ʻO ka roe deer European, a i ʻole roe deer (lat. Capreolus capreolus) ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau a ʻo ka mea ʻilikai paha o ka ʻohana Cervidae ma ʻEulopa. He holoholona maikaʻi loa kēia me ka makau, no laila ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia e ka ʻula e like me ka mea o ka hopu. Holoau iā ia me nā ʻīlio ʻaʻole hiki ʻole i ka hiki.

Ua loaʻa i nā kamaʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa ka kuleana e pana iā ia i ka hapa lua o ka kenekulia 19 wale nō. Mai ia wā mai, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kī nui no nā mea hopu.

I ka 1923, ua kākau ka mea kākau Austrian ʻo Felix Salten i ka puke Bambi. Koi mau ʻōlelo mai ka ululāʻau e pili ana i ke ola o ke keiki kāne kāne. I ka makahiki 1942, ua hoʻopau ʻo Walt Disney i ka hana me ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Bambi, no ia mea, no nā kumu politika, ua lilo ka protagonist i ke kāula Virginia kahi ʻulaʻula (Odocoileus virginianus) e noho nei ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a ʻoi aku ka kaulana o nā poʻe ʻAmelika.

Kālā

Aia ka wahi i noho ʻia ma ka palena o aneane a pau ʻo ʻEulopa a me kekahi hapa ʻo Asia Minor. ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia nā kahe ʻōiwi ʻehā iā ʻElila me nā mokupuni ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana. I loko o Helene, mālama wale ʻia kona lehulehu i ka ʻĀpana National Olympus, ma ka Chalkidon Peninsula a me nā mokupuni e pili kokoke ana iā ia.

Ma Asia, ua noho ka ua ma ka ʻIseraʻela, Iran, ʻĀkau o Suria a me Iraq. Ua hele ka palena hikina ma ka palena ma waena o Ukraine a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Rūsia. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, hiki i ka laulima ke palena ʻia i ka 65 ° kūkulu ʻākau.

Noho ka kaʻi ʻōlulu Pake i nā nahele nahele, nā kihi a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka nahele, ma nā wahi nahele, deltas a me nā awāwa o nā muliwai e hoʻohuli ana i nā ʻano ulu lāʻau. I ka makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu nui lākou ma nā ʻāina mahiai. Ma ke kuahiwi, ʻike ʻia nā puʻupaʻa ma ka palena o nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻāpana alpine i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2400 m ma luna o ke kai.

Ua kuhi ʻia ka heluna o nā heluna he 15 miliona mau poʻo.

I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia 5 subspecies. ʻO Roe kekahi kaikuahine tuahine o Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus).

ʻAno lawehala

ʻO ka ʻeuʻeu ma ka Pākīlila mai ka hopena o ka hopena o ke kime e noho i loko o nā pipi o nā poʻe he nui ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka wahine akamai. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka lākou e hāʻule i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi.

Noho wale nō nā kāne makua ke komo pū ʻana i nā hui o nā wahine i ka wā ʻohi. He ʻāina hoʻopuni a lākou i ka ʻāina o lākou. Ua hōʻailona ʻia nā palena o ka wahi i noho ʻia me nā urine a me nā mea huna o ka maka nani ʻona ma ka maka. Hiki i kona wahi ke hiki aku i ka he 33 eka.

Loaʻa i nā holoholona kahi hoʻolohe leo maikaʻi. Pane lākou i nā rustlings hiki i ka kānalua ma kahi mamao a hiki i 800 m.

Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i ka pōpilikia liʻiliʻi loa i ka hāmama, kahe koke ka kahe i ka 400-500 m. Holo aku nei, hiki lākou i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 60 km / h. Ma ka holo, hoʻohiki lākou i ka manawa maʻamau i ka lōʻihi o 5-7 a lōʻihi a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe.

Loaʻa ka hopena o ka hana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. No kēia ʻano, loaʻa ka ʻano maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa i nā holoholona nā kahu ʻai, hānai a hoʻomaha no nā hola 2-3. A laila, hana hou ka hana pae. Hoʻohana ka nui o ka manawa i ka hoʻomaha a me ka ʻaamu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Mamuli i nā kūlana o ke ao a me nā manawa, e loli mau ana ka lewa.

E holo maikaʻi ʻo ka ʻelele manuʻEulopa a inā hiki, inā pono e hele i nā waʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kaʻe.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

ʻO Capreolus Capreolus no nā kaina Artiodactyls, family Reindeer, subfamily Roe. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā kahe de European i loko o hoʻokahi subfamily me ʻAmerika a me kahi kanaka maoli. Aia kekahi mau māka ʻelua o kēia subfamili ma ke kāhea o ka Lūkini Lūkini: ʻEleʻaleʻa manuahi ʻEulopa a me Siberian roe deer. ʻO ka mua ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano ʻano.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo ponoʻī mai ka ʻōlelo Latin capra - kao. No laila, ʻo ka inoa ʻelua o ka kao kāne ma waena o nā kānaka, he kao holoholona hihiu. Ma muli o kona wahi ākea, he nui nā subspecies o ʻEulopa e noho ana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa: kahi ʻāpana i loko o Italia a me nā ʻāpana i loko o ke kūkulu hema ʻo Sepania, a me ka nui o ka hoki roe ma Caucasus.

Vitio: ʻAlau Roe Deer

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻāina o ka hoʻokele roe deer moʻolelo ma ka manawa Neogene. ʻO nā kānaka pilikino e pili kokoke ana i nā ʻano kuʻuna i hoʻopiha i nā ʻāina o ke komohana a me ka waena o ʻEulopa, a me kekahi hapa o Asia. I ka wā o ka Quaternary a me ka hoʻōho o nā glacier, hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala lāʻau artiodactyl i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā wahi hou a hiki ma Scandinavia a me ka Lāpule o Rūsia.

A hiki i ka ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua like mau ka noho ʻana. Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui, hoʻomaka ka nui o nā ʻano o ka ʻano i loko, a ʻo ka laulā, no laila, i hana pū kekahi mau wahi noho. I nā makahiki 60-80s o ka iwakāluakūmākahi, ma muli o ka paʻa o nā hana pale, hoʻomaka hou ka nui o nā kahe nui.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

He ʻele liʻiliʻi ke kanaka ʻōlule, ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua kāne (male) hiki i 32 kg, ulu a hiki i 127 cm, ma kahi maloʻo a hiki i ka 82 cm (hilinaʻi i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, e lawe ai i 3/5). E like me nā holoholona holoholona he nui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i kahi kino lōʻihi, ʻo ke kua o ke kua ʻoi aku i ko mua. Hoʻopau ʻia nā pepeiao, kuhikuhi.

Liʻiliʻi ka huʻu, a hiki i 3 cm lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine mai lalo o ka hulu. Ma lalo o ka huelo he caudal disk a i ʻole he "ʻōwili" mālamalama, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻike pinepine. E kōkua ana kahi wahi mālamalama i ka deer roe i ka manawa pōpilikia, he ʻano hoʻohālikelike no ke koena o ka bipi.

Kūpaʻa ke kala o ke kapa i ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, heʻeleʻele ia - he mau aniani kēia mai ka hina me ka brownish-brown. I ke kauwela, hiki i ke kala ke kala i ke anuanu a me ka melemele-cream. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā tonality o ke kino a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka kala o nā kāne i hele aku e like me ka ʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wahine.

ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu, maʻa hope ma hope o ke alo. Ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, ʻelua mau wāwae o nā hoove (e like me ka inoa o ka i kēia). Hoʻopili ʻia nā lole o nā māka wahine o nā ʻano me nā lepa kūikawā. Ma ka wa waena o ke kauwela, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonani i kahi mea huna kūikawā e hoʻomaopopo ai i ke kāne no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka rut.

Loaʻa wale nā ​​kāne. Ua hiki lākou i 30 cm ka loa, me kahi lōʻihi a hiki i 15 cm, e kokoke pū me ke kumu, e kuʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke mele, i kūpaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia nā pepeiao i nā pahu o ka hā o ka malama o ka hānau ʻana, a hoʻomohala piha ʻia i nā makahiki ʻekolu. ʻAʻohe o ka wahine wahine nā pū.

ʻO nā hoʻoilo a pau (mai ʻOkakopa a Dekemaba), kau ka lepo i ko lākou mau pū. E ulu iki lākou i ka puna (a hiki i ka hopena o Mei). I kēia manawa, pale aku nā kāne iā lākou i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. No laila, hōʻailona lākou i kā lākou ʻāina a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i nā koena o ka ʻili mai nā pu.

I kekahi poʻe, loaʻa nā ʻōnohu pono ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou i puhi ʻia, e like me ka pūlima o nā kao, hele pololei kēlā pūlohi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā mau kāne i kekahi mau ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. I ka wā e hoʻokūkū ai no ka ʻāina, ua hiki i kēia pu ka pā i ka hoa paio a e hōʻeha iā ia.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā kahe ʻōiwi ʻEulopa?

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

Noho ʻo Capreolus сapreolus ma nā ʻāina o ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa, ʻo Rūsia (kahi Caucasus), a me nā ʻāina o ka Middle East:

ʻO kēia ʻano manuahi e koho i nā wahi waiwai i nā lau nahele nui, nā nahele nahele, nā ʻalā a me nā wahi o ka nahele nahele. Noho ma nā ululāʻau poʻomanaʻo a me nā kāwili, nā alahele-ala lāʻau. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā nahele coniferous ma ke alo o ka undergrowth o deciduous type. Komo ia i nā ʻanuʻu kapu. Akā ma ke kahua o nā paepae a me nā semi-deses ʻaʻole e ola.

ʻO ka hapa pinepine loa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 200-600 m ma luna o ke kai, akā i kekahi manawa aia i loko o nā kuahiwi (alpine meadows). Hiki ke ʻike i ka manu anuʻu ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi kanaka i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi aia kahi nahele e kokoke ana. Ma laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i kahi pilikia a hoʻomaha ʻole.

Hoʻonui ka awelika nui o nā holoholona i loko o ke kuahiwi mai ka ʻākau a i ke kūkulu hema, e hoʻonui ana i ke kahe o nā wao deciduous. Ke koho ʻana i kahi wahi, e kālele ʻia ka roe deer ma ka loaʻa a me nā ʻanoʻai o nā meaʻai, a me nā wahi e hūnā ai. Kūpono maoli kēia i nā kula ākea a me nā plots i kokoke i nā wahi kanaka.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ʻEulopa?

ʻO ke kiʻi: European Roe Deer ma Kalani

I ka lā, ʻokoʻa ka hana o nā artiodactyls. Hoʻololi ʻia nā manawa neʻe a loaʻa ke ʻai i nā meaʻai me nā manawa kika i ka ʻai i loaʻa a hoʻomaha. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lā kuʻi i kēlā me kēia lā i ka neʻe o ka lā. ʻO ka hana nui loa e ʻike ʻia i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

Nui nā mea e hoʻokani i ka hana a me ke kani o ke ola o ke kaiāulu.

• ke kūlana ola
• palekana
• kokoke i nā wahi noho o ka poʻe,
• manawa,
• ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i ke ao.

ʻO ka Roe deer ka mea e hana pinepine i ka pō a me ke kauwela, a i ka hoʻoilo i ke kakahiaka. Akā inā palpable ka mua o kahi e kokoke mai ana, e hele aku nā holoholona e hānai i ka pō a i ka pō. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻai a me ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka meaʻai a kokoke i ke ala piha o ka artiodactyls (a hiki i 16 mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā).

I nā lā wela o ke kauwela, he nui ka nui o ka ʻai e ʻai ai, a ma nā lā a me ka hoʻoilo i ka lā hoʻoilo, ma ke ʻano he, e hoʻonui aʻe. I ka wā hoʻoili, hoʻomākaukau ka holoholona i ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa ke kaumaha a mālama i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka meaʻai me nā mauʻu, nā ʻalā a me nā huaʻai, acorns. I ka hoʻoilo, ua maloʻo nā lau a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.

Ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai, i nā mahina ʻoi loa, ke holo ponoʻe nei nā kahe dee kokoke i nā hale a me nā mahina ʻai o kahi kanaka e ʻimi ana i ke koena o nā hua ʻai i koe ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻAe ʻole lākou e ʻai i ka mea kanu āpau ponoʻī, maʻa pinepine lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau. Loaʻa ka likile mai nā meaʻai a me nā uhi o ka hau. I kekahi manawa inu lākou i ka wai mai nā kumu - e loaʻa ai nā minuke.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

He holoholona kauā ʻōpiopio ʻEulopa, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻike pinepine ʻia kāna ʻano kahuhina. Ma ko lākou ʻano, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka roe deer e noho hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili ke kanaka i kahi pūʻulu a neʻe i nā wahi heʻe liʻiliʻi loa. I ke kauwela, hoʻohemo ka hele hou i nā ʻano momona waiwā, a laila haki ka pipi.

I ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole pili nā mākaoa i ka hele, akā ua hele ka neʻe ʻana i nā kuahiwi. Ma kahi mau wahi o Lūkia, ka lōʻihi o ka mamao o ka nomad ka 200 km. I ka manawa mahana, e noho ana nā mea liʻiliʻi ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi: nā wahine me nā ʻōpio, nā kāne kāne hīmeni, i kekahi manawa i loko o kahi pūʻulu a ʻekolu mau kānaka.

I ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka ka hakakā kāne kāne no ke kaua no ke kuʻuna, a no ka mea ke hoʻokuke ʻia ka hoʻokūkū, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ke haku mau i ka ʻāina. Inā loaʻa ka ʻāina i nā kūlana kūpono, e hoʻomau nā koi o nā mea hoʻokūkū. No laila, pale ikaika ka male i ko lākou ʻāina, e hōʻailona iā ia me kahi mea huna huna kūikawā.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahua o nā wahine, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻohi e pale i ke kaona ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. Ma ka hopena o ka hopena o hope, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, a hiki i ka 30 mau pahuhopu ua hui pū ʻia. I ka heleʻana, hoʻonui ka nui o nā pipi i nā manawa 3-4. I ka pau ʻana o ka hele ʻana, e uhai ka pipi, e kū ana kēia i ke waena o ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻōpiopio.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

Ma ka waenakonu o ke kauwela (Iulai-ʻAukake), hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana ʻōiwi Europa. Loaʻa ka mea i kū i ka makahiki i ke kolu o ka makahiki ʻehā o ke ola, ʻo nā wahine kekahi manawa ma mua (ma ka lua). Ma loko o kēia manawa, ʻano ikaika nā kāne, hōʻailona i ka ʻāina, ʻoliʻoli loa, hana i ke kani "barking".

Hoʻā pinepine pinepine ka hakakā ʻana i ka pale i ke kūkaʻi a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi i hōʻeha pinepine i ka ʻenemi. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻolilo ʻo Roe - e lawe i kekahi o nā wahi, e hoʻi lākou i kēia makahiki i ka makahiki aʻe. Loaʻa i ka ʻāina o ka kāne nā ʻāpana he nui o ka hānau ʻana, nā wahine hānai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e lākou.

Reindeer he polygamous a pinepine e kanu i ka wahine, hele aku ke kāne i kekahi. I ka wā o ka huki, ʻaʻole nā ​​kāne a pau i nā kāne, akā i ka wahine ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia nā mea pāʻani i kapa ʻia, i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai ke kāne i ka wahine me kāna ʻano.

ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka intrauterine o nā pahu he 9 mau mahina. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka latent: ma hope o ke kuhi ʻana, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ka ovum i 4 mau mahina, a ʻo ka manawa hoʻolālā (mai Dekemaba a hiki i Mei). ʻO nā wahine wahine i makemake ʻole i ke kauwela a lūlū ʻia i ka lā Dekemaba. I kēlā mau kanaka, ua hala a hala ka wā latino a hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi fetal.

Noho ʻo ka wahine helu 5.5 mau mahina. Hoʻokahi wahine hoʻokahi i 2 mau pākahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, nā ʻōpiopio'ōpiopio -1, hiki i nā pākeke ke hali i nā 3-4 cubs. ʻAʻohe mea holookoa ʻōleʻa hou, moe lākou i ka hūnā ma ka mauʻu a inā he pilikia lākou ʻaʻole e hāhai. Hoʻomaka lākou e nānā i ko lākou makuahine i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hānau ka wahine i nā hua waiū a hiki i ka 3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.

Hoʻomaopopo koke nā keiki a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hele ʻana, lohi iki lākou i ka meaʻai hou - mauʻu. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi mahina, ʻo ka hapalua o kā lākou ʻai ka mea kanu. I ka hānau hānau ʻana, he lei kala ke ʻano o ka lā.

Ua kamaʻilio nā holoholona me kekahi ma ke ʻano like ʻole:

• haki: sebaceous a me nā pulupulu ʻoluʻolu, me ke kōkua o lākou kāne e hōʻailona i ka ʻāina.
• kani: kani nā kāne i nā leo kikoʻī i ka wā hana, e like me ka hele ʻana. Ke hoʻopuka nei ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā pahu i ka pōʻino
• neʻe ʻana ke kino. Kekahi mau kūlana no ka holoholona e noho ana i ka wā pōʻino.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka European roe deer

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

ʻO ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi no ka kaʻe ʻōuli ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio polū, nā ʻīlio hewa. ʻO ka Artiodactyl ka mea i maʻalahi loa i ka hoʻoilo, aemaise hoʻi i ka wā hoʻoilo. Nolo ʻo Nast ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi o ka dee ʻōiwi a neʻe wikiwiki ʻo ia, akā aia ka wolf ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hau a lele wikiwiki i ka mea āna e hopu ai.

Loaʻa nā poʻe ʻōpiopio i ka mea i nā ʻalopeke, nā lynxes, martens. Hoʻokomo pū i kahi hui, ʻike nui ka roe deer e loaʻa ʻole e nā poʻe wānana. I ka wā e hōʻike ai kekahi holoholona i kahi alarm, hoʻohanu ka hoʻomaha a hui pū ʻia i loko o ka ahu. Inā holo ka holoholona hoʻokahi, ʻike ʻia kāna pā caudal ("ka nānā"), kahi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ke holo nei, hiki i ka roe deer ka lele a hiki i 7 m ka lōʻihi, a me 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka wikiwiki o 60 km / h. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka holo o ka ʻimi holoʻokoʻa, e hele ana i kahi mamao o 400 m ma kahi ākea a me 100 m ma ka ulu lāʻau, hoʻomaka lākou e holo i nā pōkā, nā puni kikowaena. I ka hoʻoilo nui a me nā hau hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka holoholona i ka ʻai a make i ka pōloli.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Whakaahua: The Roe Deer

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka roe roe deer he mau ʻauhau ʻikepili o ka liʻiliʻi loa e pau. Ua hana ʻia kēia i nā hana i hana ʻia i loko o nā makahiki i hala e pale aku ai i nā ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma mua o 25-40 mau holoholona ma kahi o 1000 ha. Ma muli o ka fecundity nui, hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi i kāna helu ponoʻī iā ia, no laila, e piʻi nui ana.

ʻO Capreolus Capreolus ka mea i kūpono loa ʻia, mai ka ʻohana Deer holoʻokoʻa, i nā loli anthropogen. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wā o ka ʻāina mahiai, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Ma ka pilina me ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ko lākou ola.

Ma ka'āina o ʻEulopa a me Rūsia, ua nui loa ka nui o ka lehulehu, akā ma kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Middle East (Syria) liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka lehulehu a koi aku i ka pale. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sicily, ʻo Israel a me Lebanona, ua pau loa kēia ʻano. Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka maʻamau o ke ola he 12 mau makahiki. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i nā artiodactyls ke ola i 19 mau makahiki.

Me ka ulu wikiwiki e hoʻokele ai ka lehulehu. Ma nā wahi i hoʻonui ʻia e ka roe deer, he maʻi nui loa lākou. Ma muli o kā lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui, ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻohana deera he mea nui koʻikoʻi nui kūloko. Hana ʻia ka Suede mai ka ʻili, ʻo ka ʻiʻo he mea momona kiʻekiʻe-calorie.

Hemo pu - kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma nā ʻano kūʻai manuahi. I ke kūlohelohe, kiʻekiʻe kona lahui. Me kahi bipi nui ma kahi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā wahi āpau a me nā mea kanu.Loaʻa iā ia kahi waiwai koʻikoʻi nui (ma muli o kona nui) a hoʻonani i kona manaʻo me ka holoholona hihiu.

Nā koho ʻē aʻe:

Kaumakaiwa Hiona "

ʻO ka keʻena hana "Prirechnoe"

Kaumaka "Luck"

Ke kumu lawaiʻa "Volga Coast"

E Lime Makahola "Forest Fairy Tale"

Mokuloa "Windrose"

Ke kumu lawaiʻa "Valley"

Kanaana "Laguna"

Kalua

Kaukaha "Kaiahi"

Mokuloa "Oriole"

ʻO ka hale ʻōpiopio "Golden trout"

ʻO nā waihona lawaiʻa a me nā hui o ka māhele Saratov

ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Hare pepeiao"

Lawaiʻa "On Kalinikha"

Kikowaena punahele ʻo Chardym-Dubrava

ʻO ka Mahiai ʻo Vershinin Trout

ʻO ka puke pāʻālua "Expanse"

Kanaana Hut "Hut"

ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Manor" Mountain Air "

ʻO ka puke ʻoluʻolu "Metalist"

Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa "Foreland"

Kelepa waiwai ʻo "Big Tavolozhka"

Kaumaha Kelī "Berezina Rechka"

Hale Kūʻaiʻai "Kaʻi hale hale"

ʻO nā holoholona o ka māhele Saratov

ʻO ka ʻeka ʻōiwi Pākehā, ʻo ka roe deer, kao kao a i ʻole ka roe de lat (lat. Capreolus capreolus) he holoholona i kālai ʻia i ka ʻohana deer. Kuku manuahi liʻiliʻi me kahi kino pōkole, ʻo ke kua o ke kua ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke alo. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne ʻo 22-32 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 108-126 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā maloʻo he 66-81 cm (3/5 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino). Ua liʻiliʻi iki nā wahine, akā i ka laulā male kelepona ākea nāwaliwali. I ka hapalua mua o ka makahiki kenekulia 20, ua pālahalaha ka ʻoni o ka throughoutEulopa ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka mokuna Saratov; ua loaʻa ma ka ʻāina Volga ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. A laila, i ka waena o nā kenekulia hope, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Siberian roe C. pygargus i loko o kekahi mau mahiʻai hopu, ka mea kūleʻa a hoʻomaka e ulu. ʻOkoʻa nā ka nahele ʻōlio ʻEulopa ma ka ʻokoʻa Siberian hoʻokahi: he liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana like nā ʻano like ʻole i kēlā me kēia mau nohona, he like like nā like o ke kaiapuni, akā he ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka plastic Siberian roe deer de elike i ka wikiwiki o ka European i kekahi mai n its ia mea. Mai ka makahiki 1970, ua emi ka nui o ka nui o ka roe o ʻEulopa ma nā wahi.

ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka roe dee ʻEulopa, ʻoiai, i ka hapanui o ka mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻelua mai kēlā me kēia ma o nā hōʻailona ma waho, ʻaʻole ia ʻike ʻia kahi e noho ai ka ʻohana roe European. Ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina, i ka wā 12-15 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻokūkū o ka hui kanaka keu ʻEulopa ma nā wao nahele o Khvalynsky, ʻo Bazarno-Karabulaksky, Baltaysky, Yekaterinovsky, Volsky, a me nā moku ʻo Voskresensky. Loaʻa i nā nāhelehe kahawai o nā kahawai Medveditsa (nā moku Atkarsky a me Lysogorsky), Khopra (Rtishchevsky, Arkadaksky, nā wahi o Turkovsky), Volga (Marksovsky, Engelsky, nā wahi ʻo Voskresensky). Ma ka māhele ʻo Volga, loaʻa ʻole ka roe deer ma ka nahele o ke awāwa Bolshoi Irgiz kokoke i ka palena me ka ʻāina ʻo Samara, i loko o ka mokuʻāina ʻoihana ma waena o Kamenny Syrt a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema.

Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano i ka Red Book o ka māhele Saratov. Ke ʻano o ka pale: 4 - ʻano liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi a ʻilihune, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kona mau lahilahi. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano a me kona mau kumukanawai ma ka ʻāina Saratov i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia. No nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ua lele ka nui o nā mea ʻelua o ke ʻano manu ʻōiwi, he mau.55 mau manawa, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hapa o kēlā me kēia ʻano. Ma muli o ke kī ʻana i nā helu ma muli o ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻonui ʻia poaching, a me ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i nā hana biotechnological. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hana nui e ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio a hina a me nā hulu o ka hau, inā make nā poʻe nāwaliwali i ka hānai ʻole ʻana.

ʻO ka huelo he rimimentary a hiki i 3 cm lōʻihi, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia, huna ʻia ʻo ia i ka huluhulu o ka "aniani". ʻO ke poʻo o nā kao hihiu he pokole, pili i ka ihu. Eia nō naʻe, ua pālahalaha a kiʻekiʻe a i ke alo maka. Ma ke poʻo o nā kahe ʻōlele, aia nā pepeiao oval, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 12-14 cm. He nui nā maka o kēia mau holoholona, ​​a maikaʻi nā haumāna. Hiki i ka ʻelele ʻoi aku ke neʻe wikiwiki ma luna o nā ʻāina lepo ma muli o ko lākou mau wāwae lōʻihi a me ka oho, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wāwae mua ma mua o ke kua, ma muli o ke kua o ke kua i mua a ʻo ka sacrum e pili ana i 3 cm o luna aʻe o ka ʻōpala.

ʻO ke kapa o nā kao manuahi e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka wā a me ka makahiki. Ua uhi ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi me ka lauoho ulaula-ʻulaʻula me nā wahi keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke kapa o ka ʻāpana o ka pēpē me ke ʻano a ʻulaʻula a me ke kala i ka hoʻoilo a i ka hoʻoilo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka uhi o ka hoʻoilo he lauoho kaila 5-5.5 cm ka lōʻihi me kahi nui o nā ea ea, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. ʻO nā kāne wale nō ka mau pepeiao, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi lākou, ʻaʻole hoʻi eʻoi aku ma mua o 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūlima he 3 mau ʻōnaehana: ke alakaʻi nei i waenakonu, a 2 a i luna. Aia nā pepeiaohao e hoʻomaka i ka 4 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, a hoʻomohala wale i ka makahiki 3 wale nō. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā leʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻOkakopa - Kekemapa, mua e nā kāne kahiko, a laila e nā ʻōpio. Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā pepeiaohao hou ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o hoʻokahi mahina. Kahi ʻia nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne kahiko i ka nui piha o Malaki - ʻApelila, ʻApelila - Mei, ua hui pū ʻia nā pepeiaohao, a ʻāloʻi nā kāne i luna o nā ʻāpana a me nā lālā o nā lāʻau, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā koena o ka ʻili.

Aia nā aniani o ka hoʻokolohua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nā metatarsal, ʻike ʻia no ka ʻano ʻoniʻele o nā lauoho e ulu ana ma luna o lākou, ʻo nā kelepa infraorbital he rudimentary - nā wili liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka ʻili o ka ʻili e waiho mai iā lākou. ʻO ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, i nā kāne, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā pume sebaceous a me nā ʻōpū o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, me ke kōkua o kā lākou poʻe kāne huna huna e hōʻailona i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā manaʻo kuʻi, ka ulu nui o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe. ʻO ka nui o ka pūpū o nā pūlaki o ka ʻīlio ma mua o 90 cm2 (i loko o nā kānaka he 2,5 cm2 wale nō), ʻo ka nui o nā pūila olfactory he 300 miliona (i loko o nā kānaka he 30 miliona).

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me nā wahi momona loa, nā wahi ulu o ka nahele mālamalama, a me nā kahe nui me nā mea kanu a puni ka mauʻu a me nā kīhāpai, a i ke kauwela (nā kauwela) nā koʻo mauʻu i ulu mauʻu me nā pua lāʻau. Loaʻa ʻia ia i nā uku uku, i nā ululāʻau, i nā māka nui a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, i nā pali nui a me nā gullies. Hōʻalo i ka ulu lāʻau hoʻomau mau, mālama i nā ʻaoʻao a me waho. Hoʻomo ʻia ia i loko o nā wahi i waena o nā ʻanuʻu mākeke.

ʻO ka Roe deer ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā manu. Hoʻokahi mau wahine ʻeleʻelima i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka ʻelua mau kahu hānai i ʻelua, e hānai iā lākou i ka waiū no kanakolu mahina ʻoi ʻōpio a waiho wale iā lākou i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ana e lilo hou i makuahine. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi hānai 1.5 mau makahiki e komo i ka pua a ma ka piha o 2 mau makahiki e lawe mai ai i kā lākou hua mua, ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻānō hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole kulana launa ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā hihia i ka wā e lawe ai nā luahine i nā ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻehā paha kālā.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ua kahe ʻana o ka roe o ʻEulopa he ʻelua mau manawa i ka kahe: ʻo ka nui - i a ʻAukake a me ka manawa hou - i Kekemapa - Ianuali. I ka lua o kēia manawa, ʻo ia mau kāne wahine i laila, no ke kumu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina kūmua. I loko o kēlā mau pēle wahine, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa hāpai i ka 5 mau mahina a lawe mai lākou i ka hua i nā manawa maʻamau. Hiki i ka ke kāne roe kahetere no ka hānai mai Mei a Ianuali.

Ke loaʻa nei i ka wahine i ka wela ma ka ʻohu, hoʻokuʻi ke kao i nā keiki bipi mai ona aku. Hoʻokomo ʻole ka ʻelele anuʻu i nā pakanalua i ka wā o ka rut, ʻaʻole naʻe lākou i kekahi mau mele e like me ka ʻulaʻula. I ka wahine wahine ʻōlohelohe wahine, hele koke ʻo estrus i 4, 5 lā. Ma hope o kona pau ʻana, haʻalele ka kāne i ka wahine a holo wikiwiki i ka ʻimi ʻē aʻe. Ke ʻimi nei ka wahine i nā bipi āna i waiho ai a hui pū me lākou a hiki i nā keiki o ka makahiki hou. ʻO ka pinepine o nā kāne ikaika a ikaika loa, ka mea i kapa ʻia he aliʻi nui, e uhi ai i ka hapa nui o nā wahine. Hōʻino ʻia kēia kūlana ma nā wahi me ka helu haʻahaʻa o ka roe deer a i ʻole nā ​​wahine i lanakila i ka heluna kanaka.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, e noho pū kekahi mau kāne me ka wahine a me nā keiki pu me lāua. ʻO nā mau pūʻulu o nā kahe ʻōpiopio mai ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kānaka i ʻike pinepine i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ka roe deer i ka hana, a me ka helu o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio ma kā lākou keiki e hilinaʻi nei i nā kūlana o ke ola, a ma ka nui o ka pono a me ka nui o ka meaʻai. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, lawe mai nā wahine i ʻelua ʻolua wahine keu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai i ka hānau mua ka hānau ʻana ʻo lāua i hoʻokahi.

Hōʻike nā keiki bipi Roe me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, i ka wā e lawa ai nā hānai succulent no ka makuahine. Maʻa nui ka waiū o ka waiʻai, ua loaʻa nā mea he nui, nā momona, nā kō a me nā mea pono e pono ai no ke kino e ulu ana. Ke hoʻonui wikiwiki nei ka nui o nā keiki bipi.

Loaʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keiki bipi i nā kūlana o ke ao, a me ka helu o nā bipi keiki. Noho mau ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū lōʻihi, a inā hoʻokahi kahu bipi wale nō ka pipi, a laila loaʻa iā ia ka nui o kaʻai a ulu wikiwiki. No laila, he mea paʻakikī i ka manawa ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka nui o kahi keiki bipi 5 i hoʻokahi mahina mai kahi kanaka o 1.5 makahiki. Loaʻa nō hoʻi ka ʻelele Roe, aia ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o 2 mau manawa a emi mai ka awelika. ʻO ka make pinepine ʻia kēlā mau holoholona i ka hoʻoilo mua o ko lākou ola.

ʻO ka hoʻoilo mua loa o nā keiki bipi ua kahiko loa ia, a ma nā makahiki maʻamau, ua like ko lākou make me kā nā holoholona makua. Akā ma kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe e ulu i ka hoʻoilo ma muli o ka hoʻoilo. A ʻo ka mea make ʻōlo e pepehi pinepine ai, a no kekahi mau kumu e kaʻi nei.

Hōʻike ka ʻala de Roe i kēlā me kēia lā ka hana o ka ʻano: nā wā ʻohiʻohi a me ke neʻe ʻana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā manawa kīmaka me ka hoʻomaha. ʻO nā lōʻihi lōʻihi o ke kakahiaka a me ke ʻano hana ahiahi, ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka lā a me ka lā. Ma ka laulā, ka ʻōlelo maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā o ka ola roe deer e nā ʻano nui: ka manawa o ka makahiki, ka manawa o ka lā, ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana, ka ʻano o ka hopohopo, a laila. No ka laʻana, ma ka nui o nā kānaka e ʻike ana i ka ikaika anthropogen ikaika, e hana ʻia ana ka hana ʻoihana roe i ka pō a me ke ahiahi pō.

I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā holoholona i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka, a ʻo kekahi ma muli o ka hana o nā kahu waihe koko, i ka hoʻoilo - i ka hoʻomaka o ke ao. I nā lā wela o ke kauwela, hānai lākou i ka liʻiliʻi ma nā lā anuanu a me ka ua. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā hoʻomalu, ka hānai, ma ke ʻano ʻē, lilo i lōʻihi, hoʻopau i nā kumu o ka ikehu. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hapa o nā ua i ka palalula, akā i ka ua nui a me nā hau heʻe nui ka hūnā ma nā hale. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā anuanu, e ho'āʻo a ka roe deer e hānai i nā kihi hema o ka ulu lāʻau, me ka ʻole o ka puka i waho.

Hoʻokumu ka hui kaiaulu o ka lehulehu i ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ke kauwela, ke alakaʻi nei ka hapanui o ka roe i ka ʻohana a i ʻole ka ʻohana (nā wahine me ka hua) i ka hoʻoilo, i ka hoʻoilo - he pūʻulu ʻohana a i ʻole kekahi (me nā rodents a me nā neʻe). Ke loli nui nei ka nui o ka iwi i ka makahiki - i ke kauwela a ʻōlelo ʻia nā holoholona ma nā wahi āpau, i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ʻia ke ʻano he teritorial e kālele ana nā kahe kai ma nā wahi hānai. Eia kekahi, i ke kauwela, ke ʻano kūlike ke ʻano o ka territorial roe deer e pili ana i ka wahine a me ka makahiki.

Wāwā kauwela. Mālama i ka manawa mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka roe deer ka mea he teritori a me ka haʻalulu. Ma Malaki - ʻApelila, noho nui nā pākeke (ma mua o 2-3 mau makahiki) i ko lākou mau ʻāina, a ʻo nā wahine wahine i ka malama hope o ka hānau ʻana i neʻe aku i nā wahi hānau. Pono e nānā he ʻano paʻakikī o ke kākā nui o ka tereer - he wā nui i noho ai i kekahi o nā wahi, ʻo ka roe deer ka manawa e hoʻi hou mai ia makahiki mai kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka palena o ke kāne, e pili ana i nā noho ola ma kekahi biotope kūikawā, ʻokoʻa ia ka 2 a hiki i 200 ha. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole e hiʻona nā kaona o nā kāne a me nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe, a he nui wale ka nui o ka heluna nui e haki nui kekahi i kekahi ma ka wahi o ka wahi ʻai. Hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia nā palena o nā panalāʻau a hōʻailona ʻia e nā mea huna o ke alo a me nā pihi inter-hoof. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻae nā kāne i ka komo ʻana i nā pūnaewele o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ma ka manawa i ka hope o ka rut a lākou i ʻimi ai i nā wahine kahe. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio mau ʻōpiopio mau ʻōpiopio, e komo pū ana me nā ʻāina e pili ana. Kahi maoli nā ʻenemi ma waena o nā kāne kāne ʻōpio a he palena iki no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mana.

ʻO nā wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio o kēia makahiki hānau wale nō ka mea e noho ma luna o ka pūnaewele kāne makua. Ke alualu nei ka mea nona i nā kāne he mau makahiki ʻelemakule mai ko lākou ʻāina, a ma 58-90% mau hihia a lākou e neʻe ai i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ʻāina lohi. ʻO ka wā maʻamau, holo ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka wā wela i nā kauwela o nā ʻāina ʻē a lilo i mau hoa o nā kāne pākeke, e hele pū ana me lākou a hiki i ka wā o ka huki. Na nā wahine keu hoʻokahi makahiki, hele pinepine lākou e neʻe i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e noho ana i nā wahi i pili i nā makuahine.

Loaʻa ka palena o ke kāne ma kahi o ka 1-2 mau wahi hānau, kahi e hele mai ai nā wahine hāpai i ka wā o ka ʻoluʻolu. Kaʻo ʻana o ka wahine e kiaʻi i ka pūnaewele, e hoʻokuke aku i ka roaeleu wahine ʻē aʻe mai ona aku, me kāna hua pono. Ma ke kahua, ʻo ka wahine e noho mau ana a hiki i ka hopena o ka wā hoʻoulu, i ka wā e moe ai, e moe pū me ke kāne (a i ʻole kāne paha), aia i loko o kona wahi kahi i kū mua ai kona ʻano. Koho ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina hānau mai ka lā he7-7 ha i ka wā nee i ka 70-180 ha ma ka hopena o ke kauwela kauwela, ke ulu a ka uka.

ʻO ka hana nui o ka teritoriality ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana o nā kānaka i ka wīwī a me ka nāwaliwali ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū ʻai ʻana no nā wahine hāpai a lactating, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa e hiki ai ke ola.

ʻO ka hoʻoilo. Ma Okakopa, heʻano nāwaliwali o ka keʻe hānai ʻana o ka ʻelele. Hoʻokolo nā meles i ko lākou mau pūpū a kāpae i ka hōʻailona ʻana i ke oʻa. Hoʻomaka nā ʻohana ʻohana i ka hoʻoilo - hui pū nā ʻōpio wahine me nā keiki (me nā kāne o hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi i hele mua i ka ʻāina ʻē). Ma hope mai, hiki i kekahi ʻōlima roe, me nā kāne makua, hiki ke hui pū i ka hui, ʻoiai ke noho ma ka hopena ka hopena ma ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā alakaʻi o nā pūʻulu o nā makuahine wahine makua. Hoʻopili pinepine nā lālā o ka hui ma ka hoʻoilo. I ka biotopes kula, hiki i ka nui o nā holoholona ma kahi pūʻulu ke hiki i nā kānaka 40-90 i loko o nā biotopes ululāʻau, ʻoi wale nō nā pūʻulu ma kahi o 10-15 mau holoholona.

E like me ke kānāwai, he kākele roe ma nā wahi āu i lele ai. Hiki i ka noho ʻana o kahi hui hoʻoilo ke uhi i ka 300-500 ha, ke neʻe nei nā holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Ma waena o ia wahi, kahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻona ʻai, kahi e pau ai ka nui o ka lāe ka nui o ka lā. ʻOi ka pilikia o ke kaiāulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hui a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka roe e hele a ʻimi i ka ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, inā he nui o ka pae o ka hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o kekahi mau palena (50 cm), hiki i kahi kee roe ke noho kokoke i kahi no nā hebedoma.

ʻO nā makahiki he hoʻoilo a hiki i ka lā Malaki - ʻApelila, e wāwahi ka uha. Hoʻomaka nā kāne kahiko mai ke kaua mai nā pūʻulu mai ka hopena o Pepeluali, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ma Ianuali - Malaki hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hui i hui pū ʻia nā kāne. No ka manawa lōʻihi, aneane a hiki i Mei, e noho mau ana nā ʻohana - nā wahine me hoʻokahi ʻōpio makahiki.

Ke kūlana mālie, neʻe ka roe deer ma kahi kaʻahele, i ʻole ke kahe a ka wō, a hiki i 4-7 m lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pīhoihoi i luna a 1.5-2 m. ka pōkole ka holo: ma kahi wahi ākea, pīhoihoi kahe o ka ʻoihana ro 300-400 m, i loko o kahi ululāʻau 75-100 m, ma hope lākou e hoʻomaka ai e hana i nā pōkole, ka hilahila o ka poʻe hahai. Ke neʻe nei ka mea ʻōiwi i nā wāwae liʻiliʻi, kū pinepine a hoʻolohe hoʻi. Ma ke kikowaena o ka wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hele i ka lynx. Ma ka like like, ʻo ka wahine kāne e hānai i kā lākou ʻāina i kēlā me kēia lā. He maikaʻi nā kime Roe, akā ʻaʻole ka wikiwiki. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i ka uhi hau anuʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 40-50 cm), i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo lākou e hele ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​ala. I loko o ka hau, ka palena o kēlā me kēia lā o ka roe deer ma waena o 1.5-2 i ka 0.5-1 km. Hoʻokomo pōʻino paha ka hau i ka hau ma luna o ka hau ma luna o lākou.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 900 mau mea like ʻole o nā mea kanu kūpono kūpono no ka roe deer; hāʻawi ʻia i ka dicotyledonous herbaceous a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau. A i ka lā, e ʻai ana ka kahe keiki mai 5 a 11 mau manawa.

No ka nui o kāna helu, ʻo ka roe deer ka mea i ʻike nui i ka hopu a me ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa o ka ʻohana ʻikea ma Eurasia. Kēlele ka nahele ʻōlule me ka nui o ka calorie, ua kūpono ka ʻili no ka hana ʻana i ka suede, nā ʻāpana nui he puʻupuʻu waiwai nui.

He aha nā mea like

ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻōleʻa European.ʻO ka paona o nā kāne, ʻo ia ka 22-40 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 108-13 mm cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo he 75–92 cm. He pōkole loa ka huelo (2-3 cm). He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne (15-30 cm lōʻihi, 10-15 cm ākea), me nā kokoleka he nui - "mau peʻapeʻa", ʻaʻole hika nā wahine. I ka hoʻoilo, he hina a ʻulaʻula paha o ke kala o ka holoholona, ​​i ke kauwela he ulaula ia. Mea ʻike hou kahe hou.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO ka ʻili kai pūlou e pili ana i nā ʻano lāʻau 900. I ke kauwela he nui loa nā ʻano o nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi loa nā pua a me nā ʻuʻuku o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu nā meaʻai. I nā makahiki hōʻiliʻili, ʻai nui nā kahe ʻōneke i nā hua acorns, nā beech bezole a me nā ʻōpū, ʻeli iā lākou mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Hele nā ​​holoholona i nā mahinaʻai e hānai i nā koena mauʻu a haumia nā mea kanu - palaoa, alfalfa, sugar beets, ʻuala. ʻO ka ʻai maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā ka nui o ka roe e ʻike ʻia ana mai ka 1.5-2.5 kg i ka 4 kg o ka nui o ka lau lāʻau.

Mai Malaki mai a Kepakemaka, kani nā kāne i kani nā pepeiaohao ma nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau. No laila e hōʻailona lākou i ka ʻāina, e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻopili ʻia ana ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi i ke ola o ka roe deer e hoʻokani ʻia e nā hōʻailona kani: nā uʻi a hoʻomaʻapaʻa i nā wāwae i ka hopohopo, hōʻike ka hoʻowalewale i ka hauʻoli nui, ka hele ʻana i ka hopohopo, a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana ka hōʻailona i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka holoholona i hopu ʻia.

I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā holoholona i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka, i ka hoʻoilo - i ka hoʻomaka o ka lā. I ka hoʻoilo, i ke kau anuanu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hānai.

I ke kauwela, ke alakaʻi nei ka hapanui o ka roe rula a i ʻole ka ʻohana (nā wahine me ka hua) i ke ola, a i ka hoʻoilo - ka pipi. Ma nā wahi nahele a me nā mahinaʻai, hiki i ka nui o nā holoholona ma ke ʻano he 40-90 mau kanaka, a i nā ululāʻau o kahi hui e hele wale ana ma kahi o nā holoholona 10-15.

Inā hāpai kekahi o ka ʻae dee i kahi hopohopo, e hoʻomaʻakaʻa koke kekahi poʻe kahe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohiolo a hōʻiliʻili. ʻO ka lele o kekahi holoholona i lilo i hōʻailona pōpilikia, aʻo ia ka "aniani" - kahi wahi o ka hulu keʻokeʻo e kokoke ana ma kahi huelo.

Huli ka ʻelele ʻōiwi ʻōiwi i ke anuanu a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 4-7 m a keu mau ka piʻi ʻana i ka 1.5-2 m. Holo ka ʻelele ʻōiwi makua ma kahi o 60 km / h, akā ua pōkole kona holo: i ka wa ākea, holo pinepine ia 300-400 m, ma ka mānoanoa ka ululāʻau - 75-100 m, ma hope e hoʻomaka ai e hana i nā pōkole, hūnā i ka poʻe hahai. Ke holo maikaʻi nei nā mea ʻōuli liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā kahe ʻeke, nā ʻīlio a me nā lino, nā ʻīlio hakakā, ka ʻulaʻula, nā keiki kīwaha hou i pau ai nā ʻalā, nā mea hewa, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā pōkole, nā ʻaeto gula, nā manu ʻulaʻalā, nā ʻōpio hihiu. He ola ko Roe deer i kahi mau makahiki he 10 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ua ola kekahi mau mea ma ke kūlohelohe a 15-17 a i loko o ka pio i ke 19-25 mau makahiki.

I loko o ke Kauka ʻAmelika o Lūkia

Ua kau inoa ʻia nā kahe ʻōlima koa ʻEulopa ma nā puke ʻĀina o Saratov a me Tula o ka Lūkini Lūkini. ʻO nā mea nui e hoʻopiʻi pono ʻole ai i ka mālama manu a me ka hoʻokele huni, a me ka nui hoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻīlio hina i ka ʻāina Saratov. Wahi a ke kaʻina IUCN, huli ʻo ka roe deer e pili ana i ka taxa o ka liʻiliʻi. Me ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kaona o ka dee kūkaʻa, ʻike ka lehulehu i kona nui: i nā wahi me ka hoʻonui nui ʻia, nui ka make o nā holoholona mai nā maʻi, ʻoi loa mai nā maʻi helminth.

No ka nui o nā kahe de roe - ʻo ka mea hopu kime a me ka lawaiʻa o ka ʻohana deer ma Eurasia

Mea ʻai

ʻO ka papa meaʻai kekahi o nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu. ʻAi ʻo ka Ungulate i ka mauʻu, nā lau o nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, nā hua a me nā hua. Ma nā mahinaʻai, makemake lākou e ʻahaʻaina i ka cereals a me nā mea kanu hua.

ʻO kā lākou papa papa kuhikuhi ka pili ʻana i nā mea kanu 135.

No kahi lā, ʻai nā holoholona pākahi mai 2 a 4 kg o ka ʻai. E makemake nui ia i nā blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), Parisian bipartite (Circaceae lutetiana), Woodpecker (Stachys sylvatica), pikulnik maʻamau (Galeopsis tetrahit), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) a me heather (Calluna).

ʻIke maoli nō

No nā kumu ʻike ʻole, hiki i nā kāne kee ulu ke ulu i mau pepeiaohao i ke ʻano o ka ʻelua (a i kekahi manawa kekahi) ʻōlelo me ka ʻole o nā ʻili. Ua waiho hewa nui kēlā mau holoholona i kekahi mau kāne. I ka wā o nā kaua hoʻomana, ʻaʻole i komo nā pū i kā lākou mau pū i ke kui a me ka pū o ka ʻenemi a kū pinepine i ka hoa pai. ʻO Roe deer kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia nā kao hihiu. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe pili o kēia holoholona me nā kao.

ʻAno hānau

Loaʻa ʻo Puberty i ka makahiki he 2 mau makahiki. ʻO ka wahine Males no ka manawa mua ma mua o ka 3-4 makahiki, i ka manawa e lilo ai lākou i ikaika e lanakila ai i nā mea hoʻokūkū.

E holo ana i ka hapa o ka hapa nui o ka laulā e hoʻomaka iā ʻAukake. Kūʻai ʻo Estrus i nā wahine ma kahi o 36 mau hola. Ma hope o ka hoʻomōhala maikaʻi ʻana, hoʻopau koke ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma Dekemaba.

ʻO ka hapai ma ka huina mai 280 a 290 mau lā. Lawe ka wahine i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua paha kaupaona ke kaupaona ʻana o 1000-1500 g.

Loaʻa loa nā triplets. Kāpiki ʻia nā keiki i ke kala ʻulaʻula. Aia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma hope a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia kiʻi ka camouflage i loko o ke ʻano a nalowale i kona wā ulu.

No nā lā mua, ua hūnā ʻia nā kahe manu ma nā ulu nahele o nā lau a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu. Hele wale ka wahine iā ia e hānai. I ka ikaika nui o ke pēpē, hahai ʻo ia i kona makuahine a komo pū i ka ʻohana makuahine. Noho ka waiū hānai a hiki i 3 mau mahina.

Kahi helu

Aupuni: Nā holoholona (Animalia).
ʻAno: Chordates (Chordata).
ʻAeke Māmama (Mammalia).
Kaulana: Mokuhea Artiodactyls (Artiodactyla).
Kāohana: Deer (Cervidae).
Kāhea: Roe Deer (Сapreolus).
Nānā: ʻO ka European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Hōʻike ʻia o ka European Roe Deer

He kino pokole ke kino o ka nee poʻo ʻEulopa - 108-126 centimeter, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo e loaʻa ana i ka 66-81 kenimika. Ke kaupaona nei nā Malu 22-32 kilokilo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manuʻa e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻO 3 ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi he 3 centimeter, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike, hūnā ʻia ma ka huluhulu.

ʻO ka European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Ua pōkole ke poʻo o ka poʻo roe ʻEulopa, i ka ihu e lilo i kikika, a kokoke i nā maka ke ākea. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā pepeiao, ʻo ka oval, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 12-14 kenimika. ʻO nā maka nui ko lākou mau maka me nā haumāna oblique.

Kūpī a lōʻihi hoʻi nā wāwae o ka roe poʻo ʻEulopa, no laila hiki ke holo wikiwiki. ʻO ka lohe a me ka manaʻo o ka ʻohu o kēia mau holoholona, ​​ua kūleʻa ia.

Hoʻololi kēia ka lole i ka manawa, nā pae a me nā makahiki o nā holoholona. He ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ke kala o nā ʻāpana dee roe liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o ka ʻelele ʻōpeʻe ʻeleʻele hiki ke lilo i ʻeleʻele ulaula i ke kauwela, a i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka huluhulu ka hoʻoilo i ka lauoho lauoho me ka nui o nā ea wai e paʻa ai i ka lewa, he 5-5.5 sentimita ka lōʻihi o kēlā lauoho.

Hoʻolaha wale nā ​​poʻo i nā poʻo o nā kāne, ʻo ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole lākou eʻoi aku ma mua o 30 centimeter ka lōʻihi. Loaa i nā ʻōkuhi o kēlā me kēia pū kahe 3: ka huluhulu waena a kuhi ʻia, a ʻo kahi ʻelua i luna. Hoʻomaka ka ulu iki e like me ka wā 4 mahina, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 3 wale nō.

Nā kime o ʻEulopa Roe Deer

Noho kēia mau holoholona ma ʻEulopa, me nā Scandinavian Peninsula e noho ana lākou ma Rūsia, ka Caucasus, Ciscaucasia a me kekahi hapa o Asia.

I ka ʻIseraʻela a me Lebanona, ua hoʻopau loa ka kaila ʻōlima iā ʻEulopa, a ua luku ʻia nō lākou ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sicily. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke loaʻa ma Albania, Austria, Belarus, Italia, Georgia, Lithuania, Polani, Netherlands, Monaco, France, Romania, Czech Republic, Sweden a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻōleʻa European.

Ma ka palena ʻākau-komohana (Ural Range), ua kau ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka ʻelele roe Siberian ma ke ʻano he ʻano loli i kēia mau wahi.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻelele roe European

• No nā kumu ʻike ʻole, ulu ae nā kāne i nā pepeiaohilohi i ʻole mau hemahema - me ka ʻole o nā mea āpau. Pilikia loa kēlā mau kāne no kā lākou ʻohana, no ka mea, i ka wā hakakā, ʻaʻole i hako ʻia ko lāua mau pū i nā pū o ka ʻenemi, a hiki iā lākou ke kāʻau iā ia ma waena.

• I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia nā kao ʻōlio ʻEulopa, akā, ʻaʻole o lākou mea pili me nā kao.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ka ʻoihana o ka roe European i hoʻopili ʻia i nā poʻe e hoʻololi i nā ʻāina.

ʻO ka helu o ka dee dee European

I kēia lā, pili kēia holoholona i nā mea liʻiliʻi o ke kūlana. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hana ikaika ʻia nā mea palekana, no ka mea, ua lilo ka mea kuʻi maʻa o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano holoʻokoʻa e nānā nui aʻe.

ʻO ka helu nui loa o ka roe deer ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma Central Europe, kahi i helu ʻia ai nā holoholona ma kahi o 15 miliona mau kānaka, a i ka makahiki 80, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o 7,5 miliona mau helu. Eia nō naʻe, he luhi ka nui o ko Suria a pono ke pale ʻia.

ʻElia pili ka European roe deer ma ka Puke Hoʻopuka o nā māhele ʻo Tula a me Saratov.

Hoʻololi ʻo Roe deer ma muli o ka huhū nui. Akā i ka laulā, ma muli o ka fecundity kiʻekiʻe, ka roe dee ʻEulopa, i ke alo o nā holoholona kūpono, e hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i kā lākou mau helu.

ʻO ke ʻano kalepa o ka European roe deer

Mai ka nui o ka dee deer he nui, waiwai lākou i nā waiwai kūʻai aku kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka ʻohana Deer. He kiʻekiʻe ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona i ka kalora. E huki lākou i ko lākou ʻili. A ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā pepeiaohiwi o ka erEulopa heihei i ka nui hehi nui no ka hopu.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kino o ka pākeke he 93-130 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe i ka maloʻo e 60-88 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha ka 15-34 kg. ʻO Roe, e noho ana ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka lepa nui, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o ko lākou mau lālā hema. Hoʻololi ʻole ka moekolohe maoli i ka nui. Loaʻa wale nā ​​kāne.

I ke kauwela, makemake i ka kala kala-ʻulaʻula, a i ka hoʻoilo, hina ka ʻulaʻula. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ka 14 cm ka lōʻihi o keʻokeʻo ka "Mirror" i ka hoʻoilo, a i ke kauwela ua lilo ia i keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha.

ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao o ka muzzle, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ma luna o ka lehelehe luna. Loaʻa nā pepeiao i 2-3 mau hoʻopau. ʻO Males e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i ka hopena o ka moena.

ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka ola o ka ola ma ka hihiu ma mua o 12 makahiki. Ma ka noho pio ana, ola ke kanalima EuropeanEulopa i 17 mau makahiki.