He pīhoihoi wale ia no ke kumu a haʻaheo nani a hoʻonaninani ʻo ia i kahi ʻano lua kanu maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua ʻai manu kēia ʻaeto i ke kāula, no laila hoʻomaka lākou e kapa ia ia.
Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka manu e makemake e ʻimi i nā lewa i nā kuahiwi, ʻoiai hele mai ʻo ia me ka wehewehe ʻana "kanu kanu"." Akā ua loa no ka lōʻihi loa ia i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻai nui o ka ʻaeto nei i ke ʻano hou.
Eia naʻe, no ka hiki ʻole i ka manu ke kūʻē i kona inoa, ʻaʻohe mea ka inoa o ia ʻano. Lepo kanu kanu - he mea nui ma waena o nā manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino he 83-85 cm, ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 2 m, a kaupaona ka eeto ma kahi o 4,5 kg. ʻO ka mahalo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
I ka kala o kona pala, he like me ka hale kanu kāʻei like me kahi ʻaeto gula, ua ʻeleʻele wale nō. A ʻoi liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ma mua o kahi ʻaeto gula i ka nui. Hiki nō ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kēia mau manu ʻelua e ka hulu hulu ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ua aneane lāua i mau ʻōpala i ke kanu kupapaʻu, a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka ʻaeto gula.
ʻAe, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻolima gula "epaulettes" - nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou poʻohiwi. Akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā manu makua ʻoi aku ka ʻelemakule ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, a hiki i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻōpio nā "ʻōpio".
He ʻano nui loa kēia manu. ʻO kēlā me kēia hanana, ʻoi loa ʻole i ka waiwai, ka ukali pū me ka "ʻōlelo". Inā paha he ala ia o kahi hoa kū, ka ʻano o ke ʻano o kekahi holoholona a i ʻole kekahi kanaka ʻanuʻu manu liʻiliʻi pane me ka leo nui, croaking kani.
A ʻokoʻa nō naʻe i kahi ʻūlio ke kū mālie i ka wā o ka ʻimi a me ka hoihoi ʻana i kahi hoaaloha. He leo nui ka leo o nā kanu kanu, hiki ke lohe ʻia ma kahi lōʻihi o kahi kilomita. Hōʻalo ʻia nā hiʻi ʻana, ai kekahi manawa e like me ka mea e ʻike mai ana i ka ʻīlio ʻana, a i kekahi manawa e like me ka ʻīlio hihiu e ʻimi ana, a i kekahi manawa a loaʻa ke kihiko lōʻihi. ʻO ke koena o nā ʻaeto kahi "kamaʻilio".
Hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka hale kanu
Makemake ʻo ia i ka wāwae wāwae, i ka wao nahele a me nā wahi wao, koho ʻo ia i nā nāheleina hema o Eurasia, Austria a me Serbia. Ua hoʻomaha maikaʻi ʻo ia ma Rūsia, ma ke kūkulu hema-loaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa ma Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Mongolia a me India.
ʻOiai ka pālahalaha pālahalaha, liʻiliʻi ʻia ka nui o kēia ʻaeto. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka nui o nā huina i kahi o lākou. Ua maopopo ia me kēlā ikaika Kuhi ʻia nā wahi kanu i ka Red Red Book.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka hana nui o ka manu ke hāʻule i ka lā. Aia ʻo ka lā a kū aʻe ka lā a ka ʻā o ke ʻano o ke ʻano mai ka hiamoe ʻana o kahi pō, lele nui ka eʻe ma luna o ka honua. ʻImi ʻo ia i ka waiwai. ʻO ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi ke ʻike ʻia kona ʻike iā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe nui. A i ka pō ke makemake ʻana ka manu e hoʻomaha.
ʻAʻole mālama nā ʻaʻio i nā pōpoki, hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i nā pilikia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻenemi. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻenemi hewa, koe wale nō no ke kanaka. ʻOiai ke pāpā ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i kēia pua, hopu kekahi kanaka i nā wahi kanu no ke kūʻai aku. ʻO ka lālani ka manu, ʻoi aku ka uku.
Eia kekahi, waiho ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale i waiho i kahi liʻiliʻi no nā manu e nalo ai, a me nā laina e kuhikuhi ʻia e ka uila e hoʻopau i kēia mau manu. ʻO kēia manu hoʻokiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia me ka hōʻino. ʻO kēlā mau mea e hoʻopuni nei i kona pae ʻāina, kanu kanu ua mua ʻo ia me ka uwē, a ma hope o ka lawehala pono ʻole e hoʻomau i kāna ʻoihana, me ka ʻole ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu, lele ʻo ka manu.
Ma hope o kēlā hoʻouka kaua ʻana, he nui kekahi i koe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hakakā kēia ʻaeto me kona mau hoalauna a ʻaʻole i pale ʻole i nā palena o ke kaona. ʻAe, ʻaʻole ia he paʻakikī - ʻaʻole nui nā mea kanu kanu manu, no laila ua liʻiliʻi loa lākou ka mea paʻa i kekahi wahi, a he nui nā wahi o kahi manu i loaʻa ai nā meaʻai.
Meaʻai o ke kanu kanu
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi nui o nā manu he rodents a me nā mammals liʻiliʻi. Ua pili kēia i nā gophers, nā mea palu, nā hamsters, nā marmots a me nā hares. ʻAʻole makaʻu a palulu manu ka ʻaeto. ʻO ka punahele makemake nui i kahi a me nā corvidae. ʻO ka mahalo, ua lawa ka ʻāina kanu no nā manu i ka wā e lawe ai lākou, ʻaʻole e pili i ka ʻaeto i nā manu lele lele.
ʻO ka mea e ʻai ai ka manu a me ka pala. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine kēia hana i ka pūnāwai. I kēia manawa manawa, ʻaʻole ʻo ka āpau o nā āpau e ala a holo i waho o nā minks, no laila, nā kanu kanu, nā mea i kū koke mai ka hoʻoilo a ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ka helehelena o nā hua, ʻaʻole i piha i ka koho.
Pono kekahi manu i ka meaʻai o 600 g. I nā manawa maikaʻi loa, hiki i ka ʻaeto ke ʻai i nā kilekilima a keu wale nō, ʻaʻole ia e make inā e ʻai i ka 200 g meaʻai. Akā i ka pūnāwai, pono nui nā pūʻali, no laila, ʻo nā kino o nā holoholona home make a me nā kino o nā holoholona i ola ʻole i ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
ʻO ka maʻa mau nā kāne. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ia i ka hoʻoilo, pili pū kekahi mau manu ʻelua. No laila, hiki lākou i ka wā hoʻoilo, hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā pāʻani ʻōpio e nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ka mea nāna i neʻe i hana i kahi tandem "conjugal".
Hiki i nā ʻōlau ke hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou ʻohana a hānai huaʻi wale i ka wā i hala i ko lākou makahiki i hala a me ka mana o ka make ʻana o 5-6-makahiki. A laila, ma Malaki a ʻApelila paha, pilikia nui ka kāne a me nā wahine. Piha lākou i ka lewa a hōʻike i nā mea āpau e hiki ai, hana lākou i nā pirouette kupaianaha, e huki ana i kā lākou kanaka.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano akamai āpau me nā ʻāʻī ʻole, i ʻole e pani ʻole ai. ʻAʻole ʻike nui kēia ʻano hana, no laila hana koke ʻia nā pali hou. Holo nā kāne kahiko i nā wahi i hoka ai lākou i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a hoʻomaka koke lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou home, ma muli o ka ulu a ka uluheo i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka pūnana o ka aeto
ʻO nā Eagles, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi pūnoho me ia, hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana me kahi wahi e koho ai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua koho ʻia kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, a ma kahi mamao 15-25 m mai ka lepo aku, kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hou i ka mānoanoa o ka lei. He kūpono no ka kūkulu hale a me ka pōhaku. ʻO ka pūnana i hana ʻia i nā pua, nā ʻōpala, nā lau maloʻo a me nā ʻaluna ʻē aʻe, kahi kūpono e like me nā mea hale.
Loaa ke anawaena o ka manuahi i kūkulu ʻia he 150 cm, a ua kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe he 70 cm. Aia ma ia ʻano "ʻano nui" loaʻa iā lākou nā puʻuwai a me nā manu i hala ʻole - nā ʻuʻu, nā lehelehe a me nā aihue e noho ana ma ke kumu o ka hale o ka aeto. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana, e waiho ka wahine i nā hua he 1-3 a paʻi aku iā lākou no nā lā 43.
Kōkua ʻo Eagle e hānai i ka hua, akā ʻo ka wahine e noho pinepine. ʻIke ʻia nā pua me nā hulu manu, eia naʻe, ke uhi ʻia i ka fluff keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hebedoma holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka ʻaeto mai kāna mau pēpē, e hānai iā lākou a mahana a me kona kino. I kēia manawa, mālama ke poʻo o ka ʻohana i ka meaʻai o ka makuahine a me nā keiki.
A laila inā ʻaʻole mau 2 nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻamau, akā 3, make ka moa nāwaliwali loa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make nui o nā moʻo eʻe a make i lalo o nā ʻaeto gula a, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pēpē i ulu maluhia i ka wā ʻelemakule. Ma hope o 2 - 25 mau mahina, ua uhi piha nā pipi i ka hulu a kū ma luna o ka ʻēheu.
Eia naʻe, kamaʻilio mau lākou i ko lākou mau mākua. A hele lākou i ka wā poperty ma hope o nā makahiki 5-6. Loaʻa ka ola ola ʻana o nā ʻaeto ʻokoʻa mai nā aeto ʻokoʻa e noho ana ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole. I ka nahele, ʻo 15-20 mau makahiki ia, a i nā kūlana i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, ua hiki ʻo 55 makahiki.
He kiaʻi kiaʻi
Helu ʻanuʻu manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa. Kuhi ia i loko o ka Puke Red no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka noʻonoʻo me ka palekana piha. Poaching, nā kahua kūkulu hou, deforestation - hoʻopau kēia i ka ʻike. No ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻaeto, hana ʻia nā wahi, manuʻai nā manu i nā Zoos, hana lākou i nā kūlana ma nā wahi i mālama pono ʻia. Ke kali nei ʻaʻole e lilo kēia mau leʻaleʻa, akā e ʻōhoʻe i ka lewa i ka palekana piha.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka aeto ma mua o ka aeto gula, he nāwaliwali palupalu a me nā puʻupuʻu. He manu lele manuahi kēia. Noho ka hale kanu kanu i nā ʻanāhelehele, ala, a i kekahi manawa ke noho ma ka wao nahele.
Hoʻokomo ʻia - Nā manu o kā pio
Ohana - Hawk
Genus / Spesies - Aquila heliaca
Nā ʻike kumu:
Lā: 80-85 cm, ʻokoʻa ka wahine ma kahi o ke kāne.
Polokalamu Wingspan: 190-210 cm.
Puberty: mai 4-5 mau makahiki.
Nā wā hoʻohālikelike: Malaki-Mei mai.
Ka lawe ʻana: no 1 makahiki.
Ka helu o nā hua: 2-3.
Ke Kuhiakau: 43 lā.
Hola i nā pipi: 65-77 lā.
Hana: ʻO nā manu kūlima (kiʻi ʻia) nā manu monogamous, mālama ʻia i loko o nā pālua, ʻimi manu i ka lā.
Meaʻai: nā mumū liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, ke kālai ʻia.
ʻO ke ola ola: 15-20 makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻaeto, ka ʻaeto nui i kālai ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻaeto ʻae ʻae i loko o ke ʻano.
Ke pale ʻia nei ka ʻaeto kanu i nā wahi a pau o kāna pānaʻi, akā naʻe, no kēia ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā manu i loaʻa ma ʻEulopa. Ua ʻike ka poʻe liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā poʻe nānā ke nānā i ke kanikele o kēia ʻaeto hanohano a nani.
Hoʻopōla
ʻO nā manu ʻōlule he mau manu monogamous e hoʻopau i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa me ka hoa hoʻokahi. I kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻi nei lākou i ka pūnana like ʻole. Ma ka hōʻea ʻana mai nā ʻāina mahana, nā hana kanu ka pā ʻana i nā hula kanikele - nā manu e uluhua i luna o ka pūnana, a hoʻolei pū i ka pōhaku, i kekahi manawa e hoʻopiʻi ana i kekahi me kā lākou mau wāwae me ka pīkī i ka lewa. Hoʻokūkū ʻia nā lua kanu kanu i kahi pālepa o nā lālā ma kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua he 2-3. Hoʻopili pono nā mākua ʻelua i ka hua hoʻohiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pihi a me ka ikaika i kekahi. ʻAi ʻia ka hānau mua i ka hapa nui o ka hānai, a ma kekahi manawa ka make loa i kāna mau kaikaina ʻōpio. Eia naʻe, hoʻokele pinepine nā kanu kanu e hāpai i ʻelua mau pīpī. ʻO ka hala nui a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka loea o ka holoholona ke kumu nui o ke kumu ka noho ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā manu i nā wahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu huluhulu i ka mahiʻai e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka nui o nā aeto.
KAOLAHA
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, lele ka nui o nā leʻe mai ʻEulopa a ʻAmelika ʻAmelika paha, a i nā kūlaki Arabia a me ka Middle East a iā Iran.
ʻOi ka hau o ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻoi aku ka lele o nā manu. A laila lele akula ka muli loa o lākou. I ka wā lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana, hoʻopakele ka ʻōiwi i ka mana a hoʻohana i ka ʻāpana nui o kona mau ʻēheu no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka mau lewa uila.
Ke kū nei ʻo ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke neʻeʻo neiʻo ia i lalo i ka kahawai pae hou, e hāpai hou ana i ka manu. ʻAʻole pono ka hale kanu kanu i ka lele ʻana ma luna o nā kino nui o ka wai, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mau wai mahana i kēia mau wahi a i nā manu e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻoikaika.
MEA LOA
Noho ka ʻeto kanu kanu nei i nā anuʻu, nā anuʻu helehelena, nā semi-deserto, nā wahi pāpū a me nā wahi ma nā wahi neoneo. Loaʻa kēia manu ma ka lalo o nā mauna. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka noho ʻana i kahi eʻe a ke kanu ʻana i kahi māla a haʻalulu a me nā lāʻau lāʻau loloa a me nā mākeke o nā mea kanu kai. Pāʻulu nā paila i kahi mamao loa mai kekahi mai, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai kā lākou nā ʻāina a kahi neʻe kūʻai. ʻO ka wahi hopu ma ke kahua kanu kanu wahi i uhi ai i kahi wahi o 50 km 2.
I ka makahiki 1920, ua noho nā koholu i kanu ʻia i ka Danube Delta ma Romania i loko o nā helu he nui, kahi i 3 mau kilomika o ka muliwai i hoʻokahi manu eone. He nui nā manu e hele i kēlā me kēia lā e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai mai ka pili ʻana, no laila ʻoi loa ka nui o ka ʻāina o kēlā mau pālua.
I nā makahiki he kanalima i hala aku nei, ua emi ikaika ka nui o nā holoholona i mālama ʻia e kēia mau manu o ka holoholona i hala. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka mahiʻai i ka mahiʻai i huli ke ala i nā mahina nunui kahi i ʻole hānai hou ai i ka lāʻau rodents.
I loko o nā kapuwai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi pilikia i kēia pilikia - ka nele o nā lāʻau kūpono i ka pili, e kū ai i kahi noho aeto. I kēia lā, ua ʻike ka ʻeto kanu kanu ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi.
HE MEA KUKAI
E like me nā ʻaina ʻē aʻe, ua hānai nui nā loina i ka mea kanu ola, akā ʻaʻole ka mea hoʻowahāwahā, kahi i ka manawa hiki ke lilo i mea ʻai nui - ʻike ʻia kēia i nā windeke nui i ka wā paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea ola.
Nānā ka ʻeto make kanu i ka mea i make, e noho ana ma luna o ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, a ʻike ʻole ʻia, holo koke ʻo ia mai luna mai. Ma hope o kahi ʻimi pōkole, ʻuʻuku pinepine ka ʻaeto i ka mea i ʻoki a ʻeli pū i loko me kona ikaika a koi a like, me nā wīwī. I ka hapa nui o ka laulā, ʻo ke kumu o kaʻai o ka hale kanu kanu e kau nei i nā hares, hamsters, groundirrels, rabbits a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kēia manu lele ke hopu i ka waiwai nui e kau ana ma luna o 5 kg. E hānai ana ʻo ia i nā manu, e like me nā pōpio ʻōpio, nā ʻīnī, nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā ʻōniʻu.
ʻO nā subspesies Sepania e noho ana ma nā kuahiwi o Central and Southern Spain ʻĀpana nui e hānai ma nā lapalapa ʻAʻole ola wale ke kanu ʻana i ke kanu, akā huli pinepine ia i ʻelua: hoʻohiki hoʻokahi manu i ka pāʻani a alakaʻi ia i kahi, kahi mākaukau mākaukau. Ma hope o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka pālua e ʻai pū ana ka ʻai.
KUPONO NA INOA HUI, KAHAKUI.
- Hoʻomaka nā paina hale kupapaʻu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hoʻomau mau nei ka nui o ka pūnana, a ʻo ka lālā kahi e kau ai ma laila, ʻaʻole ia e kākoʻo mau i kēia ukana, no laila hiki iā ia ke hōʻoki.
- I kekahi mau'āina ʻEulopa, ʻoiai nā kīkaha alakāka, ke kaua nei ka poʻe i nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae me ka mau lāʻau strychnine, ka mea e make ai nā holoholona he nui, e komo ana nā wahi kanu.
- Hiki i kekahi mau hanauna o ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻeto kupapaʻu e hoʻohana i hoʻokahi pūnana no nā kenekulia a keu paha.
- ʻOiai ka nui o kona nui nui, ka ʻai ʻana o ka aeto ma luna o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, ka baki, nā mea palu a me nā mea hihiu.
HE MOOLELO NO KA MAKANA O KA EAGLE-TOGETHER. NA PALAPALA HOOPII
Lipi: ka maʻa pinepine ʻana o ka ʻaeto hoʻolele e lele lele ʻana i ka lewa, ke hopu ʻana i ka mea pio, e hāʻule ana mai luna aʻe me nā eheu kuʻi.
ʻLelo: E keʻokeʻo ana ka wahine i ka 2-3 keʻokeʻo me nā hua melemele i ʻokiʻoki ʻia, ka manu a nā manu ʻelua no ka 6 mau pule.
Beak: ikaika, pākiki ʻia - kūlou i lalo, lawelawe e luku aku i ka mea pio.
Lūlā: brown, ʻeleʻele, loaʻa nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma 1 ke poʻo, ka ʻehā, ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā manu o nā kāne like ʻole i waho. He ʻōpala lahilahi mau polū o ka manu ʻōpio. A hiki i 5 mau makahiki, eʻeleʻele.
- Ke noho ʻana o ka ʻaeto kanu
MEA LOA
Noho ka ʻeto kanu kanu ma ʻEulopa Hema, ʻAmelika-Komohana a me ʻĀsia. Ua kahele ʻia nā ʻāpana Sepania i loko o kahi wahi ʻawale i nā mauna o Central and Southern Spain.
KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO
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Kahu a ka lepo i hoʻoiho (1). Wikiō (00:01:16)
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Eagle Mogilnik i ka mauʻu me kahi ʻē ʻeha manuahi, i loko o kahi nāwaliwali nawaliwali i ʻOkakopa 2010.
Kahu ʻia i ka haukapila manuahi, no ka mea ua ʻai ʻia nā ʻuʻu ʻēheu e nā wēlau, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e nā kauka o ka haukapila manuahi i ka ehe. Hoʻohui ka ʻēheu ma ka paia o ka hale). I kēia manawa ke olakino piha, ʻai ʻo ia i ka ʻai wale nō. ʻAʻole hiki ke lele nā mea, kahi nona ʻo ia he pōʻino koʻikoʻi.
Ua ola ʻo ia me mākou i ʻekolu makahiki.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano wahine a me ka makahiki ʻōpio.
Ma kona wahi e noho ai
Aia ka ʻaeto ma North Africa a me Eurasia mai Sepania a hiki i Transbaikalia. Ma Lūkia, ke kanu ʻia ke kanu ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka wahi i hui ʻia ai ka ulu lāʻau, i loko o ka ululāʻau-ʻanuʻu a me ke ala o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me Siberia hema. ʻO ka nui o ka hale kanu i ʻEulopa he 800 - 1000 mau pālua, ma Asia he liʻiliʻi i liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā wahi hoʻoilo (kahi e lele ai nā wahi kanu i ka mahina o Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa) aia ma Asia Hema a me ʻAmelika Komohana.
ʻO nā hale noho palapū o nā ʻaeto aliʻi he mau ʻōpala maloʻo me nā lāʻau paina kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ākea, nā ʻūā noʻo, nā mokupuni o ka wao a me nā kumu lāʻau ʻoka.
Nā hōʻailona waho
ʻO waho, ua like ia me ka ʻaeto kanu i ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto gula, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i ka nui. ʻO kēia kahi kumu ʻelele nui o ka ʻohana hawk me nā ʻēheu ikaika a me ka huelo lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka paona o nā manu e pili ana i ka 2.5 a hiki i ka 4,5 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ke hiki i 85 cm.
Ke kanu ʻia nei ke one ʻeleʻele wale o ke poʻo
ʻO kaʻeleʻele nui ke kala o ka plumage, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele. He māmā ka wahi a ka ʻāʻī, eia nā hulu na ka hue ʻū. ʻIke pinepine i nā poʻohiwi o ke kanu wahi ke ʻike i nā ʻula keʻokeʻo, nā mea i kapa ʻia nā epaulettes.ʻO ke kāne a me ka wahine ʻoi aku ka hana maikaʻi ʻole ma waho, akā ua kau lākou i ka lole o ka pākeke i loko o ke ono a ʻehiku paha o ke ola. ʻAno melemele nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, akā heʻulaʻula nā ʻeke ma nā wāwae.
ʻO ka leo leo o ke kanu ʻana ke kani leo e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kaheʻe a me nā ʻīlio holo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui
He manu nui ʻo ka manu kanu kanu, e like me ka mea like a me nā ʻano like ʻole i ka ʻaeto gula, akā he liʻiliʻi iki ia ma mua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 70-80 cm, ua like nā ʻēheu mai ka 175 a 215 cm, ke kaumaha o ke kāne he 2.5–4.5 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. He manu ʻano nui i ka ʻaeto kahi leo kūmole nui a eia no ka ʻohana ʻo Hawk. He ʻōpau ikaika nā ʻano o kēia ʻano, kahi ʻano o ke ʻano o ka curved, a ua ulu mai nā ʻiʻo.
He ʻāʻī ikaika a kūleʻa nā wāwae o nā Eagles. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ko lākou ʻonua "kapa" manamana wāwae i nā wāwae. He ʻēheu ka nui o nā manu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi ma mua o 50 cm. He lele kiʻekiʻe a lele nā ʻalā a nānā aku i ka mea pio me nā pilikia ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ʻike maikaʻi. Lele ma nā pālua a hīmeni paha. ʻAʻole kūpono ke ʻano o ka ʻono. Hele lāua i ka moekolohe i loko o ʻehā a i ʻelima mau makahiki.
ʻĀlelo Hoʻohui & Hoʻohui hou
Pākuʻi ʻia nā hale kanu kanu i nā mea like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau waiwai momona maoli: nā kuʻi ʻāina, nā hamsters, nā marmots, hares, jerboas. Hāpai pū kekahi i nā partridges, puʻu, mākeke, nā kūloko home, ducks, gulls, waders, passerines liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou i nā reptile like ʻole a me nā pepeke nui, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia.
Pono ka ʻāina kanu kanu
Hoʻā pinepine ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mākele i ka lā Malaki. I kēia manawa, hoʻonohonoho pono nā kāne i nā lele hōʻike hōʻike, e hoʻāʻo ana e huki i ka manaʻo o nā wahine. I kēia mea hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokō i ka hemolele, no ka mea e kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā pilina no ke ola! ʻO ke kāne a wahine e noho kokoke i kēlā me kēia i ka hoʻoilo, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā huakaʻi. I ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pili, hele nā kāne i ka kūkulu. ʻO ka pūnaewele like ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia e lākou no kekahi mau makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana ma kahi lāʻau kahiko, maʻamau ma ke kiʻekiʻe 10 a 25 m ma luna o ka lepo. ʻO ka mea pono no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pua a me nā lālā nunui, a i loko o ka pūnana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā moʻu, moss a me ka kahuʻu. Loaʻa nā lālā ʻelua o ka kāne i ke kau ʻana i ka home e hiki mai ana, akā ʻo ka wahine ke kuleana nui. Me ka manawa o ka ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā, e waiho ana ʻo ia mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau hua ʻai, no laila ʻaʻole hānau ʻia nā moa i ka manawa like.
ʻO Grave Eagle Nest
Mai ka manawa o ka kau ʻana i ka hua mua, hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka incubate, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o 43 mau lā. I ka hebedoma mua ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moa, hoʻopau ka wahine i nā manawa a pau i loko o ka nano, me ka hoʻomehana a me ka pale ʻana i nā palupalu nāwaliwali. I kēia manawa, hopu ke keiki kāne a lawe pio ʻana. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ka mea ʻōpio ʻōpio, hiki ʻole i ka hoʻokūkū me kona mau kaikuaʻana, akā no kēia hanana pinepine. Noho nui nā moa i ka nui o 77-80 mau lā ma hope o ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka tapa.
Kamaaina
I kēia manawa, i loko o ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o ka hano i kūpono i kūpono no ke kanu kanu ʻana a me ka lako pono o ka meaʻai ka ʻilihune. Deforestation, ahi, hoʻomohala i ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides, poaching, āpau loa kēia ʻano maikaʻi no ka nui o kēia ʻano. Eia kekahi, e ʻimi ʻia kēia mau manu e hana i nā holoholona i kā lākou mai iā lākou. He kālepa maikaʻi maikaʻi kēia, ʻoiai inā lawe aku i nā hoʻopukapuka ma waho. ʻO nā wahi kanu ʻōpio a me nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻole e make mai ka pehu uila i nā pou o nā laina mana. Hoʻopilikia kekahi poʻe ma nā pōnaka ma nā ala lele.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, hoʻololi pono nā manu i ke ola i ka hoʻopio. Mai ka makahiki 1990, ma ka Galichia Gora Nature Reserve i mālama ʻia kahi mea lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā pā ehele ai nā aila. Mālama ʻia ka ʻike i nā wahi ʻo Lūkia a me nā paka o ke aupuni.
Kāleka
He manu nui o ka mea i hala me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi a me ka hiʻu lōʻihi. Lā 72–84 cm, nā ʻēheu 180–215 cm, ke kaumaha 2.44.5 kg. I ka hapanui pinepine, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kanu kupapaʻu me kahi ʻaeto gula, no ka mea he pili pili a me nā like like kekahi me nā manu ʻelua, a me ko lākou mau ʻāpana. Kahi liʻiliʻi ka ʻāina kanu kanu, he ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua (ʻo ka ʻeto he huluhulu manuʻula, me ka mea hoʻokipa) a me ka ʻeleʻele, a me ka uliuli ʻeleʻele, ka hapa ʻeleʻele o ka hapa nui o ka kino ma ka ʻāʻio gula. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua mae nā hulu i ka lei ma ke kua he ʻeleʻele, a laila ʻike ka ʻāina kanu kanu - he ʻōpala. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā wahi keʻokeʻo - "epaulettes" hiki i ke ulu pinepine i nā poʻohiwi.
Ma nā manu makua o nā kāne ʻelua, ʻeleʻele ka manu lele e ʻeleʻele ma luna, he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma lalo me kahi kumu ʻala hina hina pōpō ma nā kumu o nā waihona pūnaewele. Ma lalo o ka waiʻu ʻeleʻele, mai ka lalo haʻahaʻa-ʻulaʻula i ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, a me ka hui pū ʻia ʻana. ʻO nā eheu ka uhi mai lalo mai, e kū'ē ana i ke kua o nā ʻēheu, ke nānā aku i nā mea ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula. Aia ka huelo i kahi hiʻohiʻona polū, e hui pū ai i nā kala ʻeleʻele a me ka hina. Loaʻa nā hale kanu nā lua i ka lole hope loa o nā makahiki ʻelima wale nō o nā makahiki 6-7. He māmā nā manu ʻōpiopio ʻōpio -ʻo ka hapanui māmā ocher me nā ʻāʻā lōʻihi a me nā pōkole manu-lele manu ʻeleʻele. I kēia mau makahiki, hiki hou aʻe ke kala a nui aʻe a nalowale loa nā leo ocher. ʻO ka hale kanu kanu Sepania, i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka papa o nā ʻano a i ʻole nā subspecies, ke ʻike ʻia e ka plumage me nā manu ʻōpio a maikaʻi a ʻoi ʻōpio, ʻo ia ka ʻula i waho me ka ʻole o nā ʻōkuhi, a me kahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu i ka pākeke.
He ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka balika i ʻole ʻōpiopio, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōlaʻi ka pila i ka waihona a ʻeleʻele ma ke kumu. ʻAkuhi ke aka, nā ʻūhā a me nā wāwae, nā ʻūhā nā ʻūhā. ʻO ka lele, nā hulu i ka wēlau o nā ʻēheu i lele lima, lohi ka lele o ka manu.
He leo leo
He manu manuahi kūpono ʻole, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke aila gula a me ka ʻaeto Kaffir, he ʻano maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaka o ka wā hānau. Hohonu hohonu ka leo a ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o ka ʻaeto gula. ʻO ke kani nui, ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o nā kani croaking "Krav-Krav-Krav ..." a i ʻole "kaav-kaav-kaav ...", maʻamau ka 8 o nā syllables me nā hana a ka ʻīlio e kolohe ana. E lohe maikaʻi ʻia kēia uwē ma ka lōʻihi o 0.5-1 km. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea kōwili pākahi ma kona kahua, ka hale kanu kahi e noho ana ma ka nuku, e hoʻopiha mai i ka uaki ʻana o ka leo "kok-gok k..k..k" a i ʻole ka uha nui ʻana e kani ai ka leo o ka kani.
Nā kikowaena waena
He manu liʻiliʻi, a manu liʻiliʻi. He meaʻino loa ia i ka wao nahele, ke kapihi, nā wao nahele a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka wahi ulu o Eurasia mai ʻAmelika, Slowakia a me Serbia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke awāwa Barguzin, nā waena waena o ka pā o Vitim a me lalo o ke awāwa ʻo Onon. ʻO ka huina o ka heluna heluna o ʻEulopa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 950 mau pahuhopu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapa o lākou, mai 430 a 680 mau pahikena (2001 data) i ka pale ma ke komohana hema o Rūsia. Ma mua o ʻumi mau pālua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Bulgaria, Hungary, Georgia, Makedonia, Slowakia, a me Ukraine, i loko o kekahi mau wahi o Central a me Eastern ʻUlani, he pākahi wale nō. Ma Asia, ma waho o Lūkia, e kūleʻe nei ʻo ia ma Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Iran, paha Afghanistan, komohana ʻākau a me Mongolia ʻĀkau.
Ma ka ʻāpana o ka Lūsia iā Rūsia, ia nests hema hema o nā awāwa o ka Voronezh (Lipetsk māhele), ʻo Tsna (Tambov region), Pyana (Nizhny Novgorod), pae lalo a ka Sura (Chuvashia), ka rohe ʻo Kazan, nā kihi hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Perm a me ka hema o ka māhele Sverdlovsk. Ma ka hikina, huli ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kazakhstan, e hoʻi hou ana i Rūsia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Central Siberia, kahi ia e noho ai i nā wahi i alahele a me nā loina ala-steppe o Krasnoyarsk Teritori ma ka hikina hema o ka mauna Sayan, hema o nā wahi o Achinsk a me Krasnoyarsk. ʻO nā wahi ma ka hikina a puni, nā wahi huna e pili ana i ka ʻāina Baikal (Ust-Orda Buryat region a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kikowaena o Irkutsk a me Buryatia) a me Transbaikalia (Dauria).
Nā Moho
Wahi a ka mea maʻamau, kahi ʻano migratory a i ʻole kekahi hapa migratory. ʻO nā manu makua mai Central Europe, ka Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor a me nā Caucasus e alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi, aʻo ka wā'ōpiopio e lele i ka hema. I kaʻoi aku o ka lehulehu i ka hikina, aia nō kekahi mau manu i loko o ka laulā, akā e hoʻokipa ʻia ma kona ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO ke koena e neʻe aʻe i ka hema - i Turkey, i Israel, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, Laos a me Vietnam. I ʻApelika, ua hōʻea nā kānaka ma Kenya. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio ka mea mua i haʻalele i nā pūnaewele nūhou i ʻAukake a, ma ke ʻano he hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Holo ka pahu mai hema mai waena mai o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa a hoʻi hou i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila.
Hoʻaiho
I ka mea mua, he manu no nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa a nā ʻāina hoʻopiʻi, ma nā wahi he nui i ke alualu a me ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻāina, ua piha ʻia i ka mauna - kahi i ʻike hou ʻia ai kahi ʻaeto gula nui loa. ʻO nā hale noho nui kahi kīhāpai he anuʻo ala, nā ʻalāʻau ala, nā semi-desales, akā ʻaʻole ke kaaka ʻana, e like me ka ʻaeto a me nā ʻūhā kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa a me ʻEulopa, ka huki i nā kuahiwi kokoke i kahi ākea a hiki i ka 1000 m ma luna o ke kai. Ma nā kāwili wai o ka Dnieper a me Don i noho ai i nā kihi lāʻau, nā lāʻau paʻa lāʻau, ka puhi ʻana. Ma nā wahi i Ciscaucasia a me Volga, noho ia i nā ʻāpana ʻāina i nā kāpaki a me nā ʻāina semi-wao, a me ka ulu lāʻau, kahi e makemake ai ia i nā wahi me kahi puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa - nā awāwa wai, nā gullies, nā kahe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā poʻe noho hikina i ka hānai laʻa - steppe, steppe a me nā ʻano ʻāina semi-wao me nā mea kanu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai. I nā wahi hoʻoilo he koho ʻo ia i nā biotopes like pū, pili pū me nā kino wai.
ʻAno hānau
Loaʻa i nā koena kanu nā kāʻei a ka ʻelima mau makahiki i ka makahiki ʻelima a iono paha o ke ola, a ma ka nui ke hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻoulu. ʻO kēia mau ʻaila mau, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomau nā pahu i ka wā o ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka ka māla mare ma ka hema o ʻEulopa ma Malaki, i ka ʻāina o ka USSR ma mua i ka Pōʻalua - ʻApelila I ka wā o kēia manawa, ʻano nui nā ʻano o nā manu e lele ana a puni ka ʻāina a me ke kani nui ʻana. ʻO ka pinepine, nā kāne, a i kekahi manawa nā wahine, hana ʻole, kapa ʻia ʻo "garland" huli, i ka wā e hiki koke ai ke kahakiʻi i nā kiʻina ʻihi me nā ʻēheu ʻuʻuku a hoʻomāne i ka piko like mua. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka hāʻule a kū aʻe ke piʻi i ka manawa maʻamau, ka ʻū ʻana i ka manaʻo o ke holo ʻana i luna o ka mea hoʻokani kaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne e hoʻopiʻi nui i nā hiʻi leo nui. ʻO ka manawa, hele nā wahine i nā kāne i kēia "hana", akā hana lākou me ka maluhia a he ikaika ʻole hoʻi.
Ua hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia wahi no ka laulā no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopili i kahi ʻaeto e hoʻohala i nā nests ma kahi lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10-25 m ma luna o ka lepo. I ka pau ʻole ʻana, hiki iā ia ke nano i waena o nā lālā o kahi palupalu liʻiliʻi, e like me ka caragana, a he mea liʻiliʻi loa ʻole ma luna o ka pōhaku liʻiliʻi. Makemake ʻo ia i ka pine, larch, poplar, birch, ʻaʻole pinepine i nā nests ma ke kumu lāʻau, alder a i ʻole aspen. ʻAʻole e like me ka ʻaila gula, kahi i loaʻa ai ka pūnana i waenakonu o ka lei, kahi e kanu pinepine ai ka hale kanu kupapau i kona ʻāpana nui, kokoke i ka piko. Ma nā wahi wale nō me nā makani ikaika (no ka laʻana, ma ka minusinsk depression i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia) a i ʻole kahi i kanu ʻia nā wahi kanu i nā manawa hou (e like me nā Southern Urals), loaʻa i ka hano ma waena o ka lei - i kahi ʻāpana i loko o kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole ma kahi lālā o kahi lālā koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka nests, ʻo ka nui o ka pūnaewele ma ka pae a hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, kūkulu ʻia e nā lālā ʻelua o ka pālua, akā no ka hapa nui o ka wahine. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā nests i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe, e like me kekahi mau loea, hōʻemi kēia i ka nui o nā parasitē e noho ana i loko o lākou - nā manu lele, nā lice-fly a me nā alamo. Nui nui ka nano (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻaeto gula) a he nui o nā lālā ākea a me nā lālā. ʻO ka huele - kahi mea haʻahaʻa o ka waenakonu o ka pūnana - i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lālā coniferous liʻiliʻi, kahiʻā, ka manure lio, i kahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi ka nui, ka huluhulu a me nā ʻōpala anthropogenic. ʻO nā manu manu i loko o ka nahele e hoʻohui i nā lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā ʻōpio - kahi ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻaeto gula. ʻO ke anawaena o ka pūnaa hou i kūkulu ʻia ma ka awelika 120-150 cm, kiʻekiʻe 60-70 cm. I nā makahiki ma hope mai, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka pūnana i ka nui, a hiki i ka 180-240 cm ka lōʻihi a me 180 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā manu ʻē aʻe, noho ka manu liʻiliʻi ma ka kumu o ka pū kahiko - no ka laʻana, ma ka hikina o ka ākea ma aneane o lākou āpau, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā noho kiki, a me nā nangan o nā aihue o Daurian a i ʻole nā ʻunepā keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke noho hou nā kika Saker i kahi pūnana i ka piha ʻole, ʻoiai ua hele maikaʻi kēia mau hihele ʻana i nā aila ʻē aʻe, me ka pana iā lākou mai kā lākou pūnana.
Ke waiho nei i hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki, aia iā 1-3 (pinepine pinepine 2) mau hua e kau ʻia me kahi wā o 2-3 mau lā. Mamuli o ka hale, hana kēia ma waena o ka hopena o Malaki a i ka hopena o ʻApelila a iʻole o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei. ʻO ka ʻōpala, he palaka, kūloko; he hina, he violet a he ʻulaʻula ʻoloka mau ʻike ʻia i kahi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka nui o nā hua lahilahi (63–83) x (53–63) mm. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka masonry mua, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻopuka hou, akā aia nō i kahi pā hou. Hoʻomaka ka Hatching me ka hua mua a kū ka lōʻihi ma nā lā 43. Hoʻopili nā lālā ʻelua o ka kāne nei, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa i loko o ka nalo i hoʻopau ʻia e ka wahine. Kohu ʻia nā ʻili me ka fluff keʻokeʻo e like me ka leo like a like me ka wā i kau ʻia ai nā hua manu. Noho ka wahine i ka hebedoma mua ma ka pili, e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka bro, ʻoiai ʻo kā ke kāne kāne e hopu a lawe pio. I kekahi manawa ua make ka ʻōpio ʻōpio, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūkū me ko kaikuahine a ʻoi aku paha i kekahi kaikuahine a ʻoi aku paha, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka ʻaila gula a i ʻole kahi nui aeto nui. Ma ke makahiki he ʻelua mau pule, hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona mua o ka plumage i nā ʻokiʻoki, ma hope o 35-40 mau lā wale nō ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i hala, a ma hope o 65-7 lā mau lā ka ʻakaʻi ʻana o nā keiki i ka ʻēheu. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻi hou nā moa i laila no kekahi manawa, ma hope kahi e puehu a lele a lele i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo mua.
Mea ʻai
Hōʻalo ʻia ia i nā mammals liʻiliʻi a me nā pā - ka poʻe gophers, nā kiʻi, nā puaʻa, nā kahe wai, nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio a me nā marmots, a me ka mākele a me nā corvidae. Hoʻokomo ka ʻalemona i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka papaʻaina - ʻoiai ma ke kauwela mua, i ka wā e hele ai nā rodents i ka wā hānau, a ʻaʻole i hoʻi nā manu mai ka hoʻoilo. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, ʻike mokulele ka mokulele a puni nā wahi i loaʻa i nā holoholona i hāʻule i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kupapaʻu o kahi hipa, he ungulate, a he ʻīlio paha e hiki ke hāʻawi i nā manu i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau lā. I nā kīʻaha pilikia ʻole, ʻai nui ʻo ia i ka bakoka a me nā lau.
ʻO Prey, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua lawa ia mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka honua, a me ka hihia o nā manu, i kekahi manawa ma ka uē. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, ua hoʻomake ʻo ia i kahi lōʻihi ma ka lewa a i ʻole nā mākaʻi, e noho ana ma luna o ka dais.
Ke kūlana a me nā mea kau palena
Buke Red Russia ke kahe ana o ka heluna kanaka | |
E ʻike i ka ʻike Kanuāhele manu (manu) ma ka pūnaewele IPEE RAS |
I ka International Red Book, loaʻa i ke kahua kanu ke ʻano o nā mea heʻeha i pōpilikia (māhele Vu) me ka hiki ʻana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā helu. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hōʻino, ʻo ia nō ka nalowale i nā wahi i kūpono no ka pili ʻana, ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka, ka luku luku ʻana, ka make ma nā pou o nā mana ikaika, ka ʻānai ʻana o nā nest. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hāʻawi o ka meaʻai nui i nā aeto - nā wīwī a me nā peʻa wai - nalowale i kahi o nā wahi, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka hopena i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau manu. Mālama ʻia ka ʻaeto e nā Red Books o Rūsia (ʻāpana 2), ʻo Kazakhstan a me Azerbaijan. Aia ia ma CITES Apipi 1, Bonn Convention Appendix 2, Berne Convention Appendix 2, me ka hui bilateral i hoʻoholo ʻia ma waena o Russia a me India a me DPRK ma ka pale o nā manu migratory.Mai ka makahiki 1990, ua hana ʻia kahi kahu hānai no ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻaeto ma ke keʻena ʻo Galichya Gora.
Kahu manu manu: wehewehe
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka makua pālule - loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kahi ʻeleʻele, me kahi koena hāneʻa "mane" me nā hulu ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī a ma hope o ke poʻo. Kahi ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā hulu ʻoi (ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia ʻo ia i kekahi), kahi ʻeleʻele hina hina me kahi ʻano ʻōpala ʻeleʻele a me kahi pālahalaha ākea ma ka loulou, he melemele brown-brown. He ʻeleʻele a he kikowaena nā kuku.
ʻO nā ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio i nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu hulu me nā peka māmā, kahi kino kukui ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me nā pale ākea lōʻihi ma ka kua a kokoke i nā ʻēheu. Loaʻa ka ʻaeto i kāna kala hope o ka plumage i ka makahiki ʻelima. He ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ka anuen i nā pākeke, i nā ʻōpio he ʻulaʻula ia. Ke piʻi nei ka lewa, paʻa ke lele hāmeʻe i kona mau eheu. ʻO ka lili o kahi ʻaeto kala e paʻakikī.
Palapala kanu: hale noho
Noho nā manu ma ke kuahiwi a me nā wahi ala ala ala, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o nā ululāʻau i hui ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me Siberia hema. ʻOi aku lākou makemake i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi wela, ma ka hema, i nā tropics a me nā subtropics o Eurasia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, ma nā wahi he ʻeke loa ka nui. Ke hāʻule nei ka nui o nā poʻe. Pāleʻe ʻo ka ʻaeto i nā ʻanuʻu a me nā mea ala lāʻau o Eurasia. ʻO kahi wahi noho punahele ʻia e manaʻo ʻia he mau lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo, ʻo ia nō hoʻi nā ulu lāʻau, kahi i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau lāʻau e like me ka birch, poplar a meak. Ma nā mauna, e noho ana nā ʻaeto i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1000 m ma mua o ke kai.
ʻĀkau ola, meaʻai
Hoʻohana nui ia i nā rodents: hamsters, groundirirels, groundhog. Hiki i ka hopu hipa, partridges a me nā hares liʻiliʻi. Inā lōʻihi kahi lōʻihi i ʻike ka ʻaeto, a laila e hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ke kāula. ʻAʻai koke ka manu kanu kanu i ka mea i hopu ʻia. ʻAʻole paʻa ka manu lele i nā manu lele.
Pono ka hale kūʻai i ka 400-600 g o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, inu i ka wai nui a no nā manawa lōʻihi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kāna plumage. Ma ke kānāwai, ke kanu nei ka hale kanu i ka manawa liʻiliʻi eʻimi nei, nā māla kanu i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola e pili ana i nā mea e puni nei iā lākou. Hiki i nā Eagles ke mālama i ka meaʻai i ka goiter, no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou e huki i kēlā me kēia lā.
Makemake e makemake i nā palaka ma nā wahi ākea i nā ulu lāʻau a me nā nāhelehele wai. He manuahi nā manu, a hoʻoneʻe a ʻoluʻolu paha. Hoʻomaka ke ʻano ʻekele ʻana mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila, a haʻalele i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa.
ʻAnakoa, ʻaihana
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai ʻana o nā aeto. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā kāne e lele hōʻike, e hoʻāʻo ana e makemake i ka wahine. He kamaʻilio kūkā ʻia ka manu kanu kanu i ka manawa hiki i ka ʻāpono ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka wahine. ʻO nā kāne o ka kaulana "Kra-Krav" kono i nā wahine wahine i kahi lā. No laila, hoʻolaha lākou i ka mahalo no nā poʻe o ka wahine ʻē.
He mau manu manu manu nā ʻalā. I ka wā hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, hui pū nā kāne. I ka manawa e loaʻa ai nā eeto i kahi kūpono no ka nano, hoʻomaka lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā nests ma nā lāʻau kahiko nui, ākea loa ma nā lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nūnū i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, loko ka mea hoʻopuni me ka mauʻu, moss, grass and maina manure is used. ʻO ka pakuhi ka lōʻihi a hiki i hoʻokahi mita. ʻO ka pūnaewele i kau ʻia ai ia e nā ʻaeto no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻokomo pū ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka pili ʻO nā pā hale kanu ka mākua.
Me ka lōʻihi o nā lā ʻelua, e waiho ka wahine i nā hua, no laila e hānau nā manikani i loko o ke kukui a me ka huli. Hoʻomoe ka wā kīlima o ke kanalima i nā lā ʻekolu. I loko o ke kuikahi aia mai kahi ʻekolu a ʻekolu ʻāpana o ke kala keʻokeʻo me nā keʻokeʻo brownish. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ka wahine e waiho ai i nā hua, ʻo ke kāne ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuni no nā hola he nui i ʻimi ʻia. I ka ʻike ʻana a ka ʻaeto i ka mea i pio, ua wikiwiki koke ʻo ia iā ia me ka beak ikaika loa.
ʻO nā hulu o ka hau-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he mau kapa downy, he anu a ka ʻulaʻula. I nā hihia pinepine, make ka pēpē ʻōpio, hiki ʻole ke kū i ka hoʻokūkū me nā kaikuaʻana. I ka hebedoma mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomanahana ka wahine a pale i nā kahu pale ʻole. Ma hope o kahi o 9-11 wiki, e hoʻomaka ana nā moa i waho o ka pūnana, akā no ka manawa lōʻihi mau ka hoʻomau e noho kokoke i ko lākou mau mākua.
Puke ʻula
I kēia manawa, loaʻa pinepine loa ia e ʻike i ka hui kūpono o nā kūlana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā moa moa i ka kanu kanu a me nā mea e pono ai nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides, ahi, deforestation, poachers - āpau me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka nui o nā kanaka o kēia ʻano. Hana ʻia nā holoholona kālai ʻia mai kēia mau manu, a he pānaʻi nani hoʻi kēia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻaeto ma ke kākāʻāina o ka Baikal National Park. Loaʻa ia ma ka Red Book o Russia a me IUCN. Kāhea ʻia nā manu a me nā ʻā ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi
Loaʻa i ka ʻaeto kanu kanu ʻia i kahi inoa inoa maikaʻi ʻole no ka mea ola o kona ʻano a i ʻole ke ola ʻana, ua kapa ʻia e nā poʻe maoli maoli e aʻo i ke ʻano o nā Urals ma ka hopena o ka 19 kenekulia. Ua hele lāua ma waena o nā manu e noho ana i luna o nā lāʻau kokoke kokoke i nā mausoleums pōhaku. I kēia manawa, ke hāʻawi nei kekahi mau loea e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi inoa ʻoluʻolu aʻe. No ka hoʻohālike, ka imperial. Ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa ka inoa o kēia mau manu manuahi a nani.
Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaeto kanu i kekahi o nā manu ikaika loa ma ka honua. Hoonani ʻia kā lākou ʻano hōʻaia a me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻāina he nui.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ʻano maʻamau, e like me ke kino o ka mea i make ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻaeto e ʻai ʻia. No ka mea ua manaʻo ka poʻe i ka ʻuhane o ka mea i make, aia i loko o ka ate a ke ʻai a ke manu, e komo i loko o ka aeto a hoʻomau i kona ola ʻana. ʻO ka ʻaeto hōʻailona hōʻailona i ka naʻauao, ka wiwo ʻole a me ka ʻike.
Kapa nui ma ka home
Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e kūʻai i ka ʻaeto, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moa, no ka mea ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka pākeke i ke kūʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike i ke ola i ke pio ʻana. I mea e ulu ai ka huki i ke olakino a ikaika hoʻi, pono e hānai pono ʻia.
E makemake ana ka nahele kanu kanu i ka ʻai manu, koe wale nō no ka puaʻa. I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka moa e lele, pono ʻoe e hana me ia no hoʻokahi hola i ka lā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi ʻaeto hale i loko o ka nahele, no ka mea e make ia.
ʻO ka manu he manu haʻaheo, hanohano a hanohano. Hōʻike ʻia ia ma ke kaʻe o nā lima o St. Petersburg e kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika a me ka nui o ke kūlanakauhale.