ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Kahi manu manuahi kahe e ana i ka hapa iki ma mua o kahi liona. ʻO ka loa kino 32-35 cm, mau ʻāpana 49-53 cm, ke kaupaona 120-200 g. ʻO ka poʻo nui, ka lāʻau wili lōʻihi, pololei. ʻO ka hiʻu pōkole loa, me kahi palena ʻāpana paʻa mai lalo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ākea o ka plumage heʻeleʻeleʻele, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo he nui. I ka wā huna, kahi manu huna pilikino, pinepine i ka maka i ka wā o nā wailings hope. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau ulu nui, e hele nui ana ma nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, hiki ke lele i nā lālā a kau ma lalo o nā cone o ka puna i ka wā e ʻohi ana i nā hua kanu mai lākou.

ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nā wahine wahine wahine a me ka wahine. I nā manu makua, he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ke kala, me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i waiho ʻia, pohō ma ke kua a me nā poʻohiwi, ʻoi aku ka nui a puni ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. Ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī ʻoka i ke ʻano o nā kauā. He ʻeleʻele ka pāpale kapa, ʻaʻohe hala. ʻEleʻele nā ​​ʻēheu a me ka huelo, me ka hiolō ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe hala ʻole. Ke keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka huelo a me ka ukana. ʻEleʻele nā ​​wāwae a ʻūlū. Paʻa nā lā. I Lūkini kahi he 2 subspecies kahi ʻokoʻa like ʻokoʻa.

Nā manu o nā ʻĀina subspecies ʻUka C. C. caryocatactes, ka mea e noho nui ana ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻāina, he wahi ākea kahi nui me ka pulu liʻiliʻi o lalo, a ʻo ka palena keʻokeʻo ma nā kihi o nā hulu hoʻokele he kikowaena (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2,5 cm). Nā manu o nā subspecies Siberian ʻUka C. C. macrorhynchos (ma kā mākou wahi lākou i pili ai i nā Urals a me Cis-Urals, i kekahi manawa i ka wā e komo mai ai lākou i nā ʻāina komohana a me ke kūkulu hema) he pupu ʻihi mākiki lākou me ka pali pololei, a ʻo ka laulā ma ka hulu kahe ʻana ka liʻiliʻi o 3 cm. ʻoi aku ka mālamalama a me ka ʻulaʻula ʻia ma mua o nā pākeke, nā wahi keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻula blurry, māmā o ka iha. ʻOi aku ka laha o ka beak ma mua o nā manu makua.

Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hana maʻamau, ʻaʻole nā ​​kau (koe wale nō no ka manawa hoʻoulu). Pāʻani - hina, hina a lōʻihi "uōhoʻoki"A ʻole"kray kray"." Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā puʻupuʻu lua a me nā leo ʻē aʻe.

Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ka awā i kahi wao nahele mai Balkans a me Scandinavia a hiki i ka Far East a me ʻAsia Hema. Ke Lūkiaʻo Rūsia, ua hūnā ʻia ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau palahalaha a hui pū ʻia mai nā Baltic a White White i nā Urals. Hiki i ka palena ʻākau o ke kahawai e hiki aku ai i nā palena o ke kolo nahele, ke kūkulu hema - o nā ʻāpana ʻo Moscow a me Kirov. Hema Hema. Nānā ka ʻike, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka helu i ka hua o nā pine pine a kanu i nā hua. I nā makahiki nāona no nā kedera a me nā makahiki pulu, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā neʻe nui i ka hema, i kēia manawa e piʻi ai ʻo ia ma luna o ka ulu lāʻau-steppe.

Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka nānā pono lāʻau. Makemake i nā ulu lāʻau coniferous (spruce, fir a me ka lāʻau kedera). Hoʻomaka ia i ka wā o ka makahiki o 1-2 mau makahiki, ʻuʻuku i nā pakanalua. E alakaʻi nei i ka nohona kūloko. Hoʻomaka ia ma mua o ke hoʻoʻe ʻana o ka hau. Aia ka pūnana ma kahi lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5-8 m, maʻa mau ʻia ma ka wahi o ka nahele. Aia ka pipi i ka hua pālule 2-5 a me nā hua ʻulaʻula. Noho ʻo Hatching i nā lā 16-18. Haʻi ʻo Kohiki i ka pili i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau pule, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o nā lāʻau paina i ka lilo a lilo i nā manu a ʻike wiwo ʻole.

ʻAi ʻia ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā invertebrates a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, nā mea kanu, nā hua kanu, nā huaakau, ka wahi ʻai. Makemake nā puna i ka hua a me nā kinina. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā lako me nā mea nui i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau kedera.

Cedar, a i ʻole nāmai (ʻO nā caryocatactes Nucifraga)

Kāleka

ʻO nā kumulāʻau hua Cedar kahi ʻokoʻa like ka wahine, ma mua o nā pākeke. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻano loea ʻole. He ʻokoʻa nā wahine wahine i ka nui ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Ua oi loa aku ka waiwai o ko lakou pokeke ana i ko na kane. ʻO ke kala o ka plumage o ka lāʻau kedera hiki iā lākou ke hui pū loa i ke kaiāulu. ʻAʻole he mau manu nui loa kēia, ʻoiai ke huna huna ʻana iā lākou, akā hiki ke nānā pinepine ʻia i nā poʻe e aʻo nei. Nui ka lele ma ka kedera, he paakiki nā ʻēheu. No laila, makemake ʻo ia i kahi hoʻomaha, ma hope o ka lele pōkole.

He hoihoi kēia! Makemake kēia mau manu e hoʻomaha i nā lālā maloʻo, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻike maikaʻi.

No laila, nānā lākou i kā lākou wahi no ka neʻeʻana o nā mea hoʻopuka a i nā malihini paha, ka mea pinepine e hoʻonaninani i nā mea koʻikoʻi ma luna o ko lākou ʻāina.

No Kedrovka nā ʻohana corvids. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau manu ma mua o nā līlio a i ʻole ka lune. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau kedera he 30 cm a me kahi huelo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i 11 cm. ʻO nā ʻēheu he 55 cm ka nui.

ʻAʻole i like me nā corvids ʻē aʻe, ka ʻanuʻu ʻia ka paila pōkole, ʻokoʻa pinepine ia ʻeleʻele, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo he nui, a aia kekahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo. ʻO ka paona wī wahine paona i kaupaona 150-170 gr, ke kāne 170-190 gr. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻiliʻī a me nā wāwae o ka manu.

HE MEA KUKAI

Paʻi nā lāʻau cedar i nā mea inikini, nā hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hua, nā hua, nā hua. ʻO nā hua o nā conifers a me nā huaʻai i ʻai ai lākou i ʻoi aku ka caloric ma mua o nā mea ʻino. ʻO nā pepeke, e like me nā meaʻai holoholona, ​​he nui ka nui o ka protein, akā i ke ola i ka hoʻoilo hau maloʻo, pono nā manu i ka ikaika e loaʻa ai lākou mai nā hāmeʻe. ʻO nā kumulāʻau e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā Scandinavian Peninsula e hānai nui ana ma nā hazelnuts. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻai nā manu i nā hua coniferous - nā alpine pine pine, no ka laʻana, e like me nā pine pine. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua leʻaha mai nā cones a me nā nīnū paʻakikī ʻaʻole i paʻakikī no ka lāʻau kedera. Lawe ʻo ia i nā hua mai nā mea kuʻuna cone me kahi beʻī lōʻihi lōʻihi, a kuʻi ʻo i nā niki ma luna o ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka pōhaku. I kekahi mau manu, ma muli o kaʻaiʻai lōʻihi, ua hoʻomohala nā hua o kekahi mea i kanu pono i kahi beak. Pono nā pēpē Cedar i kahi paleka holoholona, ​​no laila hānai nā mākua iā lākou me nā pepeke.

ʻAiwi a me ke ʻano

He manu huna a ʻōlohelohe nā ʻōpiu manu. Maʻalahi loa lākou e hāʻawi i kahi leo e like me kahi croak rattling. ʻO ka mea wale nō wale nō ka wā moe a me ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi hua ʻai hou. Inā palupalu ka hopena, a laila nui aʻe ka ʻalo a nā lāʻau pine.

Hana ʻo Kedrovka i nā paka nui o nā nati no nā manawa pōloli, a e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, i ke kauwela loaʻa ke loaʻa iā lākou e ka honi, a i ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻano ka nui o ka uhi o ka hoʻoilo, aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi huna no ka manu.

He hoihoi kēia! Manaʻo ʻia ua hiki i ka lāʻau kedera ke hana ma kahi o 50 tausani mau mea i kāhea ʻia mai nā papa inoa i ke ola ʻana. A laila ma nā wahi i poina ai kahi huna ʻia o nā meaʻai, ulu nā lāʻau i ka wā lōʻihi.

Aia kekahi kānāwai i ʻike ʻia i ka wā hiki ke hopu i ka pā paina me 165 mau huaʻai i loko o ke ʻeke o ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kahi kaumaha kēia, hoʻoneʻe ʻia, ʻo ke kiʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau kedera he nui o ka ʻāpana ʻokoʻa.

ʻOi aku ka hana o kēia mau manu iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau minamina a hīmeni paha, akā i kekahi manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi akā ʻaʻole nui. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia manu i ka wā e hana ai nā manu i ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai. Mea ikaika loa ka aloha o nā nati, ua loaʻa nā hihia i ka wā i huki ai nā lāʻau paila i ka squirrel mai ka sedera, kahi nui o nā cone piha i nā huaʻai. ʻO nā paina o nā lāʻau kedera no ke ola, ʻo ia hoʻi, he monogamous.

ʻLele a me ke ola

ʻAʻole nā ​​manu Cedar nā manu manuahi. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi kūlana maʻalahi, e hana ana i nā mokulele liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā ʻāina hou. ʻO kēia ka poʻe noho maoli o ka lāʻau kaʻo taiga paʻakikī, ke hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā ala ʻino loa. He manu nahele nā ​​nahele ʻo Cedar, loaʻa nā meaʻai wale nō i loko o nā palena o kā lākou wahi, a kiaʻi lākou i kaʻi mai nā malihini.

He hoihoi kēia! Ke ola nei kēia mau manu i kahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻo kekahi mau kanaka he 10-12 a ʻumi paha. I ka hoʻopio, ʻaʻole lākou e mālama ʻia e like me nā holoholona.

Ma nā zoos, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kūlana maikaʻi a ʻaʻohe kumu o nā ʻenemi maoli, hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 15 makahiki.

Habitat, walnut habitat

ʻO Kedrovka kekahi kanaka noho i ka taiga. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ma nā wao taiga o ʻEulopa a me Asia mai Scandinavia a me nā Alps a Iapana a me Kina. Makemake nui kēia manu liʻiliʻi i ka nahele ulu coniferous. Maanei ʻike mau ʻala i nā huaʻai nui i nā huaʻai nui - nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka paila, puna a me nā cones sedera.

Me ka loli mau o kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa nā lāʻau pine lāʻau ma nā wao e kokoke ana iā Moscow, ʻaʻole ia he 15-20 mau makahiki i hala. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o kahi ulia ma mua o ke ʻano. Malia paha ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia nā manu ma hope, ua hana lākou i ke aʻa a noho i nā ʻāina hou.

Diet, what cedar kai e ʻai ai

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka meaʻai walnut i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā hua coniferous. I ka wā hoʻomaha a i ka wā e hānai ai i ka hua, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā pepeke i nā nati, ka mea e hāʻawi ai iā lākou iho a me nā hua me ka ʻai o ka protein. Ma nā nahele i loaʻa i nā wahi mauna, i loli ke ʻano o nā ola o nā manu e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki.

Mai ka hopena o ka pūnāwai i ka hāʻule, loaʻa mau nā meaʻai nui no nā lāʻau kedera, nā nui a me nā hua ʻai i ulu a make, a me nā holoholona hihiu. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, makemake kēia mau manu i nā ʻōpala pine. Aia ia i loko o ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū kokoke i nā hua pine i nui ka nui o nā huaʻai ma mua o ka ʻaina.

Pahu a keiki

I ka wā aloha, ʻano ʻano like ʻole kēia manu me ka aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike. ʻAʻole lawa loa ʻike ʻia i ke kedera lāʻau i loko o ka pūnana i ka wā o ka hatching of chick.

Nui! Ke hoʻokokoke nei kēia mau manu i ka hana ʻana i ka pili me ka mālama pono, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moss, nā lau, ka pālolo a me nā lālā i mea e waiwai ai ka hale.

Eia nā ikaika o nā lāʻau kedera a me ke ʻano he kānāwai lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4-6 m. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻopakele i nā mea kuhi e hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau, akā pale ia iā lākou mai nā mea.

ʻO ka wā pāhono a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau pine i ka lā Malaki a hiki i Mei. Hāʻawi ka wahine i 4-5, ma nā hihia liʻiliʻi, 7 mau kuli o ke kala ʻulaʻula māmā me nā kiʻi brown. ʻO ka wana hana he 18-22 mau lā. Hāpai nā mākua ʻelua i ka masonry ma ke ʻano, hāʻawi i kekahi i kahi haki a lele hoʻi no ka meaʻai.

He mau manu monogamous nā nahele pine e kū ai i nā mahele no ke ola. Loaʻa ka kāne kāne a me ka wahine i ka hānai ʻana i nā hua. Ma hope o nā hebedoma 3-4, ua mākaukau nā moa no ka lele mua mai ka nawe. Mālama loa nā mākua i nā ʻāpana manu a hānai iā lākou i nā pōkole no 3 mau mahina, ma hope o ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻōpū.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa no nā lāʻau pine i ka wā huna no ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe - nā mea wali liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa, lilo nā manu makua i mea hopu maʻalahi, e hoʻomanaʻo pinepine i kā lākou mau moa a iʻa paha e waiho ana. ʻO nā mea wīwī weliweli nui he mau weasels, martens, na alopeke a me nā pōpoki hihiu.

Nui! Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau cedar ma luna o ke piʻi a hina i ka hele mālie, ʻaʻohe ona manawa e holo ai mai nā niho o ka marten a i ʻole kīwaha paha.

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, lilo ka lāʻau cedr i mea maʻalahi ma ka manawa ke ʻeli nei i nā nati ua mālama ʻia no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana.. ^ E Ha yM. A laila ua haʻalele kona manu nānā i ke kiaʻi ʻana, ʻike a lohe maikaʻi ʻole, a lilo i mea pale ʻole a hiki i mua o kahi mea liʻiliʻi.

KA MINA O KAHIKI

ʻO Kedrovka kekahi kanaka noho i ka taiga. Loaʻa ia ma nā ululāʻau taiga o ʻEulopa a me Asia mai Scandinavia a me nā Alps a i Iapana a me Kina.

E makemake ana ka manu i ka nahele i nā lāʻau kedera a me nā kumu lāʻau kedera. Ma nā ulu lāʻau coniferous, loaʻa i nā ulu lāʻau i kā lākou meaʻai nui - nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka pine, spruce a me nā cones sedera. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, aloha kēia mau manu i nā nati.

Ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi, nā ʻano ola o nā manu e kūlike i ka manawa o kēia makahiki. Mai ka hopena o ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka ʻohi, loaʻa i nā ulu paina ka nui o nā meaʻai ma aneane: nā huaʻai a me nā hua pā, ua ʻāpala nā pua. Eia naʻe, ke hāʻule nei ka hau mua, ua hala ka hua a me nā nati, a ua make nā mea make a hūnā ʻia i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke loaʻa. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka meaʻai ma ka ulu ulu, no laila ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe e lele ma ka hema. Eia naʻe, noho mau ka lāʻau paila ma aneʻi. Hoʻokumu ka manu i kahi hoʻolālā ola - maikaʻi lākou e like me nā mea pāpale: i ke kauwela, ua hana nā lāʻau keda i nā lāʻau waiwai no ka hoʻoilo. Hūnā nā manu i ka meaʻai i nā "pantry" i lalo o ka hale.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO nā nahele Coniferous nā wahi noho aloha like ʻole o nā lāʻau paina, ke hoʻomau lākou nei i nā ahi maoli a i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, ua māʻalo lākou i ka pale ʻole ʻana, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka noho ʻana o kēia mau manu. He kānalua loa, pili kēia mau kumu i ka nui o nā lāʻau pine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ku ka popo nā kānaka pala pua a i ʻole ka hapa o kēia mau manu.

Hoʻopōla

He mau manu monogamous nā nahele pine e kū ai i nā mahele no ke ola. I ka wā hana o ka lawehala, hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu ʻole i ka maka o kekahi, a pānaʻi mau ʻia i ko lākou ʻāina. I ka wā hana ʻana, alakaʻi ka lāʻau cedar i kahi ʻano pilikino. ʻO kāna nūnū kahi mea ʻeha ʻo nā ʻōpala, nā lau, nā moʻo a me nā lichens i paʻa me ka pālolo. Ua kau ʻia ma kahi lāʻau coniferous ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,4 mika. No ka mea ʻaʻole e nele ka noke ʻana o ka popo pulu hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka pale ʻana i ke kakahiaka nui. Hoʻokumu pinepine kahi manu i ka pūnana i ka wā e kaila mau ana ka hau a aia ka pāʻana o ka ea ma lalo o zero.

ʻO nā hoa ʻelua e hoʻokomo i ka masonry. ʻAno kēia ʻōlelo kupaianaha no nā manu o ka ʻohana corvidae, akā kūpono naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo ka kāne kāne o ka lāʻau kedera i kahi o nā ʻāpana wahine, a ʻo lākou wale nō ka lawa nui no lākou wale nō. E kūleʻa nā manu ma kēlā me kēia i ka moena e hāʻawi i ka hoa i nā manawa e ʻai ai. Hoʻokomo pū nā lāʻau Cedar i kā lākou mau moa me nā hua, e ʻuluʻulu mua ʻia i loko o ka goiter. Ke pau ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka mau mākua e lawe i nā pepeke i nā moa, kiʻi pinepine i waho o kā lākou ʻāina. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pipi, hānai nā mākua iā lākou no ʻekolu mahina.

NA MANAO O KA AHAHUI

I loko o ke kauwela āpau, hopohopo nei ka lāʻau cedar i nā hua kanu conifers a me nā nati, kahi e hūnā ai i ke o hoʻokahi o kona mau wahi i ʻike mau ʻia, kahi e kipa ʻia aku ai ma ka manawa o ka hoʻoilo pōloli. Kī ka manu i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī me nā huaʻala a me nā nati, kahi e hoʻopili pū ai lāua me ka wai ʻaila a lilo i ʻāpana o ka lawehala like ʻole.

Hoʻiliʻili ʻo Kedrovka i nā hua wale ma kona ʻāina, kahi i wehewehe wehewehe i nā palena. Kanu ka manu i ka meaʻai ma ka lepo, me ka hoʻouka pono ʻana i ka pantry, a lele ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻuʻī no nā ʻōpala aʻe. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, loaʻa ka lāʻau kedera me nā kumu huna huna me ka pololei ʻole. ʻOiai kahi hopena o ka hoʻokolohua, ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau cedar "hoʻomanaʻo" e pili ana i ka 86% o kāna mau keʻena.

HE HOOLAHA HOOLAHA

Ma Ukraine, ua kapa ʻia ia he nati - no ka mea, ma muli o ka nele o nā pine cedar, ua hānai ʻia ka lāʻau kedera me nā hua ʻona.

He liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi jay, manu mai ka ʻohana corvidae. Loaʻa ia ma nā lau i hui ʻia a me ka coniferous o Eurasia, ka hapa nui o nā i nā lāʻau kedera. ʻO nā lau pine i mea nui ka lāʻau kedera no hoʻokahi makahiki. I nā makahiki hōʻiliʻili, lawe nā lāʻau kedera mai nā hua kanu mai nā cones a hūnā iā lākou ma nā wahi huna, a noho lōʻihi no ka holo ʻana o nā lako, no ka mea, ua nui nā hua lāʻau kedera mai nā makahiki āpau. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo nā manu ke hoa nui o nā pine ʻoki, no ka mea, he hapa nui o nā hua i hū ʻia e ka lāʻau kedera i loko o ka lepo. Eia kekahi, lawe nā manu i nā hua ma luna o ka lōʻihi. Hoʻohana nō hoʻi nā holoholona ʻē i nā lako cedar - pololei i lalo i ka bear. Ua hānai lākou i nā moa me nā mea iniketi a me nā hua i ʻoki ʻia.

KUPONO NA INOA HUI, KAHAKUI.

• ʻAʻole ʻike paha ka ʻike o nā lāʻau pine i ko lākou mau wahi huna. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e hana ʻia lākou e ka ʻoni, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia ʻano hana i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe nui. ʻO ka pinepine paha, e hoʻomanaʻo nā manu i nā wahi i waiho ai kā lākou "pantry".
• Ke pau ʻole o nā hua ʻai i nā hua peela a me nā hua coniferous i loko o ka taiga Siberian, ua loaʻa nā lāʻau pine lāʻau i ka nui o ka lele i ke komohana i ka huli ʻana i nā wahiʻai hou. I loko o kēlā mau makahiki līlū, nā ʻohana o kēia mau manu ʻona nunui Siberia e hoʻopiha i ka hikina a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa.
• Hoʻokomo nā mākua i nā keiki pūlama i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā manu e hānai mua i ka meaʻai.
• Inā ka lāʻau ākea, ka mea e kanu nei i nā kola, me ka hōʻike ʻana e nānā ʻia ana, a laila e hoʻāʻo e uhi i ka ʻāʻī.

NA ANO KAHANA AINA

ʻLelo: 3-4 hua melemele kukui a ʻulaʻula paha i uhi ʻia i nā kala hina a ʻulaʻula.

Polokala: ʻalani, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.I ka mokulele mai lalo aku, ʻike ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu.

Beak: lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi. Me ia, ua lawe aku i ka paina pine i nā hua mai nā cones a wāwahi i nā nati.

ʻŪhā: Hoʻokomo ʻia he kenekulia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka lāʻau kedera.

- Kahi ʻāina o ka lāʻau kedera

MEA LOA

Noho ʻo Kedrovka i nā ululāʻau conifous o Central a me Hikina ʻEulopa, ma Siberia a me Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. Noho ka poʻe noho kaʻawale ma nā kuahiwi o ʻAsia Hema.

KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO

Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ulu lāʻau Coniferous ma mua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, akā ke alo nei nō lākou i ke ahi, ka pohō a me ka palahalaha, nā hopena e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka nui o kēia mau manu.

01.03.2018

ʻO pine nutcracker, aiʻole nut (Lat. Nucifraga caryocatactes) he manu liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana Corvidae. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo ia e kahi aloha kūikawā no nā lāʻau popina a no kā lākou ala i loaʻa i kahi ʻeke kūikawā e kū ana ma lalo o ka alelo. Loaʻa i ka poʻe thrifty kanaka e hoʻonoho a hiki i ka 120 mauʻu i loko.

Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, noho kona pili pili kokoke loa, kahi ʻolo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hema (Nucifraga columbiana) nona ka plumage lighter. He ʻolua nā manu ʻelua i ka nui o ka jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) a me nā kaila jay (Garrulus glandarius).

Kālā

I kēia wā, ʻike ʻia 8 subspecies o ka lāʻau kedera. Nā helu kau inoa N.c. carycatactes kekahi o nā mea lehulehu loa a noho ma ka ʻāpana o Central a Eastern ʻEulopa. Kūpono ka koe o nā subspecies i ka ululāʻau ʻo Asia.

Kolo ʻia kēia wahi mai ka Hema Scandinavia a me Finlandia ma o Siberia a hiki i ka ʻĀina Kina a me Iapana. Aia kona mokuna komohana ma Alps, a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao i Palaka, ʻo Caucasus, Altai, Tien Shan a me Himalaya. I Taiwan, he subspecies N.c. owstoni.

ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāina e noho ʻia e ka wana ma kahi o 10 miliona mau mita kapuai. km Kuhi ʻia ka heluna ʻEulopa ma waena o 800-1700 tausani manu. Loaʻa nā mea pinepine i loaʻa ma nā wahi kahi i ulu ai nā lāʻau keda (Pinus cembra), spruce (Picea) a me ka hazel maʻamau (Corylus avelana) i ulu.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Ma nā nahele ʻo Cedar, a me nā manu manu he 120 mai ka ʻohana corvidae, he mau kūpuna maʻamau, nā koena mua loa i loaʻa ma Alemana a me Farani. Ua ola lākou i hoʻokahi 17 miliona mau makahiki o ka makahiki SM. ʻO kona helehelena like, ua like ka lāʻau kedera me he moʻo, akā he liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kēia manu.

Aia ka mahele i ʻewalu subspecies i ka nānā aku, ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, a me ka wahi i noho ai, akā he nui nā ornithologists e hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui iā lākou i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: nā ʻākau ʻākau a me ka ʻaoʻao hema. Loaʻa lākou ma nā wahi like o Eurasia.

Wikiō: Cedar

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau lāʻau e noho e noho nei ma nā ululāʻau coniferous o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - Nucifraga columbiana a i ʻole nutcracker o Clark. Ua liʻiliʻi kēia mau manu i ko lākou mau hoa Eurasian a he hina hina, aspen plumage, a ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻēheu a me kā lākou ʻūhā. Pūnana lākou i nā nahele ulu kuahiwi a he nui nā mea like me nā luna o nā corvids - Podoces a i ʻole nāhelehele wao.

Aia ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano meaʻai, ua ʻokahele ʻia nā manu i nā nati - ka poʻe i loaʻa nā hazelnuts a me nā paina pine i ka meaʻai. Loaʻa i nā nuts ka mea ikaika a pōkole pōkole. Ma Siberia, ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻē me ke aniani a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, i hoʻokaʻawale no ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua niu.

ʻO ka hale noho nui ma ʻEulopa ke ʻano o nā wao:

• ʻai maʻamau
• Swiss penina
• nā lāʻau ahi ʻuala
• ʻōpana maʻamau
• ʻanuʻu kikina
• Makela Makedoni
• ʻO Hazel (Corylus).

Makemake ka poʻe Siberian a me Far Eastern:

• sedera
• Paʻi Siberian
• Iā cedera Iapana
• Kahi ahi Sakhalin.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā kānaka o Tien Shan e nā wahi nahele o ka pua o Tien Shan. I ka Himalaya, ka nui o ka noho mua ʻana o nā nahele coniferous, deodar cedar, blue pine, pinva fir, Himalayan fir, Morinda spruce me rhododendron thickets.

Aia mahea ke kedera?

ʻO ke kiʻi: Kedrovka ma Lūkia

ʻAʻohe pili mau ʻia o ka pine pine i Eurasia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa. Aia ia i ka hele ʻana o nā ululāʻau e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻai nui no kēia mau manu - nā ʻuala. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Kedrovka ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻākau o ka ʻEleka, kahi e iho ai kona wahi noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tien Shan a ma ka hikina o nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana. Loaʻa lākou ma nā ʻāina Scandinavian a me nā mauna Alpine ma ʻākau o Italia, aia paha ma Pyrenees.

Hōʻalo ka mokuna kūkulu hema i ka Carpathians, piʻi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Belarus, hele i ke kahawai ʻo ka muliwai Kama. Ma Asia, piʻi ka palena hema i nā mauna Altai; ma Mongolia, hōʻea ia ma Hangai a me Kentei, ʻo Greater Khingan; i Kina, ʻo ka mauna ʻo Zhangguangzailin, piʻi e piʻi ana i ke Primorye hema. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, pili nā palena i nā palena o ka wao a me nā ʻenā-tundra ululāʻau. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi e pili ana i nā mauna ʻo Tien Shan, Dzhungar Alatau, Ketmen, ka Kyrgyz Range, nā komohana komohana o ka Talas Massif, i nā kahe ʻākau o nā mauna Altai.

Ma Kashmir, kahi subspecies o Siberian pine, hoʻololi i ka N. Multipunctata. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia manu a ʻoiʻeleʻele hoʻi, akā he mau hiʻohiʻona nui nā kukui. Ma ke komohana hema o ka Himalaya, ua loaʻa kekahi mau subspecies - N. hemispila, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o nā kanaka Kashmir, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o kā lākou papa helehelena ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou wahi keʻokeʻo. Lawe ʻia ka pili o kēia manu i ka hapanui o nā mauna Himalaya, mai Tibet hikina a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Kina, mai ka hikina o Afghanistan a hiki i ka Kūleʻa Korea.

E neʻe liʻiliʻi ʻo Kedrovka i ka lewa, aloha ka noho ʻana. Nui hilahila ʻia ʻo ia e ka wai. I nā makahiki paʻa, ua koi ʻia kēia mau manu i ka holo huakaʻi i ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Ua manaʻo ʻo Ornithologists ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka lāʻau pine i ka Kuril a me nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana, ʻo Sakhalin.

ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai: Ua nānā ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka popo piʻi i ka makahiki 1885 mai ke komohana ʻākau-hikina o Rū (Arkhangelsk a me nā Perm Perm) i ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke komohana a me ka hema o ka mauna Ural. Ma ke ala hema-komohana, neʻe ka manu i loko o Polani a me Hungary, hele lākou lākou i Kelemānia a me Belgium, Holland, Palani a me ʻEnelani ʻEnelani. Hoʻokahi wale wahi hapa o nā manu i hoʻi mai. Ua make ka nui o kekahi, aia mau i nā ʻāina hou.

ʻĀnō ʻānō e ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manu kedera. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.

He aha kā nā lāʻau kedera?

Kuhi: Cedar i ka hoʻoilo

Hāʻawi kēia mau manu i kā lākou meaʻai i nā nati pia, akā ma nā wahi he nui i ulu nui nā ulaula ulu ʻia, ʻai lākou i nā hazelnuts, nā hua beech a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā ʻona kai ʻē aʻe ke ʻāpana kai i ka makemake o kēia kanaka noho i ka nahele. Hana nā manu i ka hāʻule i nā hoʻomākaukau he nui, e ʻohi ana i nā nati i nā wahi huna.

Hiki i kahi pūliki ikaika ke kiʻi i nā kao kalo no nā mea kanu lāʻau. Ua wehe ʻo Kedrovka iā ia a pā i ka pale. Hōʻalo ka hopena i nā pahuhopu ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi a haki ka pale. ʻO nā walnuts, ua loaʻa i nā lāʻau kedera;

Mea hoihoi: Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pine Cedar i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana me ka ʻeke sublingual, kahi hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi mau paila pine.

Hūnā ʻia nā ʻōpū manu i nā wahi like ʻole, makemake nui lākou e hana pēlā i nā pale, ma nā pōhaku kahawai. ʻOiai i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻomau ana nā manu thrifty i kā lākou pantry a hānai i kā lākou lāʻau o nā moa. Hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi lākou i nā wahi o kēlā mau kālaiʻī a huli maʻalahi i kā lākou mau kālele ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi, a aneane hiki i 200 gram, hiki ke loaʻa i nā kaaka no ka hoʻoilo a hiki i 60 kg, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i 90 kg o nā pine. A i loko o kāna ʻōpū e waiho iā 10-13 nucleoli.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO nā kāwele me nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e nā lāʻau kedera hiki i nā mea kanu i nā lāʻau keda ikaika e hiki mai ana. ʻO kēia manu ka mea hāʻawi nui i nā pine Siberian a me nā pine keda lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi a mamao loa i ka ʻākau. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hua o kēia mau lāʻau i ka pantry o nā pinecones ma kahi lōʻihi o ʻehā mau mile.

ʻOiai ma ka palena mokulele a me ke kahe, ʻike kekahi i nā hua lāʻau kedera i lawe ʻia mai e ka lāʻau cedless. ʻAʻole ola ke ola i nā maʻi paʻakikī a make ma hope o hoʻokahi mau makahiki. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻai manu i hana ʻia ma nā kihi o ka nahele, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ulia taiga, e kōkua ana i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pua wana ikaika.

ʻO ka papa lāʻau cedar kekahi hoʻi o:

• nā huaʻala
• nā pepeke a me kā lākou ulu.
• kai e ka moku,
• hua o nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Hiki iā Cedar ke hoʻopakele malū i nā manu liʻiliʻi, a lanakila ʻo ia, ʻo ka mea mua, e uʻe ka ʻōpū mai ka mea i lawe ʻia. ʻO kēia hulu a me ke kālai ʻia ʻaʻole pale ʻole, hiki ke ʻai i kekahi holoholona i hopu ʻia i loko o ka iʻa a haki paha. Inā loaʻa ka lāʻau i kahi pūleo pepeke, a laila ʻili nā manu e hoʻopuni iā ​​ia e loaʻa kālā. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu e kāpae i nā mea inikua e hele mau ana i lalo.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Hoʻi kiʻi: Bird Cedar

ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia manu manu nahele i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. I ka wā e hānai ai, loaʻa iā ia nā kihi huna i loko o ka nahele nahele a haʻalele pinepine i nā palena o kēia pā liʻiliʻi. Inā i kēia manawa hele kokoke mai kahi kanaka i kēia wahi, a laila holo koke ka manu, kanu ʻia i nā kihi lāʻau.

I nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, he ʻuhane kēia manu, ʻaʻole ka makaʻu i ka poʻe a hiki ke noho kokoke i ka hale, me ka ʻike maopopo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea i nā mea kālā. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau pine i nā kihi a me nā kuʻi, ma ke kaʻe o ka nahele, ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: ʻo Kedrovka, e like me nā wahaheʻe'ē aʻe, he mea noʻonoʻo loa. Nānā ka poʻe Ornithologists i ko lākou mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala pōkole pine ma Nowemapa ma lalo mai o ka hau, e hana ana i nā ala ākea i ka uhi hau.

ʻO ka hapanui e noho ana nā manu ma nā lālā i lalo o nā kumulāʻau, e ʻoki ana i nā hua a mai nā cones. Inā ʻike lākou i ka pōpilikia, hiki iā lākou ke lele a lele liʻiliʻi a kokoke i ka piko o kekahi o nā kumulāʻau kokoke. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi manu ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi kanaka e kokoke loa.

Nā lāʻau Cedar kani nā leo hoihoi. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou me ka uwē o ke uwē, akā, ʻaʻole me ka ʻoliʻoli, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o ka uwē ʻana. ʻO kā lākou mau kelepona i like me ke "cray-cray", inā hopohopo lākou, makaʻu, a laila "cr-cr-cr". I kekahi manawa ke kapa ʻia nā leo kani hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻano hoʻohālike mele.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: Cedar ma ka ulu lāʻau

Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ulu lāʻau Cedar i nā manu ākea, koe wale no ka manawa hana. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i hoʻokahi manu, a laila aia ka manawa i ka manawa e hālāwai ai ma kahi kokoke aʻe. Hoʻopau nā ʻano kōpila ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests a hiki ʻole i ka meli o ka hau ma hope. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka liona o kēia ka nahele noho noho ʻana, aia wale nō ma nā mākulukuli pākela, inā i kēia manawa ke hālāwai nei ke kanaka me ka pine sedera, ʻimi ʻo ia e ʻoli malū mai ona aku. Aia i ke ʻano o nā kūlana, ʻo kēia mau manu a ʻo ke kāne hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o kā lākou ʻuʻuku mai Malaki aku a hiki i Mei.

He ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kēia e pili ana i 30 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe he 15 cm.ʻO kēia hihia, heʻuʻuku ka nui o ke kaila: e pili ana i ka lapalapa 10-15 cm. Aia ka pā i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻamau, ma kahi e waiho ai ka lālā i ka ʻala. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā lālā coniferous i uhi ʻia me ka lichen ma kona kumu, e hahai ana nā lālā birch i ka papahola hou, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pū me ka mauʻu, nā ʻili hiʻona, hele mai kēia mau mea me ka hana pālolo, a ma luna ua uhi ʻia i ka mauʻu maloʻo, moss, a me lalo.

Pālulu nā manu i ka 3 a hiki i 7, akā ʻoi pinepine ʻia he 5 mau ʻaleka he keʻokeʻo-ʻula a i ʻole paha. Hele ʻole ʻoliva a i ʻole nā ​​pōkoki hina olakino maikaʻi loa o ka tapa. I kekahi manawa he liʻiliʻi nā manaʻo a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou ma ka hopena blunt. ʻO nā hua o ka honu o ka oblong e pili ana i ʻekolu kenimita lōʻihi, a ʻelua a i ka hapalua kenimika ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākua ʻelua i ka hatching. Kūkū ʻia nā huahe ma hope o 19 mau lā. ʻO ka mea mua i hānai ʻia lākou i nā pepeke a me nā huaʻai, nā kernels o nā nati. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, ua lele ʻoi nā moa i waho o ka pūnana a hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kūʻokoʻa. Akā ʻaʻole hūnā hou nā manu liʻiliʻi, e ʻoliʻoli ana i nā mākua e lawe pū ana i ka meaʻai, a ʻo nā manu makua hū me ka nui o ka uwē e piʻo i ka mea e hoʻopuni i nā hua. Ma hope o ka honu aku ʻana o nā moa, hoʻomoʻa nā manu kahiko. Ke loaʻa ka ikaika o nā keiki, nā neʻe o nā lāʻau pine mai nā wahi kuli i nā mea hou. ʻO ka makeʻana i kēia mau manu e hele mai i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau makahiki.

He aha ke ʻano o ke kedera

Ke hāʻawi nei i kahi hōʻike a ʻōlelo paha i loko o ka papa i kahi kumuhana i ʻōlelo ʻia, pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻike ʻana i kahi manu i waena o.

He manu liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka jackdaw, i waho e like me nā corvids ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka paona o Kedrovka he 150-170 g; ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino me kahi huelo he 20-30 cm.

He palaʻai kala ko ka manu me nā ʻūpī keʻokeʻo. He manamana nō kēia kala i ke kino. ʻAʻohe wahi pau ʻole ke poʻo o ke poʻo. ʻEleʻele ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu me kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻEleʻele a me nā wāwae a ʻeleʻele hina, ʻeleʻele nā ​​maka.

ʻO ka beak ka ikaika, ikaika, lōʻihi, ʻokiʻoki a ʻoi aku ka nani o nā corvids ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi beak i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā nati pine i nā cones.

ʻAno nā peʻaleʻa, nunui, me nā ʻōpū ikaika, kahi paʻa nā manu i nā cones nui i ka wā pāʻina.

Hoʻokumu nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻala i ka plumage i ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana o kahi manu ʻaʻole ikaika loa e kū i ka papa o nā lālā. ʻAʻole ʻo Kidrovka e hana i nā holo lōʻihi; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pahu ākea ma mua o 3 km ākea paha.

Hiki i nā manu ke komo i nā mokupuni me nā typhoons, a i ʻole i ka wā i neʻe ai ka nui ma o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hua.

ʻO ka wehewehe o ke kāne a me ka wahine, kā lākou ʻokoʻa

ʻO nā wahine, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o ka manu me nā manu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne.

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi wahine mai ke kāne, eia naʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia e ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o nā wahi keʻokeʻo i ka plumage. Loaʻa ma mua paha nā kāne i nā wahine.

ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau kedera maʻamau

Hoʻohui wale ʻo Rod Kedrovka i ʻelua mau ʻano:

Cedar (ʻAkula) - Nānā Eurasian.

ʻ Nutlelo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - nā ʻōpū ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Kūpono nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻehā aspen plumage, ʻele a me nā ʻēheu i ʻeleʻele. Noho ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.

Cedar hoʻopuʻi ʻia

Ma waho o ka manawa hoʻouluulu, noho nā māla pine i nā pūʻulu. Hoʻopili lākou i loko o nā hui ma Pepeluali, ʻo kā lākou pūnana ka mākaukau no ʻApelila-Mei.

ʻO ke kānāwai nui: kahi i koho ʻia nā kiki no ka hatching hua, ma luna o ka spruce lōʻihi a i ʻole pine.

I ka hopena o ka pūnāwai, ua waiho ʻia nā 5-6 hua melemele kukui me nā ʻoliva i kālai. Hālua nā mākua ʻelua i ka masonry kahili. Hoʻohui hou ʻia ʻo Chicks ma hope o nā lā 18-20 lā.

Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, ua haʻalele ka lāʻau pine ʻōpala i ka nalo, akā no kekahi manawa, ʻai nā mākua i ka meaʻai no kā lākou keiki.

ʻO ke ola o ka lāʻau kedera ma ka nahele he 9-11 makahiki.

ʻO nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau kedera

Aia nā moʻolelo e hiki ai i nā lāʻau kedera i ka nahele ke hoʻouka i ka lāʻau poli a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe e lawe ai i ka pine cone.

ʻO ka hūnū nui loa, ka mea maʻamau e alakaʻi nei i ka noho maikaʻi ʻana o nā paina pine, i ka makahiki 1885. Wahi a nā moʻolelo o nā kānakaʻepekema kahiko o kēia manawa, neʻe maila nā ʻohana o nā manu mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma Polenekia, Pelekane, Farani a me Kelemānia. Ua hoʻi hou ʻia kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o nā kumulāʻau, make ka ʻōpala, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka poʻe i pakele i nā kānaka i loko o nā hale hou.

ʻAʻole inoa ʻia ka lāʻau cedar o Taiga i loko o ka Red Red Book o kekahi wahi. Wahi a nā ornithologists, kūleʻa ka lehulehu a ʻaʻole i hoʻokokoke i ka paepae o ka nāwaliwali.

ʻO nā kīleʻa Cedar i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā lāʻau kedera kekahi lāʻau o ka lāʻau kedera e mālama ai i ka honua a puni mākou. ʻO nā mea ʻaʻole e ʻai ʻia e nā manu a me nā rodents e hānai i nā kaila hou o nā taiga.

ʻAno lawehala

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Kedrovka i kahi noho maʻamau, e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻowalewale iki i ka nānā. I ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻike ʻia i ka hāʻule, i ka wā i hu a kāna mau punahele punahele. Hōʻuluʻulu nā manu i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi e lele ana a lele i nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau kedera. ʻO ka pinepine, no ka ʻimi ʻana i kā lākou mea maikaʻi, lele lākou i loko o nā māla o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā paka.

ʻOluʻolu i ka pōloli, hoʻomaka koke nā walnuts e hana i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā pua momona i nā wahi like i hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ʻia.

Hoʻoulu nā ʻōpala i nā mea i loko o ka pūnāwai, no laila, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kumu lāʻau pine i nā mea kanu a me nā mea lawe i nā lāʻau kedera ma taiga Siberia.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā manu ka mālama i ka maikaʻi o nā kumulāʻau i lalo o nā hale o nā hale. Hiki i ka mea hōʻili manu ʻōpiopio ke hōʻiliʻili a hiki i ka 50 kg o nā huaʻai i ka manawa o ka manawa a hūnā iā lākou ma kahi o 20 mau wahi. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i kāna mau wahi huna a pau, akā mai 30 a 75% o nā lako mea loaʻa a ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopilikia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ka lua i lalo i ka -40 ° C a, ma ke ʻano he hoʻoilo, ka hoʻoilo ma ko lākou mau wahi hānau. Hoʻokahi wale nō nā makahiki huki ʻia ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i nā manawa i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Lele lākou e lele lele ma ke komohana o ka konenika ʻEulopa i nā ululāʻau kokoke i ke kai Baltic.

ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua nui loa o nā subiberia Siberian N.c. macrorhynchos i nānā ʻia ma Central Europe i 1968, 1977 a me 1985. I kekahi manawa e hānai nā manu pōloli ma luna o ke kahua Pelekane Pelekane a loaʻa ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEnelani.

ʻO nā lau Pine, koe wale nā ​​nati, hānai i nā mea inikini, snails, reptile liʻiliʻi a me nā amphibians, nā hua a me nā hua. I ke anu anuanu, ʻo kā lākou papa inoa ka mea kokoke i nā ʻāpana moku i hana i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole lākou e poina i ka manawa e hoʻonani ai i nā hua a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a me nā moa, nā ipo a me nā voles. He manu aloha nā manu a hānai i nā mea āpau i loaʻa i ko lākou noho.

Kaulana nui nā ʻōpio no kā lākou pākiki a a ʻike pinepine i nā poʻe e ʻimi ana i kahi e ola ana. ʻAʻole makaʻu lākou i kahi kanaka a e hoʻokokoke lākou iā lākou iho.

ʻO ko lākou mele e like me ka nū leo mālie me ke ʻano o ka leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike lākou i ko lākou kuʻuna a me ka hopohopo me nā kū hoʻōho nui.

Arehaўka

Malia paha a puni ka ʻāina o Belarus

Kāleka ʻĀina Corvidae - Corvidae.

I Belarus - N. c. caryocotactes, i nā manawa o ke komo ʻana iā N. c. macrorhynchos.

ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi a me nā hoʻoilo. He mea maʻamau maʻamau ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka repubalika, kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai i ka manawa hana. ʻIa pinepine ia ma ke kahe o ka repubalika, lele lele ma ka hāʻule hoʻoilo a loaʻa pinepine i ka hoʻoilo. Holo ka palena hema o ka pale hua ʻāina a me ka palena o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka spruce, kahi pili me ka manu i hoʻopili pū ʻia.

ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike i ka kaila o kēia hoʻoili ʻia ʻana i nā lāʻau cedar ma nā wahi o Belarus. Hana ʻia ia manawa ma ke kula āpau a no laila ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike kūikawā o kēia ʻano. Wahi a M.E. Nikoforov (2008) a me kekahi o nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe, ua pālahalaha ʻia ka lāʻau cedar ma Belarus ma nā wahi kūpono no kona mau wahi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe ikepili piha i ka pili ʻana i nā ʻano. Ua hōʻike ʻo Gaiduk lāua ʻo Abramova (2013) i ka ʻāina Brest. ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hihia hoʻopiʻi, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā hōʻike o kēlā Ua kuhikuhi aku nā mea kākau like i ka 2 hihia o ka walnut e kū nei ma ka moku Svisloch o ka ʻāina Grodno. ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha: i Mei 1956 a me Iune 1965 ma ka Brest Region. ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ua manu nei he mau manawa 5: 10/05/1984, 04/04/1989 a 10/25/1998, hoʻokahi kanaka hoʻokahi ma ka moku ʻo Berezovsky, 01/08/1986 (2 mau kanaka) a me 11/28/2001 (3 mau kanaka) i Apana Ivatsevichi. I loko o NP Pripyatsky, ʻo NP Braslav Lakes a me NP Belovezhskaya Pushcha, hōʻike ʻia ka like me kahi noho paʻa.

He manu ʻāpana manu kāwili ka nui. ʻEleʻele ka polū, me ka nui o nā wahi keʻokeʻo, e ʻike ʻia ana ka manu. Aia ma ke poʻo aia kahi poʻo "pāpale", ʻehā a pali ka hulu a me ka ʻolima, akā he keʻokeʻo nā poʻo o ka huluhulu, no ka hopena o ka huelo i kahi palena keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka lele a me kahi noho ana o ka manu. He keʻokeʻo ka keʻena, keʻokeʻo a me nā wāwae hina. ʻO ka paona o ke kāne he 130-190 g, ʻo ka wahine ka 124-200 g. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino (nā kāne ʻelua) he 31-38 cm, nā ʻēheu he 52-60 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o ka kāne he 18-20 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 14-14.5 cm, nā pūkō he 5 mm . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka loa ʻēheu o nā wahine ʻo 19-19.5 cm, tarsus 5 cm, beak 5 cm.

He manu manawaleʻa wale nō, i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna wai mua i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kāhea o ke ʻano o kahi pua - he hiʻo "crre-crre-cree".

Noho ka Cedar ma ka nui o nā ulu lāʻau e ʻoka nei, hoʻoneʻeneʻe maikaʻi i nā ululāʻau pihi, a me nā ʻuala i hui ʻia (spruce-oak, spruce-pine, spruce-alder) me nā māla o ka pōpoki ma ka mākaʻu a i nā wā kokoke i hoʻopalulu ʻia.

ʻO nā moʻokāki ma nā wāwae ʻelua. Kūkulu ʻo ia i nā mauheu ma nā lāʻau ahi ahi 20-30 mau makahiki, maʻa mau ma kahi o ke ʻano, i ke kiʻekiʻe o 4-8 m, i kekahi manawa a hiki ke 15-17 m Ua hāhā nui ʻia kekahi o lākou i nā palupalu mānoanoa, ʻoiai ʻē aʻe kekahi, ke wehe piha. Ka mea, ke kaulana kaulana o ka wahi o ka nano ma kahi lāʻau paina, ma ka ulu lāʻau sorrel-oak.

Kūkulu ʻia kahi nū manu me ka nui o ka nūnū (maloʻo ʻia me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo) nā lālā o nā conifers (spruce, a uhi ʻia me nā lichens), ʻo ka pinepine me ka hoʻohui o nā lālā lahilahi o nā lāʻau deciduous (ma mua o ka birch). Hoʻoulu ʻia ka papa ʻaihue palupalu me ka bast, green moss, lichens, i nā manawa maʻamau i nā ʻōpala pirau, a me ka honua. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pā me ka lae poʻomaʻo, mauʻu mau, ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumi, ʻoi aku ka nui me ka huluhulu a me ka lau ʻulaʻula. ʻAi pinepine nā manu a me nā hulu o ka manu hatching i loko o ka pūnana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pūnana he 21-25 cm, ka lōʻihi he 30-45 cm, ka hohonu o ke kahua o 77.5 cm, ka lōʻihi o 12-16 cm.

ʻO ka pipi piha piha ʻia he 3-6 (ka maʻamau 4) mau hua. Mahele iki ka pīhoihoi a paku paha. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ke ʻano nui me ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka poni-keʻokeʻo paha, i kekahi manawa me kahi leʻule hina. He ʻano ʻē loa ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻohālike. Hihihi loa ʻia kekahi mau hua me nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa, ua uhi ʻia kekahi mau liʻiliʻi i kahi nānā liʻiliʻi e like me ka monochromatic. Aia hoʻi kekahi hua me nā pālahalaha nui, nā ʻokoʻa ʻole, a ma kahi ʻē aʻe paha, me nā blurry, spaces spaces spaces. Kūʻai pinepine, nā pālahalaha i ka palaualaka, e hoʻopili ana i kahi corolla i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ke Kulanui o ka papahele mai nā brown e like me ka mālamalama a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo-brown, hohonu - ashen a violet-hina. ʻO ka paona hua 11 g, ka lōʻihi 33-37 mm, diameter 24-26 mm.

E hoʻonui ʻia nā wā hana. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka oviposition i loko o Malaki a i ka makahiki mua o ʻApelila. Aia kahi brood i ka makahiki, akā inā ma ka make me ka make, ua kau hou ka kau ʻana (ma kahi lā ma hope). Hoʻokomo nā manu ʻelua i 18 mau lā, i ka pō - he wahine, i ke ao - ke kāne a ka wahine. Haʻalele nā ​​pua momona i ka pili i ka makahiki 25.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai, ʻai ʻia nā hua pua o ka puna a me nā pine, hazelnuts, mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kumulāʻau, nā mea like ʻole i nā kiʻi, i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela - nā pepeke, nā ʻanuʻu a me nā mollusks, i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Loaʻa hoʻi nā hua aila i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā manu i ke kauwela (Iulai), no laila, loaʻa ka manu iā lākou mai nā lāʻau o ka makahiki i hala.

ʻO ka makahiki nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻEulopa he 19 mau makahiki 11 mau mahina.

1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "holoholona aupuni o Belarus. Vertebrates: puke paʻi." Koik, 2013. -399 p.

2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Nā manu o Belarus: He Puke Hana-Hana no nā Nests a me nā ʻUmi" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.

3. Grichik V. V. "He ʻano like o ka manu me ka helu ʻana ma Belarus (analysis taxonomic)." Minsk, 2005. -127с.

4. Gaiduk V. E., Abramova I. V. "Ekemu o na manu ma ka hema-komohana o Belarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013. –298с.

5. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Nā ʻslio o Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.

6. Nikiforov M. E. "ʻO ka hoʻokumu a me ke ʻano o nā avifauna o Belarus." Minsk, 2008. -297s.

7. Appendix G. He papa hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho manu no nā manu manu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kaona o ka moku aupuni ma Pripyatsky National Park / Manaʻo Kūʻai no ka Pripyatsky National Park. Buke 1. Minsk, 2012. S.353-360

8. ʻendilelo C. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā manu manu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kaona o ka moku ma ke ʻano o Braslav Lakes National Park. Buke 2. Nā noi komo i ka ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Minsk, 2014. S.137-146

9. Abramchuk A. V., Cherkas N. D. "Nā manu o ka nahele Bialowieza: kahi papa inoa ʻōnaehana" / Subbuteo 2011, Volume 10. P.18-31

10. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) EURING papa inoa o nā moina lōʻihi no nā manu ʻEulopa.