Nā pōkole liʻiliʻi ma ka haleʻO Kestrel maʻamau kahi mea wānana maʻamau. ʻO kāna keikikāne hānau ʻia "Kli-Kli-Kli-Kli" i lohe ʻia i ka pūnāwai ma ke kihi o ka nahele. ʻO kahi kestrel mākou e ʻike pinepine ai i luna o ke kahua e lele ana ma kahi hoʻokahi, me he mea lā e pohō ana i kahi kaula ʻike ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ka manu me ka manu nunu. He nani ia i ka pena ʻia ma nā kala ʻulaʻula, maikaʻi nā kāne. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū mai ka pūnana i ka pio a lilo i mea pono ʻole.

ʻO Kestrel kekahi o kā mākou manu e pono ai. ʻO kā mākou mau mea kulani, lawe ʻia e nā pipi mai ka mokuʻo Stalingrad, ua hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻia he mau manu ʻoliʻoli a nani hoʻi. Ua hānai mākou iā lākou i ka ʻai. ʻAkahi maoli lākou i ʻai ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kāne. I ka wā e ulu ai nā pipi, noho pū lāua me kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio makemake nui i ke pāʻani. I waena o nā hoʻopukapuka he ʻōpala lāʻau. I ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻomaka ka kestrels i kahi o ka peʻe a ʻimi. Ua hūnā kekahi ma hope ona, e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻili, a nānā aku ana. ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohiki e ʻimi ana i kāna hoaaloha. Iaia koke koke mai la no iaia: he alahao a he brawl ka hoomaka ana. I kekahi manawa ua hilahila kahi pāʻani i kekahi o nā manu a haʻalele ka mea ʻai iā ia, ʻoiai ua hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o ka leʻaleʻa: hopu i kahi keli ahi a lele ʻole ʻia ma ka papa aviary, hoʻolei ʻia i ka lewa, a hoʻāʻo e hopu me kāna ʻūlau. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea me nā ʻano heʻe kupaianaha a lele i ka manu. Lawe ʻia ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻohālike, lawe ʻia kekahi manu ʻalemena no ka pāʻani like ʻole. Ua kaha pū lāua me ka huhū. A, ʻoi aku, i kēia mau manawa kike the kestrels like like me ke pāʻani ʻana i nā kutiki ma mua o nā manu. Loaʻa iā ʻoe iho he kestrel, mai poina e lilo kēia o kā mākou manu manuʻai - rodent exterminator i loko o ka pā.

Ua mālama ʻia ʻo kahi kestrel Steppe e zoologist M.N. Kishkin. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi hale mai ke Kustanay ma ke ʻano he pipi liʻiliʻi. Hānai ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻai (pinepine ke keikihipa) a me nā mea nui he nui (ka nui o nā pīpī a me nā pōpoki). ʻO ka ʻai momona nui nā manu o ka euphorbiaceae, nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke ʻano o ka mea i luna, uaʻai a kestrel a ʻoi aku.

Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka ʻike maka ʻike ʻia e ka moʻolelo o ka mea nona kestrel. I kahi manawa manu, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lumi, i ʻike i kahi lele o Drosophila e holo ana ma ka papa ʻaina. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia pepeke ma mua o ka lele. Lele aku la ka kestrel a lele i ka lele me kona wāwae, a ʻoi paha, me nā manamana lima e hoʻopuʻi ana i ke kāmelo.

Ua makemake loa ʻo Kestrel i ka ʻauʻau i loko o kahi kīʻaha wai. I ka pilina. he mea ʻino maikaʻi kēia. Hele maila ke kākeke holoʻokoʻa piha loa e kipa i kona haku. Ke ʻike nei i ka ʻōlaʻi pōkā, lele koke ka manu ma luna o ke poʻo o ka mea hoʻokipa a hoʻomaka i ka puʻe a lulu i kona mau ʻēheu, e like me kāna hana ʻana ma ka ʻauʻau ʻana. He nui nā ʻano maʻamau o Kestrels. ʻO kekahi o nā mea leʻaleʻa ʻē loa, ua huki nā manu i nā penikala, nā peni, nā kuʻi mai kona mau lima a nānā ʻole lākou i ka lumi. Ua aihue ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i ʻaihue ʻia ma luna o kahi paʻu. Ua manaʻo ʻo MN Kishkin i ka kestrel he "barometer" maikaʻi loa. No 3-4 mau hola ma mua o ka loli o ke ʻano, ua lilo ʻo ia i ka ʻūlū: ua pani ʻia kona mau maka, hana ʻia a "ʻaukaha."

Noho akula kestrel i loko o ka noho pio ʻana, lele lele me ka lewa a puni ka lumi, he ʻehā makahiki. Hōʻailona nui ka manu a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi punahele honua. Ua make ʻo ia mai kahi kumu ʻole maoli - ʻai ʻo ia i ka momona ʻono, ʻo ia ke aloha nui loa. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi autopsy e hāʻule ka manu ma o ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū, ma loko o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi ʻoka.

ʻO Kobchik ka mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi loa a maikaʻi, a ʻoi paha, ʻo ka mea nui i kā mākou falcon. ʻO ka kāne ka slate-hina i ka kala me nā pao ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ke aniani wulu. ʻO ka wahine me nā umauma variegated, ʻeleʻele hina ma luna o ka ʻōpala, ua pena like ia i nā ʻōpio, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā. ʻAno hopu nā kāne i nā isika inā nui ka nui o lākou. Akā nā meaʻai nui a me ka maʻamau ka nui o nā iniseti. ʻO kēia mau kīlaha, he holo wikiwiki a wikiwiki hoʻi, hopu iā lākou i ka lewa a i ʻole peck (ʻūhū, nā ʻūlala) mai ka huhū o ka palaoa ma ka mahina ʻai, pololei ma ka lele. ʻO nā pālaha pālahalaha i ko mākou ʻāina, akā he nui wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. Maanei ʻaʻole lākou e hana ai i kā lākou hānai, akā e hoʻohana i nā wā kahiko, pinepine pinepine. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻololi nei nā pahie i ka hema ma nā honu no nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe: nā ʻukena waonahele a me nā wahi haʻalele, nā kestrels, a me nā mea hou aku i lawe aku ai i ʻelua mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ma Moscow mai nā ʻaoʻao o Ilovli (kahi o ka Don o ka Don), mai Stalingrad Region. Pono lākou no ka hana ma ke aʻo ʻana o ka lele. Eia kekahi, makemake wau e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i nā kula. Pēlā paha lākou e noho maanei.

I ka hale hoʻi manu i noho ai i noho i kahi nui o nā pika liʻiliʻi. Akā, ua koho wale ʻia nā pēpē - downy a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i ke kapa ʻana me ka hulu manu (ma hope ma hope, ua lilo ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hope).

Ua kau ʻia nā moa ma 3-4 i nā pahu lōʻihi lōʻihi me kahi poli kala ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻonoho iā lākou ʻaʻole ma ka ʻohana hoʻokahi, akā ma ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o nā falcons ka ʻiʻo maka, kahi a lākou ʻaʻole makemake loa eʻai. Hoʻokū wau iā lākou i kahi ʻupena no nā mea hihiu: ʻai lākou i nā ʻūlū me ka palano. Ua hoʻopakele mai nā sparrows iā mākou - ua hana mākou i kā lākou ʻike waiwai a ua wehe i nā pipi he nui, i kekahi mau lā - i hoʻokahi mau kenekulia. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe maopopo a kā mākou kāne kāne, I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia nā egghell hua i loko o ka ʻiʻo. ʻOiai ke kīleʻa like ʻole, ua ulu a ulu ko mākou manu. Ua hānai ʻoi iā mākou i ʻekolu mau lā i ka lā. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻōpio nui i nā pahu i noho ai lākou, no kahi huakaʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka manawa e holo ai, a laila lele. Pēlā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou aku lākou i nā poʻe, honi iā ​​lākou ma ka lima.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā kāne i ke kikowaena olakino Bolshevskaya. ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka halihali, ʻo ia, ka pōloli, kā nā ʻwā o nā puʻu he iwakālua gulps. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou e nā manu ʻē a mākou i holo ai. I ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ka hānai, hoʻomaka ka uē No ka mea mau i kekahi mau minuke, e mālama mākou i nā moa i loko o ka lumi wela o ke kaʻa. Mai ia wahi ʻaʻole lākou i lohe ʻia.

I ka Bolshevskaya Biostation, hele mai nā māka i ke ala ʻokoʻa loa. Ua hōʻea mākou mai ka huakaʻi i ka lā a me ka hola o ka hoʻonani ʻana o kona hoʻomanaʻo. Ua ʻoluʻolu nā manu a ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻohana iā lākou no kahi hoax liʻiliʻi. I ka pau ʻana o ka haʻi ʻana i kāna kamaʻilio, ke kau nei au i mua o ka papa manawaleʻa, ke kāʻei ʻia i ka pale ʻeleʻele, ma koʻu mau poʻohiwi, ke poʻo a me nā lima - ma nā wahi āpau ma laila. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka walaʻau i kū i ka papaʻaina. Akā ke kīnā ʻole i nā kāne - ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe kekahi o lākou, hoʻomaka ka pāʻani me kahi hoa noho a hoʻāʻo e hopu i ka beak, ke kolu o ka mea ka mua, ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kahi mea nui ma luna o ka papa ʻaina, leleʻi i lalo, kikeke ma luna o kahi haki waina, wāwahi a pānaʻi. hopohopo, hoʻi akula ʻo ia i kona poʻohiwi. ʻO ka hui holoʻokoʻa, kahi a me nā kīkiki ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pūʻali koa i kūkulu ʻia i loko o kahi nui.

ʻO kā mākou manu, ʻaʻohe kānalua, ʻokoʻa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wahine nāna i lawe i ka meaʻai a ua lōʻihi pū me lākou no kekahi manawa. ʻO kekahi o nā palahikaha liʻiliʻi, i ka manawa hoʻoilo, ke noho nei ma kona hale, he mea ʻole o ka poʻe āpau i komo i loko o ka lumi, ʻoiai nāna ia i ʻai i kā lākou. Akā ʻo ka hele ʻana aku o ka hale hoʻokipa i ka home mai ka hana, ua loli ka manu, lele a lele. Noho wau ma kona poʻohiwi a hōʻike i ka hauʻoli me kāna mau ʻano a pau: uē ʻo ia, ʻā kaomi iā ia ma kona pāpālina. Noho ka noho ma luna o ka poʻohiwi o nā wahine no nā hola, e holo pū ana me ia mai kēlā lumi kēia lumi. ʻO Kobchikov e noho ana i ka hale olakino, hoʻokuʻu pinepine iā ia no kahi hele. Holo maikaʻi lākou a lele maila i ka uila ma kahi o ka hale, akā mauʻuʻeke a hele ʻole lākou mai ka biostation. Ia manawa hele pū kekahi poʻe makaʻu makaʻu mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke kauhale. Lele aku ʻo ia i ka lei o kahi lāʻau ma luna o ka lawaiʻa a peʻe ma laila: ua ʻānai ʻo ia i kohola nui. ʻAno ʻē loa ke ʻano o nā kāne kāne i ka wā o lākou i lele ai, e hoʻi ana i ka home no ka pāʻina. Noho ʻia nā manu ma nā lāʻau kokoke i ka poʻe aviary a hoʻomaka i ka uaka - e noi ana i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole makemake lākou e lele i lalo, inā ʻo ka hōʻike iā lākou i nā mea momona maikaʻi loa mai ka honua. He mea pono iaʻu e hou i kahi o ka lāʻau a piʻi no kēlā me kēia pua. Ma luna, ua lele koke ʻo ia mai ke alo a kahi poʻo a ke kanaka, ua iho pū ʻo ia me ka lepo a me ka puhaka i kaʻai.

ʻO nā pīpī pio pio nui ko lākou punahele punahele no nā pio pio, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kele e ʻai ʻole ʻia ai, ʻaʻohe ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Lawe ʻo Kobchik i ka haki i loko o ke kāmela "me ka ʻole o ka leʻa, lawe ʻia i ka beak a ʻauheʻe mua i kona poʻo, a laila ʻo elytra a me nā ʻēheu. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka manu e ʻū i ka ʻikepili mai loko a i loko o hoʻokahi mau minuke, e like me ka pūleo kaawale, kahi chitin hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia. Lawe ka pākahi i kekahi meaʻai i loko o ke kāmela, a hana kēia i ke kaʻina hana e hānai ai.

Ua hiki mai ka hopena. Ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau ʻīlio kino i Moscow, i ka ʻoihana, e hoʻomau i ka hana me lākou, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau poʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua manuahi lākou, ua hoʻokuʻu wale lākou iā lākou hānai. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua lele ka mares liʻiliʻi i ka hale. Kāhea lākou, kāhea nā kānaka, e noho ana ma ka puka aniani a pākē ʻia me ke aniani me kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu, e ʻimi ana e komo i loko o ka lumi, i hoʻomaikaʻi maoli lākou i ke kauwela akā ua wehe nui nā puka makani. Ua kipa aku nā ʻīlio iā mākou i ka liʻiliʻi a ua emi, a nalo. ʻIke wale mākou i ka hopena o kekahi o lākou - ua pana ʻia kekahi mau “hunter” iā ia (helu helu iā ia he koikoi!).

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻīlio

ʻO Kobchik kahi ʻano kaʻawale i ka ʻohana falcon, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hūnā pinepine ai ka falope a me ka kestrel. ʻAno like nā kala a me ke kala like. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka laulā wale nō. He ʻokoʻa loa ʻo Kobchik i kona mau hoahānau, ma ke kino a me nā ʻāpana.

He hoihoi! Ua loaʻa i kēia manu ka inoa ʻo "kobchik" mai nā huaʻōlelo Lūkini kahiko "kobets". Ma lalo o kēia kumumanaʻo, hui pū nā poʻe palahalaha āpau i nā papa manu liʻiliʻi. I ka wā i hala, hele aku ka inoa kahiko o Rukua i nā kānaka Slavic a hele mai hoʻi i ʻEulopa. ʻO ka inoa Farani no ke ʻano o kēia mini-falcon ʻo "kobez".

Kāleka

Ke kaupaona nei nā laina liʻiliʻi ma mua o 200 mau grika, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 34 cm a hiki ke hoʻonani i nā ʻēheu he 75 cm wale nō, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne o kēia ʻano manu he mau wahine ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka beak o kahi falcon, he hiʻohiʻona ia o ka manu o ka iʻa - pōkole, akā pōkole, ʻaʻole ia e ikaika e like me nā hoahānau o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā manamana lima ma ka wāwae wāwae e ikaika ai ka ikaika a me ka mana, ua liʻiliʻi nā kui.

Aia kahi kamaʻilio kūikawā e pili ana i ka plumage. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole ia e like me ke kūpaʻa no ka kaila wai, no ka laʻana, no kahi gyrfalcon a peregrine falcon a he looser "kūlana". ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole i pili wale i ke ʻano o kēia manu, akā i ka makahiki. No laila, he pōkole ʻōpiopio ka ʻōpio ʻōpio. I loko o ʻōuli (ma nā wahine) a ʻulaʻula (i nā kāne) huli wale lākou i ka wā e lilo ai ka pākeke. Hoʻopouliuli hoʻi ka nuku me ke ʻōpala, hele mai i ka ʻeleʻele hina-polū.

ʻO nā kāne a nā kāne ʻoi aku ka “ʻaʻahu” ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he brown-brown, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōpū ʻulaʻula kukui a me nā "panties". Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā wahine i nā "puaʻa pua nani". ʻO kā lākou plumage he brown brown me nā pana ʻono i ka hope, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo. Hāpai ʻia ka helehelena e nā “antennae” ʻeleʻele kokoke i ka beak.

Nui! ʻO nā subspecies ʻulaʻula - Amur - hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻāpana māmā o ka plumage a me nā "papalina" keʻokeʻo maikaʻi.

Ke noho maʻamau

Makemake ʻo ia i ka biotopes mosaic me ka nui o nā wahi ākea, ma ka ulu lāʻau - nā ʻāina anthropogenic. Poni nui i nā ʻōlima nui, e puʻe i ka lewa a i ka pā. Ma nā meaʻaiʻai, nā ʻūhini, nā wīwī, nā ʻao manu, i ka wāʻai i ka mea liʻiliʻi ma nā rodents, nā mea ʻai. I kekahi manawa hele pū nā manu e ʻalāʻau holoholona, ​​ʻawaʻawa i nā mea hihiu makaʻu. E like me ke kestrel, kau ka lewa i ka lewa ma kahi lele lele lele. Loaʻa mai ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻApelila a Mei paha. Ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaihue; ʻo ka ʻūlo ʻana ka mea mua e ka wai hoʻonaninani.

Ma ka maʻamau o ka noho ʻana o nā kāne i loko o nā ka nahele, i nā mea haki, nā lehelehe, nā puʻu, ʻaʻole e hoʻohana i nā ʻuʻuku i nā pali, nā niches, a me nā hollows. Ma kahi e maʻamau ai ka falcon, hana pinepine ia i nā ʻalā o nā kolo he ʻumi a i nā haneli mau haneli, no ka laʻana, i ka hale noho a i ʻole kahi i waiho ʻia. Hiki i nā hoʻonoho ke kūkulu i hoʻokahi manawa, a hiki ke lōʻihi no kekahi mau makahiki. I loko o nā lima puʻu mai nā hua he 3 a 6 paha o ke kala o ko rusty a i ʻole ka ʻula, ʻo ka inkubation e mau loa 22-27 mau lā, nā kāne a me ka wahine incubate. He keʻokeʻo ka keʻokeʻo huluhulu mua o nā moa, a ʻo ka lua ka hina. Lele lele ka manu ma waho o ka pūnana i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, lilo i moe kolohe i ke makahiki ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka lele no ka hoʻoilo i ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa paha, holo i loko o nā pā, ka mea maʻamau maʻamau no nā falcon.

Kahi a lākou e noho ai

ʻO kahi māhele nui o ka mare wāwae a ka wao nahele ʻo Eurasia, e hoʻomaka ana mai East Europe a me ka Balkan Penkan ma ke komohana a hiki i ka papa o ka muliwai Vilyui, ka muliwai Lena a me ke kapakai o Lake Baikal ma ka hikina. Aia ka hikina i kahi e pili ana i nā falcon liʻiliʻi - Amur leutik falcon.

He mau manu manu nā manu. I ka hoʻoilo, lele lākou i masse ma ke kūkulu hema o ka ʻāina ʻEulila, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao i ke kūkulu hema o ʻAsia. Lawe ʻia ka lele i nā kahuhipa nui, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻelele mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana falcon.

ʻAno kāne pinepine i ka nalo i nā nū manu i ʻole ai i nā manu, a me ka liʻiliʻi i ka hollows, nā niches, a me nā minks. Kūkulu nā manu i nā kolana nui a i luna o 100 mau pālua. Mai nā wahi hoʻoilo ke hoʻi lākou i Mei, a haʻalele loa i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe keiki hipa like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā pili o kā lākou pili ʻana e pili pono ana i ka wā mālama o nā ʻūhini a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe.

Mea ʻai

E like me nā ʻelele āpau o ko lākou ʻohana, he manu kēia mau manu, akā ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hanohano kupanaha, ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa ka manawa, no laila ke makemake lākou i ka mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou i nā mea inikini nui, no ka laʻana, nā ʻōpio, kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai, lele haʻahaʻa.

Ma luna o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai no lākou i nā mahina o ke kauwela. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa i kāna mau mea i loaʻa i ka pā, ua hopu pololei ka moa iā lākou ma luna o ka lele me kāna beak. ʻO nā manu, nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhihi - ua helu pū ʻia kekahi mau mea like me nā lawaiʻa hulu manu - a hopu pololei i nā mea hope me nā wāwae o ka honua.

Ua hoʻouka pū ʻia kēlā mau manu liʻiliʻi i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā manu a me nā manu like ʻole e lilo i mau pōmaikaʻi iā lākou. ʻAi nā pīpī i nā rodents, ʻai i nā kiʻi a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻoheʻe, ʻeliʻaka, ʻike aku iā lākou e holo koke ana mai kahi lele mai.

ʻO nā lapalapa pēpē, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ia he palupalu. ʻIke ʻia nā kihi i ka wā i hoʻoulu ʻia ai nā manu manuahi i ko lākou mau ʻoi nui iā lākou iho, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau hanana i kū ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua ʻōlelo maoli nā kānaka kūlohelohe he mau mea hōʻike lākou no ia ʻano hana. ʻAkahi mākou i ʻike, maʻa lā, pehea kekahi hoa liʻiliʻi i hoʻāʻo ai ma kahi puaʻa. Akā, ʻaʻole ma ka mea e ʻoli ai iā ia, akā no ka manaolana o ka noho ʻana i kāna pūnana.

I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki, pono ka meaʻai like ʻole e hoʻoulu i kāna moa. ʻO kēia mau manu ʻai manu ke ʻimi nei i ke ao, ʻaʻole like me ka hapanui ʻo nā palahalaha. Ma ke ala, lawe mai nā hana o kēia ʻano i nā pono he nui.

Ma muli o ke kōkua ʻana mai o nā manu i ka mahiʻai, a no laila i nā kānaka āpau a paʻakikī loa i ka hoʻonele nui ʻia. Mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki kā lākou hoʻopau ʻana i ka nui o nā pūnaka maikaʻi ʻole ma nā mahina.

ʻAno hānau

Holo nā mea pili o kēia ʻano i nā wahi pili i Mei. ʻAʻole kūkulu ʻo Kobchiki i nā ʻuʻaka iā lākou iho, akā noho wale i nā hale haʻalele. Hoʻohana lākou i nā kumulāʻau mauʻu no ka masonry. Noho ka ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi i nā kolana liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Clutch i nā hua he 3-4, akā i kekahi manawa he 7-8 nā hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka incubation. Hola kēia hana i 4 mau pule.

Hoʻomaka nā manu ʻōpio e lele i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hāʻule kēia manawa i ka hopena o Iune - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai. E hānai nā mākua i ke kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi no 2 mau hola hou aʻe. A laila hoʻomaka ka manu i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.Nā Kobchik i haʻalele i nā wahi e moe ai i ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa.

Holo wikiwiki kēia mau manu. I ka wā o ka lele ʻana, hoʻopuka mau lākou i nā kāhea ʻana. I ka awelika, ʻo ka manaʻolana i ke ola ma 15 wild mau makahiki. Noho nā poʻe lōʻihi lōʻihi i 25 mau makahiki.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

1. Ke noho nei kēia mau mea hoʻomaka no 12-16 mau makahiki, a i ka hoʻopio ʻana - a hiki i ka 18 mau makahiki. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka o ʻAberika i nā mares, e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi mai iā lākou no nā makahiki he nui. ʻAʻole lele nā ​​manu i nā pūnaewele i kūkulu ʻia. Lā lākou i nā mea inikini, nā kiole a me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe i nā pā o ko lākou poʻe kahu, i kēia ala, hoʻonui i ka huahana.
2. Noho nā pēpē i nā pēpē, kōkua nā kāne i ka wahine i ka wā hatching hua. I kēia wā hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hopu ʻana. Mālie a maluhia nā manu, hāʻawi iā lākou iho a hoʻolohe i ka mea nona. Ma muli wale o ke aloha e lele kahe a lele i ka mea nona. I ka wā kahiko, ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻēheu o i ʻole e hiki ke lele ma kahi mamao. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka manawa like, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā e hānai ai ke kanaka i kahi manu, hoʻokuʻu iā ia e lele a lele i ka ʻai.
3. Hoʻopau pinepine kēia mau mea kuʻuna i kēlā me kēia nui, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me lākou, manu, e like me ka heʻe. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i hana i kēia mea no ke kālā kālā me ia, akā i ka lawe ʻana i kāna nalo.
4. He pōmaikaʻi nui nā manu ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pōpoki ma luna o ka ʻāina mahiai, ka luku ʻana iā lākou a ma laila, "hoʻōla" i ka mahina.
5. ʻO kēia manu hopu ʻia e makaʻala mau ana a hopohopo i nā kānaka. Kokoke iā ia, pono loa e makaʻala loa. Inā e noʻonoʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻoweliweli ana kekahi mea iā ia, e hoʻohana ʻia nā kiki a me kahi lāʻau paʻakikī.

I kēia lā, ua kākau inoa ʻia kēia mau poʻomanaʻo ma ka Red Red Book. Ke lilo nei kēia ʻano i maʻamau maʻamau, i kahi kūlana o "ka ʻāina i kokoke i ka mea hoʻoweliweli," a pono e pale. Ke emi nei ka nui o nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula. Ke kāohi nei i kēia mau manu i kahi ʻāina he nui loa i pāpā ʻia e ke kānāwai. Hoʻohana nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka mahiʻai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ko lākou helu. Ua emi ka nui o kā lākou home, no ka mea, ua make kēia hua ʻai manu. I mea e pale ai i ka falcon, pono ʻo ia ke papa ʻia i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kumulāʻau nui i ke kuahiwi o nā kahawai, a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pale o nā ʻano ʻano i waena o nā kānaka kūʻai. E hoʻomaopopo i nā nohona, hana i nā mea hoʻolaʻa holoholona me nā hana kūikawā no ka mālama ʻana i ka falcon liʻiliʻi.

He aha nā lā o ke manu falcon?

Kobchik no nā lālā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana, ʻokoʻa kona kino kino mai 28 a 34 mau kenekimita.

ʻO nā ʻēheu he 69-77 kenimika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēhe he 22-35 kenimika. Ke kaupaona nei kēia mau manu, ma ka awelika, 130-200 kākā. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā wahine.

No nā kiʻi papa liʻiliʻi nā hua liʻiliʻi

He liki pōkole ka palena. He nāwaliwali nā manamana wāwae me nā kīpoki liʻiliʻi, he mea ʻole no nā pale. ʻO nā Males he plumage o ka kala kala-bl brown. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu o ka hoʻokele. ʻO ka ʻāpana o lalo o ke kino me kahi koikoi, he ʻulaʻula ulaula ia. ʻO nā wahine wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he kala ka hina hina, aʻo ka hope i hoʻonani ʻia me nā kaula. Aia nā ala lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū.

I nā holoholona'ōpiopio, ʻokoʻa loa ka kala i ke kala o nā pākeke. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, he uliuli ke kua o ko lākou kua, a ua hoʻopihapiha ʻia ka huelo me nā kālai hewa.

ʻO nā kāne ka poʻe mahi mahina: hopu lākou i nā koina maka.

ʻO ka beak i ʻāpana i ka kala, akā i ka manawa i lilo i mau uliuli. He puni ke aloha he mau pepeiao melemele e loaʻa i ke kala ʻulaʻula i nā makahiki. Ke'ōmaʻomaʻo nā wāwae ʻōpio. I nā kāne pākeke, ʻulaʻula nā wāwae, a i nā wahine makua, ʻona.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka laina i loko o ke ʻano a me kāna kai

Holo i nā ʻōpiki pipi i ke ahiahi. ʻO ke kumu o nā meaʻai he pepeke. ʻO nā paʻu liʻiliʻi e hopu iā lākou ma ka ʻāina a hopu iā lākou i ka lewa me kā lākou mau wāwae. Lulu nā ʻanuʻu a me nā rodents liʻiliʻi i lalo o nā ʻōpū o nā mea hoʻomohala hulu. Hopu hou nā manu liʻiliʻi i nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Nānā kēia mau pala i ka mea i lele ma luna o ka lepo. Ke ʻike nei i kahi mea ʻona nui a i ʻole Rodent mai ka lewa, hoʻomaka ka manu e lele maikaʻi i kona mau ʻēheu, no laila e ʻōloʻe wale ana i kahi. Alaila hāʻule koke i lalo a hopu i ka mea pio. Inā e ʻimi kiki nei ka mea make, a laila e alualu ʻo ka ʻīlio iā ia.

He manu manuʻae nā kuhi ʻoi ʻia.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka laina a me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka

He mea maikaʻi loa nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi no nā kānaka no ka mea e hoʻopau lākou i nā pepeke pōʻino, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mālama i ka hua. Kūpono nui kēia mau kiʻi liʻiliʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka nui o nā rodents.

I kēia manawa, ke kūleʻa mau nei ka lehulehu o nā kāne ʻaina ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā meaʻawaʻawa a nā kānaka e hoʻoheheʻe i ka mahina ka mea nui i kēia. ʻO ke kikowaena o ka fudder o nā falcons ua hōʻemi ʻia, kahi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻole i ka lehulehu.

Aia nā pīpī ma ka Red Book, no ka mea, he pono koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Nā koho ʻē aʻe:

Koi ʻana ma luna o kahi lāʻau lawaiʻa

Mua kiko

Nāwana lawaiʻa ʻana

Lawai mug

ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov

Kobchik (lat. Falco vespertinus) - kekahi ʻano manu o ka mea i ʻai ʻia i nā ʻōhua genus. ʻO kahi ʻano pālahalaha pālahalaha maʻamau. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike o kēia falcon mai nā wahi a pau o ka ʻāina, eia nō naʻe ka ʻohana ʻulaʻula. Ua loaʻa i kēia manu ka inoa ʻo "kobchik" mai nā huaʻōlelo Lūkini kahiko "kobets". Ma lalo o kēia kumumanaʻo, hui pū nā poʻe palahalaha āpau i nā papa manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi falcon liʻiliʻi, i ka hoʻohālikelike a me nā ʻano e like me ke kestrel, akā ʻē aʻe ka laulā ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā manu manuahi e noho ana i nā kaona, me ka kestrel a me nā capelin, ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka manu o nā mea i nui i loko o ka hale o nā pā hale nui a me nā hale pilikino, nā pā hale o Saratov. Kobchik i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e pā i Saratov ponoʻī, ʻoiai me ka kestrel maʻamau, ʻo ia ka mana nui i waena o nā mea wīwī, helu lākou i ka 69.5% (no ka wā hana) a me 74.8% (no ka piʻina trophic) o ka huina nui o ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu manu naʻu. ʻO ka nui o ka waiwai nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kahi pākaha ma nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo 2.6 ind./km2.

ʻO Kobchik kahi ʻano kaʻawale i ka ʻohana falcon, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hūnā pinepine ai ka falope a me ka kestrel. ʻAno like nā kala a me ke kala like. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka laulā wale nō. He ʻokoʻa loa ʻo Kobchik i kona mau hoahānau, ma ke kino a me nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manu he 28-33 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēhe he 23-35 cm, he mau akua ka 65-77 cm, he lōʻihi ke kaumaha o 130–197 g. He ʻupuʻu ka palena, kahi nāwaliwali. ʻO ke kāneʻeleʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele) me ka ʻōpiopio-ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio, ka hana a me ka “pants”. Hoʻoweliweli ka wahine i ka hina me ka hina o ke kao o ka hope, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo, nā ala lōʻihi ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū, ka ʻumi ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā ​​manu ʻōpio me kahi lalo o nā wahi i loko o nā ʻāpana lōʻihi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia “pekcon” wahi ʻē ʻia, akā aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - "falcon ʻulaʻula", e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke kaila ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me ka ulaula. ʻO nā wāwae, wīwī a pume paha a puni ka maka me ka ʻula a ai ʻole paha i nā manu, a ua melemele hoʻi i nā manu ʻōpio. ʻŌpala keʻokeʻo nā kuku. ʻAʻeleʻele ke anana. Ma muli o ka plumage maʻamau o kēia ʻano heʻuhane, ua mahalo ʻia ka manu e nā kāhuna pule ʻana. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hānai ka poʻe maʻamau i ka marefuckers e kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā huaʻai mai ka komo ʻana o ka ʻūhini a me nā mea mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo. High a hoarse paha "A lōʻihi hou" cues, cues, cues. "."

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike o kēia falcon mai nā wahi a pau o ka ʻāina, eia nō naʻe ka ʻohana ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa nā ʻōlaila heau ma nā wahi he nui ma ka wahi o Volga, ma kahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ʻaʻole he emi nui i kona helu. E pili ana i ka Bank kūpono, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka kuʻikahi o kekahi mauʻano ʻano mai ka 1970s. A hiki i kēia lā, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā hoʻokukupua kūpono i ka maʻamau akā maʻamau.

Ua loaʻa kekahi mau haneli he nui i nā kaʻe lāʻau ma ke kahawai. B. Irgiz ma kahi kokoke o. ʻO Tavolozhka o ka moku Pugachevsky, kahi kolana o nā mares liʻiliʻi i loko o nā pūʻulu heʻumi mau puke i ʻike ʻia mai ka wahi o s. ʻO Usatovo, ʻāpana ʻo Krasnokutsky, ʻenehana 8 mau lehelehe i kahi kahua ʻeke kahiko e kokoke ana i kahi loko wai i kā lākou pehi. Kakauolelo. Ma ka ulu lāʻau ʻo Dyakovsky ponoʻī, ʻo ka falcon i haki nui i nā pakanā ʻelua. Aia kekahi kolone nui o kēia mau manu mai ka ʻuʻu 14 i hū ʻia ma nā ʻuʻulu mau hoʻi i nā moʻo pie kahiko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mea kanu lāʻau kokoke i ka muliwai. ʻO Bizyuk, aia nā kumuwaiwai pono e pili ana i ke pua lāʻau. Volga ma waena o nā kauā N. Bannovka a me Beloglinsky.

Loaʻa pinepine iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā kolone pālua hui ʻia o nā kāne a me nā rooks. No ka laʻana, e like me nā helu papa ma nā kahakai o ka loko loko o ko lākou wahi ʻo Fedorovsky, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka lehulehu ʻulaʻula i loko o nā koloni i hui pū ʻia me nā rooks he 1,2 pax / km o ke kahakai.

No laila, aia i loko o kahi laʻe o Prieruslan, ke kumu o ka ʻaiʻai a ka manu, he mau iniseti, he nui ka ʻāʻū ole (60% o nā hihia) a me nā orthopterans (3%). I ka wā ʻoi, hiki i ka pua liʻiliʻi ke hopu i nā mamalia, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka nui - nā ʻōpio liʻiliʻi ʻōpio liʻiliʻi (20%) a me nā pihi steppe (45%). I ka manawa like, nā manu ākea mau loa (10%) hopu i nā kiʻī hale, nā pelekele nimble a me nā kīleʻa lehulehu lehulehu. ʻO nā manu ka mea huki nui iā ia ma nā manu liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ke hoʻokū i kahi manu nui, e like me ka manu nunu. Holo lākou i ke ahiahi, i kū ʻole i ka inoa Latin inoa "vespertinus" - "ahiahi". E nānā no nā kobochki hopu mai ka lewa. Ke ʻike nei i ka pahuhopu, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻōla ikaika i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hopena o ka ʻaila ma kahi hoʻokahi. A laila hāʻule ka mea hoʻolale hulu me ka pōhaku a hāʻule i ka waiwai. Inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia ka pahuhopu i nā kiko mua i ka manawa mua, alualu ka hope, huli i ka ʻāina.

ʻO Kobchik kahi manu lele, ʻaʻole ia he maʻamau no nā falcons. ʻAno, ʻaʻole ola kēia mau manu, ʻo ka hapanui i nā kolana, nui loa - a hiki i 100 pālua. Akā eia kahi ʻo ka "hoʻokauwā" a nā kāne kāne i pau. ʻAʻole e like me nā manu ʻē e neʻe nei i nā ʻohana, ʻaʻole pili nā kāne i nā ʻohana a me ka pūnana, ʻoiai ua hoʻomohala lākou i ke kuleana o ka "kāne" hānai i nā hua.

ʻAʻole hana ʻino nā ʻīlio. ʻAʻole kēia mea hana makika he mea kūkulu. Ma waho o ka hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻana i ka hana hana, makemake lākou e noho i nā hoke a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku pinepine ma mua o ka ʻole, ka haʻalele ʻana i kēia hūlau, ai ʻole ʻūlū manu ʻana, nā ʻūlū ʻana, a me nā pōleele. Inā ʻaʻohe mea, a laila, he hale no ka manawa, hiki i ke hoa ke koho i kahi hollow a ʻole pū paha.

E lele ana i nā wahi nūhou i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila. He ʻūhū wale ana ia i nā wao nahele: nā wao nahele, nā pā hale noho, nā māla a me nā māla o nā noho. Noho pinepine ʻo ia i nā loko wai, noho wale i nā nīnū kahiko a nā ʻōpala hina kahiko. Hiki iā ia ke noho ma kahi kokoke i nā nests o nā mau kiʻi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana ma mua o nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka manawa o ka uka o ka nui o nā pepeke nunui. I loko o ka pae ʻaiʻo Prieruslan ma nā wahi ʻo Krasnokutsk a me Rivne, hoʻomaka ka hoʻonoho hua manu i nā lā he 10 o Mei. Ua loaʻa ma kahi kokoke o 4 mau hua hou Kochumbetova ma ka moku Perelyubsky. I ka waena waena o ʻAukake, hoʻomaka nā manu i ka lele trophic, a hiki ke loaʻa i nā mahiʻai (Krasnokutsky district), kokoke i nā loko wai (Novouspenka kauhale o Krasnopartizansky distrika), i ka puni o nā kauhale (Dyakovka Village), i nā kanu kanu, a me kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana. lele manu nā manu trophic nomer e hana, i mea maʻamau i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa.

Lele lele nā ​​ʻalopeke liʻiliʻi i nā wahi hana i ka hopena o ʻApelila, mua o Mei me ke kumu hoʻokahi e haʻalele ai i kā lākou hua. Ke iho nei lākou i kā lākou ʻoihana inā hiki lākou. ʻO ka manawa hoʻohālikelike - pōkole kekahi mau hula o ka kāne i mua o ka wahine i mea hoihoi iā ia a nānā i kēia wā e noho ana ʻo ia ma luna o nā hua. ʻO ka masonry o kahi hoa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e helu ana i ka 5-7 mau hua. ʻOi hua e hoʻohālikelike i ka manu - ʻuʻuku, ʻulaʻula me nā ʻiliʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hatching hua i mau malama - ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hānau ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. Nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā wahine hatch hua i ka huli, e hoʻololi i nā kuleana. ʻOiai e mālama kekahi i ka hua e hiki mai ana, e mālama ka mea ʻai i ka meaʻai. Kōlei mau ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi e ulu a ulu a wikiwiki aʻe. ʻO hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana - i ka waena o Iulai -ʻo lākou ua lawe lākou i ka ʻēheu a haʻalele i ka pūnana makua. ʻElua mau pule e lawe mau ʻia iā lākou e loaʻa ka hilinaʻi ma ko lākou mau mana e like me ka mea he lawai a me ka mākaukau ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lele. ʻAʻole lele ka pōkole o kēia mau mākua i kēia manawa a kahi makua hānai, a hānai nā mākua. Akā i ka waena o ʻAukake, ua hoʻomaka nā mākaukau koʻikoʻi no ka holo lōʻihi i ka wā hoʻoilo. Ua haʻalele ka ʻohana i ka pili i nā mea hou loa i ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa. A ma kēia manawa, ulu ka ulu o ka ʻōpio - piha a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i nā lālā kūʻokoʻa o ka pā.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole he ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli kēia manu. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai, ʻo ka helu o ka falcon ulaula i hōʻemi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka poʻe mini-falcon e kona makee paʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomake ʻole ʻana mai o nā pesticides e hana ai i nā māla mahiʻai. ʻAʻole nā ​​pepeke make wale nō ka make, akā nā mini-falcon, e ʻai nui ana iā lākou.

I ka nahele, ua palena mau ka manawa o ke ola ma kahi falcon a hiki i 12 a 15 mau makahiki. I ka pio, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou ola ma 20 a hiki i 25 mau makahiki.