʻokau ʻia ʻia ma ka hope o ka esophagus, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka lāʻau kemika o ka meaʻai paʻa i ka granivores. He kino ʻino nā hakahaka, a e lawe ʻia ke kaʻina o ka hanu ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻeke a ka ea.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana kaomi ma mua o nā momi, ua māhele ʻia ka naʻau i nā wahi venous a me arterial. Mālama ʻia ke ʻano kino o ke kino i ka pae mau ʻole ma lalo o 38 ° C, a i kēlā me kēia mau ʻano e pono ke kū i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i 43 ° C.

Pigeon

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano mea maʻamau o ka synanthropes. I kēia manawa, nui ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka e noho i nā hale nui a me nā hale liʻiliʻi: nā kūlanakauhale, nā kauhale, nā kauhale. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa a kaulana hoʻi ka ʻuʻuku hina.

ʻO ia ka manu i uku ʻia - ʻo kona koʻikoʻi ua hiki i ka 650 gram. He mea hoʻohanohano i ka meaʻai - hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā hua, cereals, nā mea kanu, nā hua ono a me nā hūnā mai nā waʻa ota. He ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka makaʻala a a hilinaʻi ma ka ʻano: he keokeo, a he ʻulaʻula, a me nā aniani, a me nā ʻano ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka subspecies hina hina e ka pua ʻaʻala-hina. Māhala ʻia nā wahi āpau koe wale ʻo Antarctica.

Tit

ʻIke ʻia e nā mea āpau a kēia ʻano manu ʻānō i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻAʻole kona lōʻihi i ka loa o 17 cm, ʻo 20 weight, 20 mau mika, mau onapanika - awelika o 25 cm. Eia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka titima nui, ʻāpana uliuli he liʻiliʻi iki. Ke nānā nei kona helehelena hāmole: he poʻo poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻaukā keʻokeʻo, kahi umauma melemele a me nā ʻēheu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia kahi ʻāpana ma ka māhele o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

I ke kauwela, ua ʻai ka manu i nā pōpoki pepeke, i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo i hoʻololi i nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hōʻole loa i kahi ʻāpana palani, no ka mea ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana hānai.

Hoʻolaha gula

He manu liʻiliʻi o ka melemele beige ʻulaʻula, ma ke poʻo o kekahi mau ʻāpana aia kahi pāpale ʻulaʻula. Noho ana ʻo Carduelis ma nā kula o nā ululāʻau, nā paka a me nā poli. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi i kahi haʻahaʻa a hiki i nā kahe - he 12 cm wale nō, a kaupaona ke 20 g. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ʻEulopa, Russia, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻākau.

ʻO nā mea kanu e like me ka burdock a me ka linnet e makemake ʻia, akā ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hua ʻelua a me nā cereal i kā lākou waihona hānai. Hoʻopau maʻalahi ʻo Goldfinch i ke ola ma ka noho pio ʻana - i kēia manawa ua loaʻa ia kaulana ia e like me ka holoholona ma muli o kona nani a kupaianaha, hīmeni mele.

Aliʻi ʻulaʻula

ʻO Birdie, maikaʻi loa i Belarus. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manu ʻuʻuku o ʻEulopa a me Rūsia. Me ka lōʻihi o 10 cm, ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka laha o ke aliʻi i ka g 8. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka plumage e nā kumu ʻoliva-beige, ma ke poʻo aia kahi mālamalama ʻulaʻula i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka inoa o nā ʻano.

Noho ka mōʻī ma luna o nā lāʻau koniferous maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e koho i ka meaʻai - ʻai ʻo ia i nā cereals, nā mea kanu, nā mea hua aku. I ke kauwela, heʻimi nei ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kekahi manu lele mea paʻakikī loa, paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana i nā lālā lāʻau.

Nā moʻolelo

Kūlike ʻole ka stereotype e lanakila ana ma ka palapala moʻomeheu o nā keiki, nā manu, nā manuahi a me nā mea hani keu. He manu noho manu ʻai mea noho nei i nā ulu lāʻau, a ʻo ka puʻu hoʻi kahi i noho mamao ʻole mai kahi moʻomeheu. I ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea mua ma mua o ka mea hope - ke ulu ana kona ulu a 60 cm (10 cm mau), a ʻoi aku kona paona ma mua o ka "urbanized" breed e 500-700 g - a hiki i 1.5 kg. Hōʻike ʻia nā manu ʻelua i ka plumage karbon-ʻeleʻele a me kahi beak hina elongated. Loaʻa ʻo Raven i nā wahi āpau, me ka ʻike ʻole o ka Hema ʻAmelika Hema a me Aotearoa. Noho ka Crow wale ma ʻEulopa Hikina, waena o Rūsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

Kahi mana nā kūloko o nā corvids, akā kokoke i ka wānana. ʻAi lākou i nā passerines a finch a me nā mamalia liʻiliʻi hoʻi.

Nā ʻahu lāʻau

Noho nā Woodpeckers i nā ululāʻau o Eurasia, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika ʻelua. He ʻokoʻa paha kona kala, akā ʻo ka laulā maʻamau nā ʻano loiloi he ʻano ʻulaʻula, he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo, ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me nā pāpālina. ʻO ka hana nui o ka poʻe loina manu e huki ana i nā kumulāʻau i nā lāʻau a ʻohiʻohi i nā kālā no ka hoʻoilo i mālama ʻia i loko o kēia mau pu. Mālama lākou i nā hua kanu, cereals a me nā kinikona. I ke kauwela, he hopu wale ia i nā ʻāina; ʻo kekahi manawa aihue ia i nā hua mai nā nests o nā manu liʻiliʻi.

E noho ana ma Rūsia

Ma Lūkini, aia ma mua o 70 mau ʻano o nā manu i hoʻonoho ʻia.

Ke loaʻa nei nā phytophages i loko o ka Mosia: loaʻa i ka crossbill, waxwing, Muscovite, keka'ōmaʻomaʻo, Schur, a me nā karnivore: ʻUwī a me ka ʻue. Ua lilo ka ʻāina ʻo Leningrad i home greenfinch, hina hina, European blackfinch, a me ka curler.

He waiwai nui nā wahi o Voronezh i nā ʻaeto, nā aeto gula, nā palahala a me nā ʻanuʻu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu ʻona ʻole e noho nei: gadget, ʻeleʻele, nā ʻoka. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina Nizhny Novgorod, loaʻa nā nuthatch, redstart, finch, hazel grouse, a me ka ʻulaʻula ulaula.

I loko o nā Urals aia kekahi kīleʻa tapahi, nā ʻāpana, nā ʻaila gula, nā mea wele, a me nā māka lāʻau. Noho ʻia ʻo Bashkiria e ka ʻeleʻele nui me ka ʻūhā, ka ʻūhā, ka kuʻu, a me ka hopena. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo East East, loaʻa he wild-boar, osprey, loonie, zuiki.

No ke aha e hānai ai i nā manu i ka hoʻoilo

Ma mua o nā kenekulia he nui o ke ola, hoʻopili ʻia me nā kānaka, ʻaʻole i aʻo ka nui o nā manu hoʻoilo e hoʻohana i nā manawa āpau i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia wahi, akā ua lilo no hoʻi i ka moʻomeheu. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Pepeluali, pōkole nā ​​manu a me ka pōloli. Ke hānai nei i nā manu i nā manawa anuanu, kōkua ke kanaka iā lākou e ola i ke anuanu, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokūkū hou i ka ikehu.

E like me ke kāhiko lole luna, nā hua manina, nā ʻami, ka millet, ka lard, nā hua malo malohele nā ​​kūpono - pono ʻole a pau ka lōkō a me ka ulu ʻole. He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopiha i nā mea hānaiʻai i hoʻokahi mau hola ma mua o ka pouli me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā papa i ka hiki ke ʻimi no ka ʻai a i ka manawa like ʻole e hele i ka hiamoe pōloli.

ʻO ka waiwai o ka hoʻoilo no nā kānaka

E hana nā mea hoʻonoho i nā hana koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano maoli, he mau ʻona maikaʻi no ke kanaka. No laila, ʻo ka hopu ʻana iā lākou i nā pōʻino manu, mālama i ka hua a pale i ka hohola ʻana i nā maʻi ma o ke koko. ʻO ka ʻai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua kanu, nā mea hoʻoilo ke lawe iā lākou ma luna o nā mamao mamao loa, e kōkua ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā poʻe scavengers (Magpie, crow and jay) ke ʻano o nā huahana decomposition nui loa.

Nā manu ʻōiwi manu hoʻoilo

Hōʻāua nā manu hoʻoilo no ka mea hoʻoilo he wā paʻakikī ia no ka hoʻoilo. Mai ke kakahiaka a i ka pō ke pono e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, ʻoiai ka mea mālama maikaʻi ʻia e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoulu hou i ka wela, ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu. Ma nā anu anu kaʻai nui, hoʻāʻo nā manu e lele ʻole, no laila e ʻimi lākou i ka ʻai i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me ka ʻāina. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia mau manu e noho wale ana i nā manawa maʻamau e hiki ke holo i nā holoholona.

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Nā papa inoa manu hoʻoilo

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He ʻano liʻiliʻi a hina ʻole ka manu hina. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo nā manu ʻōpio e lele kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale a i ke kauhale i mea e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai no lākou iho i waena o nā kānaka. Hōʻalo nā manu liʻiliʻi i nā pūʻulu, no laila inā loaʻa i kahi manu hoʻokahi ka meaʻai, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kāhea i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomau i ka mahana i ka pō hoʻoilo, noho ka manu ma ka lālani a hoʻololi i nā wahi a hoʻoluʻolu i ka huli.

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Pigeon

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Ma muli o ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā wāwae, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka manu pige e noho ma luna o kahi lāʻau. I ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole pimical kēia manu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka pigeons ko lākou pili i ko lākou wahi e noho ai.

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I ka hāʻule, e lele nā ​​kunu no nā wahi pōkole ma ke kūkulu hema. Hele mai nā ʻīlio Pokukala ma Kharkov, a ma Moscow he mau ʻolua ʻo Arkhangelsk. Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, e noho mau ka manuahi i kāna pūnaewele. I ka hoʻoilo, huli nā manu i kahi ala o ke ola a mālama i nā holoholona.

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Klest

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ʻO kēia manu ʻākau, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke lele ma luna o nā wahi lōʻihi. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā crossbills i ka hau a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kū'ē i ka anuanu e hiki ai i nā manu ke hoʻopili i nā hua manu a i ka wā maikaʻiʻole. Ua hanohano lākou i kā lākou mau nule me ka moss a me ka lauoho holoholona.

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Pūʻiwa

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Ma Lūkia, hana nui lākou i nā nāhele pihi kokoke i nā muliwai, a noho nō hoʻi i nā kūlanakauhale. Noho nā Bullfinches i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Aia ma nā kūlanakauhale, ʻai lākou i ka lehu mauna a me nā hua ʻalā, a me nā hua.

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Tit

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ʻAʻole ia e lilo i lāʻau ʻai no ka hoʻoilo, no laila ua paʻakikī ia iā ia e hoʻomalo i ka lā anuanu. ʻO ka pinepine loa, ola kēia mau manu i ka hoʻoilo wale nō ma o ka hānai ʻia e nā kānaka. Makemake lākou i ka lard, nā hua maloʻo, nā ʻano a me nā hua.

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Nā Waiho

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He mau manu a ʻike kēia mau manu i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hele i nā hua, nā ʻala a me nā hua.I ka wā anuanu, hōʻuluʻulu lākou i nā hipa a wele ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.

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Jana

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ʻAi nā manu Nomadic i nā mea kanu a me ka meaʻai holoholona. Hiki i nā mea ʻai no ka hoʻoilo ma ke ʻano o nā hua o nā acorns.

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Magpie

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ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka waiho ʻana i nā mea hānai. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka nohona noho maʻalahi a ʻaʻole lākou e hele i kahi mamao loa i ka nano i nā kau anuanua.

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Hoʻolaha gula

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Hiki i nā manu Sedentary ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka wahi ke hiki ke hele a mākaʻi no ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai a lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā pālani.

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Cedar

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I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nui nā manu ma nā lāʻau keda a me nā hua ʻē aʻe. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka nele o ka meaʻai.

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Owl

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I nā ʻōpiopio koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā ʻānela ke neʻe i nā kūlanakauhale a me ka hopu i nā manu liʻiliʻi. Hana kēia mau manu i nā mea e ai ai i ka hoʻoilo i kā lākou mau ihu.

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Nā Nuthatch

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Hōʻike ʻia kēia manu hoʻoilo e thrifty. ʻAʻole ʻike ka nuthatch i ke kō o ka ʻai i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama i nā hua, nā ʻala a me nā hua. Hoʻopau ka manu i ka meaʻai i loko o kona wahi.

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Nā Hoʻomaka

Ua kū i kēia mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau. E kamailio ana nā manu e hānau i Lūkia, a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā mea hoʻowalewale, ʻike ʻia e ʻano pū lākou a hoʻoulu hou i nā hua i loko o ke anuanu o ke kanakolu!

A ma ka manawa like, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi "mele aku i ke hau." ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā crossbills ke ulana wale i ka hoʻoilo, akā i ke kauwela. I ka noho ʻana o ka wahine i luna o nā hua, ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō ke loaʻa o ka meaʻai a puni he mea nui ia.

ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke kino o ke kaʻe o ka pākeke he 20 cm i ka lōʻihi, e kaupaona nei kekahi kanaka ma kahi o 50 pāleka. ʻO nā wahine i ka makahiki ʻekolu o lākou he mau pua hina-hina me ka yellowness, a ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kāne.

E hānai nā kaʻa i nā hua o nā cones. Lawe nā manu i nā meaʻai e hoʻohana ana i kahi beak piko. Wahi a nā makemake feed e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi crossbill-spruce a me kahi crossbill-pine. ʻApili ʻia hoʻi lākou e like me nā hōʻailona o waho.

ʻAʻole i loaʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka crossbill. He kamaʻāina maoli kēia.

ʻAʻole pena like ka pena me nā kāne nā crossbills wahine

Nā Nuthatch

ʻO ka inoa lua o kēia manu liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka pū. No nā ʻohana o ka nuthatch, pālahalaha i konifous, deciduous a hui pū ʻia o nā ulu lāʻau o ke kikowaena o Rūsia a me Siberia. Hānau pū ʻo Nuthatch i nā paka a me nā māla o nā kahua. No laila, hiki i ka nuthatch ke kau ʻia i nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻano ʻona kauhale i ka hoʻoilo ma Rusia.

Ua kapa ʻia nā manu iā nuthatch no kā lākou hana kupaianaha e piʻi i kahi lāʻau lāʻau, e hoʻopili mau ana i kā lākou mau ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, ʻōpiopio pinepine kēlā mau manu i kahi pahuhū me nā poʻo o lākou.

Kāhea ʻia ka mea hoʻokele nuthatch no kā lākou hiki ke hana i nā leo kani like me kahi lulu o ka ʻōlelo. Loaʻa nā kani like i ka wā e hoʻokele ai kahi kanaka i kahi lio. Akā ʻaʻole lākou wale nā ​​mele. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka repertoire a Nuthatch. E hīmeni nui kēia manu kanikani i ka wā o ka hana ʻana: i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā ʻulu mua.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o nuthatch

ʻAno lākou i ka hua o ke kuahiwi, e noho ana ma nā wahi kahiko o ka ulu lāʻau no ia mea, ai ʻike ʻole i nā hollows kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i noho ʻia e kekahi - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hakahaka i kahi pā hale no lākou iho. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻalo i nā nuthatchs a me nā ʻano hollows.

Mālama ke kumu lāʻau i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Mālama ka manu mālama mālama i nā lako no ka "ka lā", e hūnā ana i ka nui o ka ʻai i loko o nā ʻatikala o nā kumulāʻau a kuʻi ʻo i nā "cops" me ka lichen a i ʻole kahi.

Ua loaʻa i ka manu kona inoa no ka hiki i ka hiki ke akaka pono me nā lāʻau i lalo i lalo

A me- nā manu e waiho nei i ka hoʻoilo waena o Rusia? Heʻoiaʻiʻo, nā ʻāpana! ʻO kēia kahi mea ʻeleu no ka palapala kauoha ʻohana no Passeriformes. He kamaʻāina kēia o nā ulu lāʻau coniferous. Hoʻomaʻa ka siskin i nā pepeke a me nā hua kanu, hilinaʻi i ka manawa.

Hoʻokumu wale nā ​​paila i ka manawa hana. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāʻī ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ua haki ʻia nā ʻūpīkī i nā ʻohana me ka hūnā i nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā hau hau. No laila, ʻokaʻaka ʻia nā siskins i ka wā he hoʻoilo ma ka Lūkini.

Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka Chizhik-fawn i ke mele i ʻike ʻia e nā mea a pau. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻike ʻia kēia manu liʻiliʻi no kona ʻōpili, ka launa pū ʻana. Huli koke ʻo ia i loko o nā ʻano pahele, koke koke i ke pio ʻana, lilo i manual, a hoʻopiʻi wale i nā hua ma ke pio ʻana. ʻAi ʻo ia i loko o kahi kīla me nā hua canary, rapeseed, a me nā pala flax.

Me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻokoʻa, hiki i kahi kanaka ke aʻo i ka home siskin i nā ʻano heʻeke, ka hoʻopunipuni. No laila, ma nā mākeke manu, makemake pinepine ʻia kēia manu me nā poʻe e makemake ana i loaʻa ka hulu hulu.

Aliʻi ʻulaʻula

ʻO kēia kekahi mele mele hou mai nā ulu coniferous, ʻaʻole ka lele me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a, e like me ka nuthatch, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i luna i ka ʻōpala. Aia kekahi pūloko ma ke poʻo o ka manu, no laila i loaʻa ai kona inoa. A e kākau ʻia i loko o ke aliʻi, akā ʻaʻole i kūpono ka nui o ka manu. ʻO kahi nui o kahi pākē he nui a kahi dragonfly nona kēia mele mele ʻehiku ʻehiku. ʻAe, huna mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā maka haku.

He paʻakikī ke ʻike a ke aliʻi ma waena o nā kumulāʻau, akā maʻalahi ke lohe. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohilahila i kekahi mele maikaʻi o kahi lāʻau aloha lāʻau me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, kāna mau trills a me ka nui o nā mea he nui kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe e "kani" ana i ka wā hana, ua oli aku ke aliʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki.

E hoʻolohe aku i ke mele a ke aliʻi ʻoniʻoni

Kūkulu ʻia ka pū manu manu i ke ʻano o kahi pōpō lau nahele, fluff, moss, lichen, e paʻa ana i nā mea āpau me kahi ʻōpala. A laila e kau nā mākua i ka hale i ko lākou hale i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. I loko o ka pūnana i hoʻopiha nui ʻia, hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki e kūʻē i kekahi.

I mea e loaʻa ai ka mōʻī e like me ka mōʻī he paʻakikī paʻakikī. ʻIkeʻo ia i ka puʻupuʻu, a i loko o ka pio - picky e pili ana i ka ʻike. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka manawa i loko o ka hale lua, hōʻole ke aliʻi e mālama i ka ʻai a make i ka pōloli.

He liʻiliʻi ka manu, no laila paʻakikī ke ʻike pinepine iā ia i ka ulu lāʻau, akā maʻalahi ia e hoʻolohe ai

Nā Waiho

ʻO kēia manu liʻiliʻi ʻili mai ka ʻohana o nā passerines, ma kahi o 20 cm ka nui a me ke kaupaona ʻana he 60 g, hiki ke loaʻa i ka ululāʻau ʻo Rūsia. Ma ke poo o ka manu ka mea he mau pūnohu, nā maka, nā ʻēheu, goiter a me ka huelo ua puni ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻulaʻula i nā ʻēheu, a ma ka huelo aia ka laina melemele.

Ua loaʻa i ka pichuga kona inoa no kāna mau ʻimi kūlohelohe e like me nā leo: “Sviri-ri-ri-ri”. ʻO nā mea a pau i lohe i ke mele wili, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokūkū iā ia me nā manu ʻē aʻe.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o nā wīwī

He maʻamau nā Waxwings i nā nahele taiga o ka ʻākau ʻākau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i kahi hoʻokahi. Ua kapa ʻia lākou i ka nomadic, no ka mea e ʻimi mau nei lākou i ka meaʻai.

Cedar

ʻO ka inoa inoa no kēia manu o ka ʻohana corvidae he hua kahi. He liʻiliʻi iki ʻia ma mua o kahi jackdaw, akā he beak lōʻihi. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka lāʻau kedera e loaʻa i nā nati mai nā cones. Ke hūnā nei i ka meaʻai i loko o kahi pēke hyoid, hoʻololi ka manu i kāna pūnana.

I kekahi manawa, hiki i kekahi ke lawe i ka 100 o nā nati. A ʻo ke koena, ka mea a ka lāʻau kedera i ʻike ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo i loko o kāna ʻeke hyoid, ua hū ka manu i ka ʻāina 2-4 km i loko o nā hōkū o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki i pololei me ka lepo.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi e pili ana i ke kūlanakauhale o Tomsk i kahi monala i kahi pua manu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ka thrifty, ke kōkua ia e ulu i nā ulu coniferous. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā nati āpau i kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ke kumu e ulu mai kekahi o nā lako i ka pūnāwai.

Carduelis

ʻO ka inoa o kēia manu mai ka ʻohana finch, ua hui ʻia me ka ʻōlelo "goldfinch". Ua kūpono kēia, no ka mea e pono ai e nānā ʻia nā kāne nani. Hoʻohālikelike nā pale keʻokeʻo me ka lei ʻulaʻula o ke poʻo. Hoʻopau i ka pale ʻaina ulaula i ka beak conical lōʻihi e hoʻopau ana i ke kiʻi o kahi manu dapper.

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka Carduelis i ka nui nunui, ka mea e ulu ana lākou a hiki i 17 cm. ʻO ko lākou paona ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i 20 g. Akā, ʻo ka kaulana o drachunov i paʻa pū i nā manu. Ua mākaukau nā manu wiwoʻole e kaua no ko lākou ʻāina ʻaʻole i ke ola, akā no ka make.

No kēia mau manu nā hua kanu.ʻO ka hānai no ka carduelis he mau ʻano o ka mauʻu mauʻu, ma ka puʻu kikoʻī, kaomi, kaomi, ke aniani ʻeleʻele a me kekahi mau mea kanu. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā hua kanu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ʻimi nā manu i ka meaʻai ma nā mea kanu e kū pono ana i waena o nā pua.

He mea aloha ʻo Goldfinch i ke mele. I kāna repertoire aia nā ala o 20 o nā ʻano manuahi like ʻole. No kēia, makemake lākou e mālama iā ia i loko o kā lākou mau hale me ka holoholona.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo carduelis

A ʻo ke kelepona gula i ka hale, ke mālama pono ʻia, ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i kāna mau mea me nā mele ʻekikina a puni ka makahiki. Hiki i ke Carduelis ke noho pio ʻana a hiki i 20 mau makahiki!

Moscow

ʻO ka inoa ʻāpana o kēia manu liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele. I ke ʻano o ke ʻano, he ʻano like loa ia me ka tit maʻamau, akā he liʻiliʻi. A he mea hina kona umauma.

No ka ʻili uliuli a puni ka lāʻau, ua huli i loko o ka pāpale, kapa ʻia ka manu i kapa ʻia ʻo "mask." Akā ma hope ua hana hou lākou i ka ʻōlelo i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka Lūkini, i ʻike ʻia e hoʻi i ke kūlanakauhale nui o ka ʻāina - i Moscow.

Noho nā Muscovites i nā nahele coniferous. Akā me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka wā anuanu hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kokoke i nā mea hānai i nā māla a me nā māla.

ʻO ka inoa maoli o ka manu he mask, no ka plumage o kahi maka-like

ʻItslelo

Pīhoihoi kēia manu liʻiliʻi i ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hapalua kaukani o nā iniseti a me nā mea kiliki i ka lā. Ma muli o kēlā gluttony, ua lilo ia i mea pale nui o nā māla a me nā māla huaʻai. ʻIke akula nā kānaka iā ia a hoʻomaka i ka kia pale. I nā makahiki 17, ua noho nō kekahi kauoha aliʻi, ma kahi o ka mea pepehi kanaka e alo ai i kahi hoʻopaʻi koʻikoʻi.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua neʻe ka ʻili i kahi noho o ke kanaka, kahi e ʻai ai lākou i nā koena o ka ʻai a ke kanaka a me ka ʻahaʻaina i nā meaʻai i koe i nā mea i hana ʻia me nā canteens hulu. Hauoli nā haumāna e hoʻomākaukau i ka mea hānai no lākou.

Mea kupaianaha ia i loko o Lūkini hou, ua kiʻi ʻia nā tits. Ma ka lā 12 Nowemapa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Sinichkin Day ma ia ʻāina. Ma kekahi mau wahi (akā, ʻaʻole ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe) nā hui ʻana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā luna ma kēia manawa.

J mālie

No kēia ʻohana ka ʻohana o nā corvids o ke kauoha Passeriformes. Aia i ka lōʻihi o 34 cm, a ʻo kona kaumaha ua kokoke loa ia 180 g. Hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka inoa o ka manu i ka huaʻōlelo "kukui", no ka mea he nani loa nā lā. ʻO kāna plumage he tan, nā ʻēheu me nā puhaka keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula, a me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ma kona poʻo.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻo Jay ka hua ʻulaʻula, kōpū, cereal, acorns. ʻAʻole ʻai ka manu i nā hua oak a ʻoi, akā ua hoʻomākaukau pū kekahi i nā lako pono nona iho, ke kanu nei iā lākou i ka lepo. Pēlā, e hāʻawi ai i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā oaks i kahi.

Kāne ʻo Jay. Hoʻohui i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi holoholona i kāna meaʻai: ka pipi, nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā moa o nā manu ʻē aʻe, hua. A eia kēia ma kahi o nā pepeke a me kā lākou kamaʻilio. Aia nā hihia i hele mai ka jay i nā manu makua, pepehi ia a ʻai ʻia.

Mahele nui ka hulu. He paʻakikī ke hopu a ʻike wale ʻia, no laila deftly hūnā ʻo ia i waena o nā kumulāʻau. Akā hiki hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe. ʻOiai ka pilikia ma aneʻi: ke kani mele ʻole kahi jay i kona mau mele ponoʻī, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopalike ai i nā leo ʻē aʻe o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe: nightingale trill, puʻuwā a nā ʻīlio, kūlio paha nā ʻīlio a me nā puka pu.

Ma nā nahele taiga, nā manu liʻiliʻi nane o ka ʻohana finch, ʻo ka Schur, ola. ʻO ka nui o kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana me nā nui o nā hōkū. No kā lākou ʻōniʻoniʻo (nā ʻōpala raspberry a me nā kua, hina ʻōpū, ʻeleʻele a me ke aniani ʻeleʻele, nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo ma nā poʻohiwi) ua kapa ʻia lākou i nā ʻōlima Finnish a i ʻole nā ​​palaka Finnish.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻokoʻa nā polumele o ka plumage wahine wahine: ma ke ʻano o ka raspberry, ʻeleʻele ka melemele i loko o lākou. ʻO nā ponytails o schurov me kahi lei nani. ʻO kekahi manawa ke hilahila i ka pailaka me kahi bipi kīpē - ʻelua ʻulaʻula a aloha hoʻi e ʻoliʻoli ma ka lehu mauna.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi he aloha ke aloha i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i ka manawa o ka makahiki i loko o ka pā. ʻOiai no ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa kēia mau manu kupaianaha i nā loko wai i loko ʻole ʻole a ka flounder i hauʻoli me lākou. Hāpai, noho piha kēia mau manu i ke ʻano, akā luhi pinepine.

Na loea

No ka Magpie, ua paʻa paʻa i ka inoa ʻo "ʻaihue".Nui loa ka makemake i nā mea āpau a me ke kukui. Loaʻa nā poʻe pinepine i nā mea gula gula nani, nā uka, a me nā ʻāpana kālā kālā i kā lākou mau lua me nā uhi keleawe a me nā pālani. Pehea nā manu i ʻaihue ai i kēia mea nā mea nona nā mea huna a ʻike wale ʻia iā lākou iho.

ʻO Magpies ka manu akamai. Ua hōʻike ʻo Ornithologists ʻoi aku ka naʻau ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ʻoi wale nō nā holoholona i ke keʻokeʻo e ʻike iā lākou iho i ke aniani. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻike i kekahi manu ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻohālike, e hoʻouka ana a e hoʻoweliweli paha iā ia, mai hopohopo.

Inā ulu kahi pāie i loko o ke kanaka, a laila ʻike ʻo ia i kona haku ʻaʻole wale ma kona leo, akā, na ke ʻano nō hoʻi o kāna ʻano gait. He mau manu ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia: lawe lākou i kā lākou mau trope i ka mea nona ka mea lawe a lawe ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā moʻolelo he nui e pili ana i kēia ka poʻe i hoʻopili me "makana" mai kahi lei manu.

ʻO Magpies i ka pio pio e noho lōʻihi, maʻalahi a palu ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ka ʻano maʻalahi kā lākou ʻano. I kāna manawa hoʻowahāwahā, no ka laʻana, hiki i kahi manu momona ke hoʻolako i ka leʻaleʻa ma ke holo ʻana i ka lihi o ka paia ma luna o ka uhi ʻana o ka pali kele mai kahi kanā. A ʻōlapa ʻia, hoʻohiʻo ka pāie i kāna "sledge" me kāna ʻaka a hoʻōla iā lākou ma luna, e like me ka hana ʻana o nā keiki ma ka puʻu.

Aia nā moolelo he Metropolitan Alexei i ka kenekulia 19 i kānalua i ka loina kanaka i kēia mau manu. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ua hana i nā manu ka mea i lawe i ke ʻano manu. No laila, ua pāpā ʻia ka pale i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana ma Moscow.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ʻelele o kēia ʻano ke ʻano i nā leo e hana ʻia e nā kānaka. ʻOiai e pili pinepine kēia i ka hana.

ʻO keʻano

ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka bullfinch i ka sparrow, akā aia ke ʻano nui loa ma muli o ke kino paleke. No kēia ʻāpana manu.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā kāne ʻo ia ka ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻālina, ke ʻāʻī mai lalo a i nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. I nā wahine, loaʻa i kēia wahi he mele brownish-hina. He mea maʻalahi a wehe ka kāne a me ka wahine i kekahi i kekahi. Ma ke ʻano o ke kala umauma, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻokoʻa i ka plumage. Loaʻa i ke kāne keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu, akā ʻaʻole i pili nā poppies. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio, ma mua o ka melt lulu mua a ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā ʻeke. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻōpiopio nā manu ʻōpio, loaʻa i kahi kalaʻula polū ke kala piha ʻana, koe wale no ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele lākou.

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ʻalā kīpī i ka ulu lāʻau, a laila e hewa nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kāne a me ka wahine.

Aia kekahi liʻuna ʻē aʻe i ke kala o nā manu, ma muli o ka ʻāina o kahi e noho ai. ʻO nā manu e noho kokoke a kokoke i ka hema o ko mākou ʻāina he ʻula ʻula a me nā kukui he ʻulaʻula. A ʻo ka mea kokoke i ka Hikina mamao aʻe, ka mea mālamalama o kēia wahi. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril hiki ke loaʻa ʻoe i kahi manu me kahi umauma ʻulaʻula. A hou hou, pili kēia i nā kāne.

Hoʻaiho

Noho ka manu ʻōkeke ma waena o Lūkia. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ua lele ʻo ia iā mākou i ka hoʻoilo. Akā, he hewa maoli kēia. ʻAe i ke kauwela, i waena o nā huaʻai he mea paʻakikī kēia manu. Akā i ka hoʻoilo, e kū'ē ana i ka kua o ke keʻokeʻo o keʻokeʻo - ʻike ʻia nā ʻula ʻulaʻula ulaula.

Noho kēia manu ma nā nahele kahi i loaʻa ai kahi mauʻu kūlohelohe. Hōʻalo i nā ululā pine maʻemaʻe. He ʻōpiopio pinepine ʻo ia ma nā māka kūlanakauhale a me nā kahakaha ʻole. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka māla laupili hohonu wale nō, akā, ʻo ka ulu lāʻau mālaau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

E like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, lele ia i ka hema i loko o ka hoʻoilo, a ma Malaki hoʻi e hoʻi hou nei i ka wahi i kūkulu ʻia. A i ka waena oʻApelila, aneane loa lākou mai nā ʻaoʻao hema a waena o Rūsia. ʻO ka māhele nui o kēia manu kaona ʻākau e pili ana i ka ʻAlika Arctic.

Noho kēia mau manu a pau maʻEulopa, Siberia, ka Kamchatka Peninsula a me Iapana. Ua palena iki nā palena o ko lākou wahi noho ma ke kūkulu hema ma ke kahawai o ka Apenole Penikala, a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ua palena ʻia lākou e ka ʻAlika Orikika. He manu ʻolokeʻo Bullfinches, no kēlā me kēia ʻApelila hoʻi lākou e hoʻi ai i ka wahi like. ʻO nā ʻohana ʻo nā bipi halekahi ka matriarchal. Loaʻa ka hau hoʻoilina i ka meaʻai ma aneʻi, nāna nō e hoʻoponopono i nā "hakakā kaua". Pili ke kāne i ka hua.

Nā meaʻai momona

He manu ʻona ʻokoʻa kēia mau manu - he pali ʻalapelu ia, mānoanoa, pālahalaha a pāpaʻu i ka hopena, me kahi paʻu a maloʻo a paʻakikī. Me kahi beak, kahi mea kūpono loa e pili i nā hua peʻa mai nā hua rowan, hop cones a me ka juniper. Eia naʻe, ʻo kā ka ʻai punahele o kēia mau manu ka huaʻaila o ka lehu, maple, alder.

Maʻaleʻa nā phale a me nā palau ma ke ʻano. No laila, ʻo nā mea hānai e kau nā kānaka. He mea kaulana loa kēia mau manu. A laila ʻo ka kāne (a ʻo ka wahine pū kekahi) e hōʻole ʻole i ka millet a me ka buckwheat.

ʻO kēia mau manu i ʻōnaʻi "maʻamau", i kīʻaha kapu. Hiki i ke anawaena o ka pūhaka ke hiki i 20 cm, a ʻo 8 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i kahi o 6 mau hua. Hoʻohā pinepine ʻia kēia ma ka waena o ʻApelila. Makemake ʻo Bullfinches i ka pale ʻana i nā kumulāʻau pua.

Hoʻokahi wale ka wahine i nā hua i nā lā 10 mua, a ma hope o ka huki ʻana i nā pīlio e lele i ʻai no ka ʻohana, a noho ke kāne ma ka pūnana. Hāpai ka wahine i nā pīpī me ka meaʻai mea kanu, lawe wale ʻia nā mea hihiu ma o ka manawa kūpono wale. ʻO ka huina holoʻokoʻa, aia nā pipi i loko o ka pūnana no ka 2 mau wiki. A laila e hoʻomaka lākou e aʻo e lele.

Mea ʻai

ʻAi nā manu liʻiliʻi i nā mea āpau ma ka manaʻo maoli o ka ʻōlelo. ʻAʻohe o lākou i makemake punahele. ʻAi ʻia lākou i nā iniseti, palaoa, ʻōpala, hoʻopau i ka ʻai a ke kanaka. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia mau manu. Hiki iā lākou ke noho a nānā i loko o ka waha o kekahi kanaka e ʻai ana i ka papaʻaina i ka ʻaina kauwela.

Inā e noho mau kekahi manawa i kēia hihia me ka ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki i ka manu ke piʻi mālie ma luna o ka papaʻaina a hopu i ka mea i huki ʻia. Ua lele ka haki liʻiliʻi o ka manu i ka lele. ʻAʻole ʻiʻo nā manu i ka ʻai. Holo ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i kahi kahe, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻahaʻaina.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, e lohe ʻia nā mele o nā manu liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mele. Hōʻike kēia kūpono i ko lākou wā moe. ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā mea hoʻokūkū pinepine ke pale ʻole ʻia. ʻO ke kumu, ke kūkulu ʻia nei kekahi mau kāne no ke ola, ma ka hopena o Malaki ke kūkulu nei i kāna nūnū ʻohana.

I ka lāʻelima, ua kau ka wahine i nā hua. ʻAʻohe maʻamau ma mua o 8 o lākou i loko o ka pūnana.ʻehā mau pule, pono ke kau a ke kāne lāua e hānai iā lākou. A hui pū pū lāua.

ʻAʻole lākou e ola lōʻihi, ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki. Akā i waena o nā manu liʻiliʻi nā kenetariana i noho he 2 mau manawa. ʻO ka pōkole pōkole o kēia mau manu ma muli o ka nui o ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau wahi.

Kāleka

Ma kona ʻaha nui, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi gula maʻamau i ka sparrow, ʻo kona paona he 20 g. ʻOi aku ka lewa o nā wahine, a i nā manawa āpau e paʻi a me kā lākou mau pepeiao.

Ke aniani a ʻokoʻa ka kala o ka manu. He māmā ka ʻōpū, ke kua a me ka umauma he ʻano: ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, nā beige wahi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā laina o nā eheu e ka plumage melemele. Ke keʻokeʻo ke poʻo, ma ka kua o nā hulu manu ka ʻano ʻāpana ʻala, no ka mea i kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻano o ka ʻano o ke ʻano he blackfinch. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka beak i nā hulu ulaula. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻōpio, hele lākou i ka manawa e ulu ai. ʻOkoʻa iki ka hoʻonaninani o nā wahine i mua o nā kāne. Wahi a Ornithologists he 2 carduelis me kahi kala like ʻole.

Biology

ʻO Pendie ka mea maʻamau, i kekahi manawa he nui, noho manu. Noho ia i ka nahele no nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole (ke makemake nei i nā kihi nahele ma nā wahi ākea). m. i Tien Shan a me 1,500 mika - ma Altai, pinepine kokoke i ka wai. Noho pinepine kahi noho ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale me nā mea kanu kai. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa i nā kāleka, nā kīwaha a me nā pā ʻāina. Ma nā wahi a pau, ke hapanui o ka makahiki e kau ʻia ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa, hiki i nā 200 manu manu. I ka pūnāwai, ua kūleʻa nā pakanani hou i ka hopena o Pepeluali - Malaki. ʻO nā moʻomeheu ma nā kaʻawale kaʻawale ma kahi mamao o 75-200 mika mai kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ka hua manu

He monogamous nā Pigeons a kūkulu i kahi ʻohana no ke koena o ko lākou ola. Aia mālama ka wīwī kāne i kahi wahine, hohola ʻo ia i kona ʻili a hāpai i kahi kūlana kū, a laila hoʻokae a kūlou a wīwī i ka wahine. I ka wā hula nei, nui ka coo coo kāne. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā poʻe aloha i nā hulu o kēlā me kēia a paʻi i kā lākou beaks, kahi hoʻohālikelike i kahi honi.

Aia ke piʻi ʻana o ka wāwae, ua piʻi ke kāne i luna o kona kua i ka wahine a kaupaona ʻana iā ia no ka ʻeke. Ma hope o kēlā, lele ʻo ia, me ke kani ʻana o kona mau eheu. ʻO ka manawa hoʻohālikelike no nā pigeons ma kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, me ka mea e kau ʻia nei ma kahi o kahi e noho ai nā poʻe. Hoʻokumu kahi mau pigeons i kahi pūnana i kahi wahi i waiho ʻia ai kahi paʻakikī i ka ʻike. Loaʻa i ke kāne nā mea pono no ka noho ʻana, a luhi ka manu nunu i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala a me nā lei. I ka makahiki, hiki i ka wahine ke hana i 8 mau ʻakaʻaka, ʻo ia ka 1 a i ʻole i hoʻokahi mau hua manu. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ka wahine e ʻoki i nā hua, akā komo pū ka manu kāne kāne i ka hatching. Ma hope o nā lā 16-19 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā moa piʻi, makapō a me nā pua polū. ʻAʻole lākou i hānau ʻia i ka manawa like, me he wī hua manu e hiki ke ola me kahi hoʻomaha ʻelua lā. I ka wā mua, ua hānai nā mākua i kā lākou hua hua he burp mai goiter. A laila hoʻohui ʻia nā huaʻai i ka meaʻai. Ke hala liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻomaka ka manu ʻōpio a lele i a e like me nā pākeke.

Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana

Hōʻalo ʻia kahi polar owl i nā wahi wehe. Inaina aku ʻo ia i nā lāʻau ulu kiʻekiʻe. Paʻi ʻia kēia ma muli o ke ala o ka hiʻona. Holo pinepine ka manu mai ka lepo, e noho ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe. Nānā ʻo ia i nā kaʻe e ʻike nei i ka waiwai, a ʻike ʻo ia i ka iʻa, lele ikaika loa ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu, lele iā ia a e hoʻopili ana me ka mea i hoʻopihapiha ʻia. Pau nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Lohe ʻo ia i ka hana nui a ʻai i ka ʻai. Hoʻokolo nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi i ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. Pau ka polar owl i ka liʻiliʻi he 4 mau rodents i ka lā e loaʻa ai ka lawa. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻimi i ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi paha.

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā rodents, ua mālama ʻia kāna mau meaʻai e ka hares, ermines, hedgehog, ducks a me nā alana. ʻAi kekahi ʻo ia i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole ʻaihue i ka pala. ʻAʻole manu e hānai i kahi manu ma kāna pūnana. Hoʻohana ka poʻe gulls i ia. Pāʻaneʻane loa lākou i ka ʻāpana a hāleʻa maikaʻi loa lākou, no ka mea, he ʻano palaka nui ka manu ʻānai. Ua hele aku nei i kahi kilomita mai ka ohu, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokuke aku i nā mea i ʻō.

Ke kaʻina a me ke ʻano o nā hoʻonaninani

Ua laulā nui ʻo Iune ma ʻEulopa, Asia Minor, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a me Caucasus. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me kēia manu kupaianaha ma Siberia, Kina, Iapana, Mongolia, Korea a me Sakhalin. Ma Central Asia, ʻaʻole i hele kēia manu ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

1. ʻO kekahi hapa o nā manu o kēia manu he manuahi, ʻoiai he mau ʻaumahi. ʻO kēia hilinaʻi kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole wale nō o nā pae ʻākau, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o Europa.
2. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka wai e ka nahele. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā kiko he ʻai i ka waena o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka hapalua o Nowemapa. ʻO ka hele mua ʻana o ka wai i ka lā Malaki.
3. Noho ka manu ma nā nahele - deciduous, coniferous a hui ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi kikoʻī maʻamau i ka pua jay e nā pua ʻoka a me nā nahele.
4. I ka hema, e manu ana ka manu ma waena o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi o nā ululāʻau, hiki i ka pipi jay ke noho i nā paka kahiko, deciduous a coniferous thickets.

Kālā

Hoʻololi ʻo Magpie ma Kazakhstan, ʻaʻole ka haʻalele ʻana o nā wahi ākea o nā wao nahele a me nā neoneo. No ka ʻike hou aku ma ka hoʻoili ʻana ma Kazakhstan, e ʻike i ka pauku Subspecies.

Biology

ʻO Pendie ka mea maʻamau, i kekahi manawa he nui, noho manu. Noho ia i ka nahele no nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole (ke makemake nei i nā kihi nahele ma nā wahi ākea). m. i Tien Shan a me 1,500 mika - ma Altai, pinepine kokoke i ka wai. Noho pinepine kahi noho ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale me nā mea kanu kai. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa i nā kāleka, nā kīwaha a me nā pā ʻāina.Ma nā wahi a pau, ke hapanui o ka makahiki e kau ʻia ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa, hiki i nā 200 manu manu. I ka pūnāwai, ua kūleʻa nā pakanani hou i ka hopena o Pepeluali - Malaki. ʻO nā moʻomeheu ma nā kaʻawale kaʻawale ma kahi mamao o 75-200 mika mai kēlā me kēia.

Na mela

ʻO keʻano

ʻO nā pigigeon, a i nā manu manu maoli, he mau manu mai ka ʻāpana manu, e like me ka ʻohana pigeon. Kuhi ʻia ka manu puaʻa ma kahi o 5,000, a he 10,000 mau makahiki paha i hala. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o ka manu i ka 20-27 cm, ka paona mai ka 200 a 650 g.

Hiki keʻokoʻa i ke kala o nā pigeons. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā manu kukū, e like me nā hua puaa, a me nā ʻūhā e like me nā hua pīpī. No nā mea pīpī manuahi ʻulaʻula, ka melemele, ka peach a i ʻole kope. Hiki i nā Pigeons ke kala like, like ʻole ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka mana i kā lākou plumage. Nui nā ʻano me ka palu curly a he nui paha paha o nā hulu ma kahi o ke poʻo a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae.

Apana ʻāina

Noho ka Pigeons ma nā wahi āpau, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole ka Antarctica a me ka ʻāina polar. ʻOiai ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka manu piu o 5 ka piliona, ua pau lākou i ka hala ʻana ma muli o ka mea e hūnā ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

Mea ʻai

Hoʻokomo ʻo Pigeons i nā hua, nā hua o nā kumulāʻau hua, a me nā hua. Hiki i nā manu e noho ana i loko o nā kūlanakauhale e hoʻopau i ka ʻaiʻai meaʻai (palaoa, palaoa, ōka, bale). I kekahi manawa, ʻai nā manu i nā mea hihiu. Basically, makemake nā manu e noho kokoke i ka noho o kahi kanaka, no laila ua maʻalahi maʻalahi iā lākou e loaʻa i nā meaʻai. He pōʻino ʻole ka Pigeons i ke koho ʻana i kahi kumu meaʻai, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā pua ʻuʻuku i loko o ka waha: 37 nā ʻāpana ʻono hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huaʻili he 10,000 i loaʻa i kahi kanaka.

Aia ka inu ʻana manu, huki ka wai iā ia iho e like me kahi mauʻu, ʻoi aku ka mau manu ʻē aʻe i kekahi me nā pu i kā lākou puaa a laila e hoʻolei i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka wai i loko o ka ʻāpana.

ʻO ka hua manu

He monogamous nā Pigeons a kūkulu i kahi ʻohana no ke koena o ko lākou ola. Aia mālama ka wīwī kāne i kahi wahine, hohola ʻo ia i kona ʻili a hāpai i kahi kūlana kū, a laila hoʻokae a kūlou a wīwī i ka wahine. I ka wā hula nei, nui ka coo coo kāne. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā poʻe aloha i nā hulu o kēlā me kēia a paʻi i kā lākou beaks, kahi hoʻohālikelike i kahi honi.

Aia ke piʻi ʻana o ka wāwae, ua piʻi ke kāne i luna o kona kua i ka wahine a kaupaona ʻana iā ia no ka ʻeke. Ma hope o kēlā, lele ʻo ia, me ke kani ʻana o kona mau eheu. ʻO ka manawa hoʻohālikelike no nā pigeons ma kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, me ka mea e kau ʻia nei ma kahi o kahi e noho ai nā poʻe. Hoʻokumu kahi mau pigeons i kahi pūnana i kahi wahi i waiho ʻia ai kahi paʻakikī i ka ʻike. Loaʻa i ke kāne nā mea pono no ka noho ʻana, a luhi ka manu nunu i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala a me nā lei. I ka makahiki, hiki i ka wahine ke hana i 8 mau ʻakaʻaka, ʻo ia ka 1 a i ʻole i hoʻokahi mau hua manu. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ka wahine e ʻoki i nā hua, akā komo pū ka manu kāne kāne i ka hatching. Ma hope o nā lā 16-19 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā moa piʻi, makapō a me nā pua polū. ʻAʻole lākou i hānau ʻia i ka manawa like, me he wī hua manu e hiki ke ola me kahi hoʻomaha ʻelua lā. I ka wā mua, ua hānai nā mākua i kā lākou hua hua he burp mai goiter. A laila hoʻohui ʻia nā huaʻai i ka meaʻai. Ke hala liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻomaka ka manu ʻōpio a lele i a e like me nā pākeke.

Akou

Kāleka

He kino nui ke kino ʻĀpū polar. ʻO kona lōʻihi, i nā kāne, he 55-65 cm, nui loa nā wahine. Hiki iā lākou ka lōʻihi o 70 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā kāne mai ka 2-2.5 kg - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka moʻo wahine. I kekahi manawa he hapa o ka wahine ʻo 3.2 kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou kaumaha ma 3 kg. Ua hiki i nā ʻēheu ke 165 cm. He poʻo pōpō a mākeke nā maka ākea ke manu. He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, ua ʻike ʻole ia. ʻEleʻele ka pīpī. Eia kekahi, aneane pale ia uhi me nā hulu hulu. ʻIke wale kona ʻāpana. Ua uhi ʻia nā wāwae me nā ulaula o ka hulu, he like nui me ka hulu hipa. ʻEleʻele nā ​​claws me he beak.

ʻO ke kala polū o ka manu he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā kiʻi brownish. ʻO kekahi manawa, ma kahi o nā kiko, nānā ʻia nā tali o ke kala.ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā males ma mua o nā wahine, hānau ʻia nā moa a paʻa i ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo, a laila e hoʻololi i ka kala i ka uliuli. ʻO kahi kāne keʻokeʻo he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - ka muli loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻili. Hana ʻia ka lula ʻia i nā manu i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai a i ka hopena o ka wā lohi. I nā lā hope o Nowemapa, ua kau aku nei kahi poli hue i kahi lole lole hoʻoilo hou.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

ʻO ka wā e hoʻohua nei i ka ʻāpana polar i hāʻule ma ka lā Malaki-ʻApelila No nā hua e hiki mai ana, hoʻomākaukau ka wahine i kahi pūnana. No kēia, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. I ka nui loa o kona aloha ʻana i nā puʻu. E hana ana i ke kaumaha liʻiliʻi i ka lepo, hoʻoikaika iā ia me nā lau maloʻo a lalo. Hoʻomaka ka hua hua e waiho ma ka lua o Mei. Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi huaʻai i ka lā hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻelua. Hling iā lākou i hoʻokahi mahina. Haka mua nā manu ʻōlule i ka hopena o Iune. Mālama loa ke kāne i ka hānai, akā ma hope ua hui pū ka wahine iā ia, me ka wikiwiki o ka nui o nā pēpē.

I nā makahiki hānai hānai nāu, aia paha a 10 a 17 paha nā pipi ʻoniʻoni iā ​​lākou e hoʻomehana i nā hua hope. I ka wā pōloli, aia he hapa o nā hua he nui. Inā ʻaʻole he pōʻino, a laila ʻaʻohe lua. Noho paʻa nā ʻaka hihiu i loko o ka pūnana, hoʻomaka e ʻolo e puka, mai ʻō a ʻō. ʻO hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, lele mua lāua i ka lewa. Puberty i ka polar owl i loaʻa i nā makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ke ola he 15-17 mau makahiki. I ka pio, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ola i 30 mau makahiki.

Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana

Hōʻalo ʻia kahi polar owl i nā wahi wehe. Inaina aku ʻo ia i nā lāʻau ulu kiʻekiʻe. Paʻi ʻia kēia ma muli o ke ala o ka hiʻona. Holo pinepine ka manu mai ka lepo, e noho ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe. Nānā ʻo ia i nā kaʻe e ʻike nei i ka waiwai, a ʻike ʻo ia i ka iʻa, lele ikaika loa ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu, lele iā ia a e hoʻopili ana me ka mea i hoʻopihapiha ʻia. Pau nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Lohe ʻo ia i ka hana nui a ʻai i ka ʻai. Hoʻokolo nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi i ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. Pau ka polar owl i ka liʻiliʻi he 4 mau rodents i ka lā e loaʻa ai ka lawa. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻimi i ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi paha.

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā rodents, ua mālama ʻia kāna mau meaʻai e ka hares, ermines, hedgehog, ducks a me nā alana. ʻAi kekahi ʻo ia i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole ʻaihue i ka pala. ʻAʻole manu e hānai i kahi manu ma kāna pūnana. Hoʻohana ka poʻe gulls i ia. Pāʻaneʻane loa lākou i ka ʻāpana a hāleʻa maikaʻi loa lākou, no ka mea, he ʻano palaka nui ka manu ʻānai. Ua hele aku nei i kahi kilomita mai ka ohu, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokuke aku i nā mea i ʻō.

Klest

ʻO keʻano

ʻAe ka ʻīhā o ka wāwae i ka manu e piʻi i luna, e kau ana i lalo a hiki i ka popopo. ʻO ka kala o ka umauma o nā kāne, he hua pua, a i nā wahine he ʻulaʻula-hina. ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu o nā manu i huli ai i ke kaena hina-hina. ʻO ke mele ʻana o ka peʻa me nā nota kiʻekiʻe e like me kahi nūnū me ka pā o ka pīpī. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ma nā huakaʻi. Ma nā lālā, malū nā manu.

Nui nā ʻano manu manu, ʻekolu mau mea nui a noho i ka laulā o Lūkia:

Hoʻohui like lākou i ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hānai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā inoa me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano koho o nā conifers a me ke alo o nā hulu keʻokeʻo.

Hoʻaiho

ʻO nā kūpuna o nā kaila i kēia wā kahiko loa, he 7-9 miliona mau makahiki. Ma nā ululāʻau coniferous o ka Honu Hemolele, ua hānau ka nui o nā crossbills. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou noho ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā cones, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka ʻai manu. No laila, noho nā crossbills i nā tundra a me nā pae ʻai, kahi holo nui i nā wahi momona i nā meaʻai. Loaʻa nā hihia i loaʻa i ka 2000 km mai nā wahi huna. Ma Lūkia, noho lākou i ka pine a kanu i nā ulu lāʻau o nā ʻāina mauna i nā wahi hema o ka ʻāina, i ka ʻaoʻao komohana. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā manu ma nā nahele i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ahi.

Mea ʻai

He mea hewa paha ke manaʻo e hānai wale nā ​​mea crossbird i nā hua kanu conifer cone, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka ʻai nui. ʻO ka lulu i ka mea hoʻonā manu, i kahe i nā unahi, no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hua, akā he hapakolu wale nō o ka pipi no ka ʻai. Haʻalele ka manu i nā pala paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.Ka lele nui i ka ʻāina a lilo i kīpī no nā kiʻi a kūmaʻi paha a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka crossbill ke hānai i nā pua o ka peʻa a i ʻole nā ​​pine, inā paha i ka nele o ka cones, ʻāwīwī i ke kumu lāʻau i koe ʻole me nā ʻili o nā lāʻau, a me nā hua ʻē aʻe, nā pepeke a me nā aphids. I ka pio, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻowahāwahā i nā wīwī palaoa, oatmeal, ka lehu kuahiwi, hemp a me nā hua kanu.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO nā ʻāpana like ʻole, ʻaʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, e kū pinepine i ka hoʻoilo, pinepine i ka wā Kalikimaka, e like me ka lokomaikaʻi o ka Mea Kiʻi, e like me ka moʻolelo. Mālama kēia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea hānai. Kūkulu ʻia kahi pūnana wahine ma luna o nā conifers a i ʻole ma lalo o ka uhi o nā pulu lau nahele mai ka ua a me nā ʻolo. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā ʻuʻuku me nā ʻōmole mua a hana ʻia i nā hōʻike ʻino a pau: me ka lula ʻana o ka palu, nā lauoho holoholona, ​​lichens, nā hulu manu. Hiki i nā paia o ka pūhaka ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mauʻu: mai nā lālā i hana ai, loaʻa kekahi mau papana, loko a me waho. Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ka lāʻau i kahi thermos e mālama i kahi ʻano maʻamau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ke kīloi ʻana, ʻoiai nā frost, he mea nui e hana i kā lākou keiki. Mālama i ka masonry o nā hua he 3-4 e lōʻihi ma mua o 15 mau lā. I kēia manawa hana, mālama ka kāne i nā ʻano āpau i ka wahine, hānai me nā hua i palulu ʻia i ka goiter.

ʻIli hāleʻele

ʻO keʻano

Ma ke kino, ka nui a me nā kikoʻī - kahi kope o kahi hina hina, akā ʻeleʻele ka holumua holoʻokoʻa, me ka pua metala. Hoʻohālikelike ia i kahi manu kaʻu ʻia ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi pāwili iki (ʻaʻole ka lei kuhi) i kahi ʻoi, he poʻo lider, me kahi beak. He mea maʻalahi ke hilahila me nā puʻu ʻōpiopio, mai kahi e kaawale ai nā kaona, ʻoi aku ka puʻu ikaika loa (ʻo ke poʻo o ka beak a ke kūlima koi ma lalo) a ʻoi, ʻaʻole nā ​​"pantona" (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole nā ​​elele o ka hulu ma ka ʻaoʻao). hāpai ʻia ʻo ia ke poʻo “poʻo”, me ke kaʻe e wili ʻia ana mai ka beak a i ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me ka wahine o waho. Hoʻohālike ka ʻōpio i nā pākeke, ʻokoʻa i ka plumage kala ʻole, me ka hiʻu haʻahaʻa. Kaupaona 500-750 g, lōʻihi 50-57, ʻae 32.7-41.2, mau ʻēpela 90-105 cm.

Kālā

Ma Kazakhstan, ʻūhā ia i nā kuahiwi a me nā kahe o ka South-Western Altai a me Kalba Uplands, nā Saur, nā Dzungarian Alatau a me Tien Shan, ma nā Zaysan a me Balkhash-Alakol hōʻeha a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Balkhash Hema, ma ke awāwa ʻo Chu, ma lalo o Sarysu a ma nā ʻaoʻao o Syr Darya. Ma ka ʻākau i kēia wahi o Kazakhstan komo i lalo i ka lalo o Turgay a me Ulkayak. I loko o nā makahiki o ka maloʻo ana mai loko o nā loko o ka pūnaehana ʻo Turgai, he hūnā ia i Naurzum. I nā palena palena i loaʻa i nā wanderings i ka hoʻoilo. Ua nānā ʻia ʻo Overflight ma Ustyurt, ma Mugodzhary, nā ʻola manuahi - ma ka Kokchetav Upland.

Biology

He manu e noho ai ʻo ia. Noho ia ma nā ka nahele kapakai, nā puʻu, nā ʻūhā ululāʻau a me nā moena i nā papa ma nā pāpū, a me nā hala, nā kāwili, hui ʻia a me nā puʻu i ka mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2600 m ma Tien Shan a me 2200 m ma Altai, kokoke loa i ka wai. Hōʻike ʻia i nā wahi e ulana ai i ka lā Malaki. ʻO nā moʻokahi ma nā kaʻaha kaʻawale ma kahi mamao o 100-150 m, a i kekahi manawa 8-10 km mai kēlā me kēia. Aia ka pūnana ma kahi lāʻau (spruce, juniper, elm, apple tree, poplar, goat, willow, birch, larch) ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-25 m ma luna o ka lepo, a ma luna o nā pua tamarisk a me nā ʻanā, kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana mai nā lālā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau a me nā lau. a ua paipai ʻia me ka nui o ka lauoho. Hana ʻia ka pipi e 3-6 mai ka hopena o Malaki ma ka hopena o Mei. Mālama nā mākua i nā ʻōpio nāna i holo mai ka Pōʻalua a i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka pipi mua he mea maʻamau. Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa.

Jana

Ke kaʻina a me ke ʻano o nā hoʻonaninani

Ua laulā nui ʻo Iune ma ʻEulopa, Asia Minor, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a me Caucasus. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me kēia manu kupaianaha ma Siberia, Kina, Iapana, Mongolia, Korea a me Sakhalin. Ma Central Asia, ʻaʻole i hele kēia manu ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

1. ʻO kekahi hapa o nā manu o kēia manu he manuahi, ʻoiai he mau ʻaumahi. ʻO kēia hilinaʻi kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole wale nō o nā pae ʻākau, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o Europa.
2. I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka wai e ka nahele. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā kiko he ʻai i ka waena o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka hapalua o Nowemapa. ʻO ka hele mua ʻana o ka wai i ka lā Malaki.
3. Noho ka manu ma nā nahele - deciduous, coniferous a hui ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi kikoʻī maʻamau i ka pua jay e nā pua ʻoka a me nā nahele.
4. I ka hema, e manu ana ka manu ma waena o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi o nā ululāʻau, hiki i ka pipi jay ke noho i nā paka kahiko, deciduous a coniferous thickets.

Kāleka

He manu ka nahele ʻo Jay kēlā loaʻa kona inoa mai ka inoa kahiko o Rūmole o ka huaʻōlelo "kukui".. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i ka manu no kona ʻano plumage a me kahi ʻano hauʻoli.

1. Hoʻohui ʻia ke kino o kēia manu i loko o kahi kala beige. Ma ka umauma, ua māmā nā kapa o ka hulu i nā kala.
2. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻēheu me nā ʻōuli uliuli, keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi, i kapa ʻia kekahi mau aniani.
3. ʻAʻole kaʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka manu me ka ʻili ma kahi o 40 cm. ʻO ka jay ka moa i hānau ʻia nui a loaʻa koke i ke kaumaha.
4. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka pākeke ma mua o 200 grama.
5. Loaʻa i nā pua nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele.
6. Ma ka poʻo o ka manu aia kahi pūlū nani o nā hulu. Ke piʻi aʻe kēia crest, hōʻike kēia i ka haʻalulu o ka manu.
7. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka jay uliuli ke kiko maʻalahi o ka kua a me ke keʻokeʻo aniani ka ʻalaʻula ma ke poʻo.
8. ʻO ka beak o kēia ʻano he ikaika a koʻikoʻi, he liʻiliʻi ka nui. He maikaʻi no nā ʻokiʻoki, nā hua lāʻau, a me nā hua paʻakikī loa.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hoʻomaka ka wā hana i kēia mau manu i ka pūnāwai. Ke koho ʻana i ka wāwae, hoʻomaka ke kāne hui pū me ke kani ʻana i ka nui o ke kani ʻana.

1. Mai ka waena o ʻApelila, hoʻomaka nā manu e hoʻohālikelike i ka pili a me ka pā. ʻO ka maʻa pinepine kēia ma nā wahi i noho ai nā kiki ke lōʻihi a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe.
2. Kahi ʻia kahi kahua nahu kū e kūkulu ʻia. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, hoʻohana lākou i nā māka mauʻu, nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻūhā o ka hulu hipa. Aia nā nests ma nā lāʻau kuahiwi ma nā lālā ikaika ma luna o ka pae o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika mai ka lepo.
3. ʻO ka hua i loko o nā lime, he ʻ makaʻū, a ʻo ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I hoʻokahi wā, waiho aku ka wahine i nā hua he 4-7.
4. Ua kūpaʻa mau ʻia ka nīnau no ka mea nāna e paʻi i hua. Pane kekahi poʻe ornithologists ʻo kēia ka hopena o ka wahine, ʻoiai ke manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi e noho ana ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka pale.
5. Ma hope o 15-17 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā keikikāne i ka pā. Hoʻohana ka pākeke i nā pipi a hiki i ka hāʻule. Ma hope o 20 mau lā, e hoʻomaka mālie nā mea ʻōpiopio e hōʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa - lele lākou i waho o nā nests i ka ʻimi ʻana e loaʻa ka ʻai. E hānai nā ʻōpio i nā ʻōpua i loaʻa e ko lākou mau mākua. Ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, e loli maoli nā mea kanu ulu ulu e kanu i nā meaʻai.
6. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, lilo i ʻokiʻoki i nā moa o ka jay.

Nā Mea ʻaina Mockingbird

He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai ʻana o kēia mau manu a hilinaʻi hoʻi i ka manawa o ka makahiki. Hoʻopau nā mikockingbird i nā holoholona a me ka mea kanu mea loaʻa, aia ma nā lāʻau a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka honua.

1. I ka manawa mahana, ua hānai nā pipi jay i nā mea pepeke - nā ʻōpala, spideretc. etc. Me kēia e loaʻa ai ka pōmaikaʻi nui i ka nahele ma nā ʻōlelo o ka mālama ʻana i ka pōpilikia.
2. Hoʻopili i nā pepeke, hoʻolōʻihi ka manu ʻO nā kiʻi, nā pōkā a i ʻole hemo ʻole.
3. ʻAʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i kēia mau powa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopau ʻia ana a me ka ʻai ʻana nā moa a me nā hua.
4. Mai nā meaʻai kanu, nā ʻakaʻaka a makemake i nā hua, nā hua, a me nā hua. Ma ka laulā, ka mea kanu "ʻai" ʻoki i ka nui o ka meaʻai o kēia mau manu. Nui ko lākou aloha acorn, hazelnuts, cherry manu a me nā hua rowan.

Aliʻi ʻulaʻula

Kāleka

ʻO nā aliʻi nā manu ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi loa ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mōneka ʻulaʻulaʻula e kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke poʻo o ke poʻo a me ke ʻano compact physique, ke poʻo hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka ʻeleʻele i lalo, me kahi kukuna-brownish-ʻula.Hoʻohana ʻia ka “cap” ma ke poʻo o ke kāne me kahi kao ʻalāwi lōʻihi (ʻeleʻele i ka wahine), ʻā ʻia i loko o ka ʻalani ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe o ka poʻe ʻōpio i kahi lei ulana poʻo.

Kālā

He mea maʻalahi a ʻano manuahi nā manu, me 13 subspecies ma Eurasia. ʻAʻole e hele ka ʻaoʻao nui o ʻEulopa ma ke kūkulu hema o 45 ° ma ka palena ʻākau. ʻO nā wili e kokoke ana i nā wahi kanu a i ʻole ke kūkulu hema, a hiki i ka hema hema oʻEulopa. Ma Italia, ʻo ka helu o nā manu e pili ana i nā manu hānai he 200-400 tausani mau pālua, nui loa ka loaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe ma 900 a 1,900 mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO ka mea noho o nā wailele coniferous, a hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā Alps, ua pili pono ke kaʻana o ke aliʻi melemele i pili i ke ahi a ka puna. Loaʻa nā pili i nā wahi māka a me nā māla i loaʻa nā mea kanu kanu koniferous.

Biology

I Mei-Iune, maʻa mau a he 9-11 mau huaʻai, kahi e ulu ai ka wahine, ma kahi o 16 lā. Haʻalele ʻo Chick i ka nano 17-22 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Elua masonry o ka makahiki. Ma lalo ka hina ʻana o ka mōneki ʻeleʻele i lalo i ka lepo, e ʻimi ana i nā ʻalā a me nā mea inikini, nā hua a me kā lākou hua ma nā lau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia "pohō" mai nā lālā ma lalo a i ʻole a kau ana i mua o lākou, e lele ana nā ʻēheu. Hoʻoikaika ia i kahi leo leo malina, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a lōʻihi i mua o ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula ulaula.

Ika tit

ʻO keʻano

He manu nui kahi manu mai ka ʻohana titmouse. He māka nani a nani kēia - aia ke kapa pāpale ma luna o kona poʻo, ke keʻokeʻo nei nā ʻālio i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻōʻī kona ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a he pua uliuli ke kua. ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu ke kui a blint. Hoʻopuni a puni ke poʻo a ma ka umauma he mau ʻalā mau maka maka ʻia. ʻOi aku ka pena o nā kelei ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka nui, ʻo kēia manu e like me ka sparrow kaulana. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai 13 a 17 cm, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu a hiki i 26 cm.

Kālā

Kālala nui ka ʻāpana nui ma ka ʻāina o Eurasiania, a me ko ʻĀpana komohana. Noho nā manu ma nā nahele ulu, nā kuahiwi, ma nā puʻu a i nā wahi ākea i uhi ʻia i nā lāʻau lāʻau loaʻa. Hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻo Titmouse ma kahi e noho ai nā kānaka - hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā kīhāpai, nā ʻāina, nā māka a me nā pā.

Koi Aʻe Owl

ʻAi ʻo ka ʻĀlio i ka nahele, nā ʻūhā, nā mauna e noho ai. A ma waho o kēia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokau i nā kahawai a me nā loko. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou i makemake i nā nahele ulu, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa ka huki ʻana iā lākou, ʻoi loa ka pō. Ma ka palena o Lūkia, hiki i ka manu ke loaʻa ma ka māhele Sverdlovsk, wahi a Chelyabinsk, ka Komi Republic, Ulyanovsk a me Saratov a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i kahi ola paʻa.

Ka hē ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana

"Nā Māmele" manu, e hoʻomaka ana ma Ianuali. No ka ʻono ʻana i ka wahine, hoʻomaka ke mele kāne kāne. Pīhoihoi i ka oli ʻana, hui pū kekahi i ka wahine iā ia iho, a i kēia manawa - aia he ʻelua mele ma ka lālā. Ma hope o ka wā e moe ai, e waiho ana ka ʻai wahine i ʻelua a ʻelima mau hua.

Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o kā lākou hāhā ʻana, ʻaʻole nā ​​haʻalele nui o nā pēpē i ka ʻohana. Akā i loko o 2 - 3 mau ʻĀlio ʻōpiopio e lele i luna o nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma luna wale nō. E mālama pono nā mākua i nā moa, hiki iā lākou ke pale iā lākou mai kekahi ʻenemi.

Nā Nuthatch

He ʻuʻuku kahi manu a me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa i nā pua ke kīwaha ʻulaʻula me nā kāwele ʻeleʻele. Ma nā wāwae - kūkiki i nā hapa liʻiliʻi. Pipi lākou i loko o nā kumu lāʻau, wikiwiki a holo pono i ka ʻaoʻao. Ke ʻimi nei ka manu i nā mea make huna, kā lākou pili. ʻO kahi koi hou loa e hiki iā lākou ke kue i ka hoʻoilo. E aʻo i kahi manu iā lākou me nā pīkī a pau i ka cortex.

ʻOi aku ka makemake o Nuthatches e noho i nā lāʻau lāʻau. Ke ulu ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau, koho nā manu i nā māla lau. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Nuthatch i nā lāʻau me nā hollows, e noho ana i loko. Inā pālahalaha ka puka o ka hale, ua uhi ia me ka pālolo. Hana nā Nuthatcher i kēia hana i ka wā wela.

Ua makemake ʻo Nuthatches e ola i ka noho anu i ke kuahiwi o nā kumulāʻau