ʻO ka zebra ulaula (Metriaclima estherae) ʻaʻole nā mākaʻikaʻi ikaika loa o ka hui mbuna, akā naʻe, he hoa aloha i ka cichlid i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. He mea ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ʻoi aku kēia. ʻOkoʻa like nā kala o nā kāne like ʻole, a manaʻo paha ʻoe he ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia. ʻOiai he nui o nā kala o Red zebras, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahine ʻuluʻulu a he uliuli nā kāne. Hoʻopili like kēia ʻano holoholona i kekahi meaʻai, hana hou me ka ʻole pilikia, a mālama i kāna hua ʻai ʻaʻole hoʻi i hana i nā pilikia kūikawā.
ʻO Pseudotrophyus red zebra kahi koho maikaʻi loa no nā amateurs a me nā mea nona nā iʻa ʻona akamai. Inā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka loli pinepine ʻana i ka wai i ka mea aquarist, na kāna e kāohi i ka poʻe kamaʻilio kūpono, mālama pono ʻole i kēia mbuna. No ka mālama hānai manuahi, mai lawe i hoʻokahi kāne a i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha wahine no kēlā me ka 110 cm aquarium.
Pono nō hoʻi e hāʻawi i kahi nui o nā wahi e peʻe ai ka iʻa. Inā makemake ka mea aʻoaʻo e mālama iā Red Zebras me nā mbuns, a laila makemake ʻia kahi nui aku. ʻO kēia iʻa akuarium, ʻike ʻia i ka zebra Grant, kahi ʻāpana o kahi pūʻulu cichlid i kapa ʻia ʻo Mbuna. Aia ma kahi o 12 mau ʻano o ka hui, kēlā me kēia mea he ikaika loa a he mana hoʻohua hoʻi. Hiki i kēia iʻa ke hoʻohālikelike.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO Metriaclima estherae, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka zebra Estera Grant, i wehewehe ʻia e Conings i 1995 a noho ʻo ia ma Lake Malawi (ʻApika). Ua hōʻike aku ka mea noiʻi i kēia ʻano ʻano ma hope o Esther Grant, ka wahine o ka ichthyologist ʻo Stuart Grant.
ʻOiai ka hapa nui o ka heluna Metriaclima estherae e noho kokoke ana i ka ʻāpana Minos, ʻike kekahi mau kanaka ma Meluluk (Mozambique, ʻApelika). E like me ka nui o nā Mbuns, makemake nui ka iʻa e noho ma nā wahi i kahi e loaʻa ai nā algae punahele - aufwux. Aufvuks lōʻihi loa algae e ulu ana ma luna o nā pōhaku. Hiki paha iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā hua o nā pepeke, nymphs, crustaceans, snails, ticks a me nā zooplankton ʻē aʻe.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia kēia cichlid ma ka ʻepekema ma lalo o nā inoa like ʻole. ʻO kēia kahi pilikia a ʻaʻole i kū pono. I ka wā i ʻike mua ʻia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pseudotropheus estherae a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nona ka genus Pseudotropheus, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi subwa o nā iʻa pili i kapa ʻia ʻo Zebras.
Ma hope mai, ua ʻike like ʻole ka iʻa, a ma 1984, he mea maʻamau ka kāhea iā lākou ʻo Zeeland e hoʻokaʻawale iā Zebras i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia inoa, mai ka inoa o nā ichthyologist kaulana - ʻo Hans Mayland. Eia naʻe kekahi pilikia i kēia inoa, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kekahi o nā koi i hāʻawi ʻia no nā inoa ʻepekema. No laila, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ke kūlana o ka "nomen nudum", ʻo ia hoʻi ke hana ʻole ʻia ka inoa me he mea ʻepekema. Eia nō naʻe, eia nō naʻe ke kūkā nei kēia pilikia.
I ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kapa hou i ka iʻa i ka Metriaclima. E like me ka wā ma mua, loaʻa pū ka inoa. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole i hālāwai ʻia nā koi no ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā inoa ʻepekema. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā luna no ka ʻae ʻia. ʻOiai ke inoa ʻepekema kēia ʻo Metriaclima, ʻo nā mea a pau i kūka ʻole ke kuleana o ka inoa hoʻokahi. No laila, aia nā inoa ʻelua o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo Metriaclima estherae a me Maylandia estherae, ua manaʻo ʻia he pololei, a i kekahi manawa aia ʻo Pseudotropheus estherae i hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻO keʻano
Hiki i nā ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula ke ola a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou kino a like lākou me kahi torpedo ma kona kūlana. ʻAʻole like ke kala o ke kāne kāne a me ka wahine, ʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole: nā kāne o ke ʻano ʻulaʻulaʻula i ʻulaʻula ʻia i ka polū polū me nā poli kūloko pōpilikia a me nā wahi 4-7 a kokoke i ka lua anal. ʻO ka haki o kēia ʻano ka mea maʻalahi loa e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o lākou iho - hānau ʻia ke kāne ʻeleʻele, a ulaula ka wahine.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā aniani ke "pula keʻulaʻula" ka ʻulaʻula wale nō, akā i ka ʻulaʻula ʻula ʻole hoʻi me nā laina laina ʻole. ʻO kā lākou palaoa ka hānau me nā kala like like me ka wahine, akā ma hope o ka hōʻea o nā kāne i 6 cm ka lōʻihi, hoʻomaka lākou e loli i ka kala.
Aia pū kekahi ʻano o nā "albinos", akā ma ka hihiu he ākea loa lākou. Hiki i nā wahine ke melemele, ʻulaʻula, a me ka ʻulaʻula hoʻi me kahi ʻāpana pōkole. Eia kekahi, ua nānā lākou i ʻekolu mau wahi kokoke i ka lua anal.
Ke hoʻolauleʻa nei i nā zembra ʻulaʻula
ʻO nā ʻelele o nā ʻano hua ʻai ʻo Metriaclima estherae he mau iʻa aquarium omnivorous, akā makemake lākou i nā huahana mea kanu ma ke ʻano mau. ʻOiai hiki i nā zebras ke ʻai i ka zooplankton i ka wao, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā lākou mau kai e lilo i mau lāʻau a me nā meaʻai like ʻole. ʻO nā meaʻai like o kēia ʻano e kūpono iā lākou, akā i mea e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ai ke kino kino, pono ia e hoʻohui i ka meaʻai paʻa, ka hoʻouluulu, nā cyclops, a i ʻole nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka cichlids. Hiki i kekahi manawa ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka iʻa iʻa poʻala a iʻa nauplii brine shrimp. He mea kūpono ia e ʻike wikiwiki ai nā zebras i ka wikiwiki, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōiho pākuʻi iā lākou.
Eia kekahi, makemake ʻo Metriaclima i ka algal fouling, no laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho ke kumukūʻai o ka meaʻai ma mua o ka hihia o nā cichlids karnivorous. Hōʻike ʻia e hānai pinepine i ka iʻa, akā i nā wahi liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili koke ʻia a ʻaʻole lākou e pōʻino i ka wai. Pono nā huaʻawa a me nā meaʻai holoholona i ka meaʻai, akā, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻolauna me ka protein no ka mea e loaʻa paha ka iʻa ma ka pua.
Ma ka paukū aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻonaninani olakino ʻo Metriaclima a me ko lākou mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i nā ngabuns ʻē aʻe.
Pono ʻo Metriaclima estherae i kahi aquarium e ana i ka liʻiliʻi o 250 lita me ka lōʻihi o 122 kenimika. Inā ʻaʻole nā māka o kēia ʻano ʻōiwi wale nō me ka poʻe hoʻopaumaha o ka aquarium, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa. Ua hoʻomaha ʻia nā zebras i ka wai hou a i ʻole ʻoi paha ka wai, ke kūlana koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i ka holo mau ʻana o ka wai me kāna kānana maikaʻi ʻana. Pono nā hoʻohui a me ke one ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka aquarium - e kōkua lākou i ka mālama i ka pH i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka lei. Loaʻa nā pōhaku a me ka driftwood i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi helu nui a me nā wahi e hiki ai i nā iʻa ke peʻe. E kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā kanaka a me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaiāulu. Makemake nā zebra ʻula e eli i ka lepo, no laila pono e kau ʻia nā pōhaku ma luna o ka one, ʻaʻole e kanu iā lākou i loko.
Hoʻopilikia koke ka maikaʻi o ka wai maikaʻi i ke olakino o cichlids. Ma muli o ke ʻano o Red Zebra i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai, pono kahi hoʻololi hebedoma o 30% o ka wai (e like me ka nui o nā mea ola i loko o ka haleaku) a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā paia o ka aquarium i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua. Inā hōʻike ka iʻa i ka huhū nui, hiki iā mākou ke noi i kahi loli i ke kahua o nā pā hale a me nā minks, kahi e hiki ai i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ke kaiāulu a me kahi hōʻano hou o ke wahi. ʻO ka lūlū ʻana ma nā cichlids Malawian he maʻi maʻamau no kēia mau iʻa, ʻano like o nā mea ʻai i hoʻomoe ʻia kaʻai ʻana o nā huahana holoholona ma mua o nā huahana lāʻau. He nui nā maʻi ʻulaʻula ʻokoʻa i nā iʻa wai āpau.
Pono nā kūlana
Hōʻike ʻia nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o Lake Malawi e kahi ʻike kiʻekiʻe o nā minima like ʻole. Ma muli o kēia a me kahi lehulehu o nā vapors, e hōʻike ana i ka wai ma loko o ke kai me kahi mea nui o ka alkalis a me nā minela. ʻIke ʻia ka loko no kona kaona a me ka paʻa o nā mea ʻike i ke ʻano he nui, e like me pH. Mai kēia mea maopopo ke kumu pono e nānā pono i nā ʻāpana wai i loko o ka hale ʻauʻa me ka iʻa mai ka Lake Malawi. Hoʻopilikia ka pilikia o ka lāʻau hoʻomā i ka ammonia me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pH, no laila, ʻaʻohe mea e poina e hoʻololi i ka wai ma ka aquarium. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia mau koi, hiki i ka iʻa e hoʻonui hou i nā loli i ka pH.
ʻĀwaha: 6-10 ° dH
pH: 7.7 - 8.6
Hāpai: 23 -28 ° C
He kūlike nā Zebra cichlid me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mbuna ʻO ka hui maikaʻi loa o nā mea hoʻokahi he 1 kāne a me 2-3 wahine. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka nimble i loko o ka pākui e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, pono pono nā loli pinepine. Hiki ke paʻa ʻia nā Metriaclima estherae e like me nā Mbunas i emi ʻole mai ka Malawi, akā inā i like ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole ke ʻano like ʻole a like ʻole, ke kūʻē a me nā keʻa ʻana me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pōkole ke nānā ʻia, i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe hihia e mālama ʻia nā zebras me Haplochromis, ʻoiai nā zebras e like me nā Mboons āpau, e huhū loa nei lākou iā lākou.
Aia ma luna he kāne o ka zebra ulaula, a ma lalo kekahi wahine (kiʻi e Michael Persson)
ʻO Zebra kāne a me nā wahine
Hoʻomalima ke kāne i ke aniani polū me nā pihi polū kūpaʻa a i ʻole ma nā kala ʻoni-ʻulaʻula ʻole me nā kāwili. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ke kāne kokoke i ka anal anal mea mai 4 a 7 paha mau mea hoʻohālikelike. ʻEleʻele ka wahine i ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole nā kala like ʻole. Ma kahi kokoke i ka fin anal, he ʻekolu aʻe ʻo ia. Hele ia he ʻano pōkoleʻeleʻele i ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAno hānau
Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻāpana kūmole i ke pio ʻana. Hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Puberty i loko i ka iʻa a hiki i ka nui o 7-8 kenimika. Inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka kala i makemake ʻia iā ia iho i ka iʻa i kūʻai ʻia no ka hoʻoulu, e lawe koke ʻoe i nā kihi 7-10. No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka spawning, pono e hānai ʻia nā mea hana i nā meaʻai ʻelua i ka lā hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, pono lākou i kahi lewa mālie. Inā ʻaʻole lele ʻole ka Red Zebras, a laila he hapa nui loa kekahi o ka iʻa, a pono ʻoe e haʻalele aku i ka aquarium. ʻO ka hala ʻole o nā iʻa ikaika e hoʻokū i kahi hau i hōʻoluʻolu ke hāpai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka Metriakima.
Ua hānai ka wahine mai 20 a 30 mau huaʻai a hoʻopaʻa pono iā ia i loko o kāna waha a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hōʻalo ke kāne i kāna lua anal, aia ma nā wahi like me ka hua, no ka mea, ʻo ka wahine, ʻo ka hilahila iā lākou me kāna mau hua manu, hoʻāʻo pū e hūnā iā ia i loko o kāna waha. Ma kēia ala, hōʻeuʻeu i ke kāne e hoʻokuʻu i ka sperm a kanu i nā hua. I loko o 2-3 mau pule i kahi mahana o 28 ° C, kau ka pehu i ka mālamalama. Pau ka ʻala i nā wai hoʻomoʻa ma ka paukū maloʻo a me Artemia nauplii. I ka wā mua, mālama ka wahine i kāna keiki. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e maʻalahi ana ke ola no ka palaoa inā he nui nā hale i loko o ka aquarium. ʻO ka kala kala ʻana o ka iʻa o ka "ʻulaʻula-uliuli" me ke ʻano mua i like me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka wahine. Hoʻomaka nā Males e hoʻololi i ke kala ma hope o ka hiki ʻana aku i 6 sentimita ka lōʻihi. Hānau ʻia nā pua pāmaʻomaʻo "red red" a he ʻulaʻula ʻolele, a ʻo nā wahine me kahi ʻulaʻula pale.
Wahine wahine ʻulaʻula ulaula (Metriaclima estherae) me ka caviar i loko o kona waha (kiʻi e kimonasandrews)
Yolk Larvae (kiʻi ʻo Michael Persson)
RED ZEBRA MORPH
Manaʻo ia ʻo ka hiʻona o nā kāne he ʻano xanthoric o ʻūnū ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, he hopena o kahi ʻano kūlohelohe. Ke ulu a ulu, nā ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo e ulu mai ka palaoa. Akā ʻo ka pilikia, ma ka hoʻokau ʻana ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Mai Moscow, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻōlelo ai, mai ke kūloko, "zebra" i ulu i ka iʻa keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo like like ʻole. E mana ʻia, a e ʻae lākou i ke ala ke ʻano o lākou, akā, a laila? ʻO wai ka mālama?
Akā, ʻo ka mea mua, ke pīhoihoi loa au no ke aha i ʻole ai kekahi o ka moʻolelo o 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi e kanu ai i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i kūkala nui i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka mismatch o ka hele a me ka inoa. A ʻo ka lua, i ka makahiki o nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka makahiki 1986, ua kūʻai aku au i ʻelua ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻekahi ma luna o ka manu kahiko ʻo Birdie (ʻo ka nui ka nui o ka nui o ke kālā "kula"), he mau makahiki ma hope aʻe ua ulu i loko o ka iʻa heterosexual a hoʻomaka e hoʻomau ikaika. No laila, ke kāne kope kope kope loa o ka wahine, i.e. ʻāpana-ʻulaʻulaʻula.
A laila, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo, ke hoʻomaka nei wau i kaʻu huakaʻi aquarist a ʻaʻole nā kāne i ʻaihue me ka ʻē aʻe, ma kahi ʻē, i kēlā manawa ua ʻike ʻia iaʻu: ʻelua ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻelua - ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. Maʻaleʻa keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula hoʻi - iʻa keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula, a laila
ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi kāne zebra ʻulaʻula
E like me ka fiction mua o ka maʻa maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻāpana piha o ka puʻu ʻo Malawian nona ka genus Pseudotropheus (Pseudotropheus). Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau iʻa a kapa ʻia ʻo Ps.zebra, e ukali ʻia e ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke ʻano o ka iʻa no ka orientation i nā ʻano kala. Eia nā huaʻōlelo nui: ʻelua ʻulaʻula - Red Whero (RR), ʻulaʻula - Pulaʻulaʻula - ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, mau ʻulaʻula nā kāne, nā ʻōpio, pau loa i ka ʻōpū o ka lawena lau nui manu), keokeo - W (keʻokeʻo), piebald. etc. ʻO ka mea nui loa, nā morphs kala ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, e ulu ana, e pili pū ana i ka hoʻopukapuka i haʻi ʻia.
KA MANAO O RED ZEBRA
No laila, e noʻonoʻo iaʻu, i kekahi manawa, ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻelua o nā ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻūmua mai nā ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula, me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā nuances liʻiliʻi, a hele aku i ke kūʻai ma lalo o ka inoa holoʻokoʻa "ʻelua ʻulaʻula." No ka mea ua nānā lōʻihi nā ʻoihana ʻoihana: ʻulaʻula nui ka iʻa, a ʻoi pālua ʻia, ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea a pau. Mai kēia, aneʻi paha, ua hele ka "zebra ʻulaʻula ʻōwili", no ka mea ʻōpio he mea hoʻomaka, ʻaʻole wale ia e like me ke ʻano he "zebra", ʻaʻole nō hoʻi ia he lua papalua.
VIDEO PSEUDOTROPHEUS RED ZEBRA Metriaclima estherae
Pono e ʻōlelo ua hoʻokaʻawale kaʻawale ka hui polymorphic o nā zebras i nā 90s o ke kenekulia i hala aku nei i kekahi ʻano genera. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa manu i hele i ka genus Metriaclima, i hoʻopuka nui loa i nā ola o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea loiloi, nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka manawa e wehewehe i nā aku i loko o ka aquarium no ka manawa haneli he kumu no ka iʻa ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula ʻole o nā ʻōpio i kapa ʻia he zebra.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻaʻālua i ka wā i kapa ʻia ʻo Metriaclima estherae. Me kēia inoa, ʻaʻole pono nā iʻa o kēia ʻano ʻelua, a ʻo ka mea i kani ʻia me ka ʻōlelo mua (RR) i kēia manawa e ʻike ʻia.
Akā i kēia manawa ua hala nā hanana nui he nui no ka pāhana ʻoihana no kā mākou ʻāina.
- Ua nalowale ka "Iron Curtain" maikaʻi loa, a me nā mea a pau e pili ana i kona alo, me ka hiki ʻole ke kūʻai a lawe mai i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole a loaʻa kālā kālā ma luna.
- Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ko Rūkū kālā e uku no kēlā mau lula.
- Ua hiki mai ka Pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ai i ka ʻikepili ke hoʻohana i ka dosed, belatedly a me kekahi manawa me nā manaʻo nui.
Aia i ka meleniuma hou, ua ʻike hope wau i Moscow i kaʻu zebras lōʻihi lōʻihi. Ua kū ʻia he corny nani. I ke kipa ʻana i kahi hoa kula (ʻoi aku kaʻu mau hana i kēia manawa), ʻo ka mea i hoʻi hou mai nei mai kahi huakaʻi hele i Czech Republic, ʻike wau i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula pālua i kekahi o kāna mau aquariums ʻekolu ʻekolu-liter. ʻO ka morph like me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka manawa ma kahi mamao aku i kēia makahiki 80s.
ʻO ka mea i hoʻohanohano i kēia mau iʻa mai ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻole wale nō ke ʻano ʻulaʻula like o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā ua hōʻike pū ʻia nō hoʻi ia i ke dorsal fin, ʻo ia hoʻi i hōʻike ʻia ʻia i nā kāne. He ʻelemakule nā iʻa, ua piha nā pūʻulu ʻehā mau kāne, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi pākani o nā ʻāpana like ʻole.
He kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka "rarity" maikaʻi loa, no ka mea, ua haʻi mai kahi hoaaloha iaʻu: Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻohana "me ka hana lima", e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kaʻu mau moʻolelo e pili ana i nā pāpale ʻulaʻula a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā zebra, hele mai ka Pūnaewele, i hiki ai ke loaʻa ka ʻike i loaʻa ʻia ma mua. kaumaha loa ʻia, belated a me kekahi manawa i nā manawa nui.
ʻO ka wahine pseudotrophyus ʻulaʻula ulaula
Ma ka home, waiho wau i nā kāne i loaʻa i ka wahine a me nā wahine ʻelua i loko o ka wai pāpaona 500 me ka ʻalala kūpaʻa kūpaʻa "ma lalo o ka pōhaku," a me nā ʻano o Malawians he mau hoalauna o nā poʻe noho hou, koe wale nō nā iʻa mai ka zebra complex (e kāpae i nā ʻano māla maʻamau). Ma keʻano pilikino, pono wau e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana manuahi ʻulaʻula mai kēia wahi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻoluʻolu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano like ʻole i nā poʻe hoʻomaka me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pehu turquoise i nā palahalaha.
"Noho koke ʻo Czechs" i kahi wahi hou a, loaʻa i ke kaʻawale ʻana, hoʻomaka ka mea mālama nui iā ia.Ua koho ke kāne nona iho i kahi nui grotto-rock nui a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia i ka ʻona aku ka nui, me ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ko lākou noho ʻana i ka wā hoʻomaha. Ua loaʻa ka wahine nui i ka pali ma mua o ka kānana, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi e makemake i ka puʻu ʻana i ka wai wai. ʻOiai, ʻo ia nō paha, ʻaʻole ia i lawa i nā wahi hana ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ua neʻe koke ka mua o ke kāne i ka wahine nui ʻulaʻula nui. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka lepo keu, i kāna nānā koʻikoʻi, mai ka grotto, hīmeni mau ʻo ia i kēia manawa.
Puhi i kona kino holoʻokoʻa, kau ʻo ia i ka fin anal me nā hua manu-i hoʻohalahala ʻia, a ke kūlohelohe ʻo bizarrely, kāhea aku i kāna hoa hana i kahi māla maikaʻi, i hoʻopoina ʻole ʻia me ka hoʻāla like ʻole e pīpī i ke koena o nā hoahānau aku.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ka mea hoʻomaka, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lilo i alakaʻi o kēia biotope kūlohelohe. Hoʻokahi hale kāne wale nō - Pseudotropheus (Metriaclima) lombardoi hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi makana kūpono.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, hele hou ka peʻa i loko o ka grotto, a ma hope ua hoʻi ka wahine me ka waha o ka caviar i kona wahi.
No ka mea ua hoʻohālikelike wau iaʻu iho e haʻalele i nā pua o 10 mau lā o nā Malawians i loko o nā ʻeke kīwila me ka puʻukū wai no ka ʻūhū ʻana a hoʻohana wale nō i nā incubator ma ke ʻano he hope loa, ma hope o ka kenekulia iwakālua e pili ana i 40 mau ʻōpala i hūnā ʻia mai i ka wahine a waiho ʻia i loko o kēlā mau ʻeke. I loko o ia mea, ua ola lākou i nā hana āpau e pono ai ka metamorphosis a ma hope o nā lā he ʻumi (me kahi haʻalele iki) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka ulu.
A pīhoihoi ka pīhoihoi, ʻo ka mea mua, ua ʻulaʻula a a me ka lua o ka mea, ʻaʻohe like me ka pigment pigment i kā lākou kala, ʻoi loa ka "paipai" i nā kino o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula maʻamau i kūʻai ʻia.
Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka palaoa i nā artemia decapsulated a ulu maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole i liuliu, i kekahi o nā palala, ʻoi aku ka dorsal, ua waiho ʻia kahi papa polū i ke ākea, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o nā ʻōpio. Akāʻo ka saturation o ke kala o ke kino, i ka hopena, ua emi iho. Hoʻohala ʻoliʻoli kēia ʻano ʻeke i ka manawa e make ai nā kānaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ka makahiki. Hoʻohālikelike kēia iā ia mai kahi zebra nui ulaula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke ʻula ʻihi, a laila huli i ka ʻoli (ʻoi aku ka ʻano o nā kāne).
ʻAʻole au i hilinaʻi nui i ka hānai i nā iʻa o Czech kahi, akā i kēia lā i kekahi mau hanauna o nā pūʻulu o nā makahiki like ʻole o kēia mau cichlids ʻauʻau i loko o kaʻu aku. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo nei ua kū maoli ka moe o ka ʻaina pālua.
ʻO nā ʻōhua wai i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu a mālama i ka iʻa i loko o ka pōkole e like me kēia: ka nui o ka ʻāʻī 18 ° dGH, pH 7.8, pāhana 28 ° C, ka hoʻāla mau a me ka filtration
Ma ka ʻōlelo, ua kūpono nā wānana i kahi ʻoi loa e pili i nā kikoʻī kūleʻa o Malawian red zebras. No laila, hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka wai ke ʻano mai ka 7 ° a 27 °, ka pH mai 6.8 a 8.5, hōʻemi ka pāʻana i ka 23 ° C a me ka mahana a hiki i ka 33 ° ke ʻae ʻia me ka ʻole e hoʻopololi i ke olakino o ka iʻa. ʻO ka mea nui ke kūleʻa o ke aupuni, a me nā loli, inā he ʻoluʻolu. Akā, ʻaʻole pili kēia kūlana i ko Malawians wale nō, akā no ka hapa nui o nā mea noho o lalo.
ʻAʻole wau e hānai i kaʻu iʻa me ka meaʻai ola, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo ʻino i kahi mea hou. ʻO ka papaʻa ʻana o kaʻu mau holoholona o ka pūpū i hui pū kekahi o nā granule, flakes a me nā mea kūpono e hoʻohana ai a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi ʻia ana e kā mākou zoo hana Inā he hoa kūleʻa ʻo ʻoe i nā "crackers," hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana palekana i ka daphnia, nā kōlopa, nā coronet a i ʻole nā wīwī, a me ka ʻiʻo i kālai ʻia, iʻa, nā iʻa ʻala kōpili, a me nā mea.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka meaʻai mea pono ka mea kanu. Ke kūlohelohe nei, "nā zebras" - nā mea pili i ka ʻohana Malawian o Mbuna - noho i ka pali pōhaku a me ka pohō i lalo o ka wai me nā lau o ka algae. ʻO kahi plankton a i kahi pānaʻi ʻaʻole i moe ʻole i ka manawa kūpono he mea hoʻohui pū ʻia i ka mea ʻala huaʻai.
Ke mālama nei ʻoe i loko o ka hale kia aku, pono e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana ka ʻulaʻula "i nā mea he ʻala a me ka mea nui i ʻōlelo ʻia, no laila, he wahiona 300 mau mālaea, elongated a i ʻole ka hapa lalo, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia iā lākou (i hiki ke kanu ʻia kekahi). ʻOiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hihia he nui o ka nui o ka metriaclim ma loko o nā moina haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa i ka littoral environment, nā mea hoʻonaninani kūpono i kēia hihia he mau pōhaku o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hana - nā mea kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea i hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo i ka wai me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu e hiki ke hana me kā lākou dummies plastic. ʻO ka nohona hiki iaʻu ke kuhikuhi wale i kahi hoʻokolohua a ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā pōkole maopopo, ke kuhikuhi aku nei wau iā ʻoe e kanu iā lākou i kahi ʻano i ka lilo ʻole o ka hydrophyte ʻaʻole i hoʻokō he pōʻino nui loa i ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka pahu Ma ke ala, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻano o "Malawian", hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kukui me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ulaula, a inā hāʻawi ke kukui no ka waiho ʻana o kekahi mau kumu kukui, a laila e hoʻohui pū ai i hoʻokahi kukui polū.
Nā kiʻi ʻōpio kāne ʻōpio wīwī mua me nā hāte pākihi
ʻO nā Malawia a pau loa, me nā ʻano motile like ʻole, like me ka nui a me nā iʻa ʻona ʻole me nā pua ʻono, a me nā iʻa aʻa i ke kahiko kūlohelohe, e kūpono e like me nā hoalauna me ka ʻulaʻula.
Inā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā mamo mai nā holoholona i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi aquarium-zebryatnik: kahi pahu me kahi mea he ʻono ʻoniʻoni like ʻole nā ʻāpana lahilahi he nani maikaʻi loa. No ka mea, ua like like lāua me nā ʻano like ʻole, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o Malawian cichlids. I nā hybrids kā lākou iho, i koʻu manaʻo, ʻaʻohe mea hewa ʻole, akā inā ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻike ʻia ma hope aku e like me nā mea hou a i ʻole nā palapala ʻāpana.
I koʻu manaʻo, ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki i loaʻa ma o ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o Malawians e ʻike koke kahi kākau inoa inoa kahi i kākau ʻia ai nā kiʻi o ka iʻa a me kā lākou, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pedigree. Penei e kōkua, i ka lima hoʻokahi, e haʻalele i ke ʻano o nā ʻōiwi wai hou a he lua, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e hiki hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hua ʻano paʻa e like me ka koho ʻana a me ke koho pono ʻana, e hoʻomau i kona neʻe ʻana.
I kēia manawa, noho a haunaele a me ka haunaele ma kēia mahina nei. Ma nā loko aku o nā mea aloha cichlid, inā ʻaʻole lākou he mau hoahele loea, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā Malawians i ka linearly, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o ke kaʻaʻi ʻana.
Mai ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka nānā ʻana i ka pōʻaiapuni i ka kaiāulu o cichlids, hiki pinepine i ka hoʻowahāwahā fanatical, cichlid "crosses" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hale hoʻokiʻina kūlohelohe a luku ʻia "ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a nā hoaaloha" a ʻoi aʻe hoʻi, hoʻomaka lākou e hele a puni ka honua ma lalo o nā inoa like ʻole.
Mai kuhihewa ʻole mākou i ka "Malikian" hui "mai i loko o ko kākou ʻāina, ka mea maʻamau o nā hua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻana. he ʻano paʻa o ka Malākiō.
Eia kekahi, ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana intraspecific (ke kū ʻana i ʻelua morphs kala), hōʻike ʻia ka zebra ʻulaʻula i hoʻokahi hiʻona ʻole ia ke ʻano o nā pōʻai i kiʻi ʻia mai nā pili pili o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā mele malawian ichthyofauna. Aia ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa nā kala e nā hiʻohiʻona makua inā ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hemphologically a me nā ʻano kala ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole “cross” mai nā lua mai, ua lawe ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. I nā koena i koe, ʻaʻole i kū ka hoʻokaʻawale (kūlohelohe, ʻike wale nō wau ma nā hiʻi i ʻike ʻia) ʻaʻole i ka mua a i ka hanauna ma hope. I nā huaʻōlelo'ē aʻe, ua lilo ia i hui ʻano paʻa i kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā mea kūʻai kūkae no ka nānā a ʻano hou paha.
Me ka pīniu o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula nui ma hope, no ka laʻana, me ka ʻano like ʻole o ka puka (OM), eia ka ʻano: i ka hanauna mua, ʻulaʻula nā iʻa a pau, a i ka lua mai ʻelua mau iʻa ulaula, loaʻa ka iʻa o ka puka a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, inā ʻelua ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula a kekahi ʻulaʻula, ʻike ʻoe: ʻaʻole kēia ʻano ʻano maʻamau, akā ke ʻano like o nā ʻano lua.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ka puaʻa nānā ʻia e kū mai ana mai kēlā mau pua e ulu a nani loa: me ka nui o nā aniani a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, he paʻa maoli ka hui ʻana o ka hua a hāʻawi i nā mea kālai ʻia wale nō.
Hoʻohā like ʻia ka wā i hala ʻia ai ka wahine o nā zebra ʻulaʻula me kahi kāne o kahi cobalt blue zebra (M.callainos), ʻo ka pīpī wale nō ka ʻulaʻula-pink. Ke kaomi nei me ke kāne zebra, ʻo ka mua o ka pīpī mua ʻōlima he ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻOiai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i nā mea āpau ma luna aʻe o ke ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ma ka home. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻae i ka "crosses" i ka hopena i kūʻai ʻia nā mea maʻamau a i ʻole nā ʻano kala ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ko lākou ʻano honu. Pono kēia e hōʻoia i ka ʻoi aku o kāu hoa hana, mea hōʻona i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia iʻa, ʻaʻole ia o ka hopu hewa ʻana.
I kēia wā, ʻo ia ka mea i hiki i ka poʻe i kūʻai i ke gula, a i ʻole, ʻulaʻula, a me ka zebra, i hoʻowalewale ʻia e kona ʻoniʻoni. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻōpiopio paʻa o Malawians ka hopena o ke keka ma waena o kahi zebra ʻula a me kahi puaʻa o ka Golden Trophyopsis (Pseudotropheus trop-heops) a me ka Golden Labidochromis (Labidochromis caeruleus "Kōkula").
Kiʻi kiʻi kīʻaha zebra
Ua aneane ʻelua makahiki e hōʻoia i ke kumu o kēia kau hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua. A ʻelua mau mahina i hala aku nei ua ʻike ʻia wau ma ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele o nā mea hoʻohālikelike i ka manawa hou i hoʻopuni ʻia i loko o ka hale hoʻākāka maʻamau, ka mea kākau i kuhikuhi pono: ʻoi ʻia kēia mau "nā ʻUlio" a me ka labidochromeis ulaula (aila "Kunani").
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hewa wale ke kanaka i ke ʻano o nā pōpoki. No kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi (aneane mai ka wā nui i ʻike ʻia ai ka poʻe mua o Malawians ma USSR) hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou e hana nei ke ʻano i nā mea hilinaʻi ma kēia ala. Ma keʻano kūikawā, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o nā zebras a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia hoʻi e nā wahi mamao loa, i ʻā ʻia ʻia e ka loa o nā kahakai o ke kahakai ʻo Lake Malawi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hōʻoia ka mea noiʻi o kēia kula i kēia. Ma nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe, nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō e hōʻike pololei ana i ke ʻano o ka iʻa o kekahi mau ʻano waihoʻoluʻu e paʻi pū me kekahi. A inā ʻaʻole he pā palena a me ka aʻa kūlohelohe, a laila hiki ke keʻa i ka iʻa i loko o ka loko.
Ma ka aoao holoʻokoʻa, e like ana ke aʻo ʻana o nā cichlids Malawani a hoʻomau i nā palaho a hāʻawi iā mākou i nā mea kahaha, maikaʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi. A maikaʻi loa kēlā. No laila, ʻaʻole e nalowale ka makemake iā lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, manaʻo ʻia ua hala ke kahua hope loa, ʻo ka launa pū ʻana me ka iʻa i lilo i kekahi ʻano hana maʻamau. A i ka wa koke - ke manawa hoʻokahi, a wehe hou ke ʻano o nā ʻūhā hou, e hāʻawi ana i ka leʻomaʻo holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai, he hōʻaiʻe no ka ʻike a me ka hana.
ʻAno e hoʻokū
Hōʻike i kahi hui o Mbuna cichlids, hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokalakupua kāne kāne. Eia kekahi, hoʻonāukiuki ka hopena i nā mea hoʻokūkū hiki wale nō, akā i nā wahine a me nā lālā o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonāukiuki i loko o nā mea kanu aku me nā pā hale, kahi he 3 a i ʻole nā wahine i hāʻule i hoʻokahi kāne. ʻO kekahi ʻano hana ʻoi aku ka palu me ka nui o kekahi mau ʻano ʻo Mbuna, i hoʻolako ʻia no kēlā me kēia kāne kahi wahi aia ma lalo e mālama ai ʻo ia mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi helu nui o ka iʻa i ka ʻano o ka nohona kūlohelohe a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuehu.
Kamaipono / hānai
Hiki i ke hiʻohiʻona o ka palaoa i loko o ka mākona ākea. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, koho ke kāne i kahi kūpono ma ka haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā pōhaku iʻa a i ʻole ke aloha i loko o ke one - e lilo ia i wahi no ka spawning e hiki mai ana. A laila hoʻomaka ka pilina maikaʻi loa, kahi e kū pinepine ai nā wahine ma nā pā. I ka manawa e mākaukau ka wahine, lawe ʻo ia i ka hoʻōho a waiho ʻana i nā lawelawe o nā hua ma ka huli ʻana, a ma hope o ka hoʻomakeke ʻana iā lākou i loko o kona waha. E hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manawa kōkui holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka waha o ka wahine, a ʻaʻole e waiho kā ka palaoa kahi i kā lākou pale a hiki i ka nui. Kekahi ʻano hana no ka pale aku i nā hua ʻano nā hiʻohiʻona o nā cichlids o Lake Lake.
Nā maʻi ʻona
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka maʻi i nā cichlids Malawi ke kūpono ʻole o ka paʻa ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai, ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi maʻi e like me ka pua ʻana ma Malawi. Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa wai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kikowaena kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻona (ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, etc.), inā pono, hoʻihoʻi i nā ʻōuli a pau i ka maʻamau a hele wale nō me ka mālama ʻana. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana, e ʻike i ka maʻa ʻo Aquarium Fish Diseases.