Ma ka hoʻokuʻa ʻana i ka male a me ka hoki, ua loaʻa i kahi subspecies hou o nā holoholona, ka mule. Mai ka inoa i ka ʻōlelo kahiko, ka wā i kapa ʻia ai ka huaʻōlelo "mule" i kekahi mau holoholona, i kapa ʻia kēia mau māla. Ka poʻe nui ka hilahila i ka kiʻi me ka holoholona, kahi i huli ai i ka hopena o ke komo ʻana i ka hoki a me kahi lio, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka pū.
I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā mules i nā pāʻani pīkoi; e hele pinepine lākou i ka holo lio. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mules ma mua o nā hinnies. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau mea na ka kāne maoli, nā ʻolua a me nā hinnies, he lua ʻole, no ka mea he nui kēia mau holoholona i like me nā chromosomes, he 62 nā lio, a he 64 nā lio.
ʻO keʻano
Kūkulu i kahi mule - ka hui pū ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā hoki na nā hoki, nā mākua. ʻO nā legalewa o ka hoki ka wāwae a me ke poʻo, a me ka ʻāʻī hoʻi. ʻAʻole maopopo nā pepeiao o ka hoki ma mua o nā hoki na ka hoki, akā ua lōʻihi aku lākou, a ua like hoʻi ko lākou ʻano me ka lio. ʻO ka holoholona nō he mane, he bang a a me ka huelo, no ka mea e like me ka lio. ʻO ke kani e hana ai ka mule he mea kaʻahele ma waena o ka hiʻi ʻana o ka hoki a me kahi lio hoʻi e kani ai. He like ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala, maʻamau no nā hoki ʻelua a me nā lio.
Loaʻa a maikaʻi ʻole
Pau wale ka hantepili o ka hua he pa. Aia kekahi lio, hana kiʻi a me nā pakuhi, ka mea i kau i ka mākaukau nui o kāna noi a me ka hoʻokō. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻatikala i nā hinnies, ʻo ia nā hua o nā pā a me nā hoki. Aia kekahi mau lāhui kūikawā e komo ai ka mules.
ʻO ke kaupaona a me ke kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka paona o ka mule e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kaumaha o kona makuahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo o ka mule harness he 1.1-1.6 mau mika. ʻO nā paona mai 300 a 600 kg. ʻOi ka pahu mule ma mua o kahi pahu mola. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona hihiu mai 110 ka 140 cm, ke kaumaha ʻo 300-400 kg.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana
Kili maikaʻi ka mōʻī a ʻeke ʻole i ka meaʻai. He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e pili ana i nā meaʻai a pau. ʻO kāna mea moʻokāki a me ka hemahema o ka papa meaʻai ʻo ia kekahi o nā pono nui o ka moʻomeheu i ka hoʻoulu a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hale ma ke ʻano he hana hana.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
He paʻakikī ke kapa i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua e pili ana i ka hāʻule ma ka 480 BC. ʻO ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ka mola e Herodotus i loko o kahi palapala no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o King Xerxes ma Helene. I mea e hānai ai i kahi holoholona hou o nā holoholona, zoologists a me nā mea huki i holo i nā lio a me nā hoki o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻepekema a me nā noiʻi e ʻōlelo nei me ka hilinaʻi nui o ka mōʻaukala o ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi. I ka 1938, ʻo ka nui o kēia mau holoholona he 15 miliona mau holoholona. He nui nā mea ponoʻole a lākou i ʻae ʻole ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lākou me nā mea ʻole o ka hemahema. ʻO ka mea nui a me ka aneane wale nō ka huki manu ʻana, ʻo ia ka maʻi infertility. Ua hele mai ka genetics i ka hopena o ke kumu no kēia hanana he set chromosome kikoʻī. 32 ʻelua mau chromosomes i hoʻoilina mai ka mules, aʻo ka 31 i hāʻawi i nā chromosome mai ka hoki. I ka huakaʻi, ua loaʻa aku kahi papa hana ʻole.
Wikiō: Mule
Ma kēia mea, hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema e hoʻopili i kēia holoholona. I ka makahiki 2003, ua pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka mola a kapa ʻia ʻo Jim. No ka manawa mua ma nā helu he nui, hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomake ʻana i nā mules ma ʻAmelika i ka huakaʻi o George Washington. Loaʻa koke ka poʻe i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi: hoʻomanawanui, kū mālie, hoʻoikaika. Ma hope o kēlā, lawe ʻia ʻia nā holoholona i kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Hema a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, a pēlā aku. Hōʻike nā hōʻike moʻolelo e pili ana kēia mau holoholona i mea e hoʻonohonoho pono i nā hoʻokūkū knight ma ʻEleopa makahiki. Hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā naita i ka mea kaua ikaika no ka manawa lōʻihi.
He hōʻike ma nā 1495, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Christopher Columbus i nā mules ma kona papa ʻāina. ʻO ia iho i lawe mai i nā holoholona āna i ʻaʻo ai iā Cuba a me Mexico. Mai ia manawa, hana ʻia nā wahine e holo, a hoʻohana ʻia nā kāne e halihali i nā ukana kaumaha.
ʻAno lawehala
Wahi a ka hana i hana ʻia ma ke kīhāpai, ʻelua ʻano mau mules ka ʻona: pack and harness. ʻO ka ʻoki kino ʻana o kahi holoholona he 18-20% o kāna ʻano. ʻO ka maʻa mau a ke ʻano o ka mules male kāne ma nā makahiki 1,5-2 mau makahiki. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e hana mai 2 mau makahiki, a hoʻomaka mai ka makahiki 4 mau makahiki e hana ikaika ana. Wahi a nā hana e mālama ai, ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā holoholona ʻōpio i loko o ka male mule ʻoi ka like me ka hoʻoulu lio.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻi kiʻi: Animal Mule
I waho, he mau hiʻohiʻona nā mules i nā lio a me nā hoki. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kumukānāwai a me ke kino mai ka lio, a me ke ʻano o ke poʻo, ʻaʻole nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, a ua hoʻoili ʻia ka ʻāʻī i ka hoki. Lohi nā pepeiao a lōʻihi aku ia ma mua o nā hoki o nā hoki, aia ke ʻano o ka lio. ʻO nā hōʻailona lio ʻokoʻa ka ʻike ʻana i kahi bang, mane a me ka huelo. He koho ʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe nā holoholona.
Ke kūpaʻa pololei nei ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ke kaumaha o ke kino. Hoʻoholo ʻia hoʻi ka ʻoni a me ka ʻāpana e nā hiʻohiʻona o ka makuahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākeke ma ka maloʻo ka ʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi a i ka hapa mika. He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke kaumaha o ke kino, hiki ke kaupaona i ka pae mai 280 a 650 kilograms. I ka nui o nā hihia, he nui loa ka nui o ka nui o ka mu me ka nui o ka makua. I ka nānā ʻana, i mea e loaʻa ai kahi hua olakino a ikaika hoʻi, koho nā puahele i nā mākaʻikaʻi kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi loa o nā mākaʻi o nā ʻoihana.
Hāʻawi kēia mau holoholona i ka sex dimorphism. Kahi na wahine i ka nui o ke kino ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāʻanaka e ka neʻe ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano mau i nā kānaka āpau, me ka manaʻo ʻole o nā mākua.
- poʻo nui
- maka maka almond
- maloʻo a pōkole
- he laina kūpono, maopopo i ka hope,
- pōkole i nā pōkole
- ʻākau, kūpono i ka ʻāʻī
- puʻupuʻu, pōkole nā lima me nā hoongʻu elongated kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka mule?
Kuhi: Mule liʻiliʻi
E hoʻomāhele ʻia nā ʻula ma ka ʻAmelika Hema. Eia kekahi, ʻike maʻamau lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka honua.
ʻO nā wahi ʻenehana o ka mule
- Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā'āina o Āsia
- Koria
- Transcarpathia,
- ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa,
- ʻApika
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
- ʻAmelika Hema
I kēia manawa, ua hana maikaʻi nā mules i nā wahi i hoʻoikaika ʻia ai nā kānaka e hana me nā hana hoʻoikaika kino. ʻO kā lākou mākaʻikaʻi, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻike ʻole i nā kūlana o ka paʻa ʻana i ke koi ʻana i ka wā e halihali ana i nā ukana ma nā kuahiwi a i nā wahi hiki ʻole. ʻO kahi mea hōʻemi ke loaʻa ʻole o ka pono e pono i nā kāmaʻa kāmaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hele maʻalahi i ka ua, ʻōpala, a me kahi ala hau.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mules i nā ʻāina ʻo Āsia, a ma loko hoʻi o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, kahi e pono ai e neʻe i nā mea kaua. I ka lā kahiko, me ka kōkua o kēia mau holoholona, ua lawe ʻia ka mea hōʻeha mai ke kahua kaua, a me nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ka Zoologists i nā mules kūpono loa i nā kūlana o ka paʻa. Inā lawa ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i ke anuanu, ka hau a me ke anuanu. Hoʻohana maʻalahi nā holoholona i kā lākou mea nona, inā mālama pono lākou iā lākou.
Loaʻa a me nā ponoʻole
He ola lōʻihi ka mule ma mua o nā lio (hiki i ka 40 mau makahiki), ʻaʻole i hiki ke pilikia i nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻaʻole pono e hānai a waihī. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā lio, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mules. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā ukana nui iā lākou iho. ʻO ka mea wale i ka maʻa mau i ka hiki ke pale i nā kuʻuna kiʻekiʻe. Akā hana maikaʻi kā lākou kiʻekiʻe a me ka unpretentiousness. He kupanaha nō hoʻi ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa a mule no ka mule, akā inā palupalu ka mule, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hana. Inā hiki i ka lio ke hana a pau i ka nahu, a laila no ka mule o ia ʻano, ʻaʻole like ia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka holoholona e ke ʻano hoʻomohala; ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka hana ʻino. Me ka mea nona, ka mālama mau a ka mōʻī me ka mākaukau e hana iā ia i nā mea a pau e pono ai ka holoholona, a hiki ke hana.
He aha kā ka mule eʻai ai?
Kuhi: Mule ma ke ʻano
I ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā waihona meaʻai, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia nā mōʻī i kā lākou mea nona. Ua hoʻohālikelike nā holoholona holoholona holoholona i nā kumukūʻai no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai no nā lio a me nā mules a hiki i ka hopena ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hānai aku i nā mules. No ka ulu nui o ka iwi, pono nā holoholona e ʻai i ka mea e nui ai ka ʻike o ka protein.
He aha ka mea e mālama ai i nā meaʻai no nā mules:
- bran
- haehae
- bean
- nā lau momona hou - kāloti, palaoa,
- apana
- nā kamaliʻi - oats,
- greens.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka moʻo ka hui pū ʻia o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻelua, ua like nā mea like me ka lio a me ka hoki. ʻO ka mahele nui o ka meaʻai, he mauʻu iki, a he mauʻu maloʻo hoʻi. Pili ka helu i kēlā me kēia lā i ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka mule. Pono kekahi holoholona holoholona e pili ana i 5-7 kilokilo o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me ka 3-4 kilokikeka o ka hānai mau lā i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā ʻaʻohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ʻoe iho, a hoʻohuli maoli iā ia me nā ʻai momona - nā ʻuala, kāloti, ka palaoa, nā lau hou.
ʻO ka papaʻaina o kahi mule liʻiliʻi e komo pū meʻehā ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻane i koho ʻia, kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi. Ke ulu o ia nei, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kāna meaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā lau, a me ka pāpaʻi mākaukau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hoʻi kiʻi: Animal Mule
Nui nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pono i ke ʻano a me nā ʻano pono o ka hana mule. He mālie lākou, hoʻāla a ulu nā holoholona. Me ka ukana kaumaha a i ʻole ka mea hele i ke kaʻa piha piha, hiki i kahi mamao loa ke hele i ka wikiwiki o 5-8 mau hola i hoʻokahi hola. He pono ʻole kēia kaha i ke kuahiwi a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā alanui, a me kēlā mau wahi i mamao aʻe o nā alanui maikaʻi a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. He mea maʻamau no nā moʻaleʻa e hana i kekahi mau leo, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoki a me nā hoalauna lio.
ʻAʻole kūpaʻa nā mule i nā mea hoʻoikaika kino koʻikoʻi, akā hoʻoulu i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki loa. Hiki i kekahi mea hou aku ke kapa ʻia he pale nui a ikaika loa i nā maʻi like ʻole. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ke ola maʻamau o kekahi mau kānaka he hiki i 60-65 mau makahiki. Akā, he mea kūpono hoʻi ke mālama pono nei lākou i ka hana no nā makahiki 30.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka holoholona:
- ʻoihana kūlana kiʻekiʻe
- ʻaeʻae
- hopohopo ole i ke ano o ka paa ana,
- olakino maikaʻi loa
- hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a make ʻole nā hopena.
- haʻahaʻa a mālama hoʻi.
ʻOiai he mea kūpono ʻole nā holoholona i mālama a no ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi kūlana kūikawā, pono lākou i ka lawelawe ʻoluʻolu a me ka mālama. ʻAʻole nā holoholona i mālama i ka mālama, nāʻaihua a me ka hana ʻino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā holoholona no ka mālama ʻana mai ka wā ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaka i nā hana mules no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino i ka makahiki 3-3.5 mau makahiki. I hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, e loli nui lākou a mākaukau no ka hana paʻakikī.
Hoʻohana ākea nā papa i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā haʻuki. Me ko lākou komo pū ʻana, hoʻolālā lākou i ka nui o nā hoʻokūkū. ʻO ke kāhea wale nō ka mea hiki ʻole i ka haku ke holo me ka mau pilikia e pili ana i ka lele ʻana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā mea nui e loaʻa paha iā 10-13 kilogrami o ka mauʻu, ka mea kanu, ka hānai kaulike. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā holoholona makuaō e hāʻawi i nā waʻa.
I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mōlia a me ka pū. E nānā pehea e ʻano ai kēia mau holoholona paʻakikī.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hoʻi kiʻi: Mule Cub
ʻO ka ʻōpio nui loa a koʻikoʻi loa ka lewa mules. Nui ʻia lākou e ka mākaʻi ʻana i nā hoki a me nā lio. Ua hānau keiki kāne nā kāne a pau ʻole koe. Loaʻa nā wahine ma kahi o 80-85% ʻaʻole hiki i nā procreation. Ua wehewehe ʻo Zoologists i nā hihia i hala ʻia ʻo nā kiʻi wahine me nā hoki o nā kāne. Ua wehewehe ʻo ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻepekema i ka wā i kahi wahine hine wahine, ma hope o ka moe ʻana me ka hoki, hānau ʻo ia i kahi pā mauʻu. Ua kū ʻia ma Kina.
ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki o ka hua hānau a me ka hānau ʻana o ka hua e wehewehe ʻia ma kahi ʻano o nā chromosome kikoʻī. Ma ka huina holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mōʻaukala o ke ola o nā holoholona he 15 mau hihia i ka wā i hānau ai nā wahine i keiki.
He mea kupaianaha: hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke loaʻa i nā wahine wahine wahine i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā makuahine a hānai huaʻi a hānau keiki. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kūpono e loaʻa ai nā hua mai nā poʻe o nā moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi.
Mamuli o ka wā i male ai ke kāne mai ka hānau ʻana, ua kaʻi ʻia ʻo lākou i ke ʻano o nā makahiki ʻelua. Ke koi nei i nā mea hou keiki hou, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi ʻike kūikawā a me nā mākaukau. Hoʻohālikelike nā lula no ka mālama ʻana i kahi mau keiki hou i kēlā mau ʻīlio. Akā, aia kekahi pahu. Ua nani loa nā kerub i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No laila, i ka wehe ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, pono e mālama i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe.
I ka wā anuanu, pono lākou e mālama i nā waihona i hoʻohui ʻia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hola 3-3.5 i kēlā me kēia lā no kahi huakaʻi ma nā wahi ākea. I ke kauwela, i ka wā mahana, pono nā keiki e hoʻopau i ka manawa e like me ka mea ma nā kīleʻa. Pono ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona mai ka wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka awelika ola o ke ola he 30-40 mau makahiki. Me ka mālama maikaʻi, hiki i ke ola ke piʻi aʻe i ka 50-60 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole noho nā mākeke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i mau mea no ka hānai manu. Loaʻa nā ikaika o nā holoholona, no laila ʻaʻole pili lākou i kekahi maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō kekahi mau pilikia. Ma muli o kahi achondroplasia, e hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona hānau hou. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka patology he muzzle pōkole, nā wāwae liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ke kino e ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole aneane ʻeha loa nā holoholona i nā pathologies o ka ʻeha gastrointestinal, nā maʻi o nā ʻoi loa, nā hooves, a i ʻole nā maʻi maʻi.
Eia kekahi i kahi achondroplasia, maʻi nui ʻia nā holoholona mai nā ala:
- maʻi hōʻeha. ʻO ka mea kumu kumu o kēia ala pili ka trypanosome. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi ka nānā ʻana o nā pāla i ke kino, ke kahakaha o nā ʻanoʻano. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, loaʻa ka lolo i ke kua o ke kino.
- nā kukui ʻala ʻO kahi maʻi e hoʻoiho ʻia e nā maʻi maʻamau. I kahi hihia o kāna maʻi, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā holoholona ma muli o ka pilikia nui i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
- liiphangitis epizootic. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia maʻi e ka cryptococcus.
Me kahi meaʻai ʻole kūpono, hoʻowalewale nā holoholona mai nā hemahema o ka vitamina, ma muli o ka hōʻemi i ka hana hana, hiki ke hāʻule ka lauoho.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka lawelawe Mule ma nā ʻāina ʻehā o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika. I nā makahiki ʻumikūono o kēia kenekulia, ʻo ka nui o nā mules he 13,000,000 mau mea. Ma mua o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua ulu aʻe ia e kekahi 1.000,000. I kēia lā, ua kokoke ka 16000,000 kanaka.
I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻohe pono o nā holoholona, no ka mea, i nā ʻāina he nui i hoʻololi ʻia ka mana o nā holoholona e nā polokalamu loea a me nā kaʻa.I kēia manawa, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia ʻaʻole lākou e kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana, akā no ka komo ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki. Ma ʻAmelika, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ma luna o nā pāla pilikino e like me nā mea kōkua aloha e ʻike nui ʻia. Nā holoholona i manaʻo ai i ka mālama ʻana o ko lākou haku, e uku pono iā ia a me ka hoʻolohe. ʻAʻole makaʻu lākou i nā leo leo nui; e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka ahonui a me ka mālie.
Kiʻi - He holoholona mālie maikaʻi kēia, ʻoluʻolu a me ka hana nui. Ua hoʻoili ʻia lākou e ke ʻano me ka pale ole. ʻO ke kanaka e lilo i haku o ke kaohi, pono ke ahonui a mālama. I kēia hihia, e hōʻoia hou ka holoholona, hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka ʻoluʻolu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā mea nona ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻolohe i nā noi a me nā makemake o ka mea nona. ʻAʻole kēlā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka mōʻī, akā e pili ana i ka hewa ʻole, ka hewa hala ʻole o ka mea nona ka pili ʻana i ka holoholona. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e nānā i kāu ʻano a me kāu ʻano aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mule.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mule
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mule ma kāna mau hiʻohiʻona o ka puka ʻana o nā hōʻailona a pau mai nā mākua ʻelua. Mai kahi hoki, ʻo ia kahi holoholona, e like me ke kānāwai, e lawe i kona poʻo a me nā ʻūhā. Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā mules i ka ʻāʻī maikaʻi curved mai nā lio. He keu kūʻokoʻa ia ʻo ka moi a ka mōʻī mai loko hoʻi o ka puaʻa ʻA Arabia e loaʻa iā ia ka lei. He ʻano hui like ʻole ko ka lauoho, ua hoʻoili i nā holoholona nā mane maloʻo a ʻoi hoʻi ka huelo a me nā ʻume mai nā kūpuna o nā lio.
Akā e pili ana i ke kala, pili ia i ke ʻano, no ka mea, hiki i ka mule ke lawe i ke kala o kahi lio a i ʻole nā kala o kahi hoki. Inā komo kekahi lio ʻōiwi i ka moe ʻana o ka hoki, ʻaʻole mau ka mule ka mea e lawe wale i ka pegasus a ka makuahine. ʻAʻole hiki ke wānana mua i nā ʻāpana me nā hapa o ka moʻo, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke lilo. Hiki i nā mules liʻiliʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a 90 cm, akā he nui kekahi.
He paʻakikī ʻo ka helehelena o ka mule e wānana, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kahua o nā mākua ʻelua. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hānau mulle i hānau ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea hana i hana ʻia. Ke hoʻomaka maikaʻi nei nā holoholona, mai ka hala o nā makahiki ʻelua ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana ʻia e hana.
ʻĀnohi a me ke ʻano
Me ka leʻaleʻa o nā mea aloha holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻoilina ka mō'ī i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana me nā lula ʻole mai nā hoki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua loli lākou, e like me nā lio. I ka manawa mua, hiki i kahi mule ke hōʻike iā ia iho he holoholona luhi. ʻO kēia, mālama kēia mau holoholona i kā lākou palekana, pale iā lākou iho i nā pōʻino. Inā he mau palena ʻole nā lio, a hiki iā lākou ke hana a nalowale loa i ko lākou ikaika hope loa, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano i like me ka moles. I nā hihia maʻamau, hoʻomau kēia mau holoholona, akā aia kekahi mau kumu maikaʻi no kēia.
ʻO ke kumu no kēia ʻanoʻano lohi a hōʻino paha ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea nona ka haku, ʻaʻole e ʻae nā mules i ka pili ʻana iā lākou iho. Inā hōʻike ka mea nona ka mālama a aloha iā ia, e mālama ʻo ia i nā mea a pau a ka mea e makemake ai, akāʻo ka mea wale nō e hiki ai iā ia ke hana.
Hāʻawi ka makuahine mare i kāna hua me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana, me nā hiʻona. Hāʻawi ka poʻe nunoa i kā lākou hua pua me ka hoʻomanawanui, a ʻo ka pilikia ʻole.
Pehea nā kūmole
ʻO ka ʻike mua o ka mules i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻAmelika, ke kūpuna o ia manaʻo a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā holoholona kūikawā hou ʻo George Washington. Ma lalo o kona alakaʻi ʻana ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā poʻe loea i nā hoki me nā mares, a ma hope ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā mehe e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hana a pau no nā holoholona holoholona. Ua hōʻike koke nā mō'ī mua mua i ko lākou ʻoluʻolu loa ma mua o nā lio a me ka mea hoʻi, e hōʻike ana i ke kaohi a me ka mālie.
Eia naʻe, huikau kekahi mau holoholona i ka poʻe me ka hikiʻole ke hoʻohula maoli i ka naʻala. ʻAʻole kū i ka ʻepekema a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila hoʻomaka ka mōʻī i nā pua. I ka makahiki 2003, ua puka mua ke kiʻi mule ma ke Kulanui o Idaho, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia ka inoa ʻo Idaho Jim.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kūlana no ka mālama ʻana i nā mules i kēlā mau lio. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua lilo ko kēia mahiʻai mule i mea kaulana i nā ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika, a me ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa. Ua ʻōlelo ka mōʻaukala mōhiko nui i ka wā kūleʻa nui mau mules ma ʻElima no ke kaua hakakā. Hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke kū lōʻihi i ka holo ʻana i ka naita i ka mea kaua ikaika.
Ma waho aʻe o ke chivalry, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mules i ka holo lio, ka hanohano a me nā mākaʻi e kau ana ma luna o nā poʻe maikaʻi loa. A ʻo Christopher Columbus kaulana hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAmelika, me kāna hana ponoʻī i hoʻopili ʻia i nā mules ma 1495 ma ka papa ʻāina. Lawe ʻia ʻo nā mōʻīki iā ia ma hope o kekahi manawa ma Mexico, i nā kai o Cuba. Mai ia manawa, lilo nā wahine i holoholona no ka holo ʻana, a lawe ʻia nā kāne i nā wahi kaumaha.
Ua lilo kēia mau holoholona i mea nui i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke kala, ia mau lā ka nui o nā mules i ka ʻāina Sepania. Akā ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mules ua lilo i Catalonia a me Andalusia. Ua lawe ʻia nā holoholona a hiki i ka makahiki 1813, a ua hāʻawi ka mule ʻeleʻele iā George Washington i ka makahiki 1785 i lilo i kupuna no nā mules ma ʻAmelika.
No ke aha lā pāpaʻu mules
ʻO ka ʻoiʻo kahi paʻa maikaʻi loa ka holoholona kīleʻa, ʻaʻohe hiki ke hoʻoulu, ʻike ʻia e ka ʻelua a ʻo ka ʻepekema. A, ʻoiai, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ke kanaka me ke ʻano me kona ikaika a pau a hana i ka holoholona ʻokoʻa me kona ikaika. Nui nā kumu, no ka laʻana, ola nā mules i 60 mau makahiki a ua nui nā manawa e ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ikaika ma mua o nā lio.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mōʻaukala i nā hihia kaʻawale i ka wā i hāʻawi ai kahi mulice. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole nā ala āpau i nā hua hānau. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi e ka ʻepekema. A ʻo ke kumu no kēia ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā chromosome, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. Inā hiki i ka makua kāne o ka hoki ka haʻaheo wale nō i nā chromosome 62, a laila ʻo ka makuahine o ka mare he 64. Wahi a ka biology, i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka moʻomeheu, pono i kahi kanaka ke loaʻa kahi nui o nā chromosome e hana i nā hoʻonohonoho paahana. A ʻo ka mule he 63, no laila ʻo ka helu i uku ʻole ʻia ke lilo i paʻu nui e hoʻohiki ai i ka hua. Akā no nā hana o nā ʻepekema, ua hoʻohālikelike nui nā mules mai ka 2003, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā miliona miliona ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mu
Aia i ka manawa o ka triennium, hoʻomaka nā mea kuʻekuʻe e hana. Akā e mākaukau kekahi kanaka no ka hana paʻakikī, e hoʻomaka wale ana mai ka 4 makahiki. I kēia hihia, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hānai i ka holoholona wale nō ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa a e like me nā ʻōlelo a nā loina. Mai ka wā kahiko, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mules ma ke gula, ʻoiai ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā lio, e mālie a hōʻike i nā hōʻailona hōʻike nui.
Ke hoʻomaopopo, hoʻokahi pākeke mule me ka ukana o 130 kg i kēlā me kēia hola e holo nei no kahi 5 km ʻaʻole hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha paha. Inā ʻoe e kanikau i kēlā holoholona, e hala ia ma kahi o 8 km mau hola. Hiki ke lilo i nā palapala āpau e lilo i wahi lawaiʻa e like me ka halihali ma nā wahi kuahiwi a me nā kūlana ʻino. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa ka mule mai ka lio i ia mea he pono ʻole ia e kala.
Ua hoʻokō nā ʻoihana i ka waiwai nui i ka mahi ʻana i ka mahiʻai kāʻei ʻili. Ma o kā lākou hoʻoikaika ʻana, lawe ʻia nā pūʻali koa i nā mea kaua a lawe ʻia hoʻi i nā mea hōʻeha mai ke kahua kaua. ʻO kahi wahi nāwaliwali hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i kekahi lio ʻo ia ka hiki ʻole ke lanakila i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia aku kekahi mea hana honu i hōʻike i ka hopena o ka ikaika nui.
Nā papa pule i kēia lā
Eia nō naʻe, ua nalowale ke ʻano o kēia ʻano i ka pono a me ka kaulana o nā holoholona e like me ka mules. ʻAʻole naʻe ka poʻe i manaʻo hopohopo pehea ka holoholona priceless hybr i loko o ka ʻepekema a me ke ola kanaka. Ma muli o ke kumu o ka hana lima ʻana i ka limahana lima, ua hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana hou i ke ola a me nā hana a nā kānaka, ua hāʻule nui ka pono a me ka pono o nā mules.
Hōʻike ka helu o nā holoholona i nā helu helu hoihoi - ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā holoholona. No ka mea ʻaʻohe pono o ka ʻoihana no ka mules i kēia mau lā, loaʻa pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea mālama mule a me nā ʻāina ʻoi.