ʻ Potlelo Nīkini Potato gula
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema

Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923

ʻ Potlelo Nīkini Potato gula (Latin Globodera rostochiensis) - kahi ʻano maikaʻi o nematodes e kāʻili ana i nā huaʻai i nā aʻa o nā ʻuala a me nā ʻaka, e pili ana i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻohana nighthade.

Ke ulu nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nematode ʻuala i loko o nā aʻa o ka mea kanu host. Hoʻokomo i nā mea kanu nāwaliwali i nā lau palupalu e huli i ka melemele. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka umu liʻiliʻi, he liʻiliʻi, a i nā manawa āpau holoʻokoʻa ʻole.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nematode kanu i nā pōʻino nui ma nā wahi kīwaha a me nā mahiʻai me ka emi ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili huaʻai, kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu a kanu ʻole ʻia i ko lākou wahi mua i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. Hiki i nā poho ulu he 30-80%. Ma waho aʻe o nā poho kūpono, aia ka pohō ma muli o ka pāpā a i kāohi wale paha i ka halihali o ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana mai nā ʻeha maʻi, no ka mea, ʻo ka nematode o ka mea kanu he mea i waho a kūloko kūloko.

Kūkulu ʻia ka ʻenekoti kōkoti ma ka lālani o nā cyst, kahi pili i nā mea e hoʻopili ai me ka lepo i haumia a lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia mamao. ʻO ka maʻamau, ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā cyst me nā mea kanu, me ka lepo e waiho ana ma nā kō, kanu hua a me nā ʻōpala, ka wai a me ka makani.

He holoholona dioecious nā Nematodes. Ua ʻōleʻa nā wahine i nā ovaries, oviducts, ka kōpū, a me ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōnaʻi ʻoihana ʻole e wehe i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino. ʻO ke kāne hoʻokahi testis e hele ana i nā vas deferens. E kahe ana i ka ʻeha hind i mua o ka anus. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. ʻO nā pono hika cutov o ke kāne, me ke kōkua o kona hāʻawi i ka sperm i loko o ka wehe wahine o ka wahine.

Hele mai nā Andes o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka mea mua i loaʻa ma ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1913 i Kelemania me nā ʻuala i lawe ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia ma Africa, Asia a me Australia. Ua ʻike ʻia ma USA i 1941, ma Kanada i ka makahiki 1960, ma Mexico i ka makahiki 1970.

Potato nematode

Hoʻohana mākou mākou e launa i ka kanu huaʻai me ka hakakā ʻana i ka pīkī ʻūlū o Colorado, no laila, ʻaʻohe mea a ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i kahi pōpilikia kino ma luna o ka ʻuala. ʻO nā loea kaomi Chemical ka mea nui loa e pili pono ana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka pīkī Koloti Kolugile, kāna huaʻōlelo, i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka ovipositor, a i nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻenehana ʻana o ka ʻuala ʻo ka pīpoki kalato o Colorado a me ka hakakā ʻana me ka wā e haʻi pinepine ʻia nei.

ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa he ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka nematode ma mua o ka pulupulu ʻo Colorado, kahi pōpō make nui ia, kahi e like ʻole ai me ka pulupulu kalupa ʻo Colorado, he paʻakikī ia i kekahi manawa a he hikiʻole ke kinai.

Koi kamiao

ʻO ka nematode pono ia, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi worm-parasite, ʻo ko lākou nui ke manaʻo ʻia he microscopic.

He mau mea ekiʻoneo nā Nematodes, ua loaʻa kēia i kēia manawa hou, ma mua o ka manaʻo ia ʻo ka nematode ka hermaphrodite. Kuhi ka kino o ka nematode wahine; ʻohi lākou i nā hua. Ma kahi o ka hopena o ka manawa mahana, make ka nematodes wahine, e hopena ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka cyst, he ʻalā a māno. Ma hope mai, puka mai ke aniani mai ka cyst.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hilinaʻi nui ke ola o ka nematode i nā ʻano, a ua hele ka maʻi o ka lepo ma luna o nā manawa mahana.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi nematode i kā mākou ʻāina, ʻo ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hema ma mua o 100 mau makahiki i hala. Ma Rūsia, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka nematode a puni ka waenakonu o ka makahiki hope a ua pālahalaha loa i nā wahi a pau me ka ʻole.

Nā ʻano ʻano o Nematodes

I ke ao nei he 20 mau ʻano o nematodes.

No ka mea kanu kanu, he nui nā ʻano o ka nematodes:

• Lālia nematode
• makahiki hanaʻala,
• hiha gula
• aunau nematode,
• ulaula ka nematode.

ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻano o ka nematode i ko lākou kala, ma ke ʻano kahi i noho ai, i ka noho.

Kukui nematode

ʻO kona lōʻihi e pili ana iā 1,5 mm. Ua waiho ia i ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi i ka mea kanu, no ka mea, ua komo ka huaʻī o nā huaʻai a me nā wai o ka ʻuala a me ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā hua, ua ʻoka maoli lākou, pili pū lākou i nā pua a me nā pua. Hiki i ka pona o kēia nematode ke kū mau i ke kō a hiki i nā kau he 5, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka nui o ka mahana ke hiki ke luku aku.

Gall Nematode

Ua pili pono i ka ʻōnaehana kumu o nā ʻuala. Kele keʻokeʻo ka poʻe pākeke i ke ola mua o ko lākou ola, ma ke ʻano he aniani. Hoʻopili ʻia nā nematode gal i ke aʻa kumu o nā mea kanu, ma muli o kahi i kapa ʻia i nā māla a kāhea iā lākou ke ʻano o ka nematode. I loko o nā galls, ʻo ka ovipositor he nematode, a ma hope nā huaka.

Kelepona Nematode

Hoʻopilikia maoli ka mea aʻa i ke aʻa, ʻoiai e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā meaʻala, e hōʻeha loa i nā mea kanu. Hoʻopuka kēia nematode ma o nā cysts, kēlā me kēia mea i helu ai lākou a hiki i 700 huaʻai.

Ma kēia mauʻano o nematodes, ikaika nā cysts, ʻaʻole e make a ʻaʻole e hina i lalo a ma lalo o ka hopena o ke keʻena kiʻekiʻe, a i lalo o ka mana o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e ʻōlelo, i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka radiation a me nā insecticides kūlohelohe hiki ʻole ke hōʻino i nā cysts o ke nematode gula. Hiki i nā cysts gula nematode ke ola i nā makahiki 11.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā kolikā nematode gula i ka wā e eli ai i nā pua o ka ʻuala, ua ʻike ʻia lākou me he mau mikroskopika ke kala he gula gula, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou helu.

KAHIKAI

Ke ʻeli nei i nā lāʻau a ʻike i kahi nui o nā cysts ma luna o lākou, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ho'āʻo e lulu iā lākou!

No laila e hoʻopilikia wale i ke kūlana, a hāʻule nā ​​cysts i ka lepo.

He aha ka nematode pilikia

Hoʻopilikia ka Nematode i ke kumu o ke aʻa o ka ʻuala, stolons, nā kūmato. Hiki i ke komo i nā kumu me ka paʻakikī ʻole.

1. Hoʻomaka nā mea kanu i ka wā ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, e hāʻawi i kahi hua liʻiliʻi, a make a make loa.
   
2. Hoʻomaka nā puna i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka nematode. ʻAʻole hoʻopau ʻia kēlā mau kōpala i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole pono ke waiho ʻia iā lākou ma ka waiho ʻana.
   
3. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nematode e hoʻopili iki i ka mea kanu, e lawe pinepine ana i ka maʻi maʻi. A inā he liʻiliʻi ka pōʻino kino, a laila e hoʻokau ʻia nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka nematode i kā lākou hana a luku wale i ka mea kanu.

Mai nā nematodes kanu a hiki ke hōʻalo i ka hua
a i kekahi manawa hou aku ma mua o ka nāʻu kulukia ʻo Colorado.

Komi pinepine nā poho i ka 50% a hiki i ka 80%.

Pono ka pōʻino o nā mea kanu, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe hiki ke lanakila piha i ka nematode, kūkaʻi lākou i nā ʻano pepeke manuahi. ʻO ka Nematodes ka parasitize i ka hapa o ka mea kanu e waiho ana ma lalo o ka ihu o ka lepo, a i kēia manawa hoʻohui pū kekahi i ka hoʻōla a hoʻopiʻi i ka ʻike a me ka ʻike.

KAHIKAI

ʻAʻole hiki iā Nematode ka pōʻino i nā kānaka

Pehea e maopopo ai ua kī ʻia kahi pateta i kahi nematode?

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī loa ka ʻike i kahi nematode ma nā ʻuala i ka wā mua, no ka mea ola ka nematode i lalo.

Hoʻomaʻama pinepine, ʻike nā māla i nā mea kanu kanu i ka nematode i kekahi mau ala:

• hoʻomaka ka ʻaka lau o ka lau i ka melemele, nalowale turgor,
• maloʻo nā mea kanu,
• Hoʻomaopopo pinepine nā hana ma nā pua a me nā pua pua.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kau ʻana o kahi nematode e kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​he hoʻohui kēia. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka minus o kēia ka mea e makemake nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole hiki pinepine ke hoʻopakele iā lākou.

ʻO nā hōʻailona mua loa o ka nematode ma nā mea kanu mea kanu

1. ka hoʻēmi ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka lau o ka lau, i ka wā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina ʻē aʻe no kēia.
   
2. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka heleʻana o kahi nematode ma nā mea kanu mea i nā hōʻoki liʻiliʻi a me ka keʻe ʻana i nā ʻōpū. kūʻai nematodes,
   
3. Eia kekahi, inā e ʻike ʻoe i kahi leʻaleʻa o nā ʻāpana lau haʻahaʻa a me nā wana no nā kumu ʻē aʻe, laila e hōʻike ana kēia i ke ʻano o ka nematode,
   
4. a inā ma ka ʻuala ma kahi o nā pua liʻiliʻi a me nā pua liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke haʻi iā mākou e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi nematode ma nā mea kanu.

Inā hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā mea kanu i ka nematode, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e pua i ka nui, a ʻo ka ʻuala o ka ʻuala ma mua o ka terry.

Inā e ʻeli ʻoe i kēlā mau mea kanu, a laila ma ko lākou ʻōnaehana o ka lāʻau e ʻike ai i nā uhaki - e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike o mua Nā nematodes gall, akā, inā ʻike ʻoe i nā pōpō cyst, a laila e hōʻike ana i kēia i mua o gula nematodes.

I ka hihia no ka kānalua, ke aʻo aku nei au iā ʻoe e hoʻopili aku i nā poʻe loea o kekahi o nā mana hoʻomohi, ʻoiai ʻo ka nematode he mea pōʻino, quantine pest. ʻO ka ʻike koke a me ka luku ʻana i kēia pōpoki ʻo ia ka kī nui o ka kanu piha ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kēia wahi.

Nāiila

No ka mālama ponoʻana o ka nematode, kūpono ia e hoʻohana i nā inisetiisine mai ka hui nematicides.

1. Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka hui pili, e like me

2. Ua ʻae ʻia ia e hoʻohana nā mea inui ke ano ku e ka uka i mea i ka mai a make, eia ka mau laia.

Means o ka hakakā

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano palaloka a me nā decoction e hakakā i ka nematode, e hoʻopau wale ʻoe i kou manawa a me kou ikehu, ʻaʻohe ʻano o lākou mai ia a i ʻole ia, akā he liʻiliʻi nō ia. Ma kēia hihia, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana mai olakino ma mua o nā kānaka e hoʻoponopono ai i nā decoctions a me nā infusions, a ʻaʻohe ʻino o ka ʻenemi mai nā mākaukau olakino a me nā infusions a me nā decoctions.

Wai wai wai

ʻO nā kaʻina kaulana o ka mana, ʻo ia paha ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i ka wai kohua e hoʻohemo ai iā lākou me ka lepo.

1. Hoʻohana ʻia no kēia wai paʻū ʻokoʻa.
   
2. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻāina a hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wai hoʻolapalapa.
   
3. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻokuʻi i ke kaʻina hana i kekahi mau manawa i ka lōʻihi o ka hiki ʻana i ka lepo i ka ʻāina a i ka hohonu loa.

Ua maopopo ke kūleʻa ana o ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo ma o ka ninini ʻana me ka wai hoʻoluhi kūpono e hoʻoulu i nā wahi liʻiliʻi. Akā i nā wahi nui, mai 10 mau ʻehā a ʻoi aku, kūpono ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kemika.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka nematode mai ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻuala?

Hāʻawi ia i ka nematode he hoʻomau a kūlohelohe kūpono ia, no laila he mea nui ia e hana i nā hana a pau e pale i kona helehelena i ka pūnaewele.

ʻO nā hana Agrotechnical e pili pono ana i nā pale pale e pale aku ai ma mua o nā hana pale piha piha a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻoponopono hoʻomalu.

1. No laila, no ka laʻana, he hana pākuʻi e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka nānā ʻana o kahi nematode a pale i nā kūlohelohe mai kona mau hoʻouka ʻana ke kau nei i loko o nā lua i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻuʻu sibk i ka nui o kahi hapa.
   
2. 
   
3. Ma nā wahi o nā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ma hope o ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma luna o lākou, ke noi aku nei au i ka ulu ʻana i ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻokō nei me nā hana agrotechnical āpau no kahi ʻano kīkaha ʻōmaika.

1. Nā mea kanu

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hana kūpono i ka lele ʻana i ka pūnaewele olakino maʻi kūloko nā kamala me ka ʻole o ka hōʻailona liʻiliʻi o nā pōpoki ma luna o kā lākou papa i ke ʻano o nā cysts a i ʻole e noho ana i ka nematode ola.

Pono pono ka manawa kuemea kanu kanu, ʻoi aku paha inā he pilikia nui o ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​palapala ʻaina.

Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana nā lāʻau ʻuala ʻaʻo nemato-kū,

1. mai nā māla mua loa:

2. mai waena waena.

3. mai ke waena waena:

4. mai ʻa-waena

Kuhi ʻia kēia mau kanu lāʻau e ka wā a komo ka pili ʻana i ka umauma, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻūhā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli ʻia i ka pūpū ma loko o ka pākī, ma hope o ka make ʻana o nā palapū.

2. Ka wā huli

E nānā i nā lula hoʻokō hua ʻana. ʻO nā hana Agro-ʻekekema o ka pale a i ʻole pale e pale ai i ka nematode kalepona me ka loli makahiki o ka wahi kahi i manaʻo ʻia e ulu ai i nā ʻuala.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole i kanu i nā ʻuala ma ka papa pūnaewele no nā makahiki he mau makahiki i ka lālani, e alakaʻi kēia i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā pīpī, nā maʻi maʻi, nā pōpoki like ʻole i ka lepo, me ka nematode.

3. Ka mālama ʻana

E hana mau i nā mea kanu kūpono i ka mea kanu, hakakā nā mea kanu make, nā mea kanu wai, a inā i loaʻa nā mea kanu ʻia, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ka pūnaewele a puhi iā lākou ma waho o kāna wahi āpau a ʻaʻole i waiho kahi iā lākou i loko o ka puʻu, hoʻomanaʻo a hiki i ke 11 mau makahiki.

I ka hopena, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ka nematode he pōpilikia, maʻi pākani, aia wale nō ka pale ʻana i kona helehelena, hoʻokūkū a hoʻokele i ka manawa i ka nematode e hoʻopau i ka hanana a hōʻole paha i ka hele ʻana o kēia pōpilikia i kou wahi.

UA KUPALAKAI ANA MOOPILI

• E pili ana i ka papahana
• Hoʻokomo i nā polokalamu kelepona
• No ka launa pū ʻana, e kākau iā [email protected]

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuhana o ka papahana antonovsad.ru hiki ke hanana wale me ka hōʻike pololei ʻana o ke kumu a me ka hiki ʻana o kahi pilina pili mau.

Antonov Garden - kahi pūnaewele no nā poʻe noho manawaleʻa i ke kauwela

Kāhea mākou iā ʻoe i ko mākou kihi ʻihi! E hauʻoli mākou e kamaʻilio a nānā i ka leʻaleʻa o nā māla ʻike i ʻike i nā māla lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻohana i hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a pane mai i nā nīnau. heluhelu a ʻike.

I kēia manawa he 2,000 mau moʻolelo e pili ana i ka kanuʻana i nā ʻōmato, nā kukama a me nā pepa, ka mālama o ka ʻōhā, ka pā a me ka plum, ka lūlū i nā hua no nā hua, ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka pāwīwāwāwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīī.

He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā poʻe noho o ke kauwela e hoʻoholo i ka manawa kūpono o ka kanu ʻana a me nā lā maikaʻi i ka lūlū, ka hoʻohāinu ʻana, hoʻoulu a me ka hoʻoulu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻolaha pinepine mākou i ka kalena ʻo Lunar i kēia manawa a kau i kahi papa inoa o nā hana hana mai Ianuali a hiki i Dekemaba.

Hoʻopiha ʻia nā māhele me nā memo ma ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai o nā hua, nā hua, nā pua a me nā mea kanu. Aia nā loea lawaiʻa hoʻopunipuni no nā wahi climatic āpau. I ka manawa e kanu ai i ka bawang a me ke kāleka ma nā kula? Pehea e mālama ai i nā hua waina i ke ala waena? He aha nā ʻano koho e koho ai no ka ʻAla Hikina? Pehea e pale ai i nā pua ma Siberia?

I kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻohui ai i nā puke e pili ana i ka mālama pono ʻana i ke olakino o nā hua, e pale i nā hua ʻōpio mai ka popilikia a hāʻawi i nā poʻe noho o ke ʻāina i kahi meaʻai a me ka meaʻai kūpono. Pīlī ka poʻe kipa e kaʻana like i nā mākaʻi e pili ana i ka nui o ka noho ʻana o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wahi moe. Ke ʻimi nei mākou i nā ala kūpono i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana i nā maʻi a me ka mea make, ke kaupaʻa nei mākou i nā mana o ka hoʻomuʻi a me ka hōʻu.

Makemake ʻoe e hoʻohanohano i nā ʻōmato nui? Ke koho ʻana i nā pickles maikaʻi loa no ka paʻakai? E ʻimi i ka ʻohi mua? Ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā ala hilinaʻi e hōʻea ai i ka nū? Eʻoluʻolu e nīnau i ka pauku nīnau a pane a loaʻa i nā pane wikiwiki. ʻO nā poʻe loea me nā ʻike, agronomists, nā mea noiʻi a me nā amateurs i ʻike ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka hoʻopunipuni a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo.

ʻO nā māla me ka makemake nui e hana i nā ʻōla kupaianaha piha i ka nani o nā mea kanu a me ka hōʻiliʻili hua maikaʻi! E hai mai iā mākou i kou pehea i hoʻonoho ai i nā malihini malihini i nā moena, nā mea a nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻoikaika ʻia e hoʻāʻo. Hōʻike kiʻi i nā kiʻi paʻi a wehewehe i nā nānā i ke kīhāpai. E hauʻoli ka mea hoʻoponopono a me nā mea heluhelu e ulu lākou i Transbaikalia a me Primorye, nā wahi Leningrad a me Moscow. Kūʻai aku a kūʻai mai i nā mea kanu? Ke ʻimi nei i nā hua mea hōʻiliʻili ʻike ʻole? E kau i nā hoʻolaha pilikino ma ke kūʻai ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku, ʻimi a hāʻawi aku i nā lawelawe. Pehea inā aia nā kamato nunui o ke koho ʻana a ka mea kākau i kou wahi a hoʻouna ʻia mai nā Urals!

ʻAe, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻomaha i kāu ʻoihana aloha, e nānā i loko o nā hoʻohana ʻona - no ke kino olakino a me ka papa ʻaina. Mālama nā momi a me nā meaʻala ma ka home, nā mākaukau nani, mau salads, nā hua i kanu ʻia a me ka barbecue - nā mea a pau a leʻaleʻa i ka manawa a like me ka nānā ʻana o nā hua hou i nā ahiahi hoʻoilo. Pōmaikaʻi ʻo Antonov Garden i nā poʻe a pau no kahi noho o ke kauwela a me ka mahiʻai ke kumu no ka hauʻoli a me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻuhane!

Ka Weike Pest

I ka ulu lāʻau, aia ma mua o 20 tausani mau mea o ka nematodes - puni, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi parasit. Ua lawe ʻia mai lākou mai ʻEulopa mai ʻAmelika Hema, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli i kēia mau makahiki, ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ke hakakā nei ka poʻe mahiʻai a me ka māla mahiʻai i kēia ʻeha.

I ko mākou ʻāina, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā pōpoki mua i ka waena o ka kenekulia 20, i kēia manawa aia kekahi nematode ma nā wahi āpau.

He aha ka nematode? He ʻōkole ʻōkole kēia e hoʻopili ai i nā aʻa, stolons, nā ʻuala huawili, ua komo i ka ʻōpala, kahi e hoʻolalelale ai a hoʻopau i nā ulu o nā lāʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka nematode he dioecious, ʻaʻole hermaphrodites. Loaʻa nā ʻōpū a nā wahine i nā wahi a ʻokiʻoki i nā hua.

I ka hopena o ke kauwela, make nā wahine, i ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi pūpū me kahi pā ikaika ikaika, mai puka mai nā mea ulana. ʻO ke ola o ka pōpō e hilinaʻi i nā mea o ka holoholona, ​​ka maʻi o ka lepo me kahi parasit e hele i nā makahiki he nui.

E pala ka lāki, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai, mālama. ʻO Nematode kahi mea lawe i nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pōʻino i kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia ai. ʻO kēia mau ʻano lua pōpilikia ʻole i make i ke kanaka.

Ua paʻakikī ʻo ia pū ka pilikia, me ka pale ʻana i nā wīwī i nā insecticides konane, parasitize i ka nui ma lalo o ka lāʻau o nā mea kanu, kahi mea paʻakikī i ka wā kūpono.

Nā Manuia

Nui hewa nā ʻano nematodes no nā pālala huaʻai.

ʻO nāʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me ke ʻano no ke ola ʻana, nā ʻano noho o nā pōpoki parasit. Nā hiʻohiʻona nui:

• Laki ka nematode lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi he 1.5 mm paha, pōʻino no ka ʻuala, ka ʻaka, ka hua manu, ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻona. Hoʻāwā ka ʻōhili o nā ʻōpū i nā stolons a me nā kōpī o ka ʻai, ma muli o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā hua (pua), nā pua, ulu nā pua. Noho nā Cysts no 4-5 mau makahiki, ua luku ʻia kā lākou kino i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe,
  
• ʻōpala - nā hamaluna i nā aʻa o nā ʻuala, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana nighthade. I ka wā mua, ke keʻokeʻo (nā pākeke) ke keʻokeʻo, a laila e loli ka ʻōuli. Hoʻopili nā Nematodes i nā aʻa, kahi e haku ai nā mea kuaka (galls) me nā hua a me nā huaʻala.
  
• ke gula - hōʻino i nā aʻa, hoʻokuʻu i nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia e pōʻino ai i ka mea kanu. Ka hopena - ma o nā cysts, hiki i kēlā me kēia ke loaʻa he mau lā he 600-800. ʻAʻole e hina ʻo ia mau ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū ma nā kiʻekiʻe a me ke haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ma lalo o ka radiation, ka ʻike ʻana i nā poʻomaka insecticidal kūlohelohe. ʻO ke kaulike ola o nā cysts a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ka wā o ka huki ʻana o nā mākeke, inā ʻike nui ʻia nā pōpio polikika peʻe ma ke aʻa.
  

Ma kahi kikoʻī! Ke ʻeli nei i kahi lāʻau i paʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i nā aʻa, inā ʻaʻole e hāʻule a hāʻule nā ​​cyst a hāʻule i ka lepo.

Hoʻohālike ka pale nematode me ka ʻano gula, pili ʻia hoʻi i nā ʻano like me ka pona, akā ʻaʻole ʻulaʻulaʻula ke kala o nā cysts, akā he brown-brown. ʻO ka lau lau o nā lau ʻōpū ma nā papa lau o nā mea kanu, ka mea e kūhewa ai i ka photosynthesis a me ka makemake ʻana o nā mea kanu.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino o ka potato

ʻAʻole maʻalahi a ʻike i ka pōpoki ma kahi pūnaewele, ʻoiai e noho ana ma ka lalo o nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau nā māla i ka leo inā ʻike lākou i ka melemele a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kumulā o nā hua kanu, nā kihi o nā poʻo o nā pua liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā e hoʻopili ai nā aʻa a me nā puna o ka moʻomeheu, a hiki ʻole ke kanu ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻia o ka ʻāina i hōʻino ʻia e kahi ʻino kolohe hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā hōʻailona aʻe:

• heihei ʻili no nā kumu ʻike ʻole
• wehe (huakaʻi) i nā ʻāʻala (pili nematode),
• mae wale o nā lau lalo a e ʻoki i nā lāʻau.
• nā pua liʻiliʻi a me nā pua.

I kekahi mau hihia, me nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, aia ka nele o nā pua, a me ka puʻupuʻu o nā pihi. Ke kumu o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa (gall) a i ʻole nā ​​pōkā he nui o nā cysts (gula nematode).

Ma kahi kikoʻī! Inā manaʻo ʻia ua pōʻino ka mea kanu kanu i ka noke nematode, pono e kono ʻia nā poʻe loea mai nā mākaʻi alakaʻi.

Nāiila

ʻOiai he poʻe hāpai pono ʻole o ka mahi ʻai ʻana i ka mea e hoʻohana pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā ʻōpala nematode. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nā ​​insecticides kūlohelohe, akā hana kūikawā "chemistry" - nā kālā mai ka hui o ka nematicides.

• hoa hana - Karbofos, Lindane, Phosphamide,
• nā mea hana - hana ma ka palahele, e komo ana i loko o kona kino i ke ʻano o ka mea i hoʻomoe i ka mai, Chloropicrin, Nemagon, Carbation.

Hoʻopiliʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani, hoʻopili ʻia nā mākau olakino kūʻokoʻa loa, me ka Metarizin a me Basamil.

ʻO nā hopena palekana

I ka hakakā ʻana me kahi maʻi pest, he maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​kolo lāʻau me nā decoction.

He aha nā mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i nā iniseti maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā mua i kūpono ʻole i ke kūlana me nematodes.

ʻO kahi hopena waiwai ʻole i ka wā e luku aku ai i ka hua o ke ʻano a me ka wai me ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana. Akā he maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana e hoʻokō nei i loko o nā māla liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai e pono ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu nunui.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā poʻe noho kauwela i ka kanu ʻana ma kahi kokoke i nā moʻo o ka lawehala o ka marigolds, kahi ʻala o nā mea o ka hoʻopā mai.

Nā hana Agrotechnical

ʻO nā ala e pili ana i ka mahiai he mea pono ke pale aku i ka nematode o nā ʻuala i ʻike ʻia ma ka pūnaewele. I waena o lākou:

• e waiho ana i nā lua i ke kanu ʻana i nā kōkō o nā ʻūpala o kahi ʻala ʻohe i lawe ʻia i nā ilo,
• loli makahiki makahiki o ke kanu ʻana,
• ka hana kanu ʻana i ka lepo (lūlū o ke ʻano manure, ke koena o ka kahua),
• ku e

Nā hana kūpono

He lāʻau hōheu a hoʻomau mau ʻia ʻo Nematode, no laila e maʻalahi ia i ka pale ʻana mai ke kahe ʻana ma ka māla ma mua o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i ka manawa a me ke kālā ma kahi hakakā a me ka hopena ʻole mau.

• ke kanu nei i nā maʻi hānai,
• ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻuala ma mua o ke kanu,
• ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā rula hoʻokō ʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua kanu nā mea noho o ke kauwela i kahi hoʻokahi i nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻo ia ke kumu, ke hōʻemi nei ka baki, nā maʻi, nā ʻawaʻawa i ka lepo, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi e ʻumi a keu paha.
• ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka wai ma mua o ke kanu me ka wai wela,
• ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka wā, ka lau, ka ʻāina,
• ka hemo ʻana o nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu mai nā tupua (ma ka manawa e ulu ana a ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻuala)

Breeders bred momo a me nā ʻano pākato o ka pateta kū i ka hoʻouka ʻana o kahi nematode (e nānā i ka papaʻaina).

I loko o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka ulia, ka paʻakū ʻana o nā kiko, a ua pā ʻia ka pōpoki i loko o ka pā. Hoʻopili aku nā keiki o ka nematodes i ko lākou hiki ke ʻai, a make.

Hoʻohālikelike

Hoʻohālikelike ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nematode ma nā ʻuala i kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe, no ka mea, ua nui kēia pōʻino i ka hōʻino. Mālama ka hoʻokūkū e hoʻokūkū ai ʻoe i ka nematode, me ka pili ʻana i nā loina mahi lawaiʻa a me nā ʻano palekana.

Hōʻino iā Golden Potato Nematode

I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi maʻi, he paʻakikī nui ka hoʻomaopopo i ka pūpū. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona i ka hōʻike o kahi nematode pālato.

• ua mamao nā mea kanu i ka ulu ʻana,
• make wikiwiki o nā lau haʻahaʻa,
• maloʻo ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hoʻomaka ka huli ʻana,
• lana ke au
• ka pua iki a i ʻole ka pau ʻole ʻana,
• make o nā laʻala, nā kōpuna o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi,
• ua ʻoka ke aʻa.

Inā loaʻa nā kuʻuna i nā wahi me nā mea kanu i lalo o ka māla, hiki i kēia ke lilo i kahi hōʻailona o ka dosis nematode. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā hōʻailona 40-50 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā kūmato.

ʻAʻole ka pōʻino o nā kānaka o ke gula nematode gula i ka make ʻana o ka mea iā ia iho ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua aʻa, akā ma ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o nā hua, hiki ke piʻi aku i ka 80% a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pūnaewele no ka kanu ʻana i nā pōhihi pōkole no 10 mau makahiki.

Pehea e pālahalaha ai ka nematode gula gula a pehea e kāohi ai iā ia

ʻOiai ka mea o ka nematode e pili ana i nā mea kuʻemaka, ke ulu mau nei kona ʻano. Lawe ʻia nā cyst mai ka lepo i haumia:

• e ka makani
• nā kāmaʻa, hoʻokomo,
• me ka wai
• me nā mea kanu.

Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā palu parasit, e pili ka nīnau o ka pehea e hana ai i nā nematodes o ka ʻāina i noho maikaʻi i ka lepo. Auwē, hiki i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika "Tiazon" hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau hoʻopau i ka pilikia, no ka mea, ʻo ka cysts hikiʻole i ka hopena o nā mea laha. Hoʻohana ka hana a pau e pili ana a me ka hōʻemi o ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu.

1. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pīpī ʻia ka lepo me ka lime i loko o kahi pālahalaha; i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana e kāwili ʻia me ka lepo.
2. I ka wā kanu o nā kōpī, kahi ʻupena o ka lehu i hui pū ʻia me ka 1 punetēpē o nā ʻōpū manu a me 3 mauʻu o ka manure maloʻo ʻia ka pūpū.
3. E hoʻopau i ka hoʻomakeke ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka lepo me kahi hoʻonā o nā ʻalo manu. No kēia, waʻai ka manure kahe wai i ka wai ma kahi pālahalaha o 1:20. No 1 tapahi. m e hoʻopau mai 5 a 10 mau lita o ka hopena paʻa.
4. I ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huaʻau mai nā cysts, a mākaukau kahi ʻano tincture o nā mea kanu ʻuala. Pono hoʻokahi kime o nā kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi mākaʻi iʻa ʻiʻo, e ninini i ka 10 lita o ka wai a hoʻopaʻa i kahi lā. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Urea i ka lepo, a laila hoʻopau ka hopena (hoʻokahi pahu no 10 sq. M).
5. I ka wā o ka hoʻomāhelehele ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea minuke mineral i nā alapine ma kahi mamao o 5-6 cm mai nā kumu.

E like me ke keʻakeʻa pale ʻana, ʻoi ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ke kāʻili a hōʻoki ʻana i nā ʻano kīpiha a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūʻai ma hope o nā hua kanu. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Inventory a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka nematode:

• Aspia, Pōkia,
• Pushkin, Lukyanovsky,
• ʻAiʻao Zhukovsky, Picasso, Frigate,
• Prolisok, Latona, Crystal,
• Belorussian, Karatop, Mamua.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lāʻau nematode ma luna o nā ʻuala

No ka wā lōʻihi, ua kuhi hewa ka maʻi maʻi no ka stat sibala nematode a wale nō i 60 mau makahiki i hala ka mea i wehewehe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻano pili. Ka nui ka punahele i ka aneane a puni nā ʻāina o ka honua.

Pākuʻi kēia ʻano o ka nematodes i nā wā o ka wā e ulu a mālama i ka manawa i loko o nā hale kūʻai. Hoʻohui i nā mea kanu, hiki iā ia ke ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe: beets, kukama, kamato, legumes, pumpkins. Hōʻike ʻia ka nematode lōpala ʻenehana e ka mauʻu mikroskopika o 0.7-1.4 mm, he kino ʻūnihi a lōʻihi o ko ka wai me ka waiū. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōnaehana mai ko lākou mau mākua i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me kahi papa hana underdeveloped.

ʻO ka hapanui pinepine nā maʻi ma ka uterine tuber i ka wā e ulu nei. Nematode komo i loko o nā lalo o lalo o ka nahele i loko o nā kōpō manuʻa i hana ʻia. ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wī i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka lepo i haumia, i noho ʻole ʻia ai nā ʻōpio mai nā moʻomeheu mua. ʻO ka hua o nā nematode maʻa ke kū i ka mahana a make ʻole i ka wā manuahi.

Hoʻopiʻi ka hua maʻa i ka 4 molting a lilo i kanaka pilikino. Kūpono ka wahine hoʻonani a hala i nā hua he 250 ma loko o kahi pākī. I ka pae mālama wela ma ka pae awelika o + 20-24 ° C, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi hanauna mai 20 a 25 i nā lā. He ākea ka nui o ka mahana ma kahi o ka wahine e hānai i nā hua: mai + 3 ° C a i 37 ° C. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka ua a me ka ua maloʻo maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā nematodes hua uala.

I ka wā o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka ulu lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea kanu "curly" nui, ke pohihihi ʻana o ka lāʻau. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi me nā parasit ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana:

• ma lalo o ka ʻili ke ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻūlū keʻokeʻo - nā wahi o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā pōpoki.
• ma hope mai, e maloʻi ka ʻili o ka ʻili, hoʻokaʻawale loa mai ka pulupula o ke aʻa kolo,
• nā wahi uliuli me kahi puʻuwai metala e kū aʻe ana i nā ʻōpala, e ulu iki ka nui,
• me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, hoʻopau ka peel a nā pōpoki, a me nā mea a pau o ka pūpū he iwi crumbling.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi me ka palapala nematode

ʻO ka pōʻino nui e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka wī palu huaʻai i nā ʻuala. No laila, pono e hana i nā hana e pale ai i ka nematode o ka mea kanu i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā nui o nā hua kanu a i ʻole nā ​​lā 25-30 ulia i kēlā me kēia 1 kg o ka lepo.

Pehea e kū ai me kahi maʻi maʻi:

1. E mālama wale i nā kō wai olakino no ka mālama ʻana.
2. E hoʻomau i ka haʻahaʻa kūpono loa i ka hale kūʻai.
3. Mai hoʻohana i nā mea i pāpā ʻia no ka kanu ʻana.
4. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka wea maʻamau, ka noi ʻana o nā minima mineral i ka wā e ulu nei, ka puhi ʻana o nā ʻū kanu, hohonu hohonu o ka lepo ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
5. ʻO nā moʻomeheu hou aʻe, e like me ka ʻāina i kū ʻia ka nematode no kekahi mau makahiki.

Ma kahi kikoʻī! Ma hope ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ʻia ana e ka nematodes i ke ʻano ma mua o ka hānau ʻana.

Gall nematode

Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻano o nematode i nā mea kanu a i ka ʻāina ākea a i loko. Parasitizes ma o nā ʻano 'ai like, me nā hua kanu. Kūpono ʻia ia i loko o ka ʻoihana a me nā kō. Hoʻopili pololei nā wahine i nā hua i loko o nā aʻa. ʻO nā ʻano āpau o ka nematode o ka ʻuala, ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka ulu ʻana - a hiki i ka 2000 huaʻai, ma muli o nā mea neoplasms - galls - i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā pūnaewele maʻi.

Hoʻopilikia ka hopena i ka kahe o ka wai a me nā mea kanu i loko o ka mea kanu, a ʻo ia hoʻi e alakaʻi i ka pahu i ka ulu, ulu a me ka mea, e pili ana i ka huahana.

1. Huli a ke ʻoki hoʻokō a kūleʻa ʻana i ka maʻi.
2. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i ka lepo me ka māhu a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana mai ka hui Avermectin, he ʻelua pālua o nā mea ola a me nā pūhui ʻona.
3. Hōʻalo ʻia ka kanu ʻana, mea waiwai.

ʻO ka nele o ka ea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā nematodes gall, no laila, i nā makahiki maloʻo, ʻo kā lākou puʻupuʻu nui loa.

ʻO nā Mīkini Nīkoti Nūkini

Loaʻa ka ʻike pinepine ʻia kahi nematode ma nā wahi inā i hele mai ka lepo i kahi waiwai koʻikoʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona kūlohelohe o ka hiʻohiʻona ka hele ʻana o nā "nā ʻōhua" ma ke kīpī: i ka wā o nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nui nā ʻōpala e huli i ka melemele a maloʻo no ke kumu ʻole.

Inā lawe ʻoe i kahi lāʻau i maʻi ʻokiʻoki me kahi aʻa, a laila ma lalo o laila, ʻoi aku paha, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau lālani liʻiliʻi. Ma lalo o ke aniani hoʻohanohano ma nā aʻa ke ʻike ʻia i nā hua melemele liʻiliʻi "grains" - cysts. Akā inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā cysts, pono ke mālama ʻia i ka lāʻau palalaha ma mua me nā kūmole a me ka ʻōpala (kahi i 1 kg) a i ka lua. Ma laila, e hoʻoholo ka poʻe loea i ka heleʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o nā nematodes o ka ʻuala.

Nā pono no ka pale ʻana a me ka kāohi ʻana i ka nematode o ka ʻuala

He ʻenemi kūwaho ka ʻenekoti kuke, a hiki wale ke kiʻi ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano āpau holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ala kūpono a palekana hoʻi no ka luku piha ʻana i ka nematode o nā mea kanu. Eia naʻe, mai minamina. Ma ʻEulopa, ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia parasito ma mua o Lūkia, ma aneane he nui nā wahi quarantine ma laila, akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻuala i laila (ʻoi aku ʻo Dutch).

Inā kū ʻoe i kāu pūnaewele i loko o ke kahua kuikahi, a laila ma muli o kekahi mau lula, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā momona maikaʻi.ʻO ka mea wale e hoʻomanaʻo ai: hiki i nā ʻuala mai nā wahi kuʻuna a ke ʻai ʻia a ʻaina paha i nā ʻoihana kaiaulu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia aku i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

I mea e hoʻokō ai i ka nematode o ka mea kanu, e lawe ana ia ma mua o hoʻokahi mau makahiki o ka hana paʻakikī, akā hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia kona heluna i loko o hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau makahiki.

Inā ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka nematodes e pili ana i ka 3-5 cysts no 100 cm³ o ka lepo, ʻaʻohe mea o ka pōʻino i ka ʻuala. Hoʻemi nui ka huahana a loaʻa i ka 10-16 a i ʻole nā ​​cysts e loaʻa i ka 100 cm³ o ka lepo.

Aia kekahi mau ala maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e pili ana i nā nematodes kalepona:

Huli ʻaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu i kēlā makahiki i kēia makahiki ma ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā hana ʻē aʻe, akā kanu wale nō i nā mea kanu i ka wahi hoʻokahi i ʻole ma mua o kēlā me kēia ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, e hele nui ʻia ka pūnaewele me ka nematode kanu ma mua o 45 mau makahiki ma hope.

Inā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka pā, a ʻaʻohe manawa no ka wīwī hua ʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā hua kanu i kū ʻole i ka nematode: Sante, Krinitsa, Red Scarlet, Atlant, Rosaru, Vesnyanka, Uladar, Breeze, Veras, Lileya, Janka, Lapis lazuli, Scarb, Zhuravinka, Rodrigo. ʻAʻole kū wale ka ʻōnaehana o kēia mau ʻano i ka parasit, akā e pepehi ana a hiki i 80% o ka uluna nematode.

Akā hoʻohālikelike koke nā pōpoki. No laila, ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kanu ʻia nā ʻano pālei nematode no ʻekolu mau makahiki mau, a no ka makahiki ʻehā - e hoʻohana i nā hua o nā ʻano maʻamau. Eia kekahi koho ʻē aʻe: e ulu ulu wale i nā ʻano o nemato-pale, akā e hoʻololi iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻehā.

I ka wā hemo, pono nā wela a me nā nāhelehele mai ka wahi i ʻino ʻia. Pono e mālama ʻia nā pono āpau: pono nā maʻi āpau hana ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka hopena 4% formalin.

Fertilizer no ka nematode ʻuala - mea ʻala. No laila, i ka oi a me ka puna, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka urea i ka lepo.

Inā liʻiliʻi ka mahele i ka nematode, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻeli i kahi lua 1 m hohonu, e hōʻiliʻili i nā pihi i make a me ka mauʻu i loko, a laila e hoʻopiha me ka urea i ka nui o ka 5-6 kg o 1 m³ o ka mau mākaukau. E ninini i nā mea a pau ma luna me ka honua mai kahi wahi ʻaʻole ʻia.

Ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e koho pono i nā kūleʻa olakino ponoʻī, holoi a holoi iā lākou a kāpīpī i ka hopena o ka potassium permanganate (0,5 gram pā 10 mau wai ka wai).

Ke kanu nei, e hoʻohana i ka ʻōpū manu manu (ka manu, moa, ʻūua) i mea kanu. Inā maloʻo ka litter, ma kahi o hoʻokahi puna e hoʻohui ʻia ma kēlā me kēia luawai. Loaʻa ka līo i ka ʻōpala o ka 1:10 a me ko ka wai i kanu ʻia i kanu ʻia.

No ka nematode, ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o nā aʻa o ka rye, marigolds, marigold, legumes (beans, pīni, pī, piula, mustard, clover is detrimental. A hiki i ka 90% o nā hua laka ke hiki ke luku ʻia inā kanu ʻia ke kō i ka waenakonu o Kepakemapa. Ma mua o nā frosts, pono e ʻeli ʻia ka mahina ʻai, a lilo ka lau i ʻōpio he ʻano mea maikaʻi loa i ka pūnāwai. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe, ma nā aʻa a nā nodules e loaʻa ai ka nitrogen, e kanu pinepine ʻia ma waena o nā lālani o nā ʻuala.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka nematode. I ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lepo kanu, e hana like ʻoe i nā kūlana no ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i nā ʻōiwi.

Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻike ʻana o ka nematode, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pōmole aʻala ʻona, no ka laʻana, ʻo thionazine. Eia naʻe, pono e uku ʻia kēia mau kālā e like me nā kauoha i hala ʻole 6 mau pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.

Ke Hoʻoulu ʻana o Kentang Nematode Larvae

ʻO ka cysts Potato nematode, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5-0.8 kūmole, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano spherical. I ka cyst he aneane 2-3 mau anana me nā hua, ma kekahi mau mea e hiki ai ka nui o nā hua e piʻi a hiki i 600 mau ʻāpana.

ʻO ka mahele palani mua e kū nei i ka membrane hua manu. Ua māhelehele ʻia ke kino o ka larva i nā māhele. Ke keʻokeʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu. Me ka mea hoʻopuka waha e like me ka ihe ʻoi, me ke kōkua o ia mea ua ku e ke alo i ka mea kanu lāʻau a ʻona ʻia me nā ʻano wai.

I loko o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, lilo nā ʻōlehu me ka neʻe ʻole, hānai lākou i ka ʻapo ʻona. Aia he 4 mau kuli o ka hoʻomohala i nā aʻa. I ka manawa hope, ʻike ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Ke kelepule gula Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis).

Hoʻohālike ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā nematodes ʻuala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea iniseti he nui. Hōʻalo kēia mau pōpoki i ka wā e hoʻopaneʻe ai ka cuticle. Inā mahana a paʻa ka lūlū, a laila hoʻomohala nā pōpoki ma kahi o 43 lā. Inā ʻae ʻia nā kūlana, a laila e ulu ka lua o ka hanauna. No ka hoʻolālā, pono ke panana i kahi mahana ma luna o 15 mau kiʻekiʻe, inā ua emi ke ʻano o ka mahana, a laila ua emi nui ka hana o nā pōpoki.

ʻO ka nematode ʻōpio makua

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā nematodes ʻōpio pākeke ma mua o nā ʻōhule. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino i nā kāne he filiorm, elongated, a i nā wahine - ʻoi aku ka pōʻai.

ʻO ka helu o kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā kāne like ʻole i pili i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia ma luna o ka nui o nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia e ka wahine. Loaʻa i nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio nā kala keʻokeʻo, e loli me ka manawa i ka melemele, a laila ʻulaʻula.

Noho nā Males ma kahi o 100 lā. Inā ʻaʻole pono ke kūlana, hānau hou nā kāne.

ʻO ka manawa mua ma ʻEulopa, ua loaʻa i ka nematode kentang i 1913, i Kelemania, me nā huaʻu i kau ʻia.

ʻO ka hana hou i ka nematodes o ka ʻuala

Hele aku ʻo Males i ka lepo, e ʻimi i nā hoahana a kanu i kā lākou. Noho ka wahine ma ke aʻa o nā mea kanu, hua manu ma loko o lākou.

I nā hihia kūʻokoʻa ka hopena, hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili parthenogenetic. Kuhi ʻia kēia hānai ma nā nematodes pākīpī, nā nematodes aila gula a me nā nematode hua kanu.