Fenrir - i loko o Kelemania-Scandinavian ʻanoʻano kūʻiʻo hele nui nui, keiki a Loki lāua ʻo Angrboda. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale lani o Asgard.
ʻO ka manawa mua e ʻike ai ʻo ia iā ia i kona wā liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻoholo nā akua e hoʻowalewale i ka cub wolf. Ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ke akua hanohano o ke kaua ʻo Tyr e hānai iā ia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia. Piʻi ka manu nui i nā leaka a me nā kaula, a no laila ua lilo ka nui o kona waha hāmama mai ka honua i ka lani, a ʻo kona mau maka, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka ʻoka ikaika ikaika a koi a ʻoi loa hoʻi e like me nā pahi.
A ʻaihue ke holoholona i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo, weliweli loa kona akua a pau nā akua, koe wale nō ʻo Thur, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokokoke iā ia, makaʻu lākou i ka ʻai ʻia.
ʻElua mau akua i hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻīlio i nā pōhaku, akā ua hoʻohiolo koke ʻo Fenrir i nā ʻeke. A laila hana nā wwf o ka zwerg i kahi palupalu, e like me ka kaula silk, a me kahi kaula Gleipnir ikaika a ʻeono mau mea ola ʻole: nā aʻa o ke kuahiwi, ke kani ʻana o nā alihi, nā ʻumiʻane o ka wahine, ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa, lawe i nā ʻalaha a me nā lawaiʻa manu.
Makemake e hoʻowali i kona pā kaua, hoʻowalewale ʻo nā akua iā Fenrir i kahi mokupuni i nā moana.
Ma mua o kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe manaʻo ka moʻo i ke hoʻopunipuni, na ke akua o ke kaua ʻo Tyr i kau lima i loko o kona waha i kahi hōʻailona o ka haʻalele ʻole o nā manaʻo ʻino. Ua haʻalele iki ʻo Fenrir iā ia i kona hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua loaʻa iā lākou, akā ua kakali naʻe ka pō. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e haki, me ka hoka ʻana o ka mokupuni āpau, akā na nā akua i nā ʻalohi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā ia i loko o ka honua, kahi e ulu nui ai ʻo ia.
E haʻi aku kaʻuʻuku ma mua o ka pau o ka honua, ua uhai ʻo Fenrir i nā mea paʻa a komo i ke kaua hope loa o nā akua a me nā Repa, kaulana ʻo Ragnarok. I ke kaua koko, e make ana ke akua kiʻekiʻe loa o ʻOdin mai kona mau lāʻau. Eia naʻe, ʻo Vidar, ke keiki a ʻOdin, e hoʻopaʻi ana i kona makuakāne, e haehae i ka ʻīlio.
Ma ka ʻōlelo Nānā kahiko, "Fenrir" mai ka huaʻōlelo "fen-noho", nāna e unuhi maoli ʻo "kahi noho o nā wahi momona". Hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi ʻo Fenrir i nā leka e like me: Fenrisulfr (mai "Fenris wolf"), ʻo Hrodvitnir ("ka wolf kaulana"), ʻo Vanagandr (ka mōʻīwī kahiko o "mō'ī o Van River").
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe koho o nā mea mōʻaukala akā e manaʻo e ala ke kiʻi ʻo Fenrir i mea e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai nā mea kūlohelohe i ka lehulehu. ʻOiai ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia hopena, aia kahi ʻano maʻi i kū i ka hana o nā kānaka ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea zoological kiko, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā holoholona prehistoric e ola hou ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia, no ka hoʻohālikelike ana, ke ana, nā ʻoki a nā keiki ʻokiʻoki.
A ʻo ka wolf kū e kū hoʻokahi ma aneʻi Canis dirusua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Wolf Terrible".
I waena o nā puka fossil, mea hoihoi a me nā mea pohihihi. Nui nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻia i waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia o ka Late Pleistocene fauna o ka wai hau, e hoʻi ana i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaha loa, ka mea e lawelawe ʻia nei ma kahi o 25-15 tausani mau makahiki i hala.
Noho ʻo nā ʻūlima a me nā kānaka me nā pilikia paʻakikī o ka wā o ka hopena o ka wai hau, a ua ʻimi nā mea a pau i nā pūʻulu no nā mea like, e komo pū ana, nā bison a me nā mammoth he mau kaua. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea like i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano mamalia ʻelua.
Loaʻa ka nui nui o nā koena i mālama ʻia i nā palala kūlohelohe ma Florida a me Kaleponi. Ma nā kikoʻī laulā maʻamau, ʻo kēia ʻihi o ke ʻano nui o ka wolf hina (Canis lupus), akā he 1/5 lōʻihi loa, me ka lewa ākea a me kahi lae ākea.
ʻO ka lae o Canis dirus i lalo loa i ka maka o ka maka ma mua o ke hina hina. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wīwī "weliweli" he nui ka niho nui - ka umauma o ka niho o ka niho ma hope o 3.5 cm! ʻO kēia holoholona kupaianaha e noho nei ma ke komohana hema, ma Florida, kahi mamao loa ia e like me ka mahana, i ka lā Mekiko, Peru, a maʻa paha ʻo Argentina.
Ma muli o nā iwi ikaika a me ka pulika, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili nui ka mea make, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia i nā pono e pono ai ke ola a noho i loko o nā ʻolio ʻē aʻe o kēlā manawa. Ua make ʻo ka ʻīlio weliweli ma hope o ka make o kona waiwai pio - nui nā lāʻau kanu. ʻO ka moʻolelo o kēia wolf he mea hoʻomanaʻo piha loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka bea hakakā fossil.
Akā, ʻaʻole paha ia i make loa, a i ʻole ke kau ʻia "ma Europe" ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā zoologists i loaʻa i kona mau kino i ka "pahele" i loko o Florida ua kāʻili ʻia. I kēia manawa ua lawa ia no kāna komo ʻana i nā kuʻuna o ka poʻe e like me kekahi o nā ʻano moʻolelo o mākou ʻike. ʻO ia ka hypothesis. A ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hōʻole i kēia lā.
He mea kupaianaha ia ke kiʻi o Fenrir i mea hoihoi i ka poʻe hoʻomohala ma ka wā kahiko: eia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Cross of Thornwald", loaʻa i ka Isle of Man. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kanaka e hahi ana i kahi ʻīlio nui a kuhikuhi pū i ka ihe ma laila.
Hōʻike ʻia kahi manu ma ka ʻāʻī o ke kanaka, nāna i ʻae iā ia e hōʻike ʻia ʻo Odin. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hōʻike hope ʻia ke kaua hope o ʻOdin me Fenrir ma ke kea. ʻO ka "Cross of Thornwald" e pili ana i ka "syncretic art" i ʻike ʻia ma ka hana ʻana o nā pilahi a me nā manaʻo Karistiano, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o nā kenekulia 11, ma kahi o kēia, ua loaʻa ka "Cross of Gosfort" a me "Ledberg Stone".
Ua hana pū lākou i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona mai Ragnarok. E like me ke kūlohelohe. No laila ua ola paha ʻo Fenrir i ka Middle Ages?
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Wolf Horrible
ʻOiai ka hele ʻana o kekahi mau mea like me ka ʻīlio hina, he mau ʻokoʻa nō ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā “ʻohana” ʻelua - kahi hoʻi, i kōkua i ke ola ʻana i kekahi holoholona a i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka holoholona hou a ʻano nui. No ka like ʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae o kahi w ʻī weliweli, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka manawa. Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kahi ʻolua - hoʻohālikelike i kahi ʻīnekele hina o ka nui. I ka lōʻihi, uaʻoi aku ka wolf weliweli ma luna o ka wili hina, a hiki ma ka awelika, 1,5 m.
Wikiō: Wolf Horrible
Mai kēia mau mea āpau hiki iā mākou ke kahakiʻi i kahi hopena kūpono - ua loaʻa i nā ʻīlio weliweli i ka nui o ka nui a koʻu nui (e pili ana i nā ʻolio hina ia e ʻike iā mākou), i kaupaʻa ʻia (hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā ʻano genetic pilikino) o ka 55-80 kg. ʻAe, morphologically (ʻo ia, ma ke ʻano o ke kino) nā ʻōpio weliweli i like like me nā ʻīlio hina kahiko, akā 2 o kēia mau ʻano, ʻaʻole like like me he like ma mua. Inā he kumu like ʻole lākou - ke home o nā kūpuna nā lua o Eurasia, a ʻo nā ʻano nui weliweli i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema.
E pili ana i kēia, ua hōʻike ka hopena hope iā ia iho: he ʻano ʻano kahiko, he wolf weliweli i ka pilina pili kokoke i kahi coyote (ʻAmelika hopena) ma mua o kahi wolf hina hina ʻEulopa. Akā me kēia mau mea āpau, ʻaʻole e poina i kēia mau holoholona nā holoholona āpana - Canis a pili kokoke i kekahi me kekahi ma nā ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He helehelena weliweli e like
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kahi ʻīlio weliweli a me kona pili i kēia wā, ʻo ia ka palena morphometric - ua loaʻa i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka mea hoʻolaha ma mua o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna mau molars - i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻīlio hina a me nā coyotes ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ia, ʻo ke kaʻe ʻana o kahi ʻīlio weliweli he nui ke ʻano nui o kahi ʻōpala nui o kahi wili hina, akā ʻo ke kino (inā lawe ʻia i loko) ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi.
Manaʻo kekahi mau paleontologists e hānai maoli nā ʻīlio weliweli i ke kalaka, akā ʻaʻole ka poʻe ʻepekema āpau i ʻike i kēia ʻike. Ma kahiʻaoʻao, ʻae, ua hōʻike ka nui o nā niho nui o nā poʻe wānana i ka lokomaikaʻi o ka wana hypothetical o nā ʻīlio weliweli (e nānā ana i kahi ʻūhā, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i nā molars mua prerooted a mandibular). ʻO kekahi (ʻoi aku ka hemahema) ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona i hiki ke lilo i ka moʻo hana. ʻO ka mea ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā holoholona weliweli weliweli ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hema, nā ʻīlio mai nā huahele Borophagus nalowale - hāʻule nā mea kanu maʻamau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o nā ʻīlio weliweli. ʻOi paha lākou i ʻai i nā nāu holoholona i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻīlio hina, akā ʻaʻole pono kēia mau holoholona (i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nā loea) ʻo nā mea lawehala (no ka laʻana, e like me nā hyenas a i ʻole nā ʻīlio).
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻili hina a me ka coyote i mālama ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona morphometric o ke poʻo. Akā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho o nā holoholona kahiko, a ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hihili ma mua o nā ʻike a pau. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻīlio weliweli me ka hiki ke hōʻoki nui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia i nā hōʻeha hohonu ma mua o nā mea wānana.
ʻAuhea i noho ai ka ʻīlio weliweli.
Kuhi: Horrible Grey Wolf
ʻO kahi noho o nā ʻīlio weliweli he ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema - noho i kēia mau holoholona i ʻelua mau konana o ke kauoha o 100 tausani mau makahiki o KKM. ʻO ka manawa o "heyday" o nā ʻano ʻīlio weliweli i hala i ka wā o Pleistocene. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia kēia hopena ma ka nānā ʻana o nā palu o nā ʻīlio weliweli i loaʻa i ka wā o nā hana ʻimi e loaʻa i nā wahi like ʻole.
Mai ia manawa mai, ua kālai ʻia nā hua manu o nā ʻīlio weliweli ma ke kūkulu hema o ka ʻāina (ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Florida) a ma ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (teritori - ʻo ia ke awāwa o Mexico City). Loaʻa kahi "bonus" ʻimi e loaʻa ai ma Rancho Labrea, nā hōʻailona o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ma Kaleponi i loaʻa ma nā waihona ʻoluʻolu ʻo Pleistocene e waiho ana ma ke awāwa Livermore, a me nā ʻāpana o nā makahiki like ʻole ma San Pedro. ʻO nā loea i loaʻa ma Kaleponi a me Mexico City ua liʻiliʻi loa a he mau wāwae i ʻoi aku ia mau pupuʻu i ʻoi aku i kēlā mau Spimens.
Ua pau ka make ʻana o ka wolf weliweli a me ka nalo ʻana o ka megafauna mammoth ma kahi o 10 tausani mau makahiki o ka makahiki o BC. ʻO ke kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻīlio weliweli pili i ka make ʻana o nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona nui i ka manawa o nā kenetua hope o ka lā ʻo Pleistocene e hiki ai ke hoʻopiha i nā mea momona o nā mea kau nui. ʻO ia kahi, hoʻokani ka pōloli i ka hana nui. Hoʻopili i kēia pono, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻomau nei i ka nui o nā hapanui o Homo sapiens a me nā ʻīlio maʻamau i kōkua i ka nalo ʻana o ka wuroke weliweli he mau ʻano. ʻO lākou (a ka hapanui o nā poʻe mua) ka mea i lilo i mea hoʻokūkū ʻai hou o ka mea nāna e hoʻopau.
ʻOiai ke hoʻolālā kūpono o ka hopu holoholona, ka ikaika, ka huhū a me ka hoʻomanawanui, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā ʻolua weliweli ke kūʻē i kekahi mea i ka mea hoʻowahāwahā. No laila, ʻo ko lākou hōʻole e hoʻi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana me lākou iho he mea hoʻohenehene maikaʻi loa lākou - ʻo ia ka mea nāna e hōʻeuʻeu. ʻĀnō hoʻi nā pale o ko lākou ʻili i ke anuanu, a ua lilo kā lākou mau manu i kahi hoʻonani wahine. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio hina i hele a nui loa - hele i ka lawelawe o nā kānaka, e hoʻohuli ana i nā ʻīlio home.
ʻĀnō ʻike ʻoe i kahi i noho ai ka ʻīlio weliweli. E ʻike i nā mea āna i ʻai ai.
He aha kā ka ʻīlio weliweli?
Kuhi: ʻO nā Wolves Horrible
ʻO ka "kumu kīʻaha nui ma ka papa kuhikuhi" o nā ʻīlio weliweli ʻo ka bison kahiko a me nā kiʻi artiodactyl ʻAmelika. Eia nō kekahi, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ʻahaʻaina i ka ʻai o nā pēpē nui a me nā kāmela Komohana. Hiki i ka mammoth makua ke kūʻē i kahi pōpō o nā ʻīlio weliweli, akā no ka cub, a me nā mammoth nāwaliwali, e hakakā i kahi bipi, hiki ke lilo i ka ʻaina kakahiaka o nā ʻīlio weliweli.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano ʻoi manu e hoʻohana ai nā ʻīlio hina i ke ʻimi no ka ʻai. No ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o kēia holoholona hihiu a hāʻule i ka ʻai, aia nō ke kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai ua ʻano like ka ʻōpala weliweli i like me ka hyena ma mua o kāna ʻīlio hina ma ke ʻano a me kaʻai ʻana.
Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻōpio weliweli i ka hoʻolālā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai i nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau mai kona ʻohana. Ke nānā nei i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻi o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, me kona mau pakanika he nui, kahi i hāʻule ai nā holoholona laahi nui, ʻo kekahi o nā ala punahele e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai no nā ʻīlio weliweli (e like me nā manu kalrion nui) ka ʻai ʻana i kahi holoholona i hana ʻia i loko o ka pahele.
ʻAe, ua hāʻule pinepine nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu maoli, kahi o ka poʻe predator i ʻai ai i nā holoholona make, akā i ka manawa like, ua make pinepine lākou i ka pili ʻana i ka bitumen. ʻO ka lua no ka hapalua mau kenekulia i kanu ʻia e pili ana i ka poʻe predator he 10-15, waiho ana i ko mākou mau mea ninaninau me nā lako maikaʻi no ke aʻo ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke kiʻi: hoʻopau piha ʻana nā Wolves
ʻO D. guildayi, kekahi o nā subspecies o ka wolf weliweli i noho i ka hema o ʻAmelika a me Mexico, ʻo ka hapa nui mai nā poʻe āpau āpau i hāʻule i loko o ka puʻu bitumen. Wahi a nā ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e nā paleontologists, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā koena o nā ʻīlio weliweli ma mua o nā koena o nā ʻīlio hina - he ʻano o ka 5 a 1 ka mea e ʻike ai.
ʻO ka mua: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio weliweli ma mua o ka lehulehu o nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau. ʻEkahi: no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻīlio holo mua i lilo i mauʻu bitumen, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia no ka honi ʻana, hōʻuluʻulu lākou i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a ʻai mau ka mea ʻai ʻole, akā ʻo nā holoholona i hāʻule i loko o ka lua bitumen.
Ua hoʻokumu ke kāʻeiʻepekema i kahi rula - nā mea hoʻomaka āpau i nā mea kanu i hānai ʻia ke kino ʻaʻole i ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana o nā mea a pau o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana hoʻouka. Hoʻoponopono no ka ʻike nui ʻana o ka ʻīlio weliweli, ua hoʻopau nā paleontologists e hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou hana hōʻemi ma kahi o 300-600 kg.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ua lilo ka bison i mau mea maikaʻi loa (ma kēia ʻāpana koʻikoʻi) akā naʻe, me nā keʻa o nā keena ʻai, ke hoʻonui nui ʻia nei nā ʻōpio i kā lākou "papa", e nānā ana i nā holoholona nui a ʻoi aku paha.
Aia he hōʻike no ka ʻōlio weliweli i ʻākoakoa i loko o ka ʻeke e ʻimi ana i nā kohola i hoʻolei ʻia ma ka ʻāina a ʻai iā lākou i ka ʻai. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kahi ʻohana o nā ʻīlio hina hina ʻōiwi i ka elk e kaupaona ana i ka 500 kg, ʻaʻole ia he mea paʻakikī loa no kahi ʻohana o kēia mau holoholona e make ai i kahi pōpō a maikaʻi, akā no ka mea nui.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hoʻolaha: Cubs o ka Wolf Terrible
ʻO nā haʻawina ʻo Paleontologists e pili ana i ka nui o nā kino a me nā ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio weliweli he nui i ʻike i ka noho ʻana o ka dimorphism wahine. Hōʻike kēia hopena i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola o nā ʻīlio ma nā huina monogamous. Ke holo manuahi, hana pū kekahi nā mea wīwī - like me nā ʻīlio hina a me nā ʻīlio dingo. ʻO nā “kihi” ʻo ka hui kaua he mau kāne a me nā wahine, a ʻo nā ʻūlio ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻeke i kā lākou mea kōkua. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o kekahi mau holoholona i ka wā o ka hopu holoholona i hōʻoia ai i ka pale o ka holoholona i make a i ʻole ka mea i make i loko o ka lua bitumen mai nā hana hōʻino o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nui paha, ʻo nā ʻīlio weliweli, i hiʻohiʻona ʻia e ka ikaika a me ka lehulehu, akā i ka manawa like me ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika, ua hoʻouka ʻo ia i nā holoholona olakino ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoi aku ka ʻīlio hina i nā holoholona wikiwiki i nā pā Ua hoʻākāka ka hana like ʻole o ka hopu holoholona - i hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻike ʻole i nā ʻīlio weliweli ma ke ʻano like me nā mea hina.
ʻO ka hapa paha, ʻo lākou, e like me nā coyotes ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, i noho ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho i nā pua nui, e like me nā ʻīlio hina. A hele pū ka hopu ʻana i nā hui o 4-5 mau kanaka. ʻO nā wīwī a me 2-3 mau ʻōpio ʻōpiopio he "insurers". He kūpono loa kēia ʻano hana - lawa ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi (ʻoiai ʻo ke bison hoʻonaʻaua wale nō ke kū ʻole i kū i ʻelima mau mea hoʻohālikelike i ka manawa like), ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea lawe i ka lehulehu.
ʻIke maoli nō: I ka makahiki 2009, kahi mea hoʻokalakupua chilling, ka mea nui i hōʻike ʻia i kahi wolf weliweli, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā papa o nā kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia nō kekahi, ua kapa ʻia ke kiʻi ma hope o kahi mea wānana prehistoric - he mea kūpono loa. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia pākuhi ke hiki i nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika ke hiki ke hoʻohui i ka DNA o ke kanaka me ka DNA o kahi ʻīlio weliweli i huki ʻia mai kahi kākala fossil - he punetapa prehistoric koko i noho i ka wā o ka hau. ʻO ka hopena o ia mau ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pua weliweli weliweli.ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kēlā holoholona e lilo i ʻōlio hana, no laila ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ala e hele wale ai a hoʻomaka e ʻimi e ʻai i nā meaʻai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻīlio weliweli
Kuhi: He helehelena weliweli e like
ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū nui no ka ʻai o nā holoholona nui i ka wā o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻīlio weliweli he smilodon a me ka liona ʻAmelika. Ua māhelehele ʻia kēia mau poʻo ʻekolu i kahi heluna o nā bison, nā kāmela komohana, nā Columbus mammoth a me nā mastodons. Eia kekahi, ua loli ka wikiwiki i nā kūlana kime ma kahi e nui ai ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o kēia mau mea hana.
Ma muli o nā loli kūlohelohe i hele mai ai, ma ka nui o ka glacial hope loa, ua hele nā kāmela a me nā kīmona mai nā kula a me nā ʻalaʻu i nā wao nahele, i mea e hānai ai i nā conifers. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hapa nui loa ma ka menu helu o ka ʻōpio weliweli (a me nā mea hoʻokūkū a pau) nā kaulike kaulike (mau lio hihiu), a me nā lawehala, nā bison, nā mastodons a me nā kāmelo i hele mai nei i kēia mau poʻe predator. . ^ E Ha yM. He helu liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā mea kanu i helu ʻia ma luna nei no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke "hānai" i nā mea lohi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ka hopu huluhulu a me ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio weliweli iā lākou e hoʻokūkū maikaʻi me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o lākou i nā ʻikepili āpau, akā makemake ʻia i "hana" wale nō. Hoʻohālikelike - Ua nalowale nā smilodons a me nā Liona ʻAmelika ma mua o nā ʻīlio weliweli. Akā he aha ka mea - ua lilo pinepine lākou iā lākou i waiwai o nā ʻōpala wolf.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: ʻO nā Wolves Horrible
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka lehulehu ka ʻāina i loko o ʻAmelika ma kahi o 115,000–9,340 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka Late Pleistocene a me ka Holocene Ma mua. Ua ulu kēia ʻano mai kona kūpuna - Canis armbrusteri, i noho i loko o ia wahi ma ka hiʻina pili e pili ana 1,8 miliona - 300 tausani mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka laulima o ka nui loa o nā ʻīlio holoʻokoʻa a i piʻi aku ai i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻalani (42 degrees) ka ʻākau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e ʻike ʻia ai nā koena o kahi ʻīlio weliweli, ʻo 2255 mau mika. Noho ka poʻe Pelekane ma nā wahi like ʻole - ma nā ʻāina lepo ākea a me nā nahele, ma nā kuahiwi a me nā savannas o ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO ka pau ʻana o nā ʻano Canis dirus i hele i ka wā o ka hau. Ua kōkua kekahi mau mea i kēia hanana. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe naʻauao mua ma ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka wolf weliweli, nona ka ʻili o ka wolf i make a hōʻoluʻolu i nā lole. ʻO ka lua, ua pāʻani ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lewa i nā ʻōpio weliweli (ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka ʻoi aku ʻo Pleistocene).
I nā makahiki hope loa o ka hau, ua hoʻomaka ka mahana wela, ka nui o nā pakanani nunui, ka mea e hoʻomake ai i ka papa nui o ka wolf weliweli, a nalowale loa a hele paha. Me ka waʻa pōkole, ʻaʻole lawa ka pehu a me kēia wikiwiki. ʻO ka ʻūhā ikaika a squat skeleton, e hoʻolako ana i kēia manawa i ka mana o kēia mau holoholona, lilo i ke kaumaha ʻole i ʻae ʻia i ka ʻae ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe hou. A ʻaʻole i hiki i ka ʻīlio weliweli ke hana hou i kāna "makemake" gastronomic ".
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻīlio weliweli i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaila o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōmaikaʻi i ulu mai ma Quaternary. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona ke hoʻololi i ka loli o ke anuanu a me nā mea anthropogenic i komo i ka pā. No laila, e ʻōlelo ʻo ua nā kānaka ikaika a ikaika hoʻi i ke kūpono loa i nā mea āpau - pinepine ka hoʻomanawanui, ka hiki ke kali, a ʻo ka mea nui - ʻo ka hui ʻana, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana, ʻoi aku ka mea i ʻoi aku.
ʻAe, ua hōʻea nā nui o ka poʻe predator kahiko i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā lau o ka 97 cm, ua lōʻihi kona kino kino he 180 cm. ʻO 310 ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala, a me nā iwi ākea a me nā ikaika ikaika i hoʻolako ikaika i kahi hoʻopono. Akā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka lōʻihi loa o nā paepae i ka pōloli weliweli e like me ka coyotes a i ʻole ka ʻīlio hina. Hoʻohālikelike - ua hoʻolako ʻia ka mana aupuni o ka millennium e nā poʻe hoʻokūkū i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka loli ʻana o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻAlau hae - he holoholona kahiko kupanaha. I ka honua o kēia manawa, manaʻo nui nā hipa o nā ʻīlio hina a me nā coyotes, a ʻike ʻoe i nā pulu o nā wolf weliweli i ʻike ʻia e nā paleontologists e hōʻike nui ʻia ma ka Rancho Labreus Museum (aia ma Los Angeles, Kaleponi).
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Kāpoki
Canis dirus (Leidy) - ʻīlio weliweli
Ua pāhola nui ʻia kēia holoholona ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema i ka wā o Pleistocene. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e nā koena o nā ʻīlio weliweli i loaʻa i nā wahi ʻokoʻa. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia mau ʻano mai nā ʻĀina Pleistocene o ke kahawai ʻo Mississippi.
Mai ia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena o nā ʻīlio weliweli ma ke kūkulu hema (Florida) a ma ke kūkulu hema (Valley of Mexico City). Ma kahi o nā ʻike i loko o ka La Brea Ranch, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike maka ʻana ma ko lākou noho ʻana ma Kaleponi ma nā puʻuwai Pleistocene o ke awāwa Livermore, i nā pae o nā makahiki like ʻole ma ka palena ʻo San Joaquim ma Mckittrick ma San Pedro. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā Spimensia mai Kaleponi a me Mexico, a he ʻoi aku kona mau wāwae pihi ma mua o nā kikoʻī i loaʻa ma ke kikowaena a ʻāpana ʻāpana o United States (e pili ana iā B. Courten a me Anderson).
ʻO Canis dirus, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 15, he wolf nui ia, akā ua pili ia i 8% liʻiliʻi ʻia ma mua o ka wolf o ka nahele nui i ʻike i kēia lā ma Northern Alberta (Canada). Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā dirika Canis ma mua o nā ʻīlio pua, aia i kēia lā ma nā wahi hema o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ke ʻano a me nā ʻano maʻamau o nā ʻīlio ola a me nā lula, e like me kekahi. He nui ke poʻo koʻikoʻi nui ʻo Canis dirus, he puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, nā niho nui, kahi scapula nui a me kahi pelvis. Ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kāna mau niho ikaika a me kāna mau iwi e haehae i nā mea nui a me ka wāwahi i nā iwi nui. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka wolf kupaianaha. ʻO nāʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wolf weliweli a me kēia mau lā (C. lupus) i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mua a me nā wāwae lima a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā limu ponoʻī iā lākou iho. Loaʻa i nā wāwae mua mua o Canis dirus ma mua o nā wāwae hind. ʻO nā wāwae liʻiliʻi loa (ʻoi aku paha nā wāwae o ka wolf weliweli i ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka wolf o ka ʻenekema hou (i.e., ʻo ka wahine a me ka humerusus o ka wolf weliweli, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka ulnar a me tibia he pōkole. Hōʻike kēia ʻaʻole i ka wikiwiki o ka wolf i like wikiwiki ʻia me ka wolf o ka lā hou.
Paʻi ʻia i nā ʻano hana o kēia mau mea, ua ʻike ʻo Merriam (1912) i mālama ʻia ke poʻo (ʻo kona nui a me kona ʻano e hōʻike ai i kēia) a pono no ka holoholona i hoʻohana pinepine ia e huki i nā kupapaʻu. Nui ka helu o ka wolf weliweli i ʻike ʻia ma La Brea e hōʻike ana i nā ʻīlio i ʻākoakoa i mau ʻeke e pepehi ai i nā ʻekekēne a me nā hū ʻole. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no ka ʻōpio a me nā mea ʻeha, hiki ke kāpī ʻia i kā lākou bipi a i kā lākou hui, e lilo ana i mea kūlohelohe o nā ʻīlio weliweli. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā pākeke, nā holoholona olakino ke lilo i mau ʻaila no ka hoʻouka ʻana o kekahi mau mea kahakaha ikaika.
E like me ka tiger sabot-toothed, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o nā iwi o nā ʻīlio weliweli e komo ana i nā specimens me fractures a me anomalies i ka ulu iwi. ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili ma muli o nā hōʻeha. Loaʻa ʻia kekahi o nā ʻeha i nā ʻolua palu ma ke kumu o ka pupuhi i ke poʻo a me nā pū a nā ʻūhā mua e ʻike ʻia ana nā ʻulopeke ola, a ua loaʻa ʻia i ka wā mālama. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo nā hōʻeha ʻokoʻa i loaʻa e ka wolf weliweli i ʻokoʻa like me nā manamana smilodon maʻamau (e hōʻike ana i kēia ʻano hana like ʻole o ka hopu). Ma ka wīwī weliweli a ka poʻe welo he kumu nui o ka ʻāpana Los Angeles i ka manawa o ka hopena ma hope o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o ka punahele Pleistocene. - E ʻike ia Rancho La Brea. Kekahi mooolelo o ka ola pleistocene ma Kaleponi e Chester Stock Helu 37. ʻ serieslelo Science hana kūlohelohe o ke Kulanui o Los Angeles County.
Nā Koho:
ʻO ka wolf weliweli he holoholona hoihoi maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole maopopo i kāna phylogeny. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina genetic hou i nā hemahema ma waena o C. dirus a me C. lupus, ʻaʻole nui loa. ʻO ka w ʻī weliweli ʻaʻole ia ke kupuna o ka wolf hou. Pili kona hoʻopau ʻana me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka megafauna. Hāpai ka nānā nui i ke poʻo nui a me nā niho o kēia predator. ʻO ka pale ʻana o kahi ʻīlio weliweli ma ka awelika 20% ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o kahi ʻana i kahi wīwī o ka wolf hou (62 specimens). ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻīlio weliweli loa ʻaʻole ia he kanaka nui, a i ka nui o ka nui e like me nā subspecies nui loa o C. lupus. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Alroy i ka paona kaulike o kahi wolf weliweli ma 63 kg. Ma lalo iho, no ka hoʻohālikelike, hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻike pōkole o nā morphometry o ka wolf, e hāʻawi ana i kekahi manaʻo no ka ʻano o ka ʻano kikoʻī, kahi moʻomeheu pilikino, a me ka ʻano like o C. lupus.
Geptner V.G., Sludsky A.A.
ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio: no ka Saratov wahi, wolf e kau ana i ka 62.4 kg e hōʻike ʻia (e pili ana iā Ognev), he kāne kaupaona ʻo 76 kg i kaulana no nā ʻāpana o Moscow (ʻo ia ka nui o nā holoholona he 250 i pepehi ʻia e ka wolf kaulana V.M. Hartuleri (ʻike iā Geptner a me Morozova -Turova), no Altai - ke kāne kau kaupaona 92 kg (ʻike i Afanasyev) Ma loko o ka hale moʻomeheu zoological o Moscow State University aia kahi ʻilikai o ka wili o ka Lūkini Ma waena o ke kaupaona ʻana, he 80,000 ka nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Vladimir, mai loko o 641 mau ʻīlio pio i hopu ai i ka makahiki 1951-1963, 3 wale nō e piʻi. 70 kg (70, 76.3, 79 kg) ʻO nā kāne liʻiliʻi loa e kaupaona ana i 32-36 kg. Ma ke kākana o Oksky a me nā wahi kokoke. ʻO nā holoholona kūpono maoli he 500, ʻo 3 mau kāne wale nō ka kaumaha ma mua o 50 kg. Ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne he 140 cm (awelika 119 cm). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻūlū manuahi nui o nā kāne mai Belovezhskaya Pushcha he 275 mm (awelika - 256 mm), ka lōʻihi o ka condylobasal 253 a me 237 mm ʻona. ʻO nā kiʻina o nā ʻīlio polar (C. l. albus): ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻūhā nui loa i nā kāne a hiki i ka 288.3 mm (ka average - 267 mm), i nā wahine - 261 a 251 mm, i kēlā me kēia. 7 mm (awelika - 146.9 mm), i nā wahine - a hiki i 142 (awelika 137). Ma waena o nā ʻīlio polarika ʻaʻohe manō ma luna o 70 kg, akā ʻaʻole mau kini nā holoholona ma mua o 50 kg. ʻO ka nui o ke kino poli: no nā kāne, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka loa o ke kino he 146 cm, he 48 cm (ʻo nā helu he 127.7 a me 44,4 cm) no nā wahine ka lōʻihi o ke kino lōʻihi he 129 cm (awelika 121.3 cm).
Suvorov A. Nā Mālama o Evenkia // Holo a me ka Holoi, 2003. ʻAe 8. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻīlio hihiu i kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 60 kg he mea ʻole ia no Evenkia. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻōpū ma 75 kg i ka wahi o ka muliwai. Vanavara, i ka muliwai kahawai o Ilimpei, Uchiami, Kimchi. Ua mined ʻo nā wolves i nā makahiki he 80: i ka ʻauʻau wai. Camo - 96 kg, ma ka ʻāina o Ekonda - 97 kg. Loaʻa ka ʻīlio keu nui loa i ka 1999 i loko o ke kahe wai. ʻO Taimyr, ʻo kona paona ka -118 kg (ke kaupaona ʻana a me ka uku ʻana e lawe pono ʻia ai e ke poʻo o ke keʻena manu manuahi manuahi.
E nānā i ka mea "The Terrible Wolf" aia i loko o nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe.
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ʻOhana ʻohana - (Cervidae) * * Reindeer (Cervidae) kekahi o nā ʻohana nui o nā puʻupaʻu nui loa o ka poʻe puʻukū, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ke kaohi ma hope o nā hale kākela. Hoʻohui iā 4 6 subfamilies, 14 genera a ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano hou. ʻO ka puka mua mua i puka mai ma ... ... Animal Life
ʻO keʻano
He mau holoholona nui a ikaika lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻīlio maʻamau. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka saga holoʻokoʻa, ʻehiku wale nō mau direwolves: ʻike ʻia ʻo ka wīwī kahiko, ua make me ka pūliki kanalima ma kona ʻāʻī, a me nā pēpē ʻeono mai kāna litter: Grey Wind, Lady, Nimeria, Summer, Shaggy Dog a me Ghost. ʻO kēia mau kīwī, i hana ʻia ma ka hale o nā kānaka ma hope o nā ʻīlio, he hana like ʻole ko ka ʻīlio, ʻoiai ʻo Nimeria lāua ʻo Leto ma hope i hui pū me nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlio maʻamau ʻole e loaʻa ka pilikia.
ʻO ka manawa hope loa i hālāwai ai kekahi wīwī ma ka hema o ka Pōhaku ʻelua haneli mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moʻolelo moʻolelo o nā puke. Loaʻa paha, he waiwai paha ka heluna o nā hardwolves ma nā ʻāina o ka Zasteniya - a me kekahi mea, ʻaʻole loaʻa ka hopena iā Summer a me ka Phantom i kā lākou ʻano like ma hope o ka Puhi. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Benjaminen Stark ua lohe pinepine ʻo ia i ka uwē ʻana o nā hardwolves i nā manawa ʻano. ʻIke pū ʻo Jior Mormont me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma ka wahie ma waho o ka pā i loaʻa i nā hulu manu. Wahi a Rousse Bolton, i ka wā kahiko, ua kīkī ʻia ʻo Northwolves ma ʻĀkau i nā holoholona he nui, a hiki i nā haneli he nui a keu paha, ʻaʻole lākou makaʻu i kekahi poʻe a me ka momi paha. Wahi a Old Nan, ʻo nā maka o ka lūlū lōʻihi he mau ʻili a he polū nā direwolves.
ʻO ka ulu nui o ka ʻōpio ka lupus-wolves e loaʻa koke i nā ʻīlio maʻamau i ka ulu, a ʻo nā lute-lobo makua ka pākeke e pili ana i ka nui o kahi ʻīlio a a ʻelua hoʻi i ko ka nui o ka ʻīlio nui. Hiki i kahi ʻekeʻekewā ke maʻalahi ke hopu i ka lima o ke kāne, e like me ka ʻīlio ʻōwili i ka iole. Ke kūʻē kū nei i ka wolfwolf e kūʻē i kona hoa ʻeha me kona umauma a hoʻokau iā ia i lalo, ʻo lākou ka mea mua loa, ʻo ka mana o ka ʻehā a i ʻole nā wāwae ʻehā, e hoʻāʻo e hōʻeha i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻenemi, a laila e ʻāʻohi i ka ʻāʻī a hoʻokuʻu paha i nā ʻāpana. ʻO Wind Wind, ʻo ka ʻīlio ikaika a Robb Stark, hapalua o nā ʻenemi ʻenemi i ʻai ma ke kaua ma ka Whispering Forest, a ma ke kahua o ka huakaʻi, hoʻāla aʻela ʻo ia i hoʻokahi lio a me nā pūʻali Lannister ʻehā. He mau mea ʻino maikaʻi loa kēia: e like me Merrett Frey, ʻo ka wolfwolf, i ka manawa i hele mai ai nā luna kia o Frey e pepehi iā ia, make ʻehā mau ʻulāʻau ʻāwili a ʻoki ʻia i ka lima o kona haku ma luna o ka kennel, ʻoiai ua hou ʻia ʻo ia me nā pua mai nā pua. Ua manaʻo ʻo John Snow no ka piʻi ʻana o Phantom, i loko o nā ululāʻau hema o ka Pahu, ʻaʻohe holoholona he mea hiki ke weliweli no kahi wīwī, ke ʻole ka hoʻoholo ʻana ʻo Phantom e hoʻohenehene i ka bear. ʻO ʻElua mau makahiki ʻelua ke hele ʻana ka hālāwai me nā ʻīlio makua he ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka hapa ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hapa a me ka hapa hapa ma mua o ke alakaʻi.
He poʻo poepoe ia a ka lutewolf a me kahi muzzle anuanu, protruding ma mua o kahi wolf maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae me ka mahalo. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau o ka hūnā ʻana i kahi pale paʻakikī, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻo ka ʻUhane wale nō ia o ka hardbolf albino. Aia kahi ʻōlelo kūleʻa ʻo Fiercewolves e like me ka ʻeke mākeke. E like me nā mea wili he nui, aia ka mau lutewolves i nā maka heʻele. Ma kahi huhū huhū a makaʻu ʻole paha, e kū ana ka hulu ma ka ʻili o kona ʻāʻī. ʻOi aku ka lohe, a me ka hoʻolohe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hardwolves ma mua o ke kanaka. Lā makemake ʻo Lutovolki i ka pāʻani ola, ʻoiai ua ʻai lākou i ke kāula.
Kau makaʻu nā ʻīlio a me nā lio i nā hardwolves, nā lio i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā holoholona e hāʻule i ka panic a hoʻomaka i ka hilahila a me ka ʻili. Ua hoʻomaka ke kaua ʻo Oxcross me Robb Stark e hoʻomaka ana i ka makani Keleke i loko o ka pale me nā lio Lannister, a ma hope o ka holo lio i holo aku ai i kahi hoʻomoana, me ka hehi ʻana i ka poʻe hiamoe i ka pololei o nā hale. ʻO nā ʻīlio hihiu, e ʻike ana iā Phantom, ʻo kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā a me ka ʻūʻū a me ke kani ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻīlio nui loa o kekahi o nā kahua kaʻa i hoʻāʻo e hoʻouka i ka mea hoʻohālua nui mai hope mai, akā ua hoʻolei ʻia ʻo hope me kahi ʻāʻī. He mau maʻamau nā luko maʻamau me ka wōwīwī maʻamau, maopopo iā lākou kēlā me kēia maikaʻi - no laila, ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo kauwela ʻelua ma kahi o nā ʻīlio maʻamau, a hoʻomaopopo koke ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻenemi lanakila. ʻO ka lua o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi i hāʻule ʻia he hōʻailona o ka lanakila. ʻAʻole i hui pū ʻo Nimeria me nā ʻulepule maʻamau mai ka Waiwai o ke Kaiulani, akā ua alakaʻi i kahi ʻohana nui - ʻo Dermot mai ka Rainy Forest, ka mea e ʻimi nei iā Brinden Tully ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻĀkau o Red Jag, ua hōʻoia ka nui o nā ʻīlio he nui, a me nā wolf nunui o ka lehulehu nui i alakaʻi. Ua alakaʻi pū ʻia ke kauwela i kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻulā o Waramir.
Ma luna o ke kāhiko o Starks kahi lyutovolk hina e holo ana ma ke kahua keʻokeʻo. Ma ka lōkōkē o Winterfell, ma kahi kokoke i nā kiʻi o nā haku i kanu ʻia ma laila, aia ke ʻano mehameha o nā puʻu manu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka noho aliʻi o ka Mōʻī o ka ʻākau i loko o ka hale aliʻi nui o Winterfell i nā poʻo i kālai ʻia i nā kālai lāʻau ma kahi o nā pale.
I loko o nā moʻolelo o nā mea'ē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua holo lākou i nā make make, e like me nā holoholona make. Ke keiki o ka Forest Leaflet i ola ʻo nā direwolves ola i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe - nā keiki o ka Forest, ʻo lākou nā poʻe nunui, nā mammota, nā leona a me nā ʻalāhi - akā e hiki mai kā lākou huaʻōlelo, no ka mea ʻaʻohe wahi o ka honua e noho ʻia e nā kānaka.
Kukulu
ʻO Dire Wolf (Latin Canis dirus, kahi wolf weliweli ʻo Lūkia) - he holoholona i noho maoli i ka honua ma kā mākou honua ma ka manawa hope o Pleistocene ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOiai, e like me nā ʻīlio hihiu hou, ua ʻimi kēia mau holoholona i nā pūʻulu o 30 a hoʻokahi kanaka. Hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā lio a me nā bison, i kekahi manawa he mastodons a me nā ahupuaʻa nunui. ʻO ka nele o ka meaʻai a me ka hiki ʻole ke kū i ka hoʻokūkū me ka nui o ka lūlū a me nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia nā kumu o ka hānai. Ужасные волки имели чуть более короткие, но крепкие лапы в сравнении с туловищем, имели более выраженную челюсть и более длинные зубы, чем современные серые волки, мозг был несколько меньше. Туловище в среднем достигало длины в 150 см, вес — от 50 до 80 кг.He pīhoihoi ia i loaʻa i nā ʻīlio weliweli he nui ka dimorphism - ʻo nā wahine i like like nā kāne, ua like lākou i ka like like o nā iwi a me nā niho.
ʻO ka Central Russian Forest Wolf, kekahi o nā ʻīlio nunui ma ka ʻAmelika Eurenia, ma ke ʻano he 40-45 kg ka lōʻihi a hiki i hoʻokahi mika, akā naʻe, i ka mōʻaukala, loaʻa nā hihia o ka ʻaʻe ʻana o nā ʻīlio a i ka 80 kilograma ke lōʻihi o ke kiʻekiʻe o 160 cm, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻīlio weliweli.
Kuhikuhina
Ke hoʻohana nei kēia ʻaoʻao i nā ʻike ʻ sectionlelo Wikipedia ma Lūkini. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ka ʻatikala puka ma: Terrible Wolf. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi papa inoa o nā mea kākau kū mua i ka ʻatikala mōʻaukala loiloi. ^ E Ha yM. Aia kēia ʻatikala, e like me ka ʻatikala i kau ʻia ma Wikipedia, aia i lalo o ka ʻōlelo o CC-BY-SA.
Kāhea
ʻAʻole nō iʻoi aku ka hapalua, ʻoi aku lākou (lyutovolki) ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wolf, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ke ʻike. Ua pōkole ke poʻo o ka lyutovolka, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, a ua hele mua i mua o ka muzzle. Kekahi mea manawaleʻa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ʻo ia ma ka nahele nahele ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo hau. ʻO ke pāʻani o nā noho aliʻi, Bran V
ʻ seemedʻeleʻele nā maka ʻulaʻula o ka direwolf ma mua o nā grenades, a ua manaʻo lākou i ka naʻauao i loaʻa i ke kanaka. Pāʻani o nā noho aliʻi, John VIII