Nā iʻa ʻili * Kāpena

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ʻAno iʻa (lat. ʻO Gunsocephalus gunnari), he mālamalama ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo maʻamau paha, he hana maoli maoli o ke ʻano. E ola ana kēia iʻa me ka manaʻo nui i ka wai anuanu maikaʻi loa, ke wela o ka mahana ma mua o 1-2 degrees Celsius.

He maʻalahi nā mea huna o ia ahonui - ke koko o ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o nā mea kanu ʻokoʻa no ka pale ʻana mai ka manu. ʻAno ke ʻano o ke koko o kēia mau iʻa - ʻaʻohe lawa ka hao ma loko, ʻaʻohe ʻano puʻupaʻu ʻulaʻula, a pēlā aku, ʻo ka hemoglobin, e ʻoli nei ke koko. Hiki ke ola ka iʻa me ka hemoglobin ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen i ka wai anuanu o ka hohonu o ka moana.

Ma muli o ke anuanu, e ulu mālie nei kēia mau iʻa. No nā umikumamalima mau makahiki o ke ola, hiki i nā iʻa ke ulu a hiki i ke kanaono kenimita ka lōʻihi. Noho nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo i loko o ke kai loko o ka holoi ʻana iā Antarctica - ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka loko o ka Atlantika a me Inia.

ʻO ka ʻili iʻa o kekahi o ka iʻa pelagic. I nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki i kēia ke hoʻokuʻi i ka kahawai ma ka hohonu mau, ka mea maʻamau ma kahi o 350 mika mai ka wai o ka wai.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka iʻa

ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku e waena o Noremania i ka kenekulia ʻumumūiwa ʻumikūmāwalu, ʻike ikaika ʻia nā moʻolelo i loko o ka ʻāina o ka mamao o Antarctic, kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo South Georgia, ma ke komohana hema o ka moana Atlantika, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole o ka iʻa me ke koko ʻona ʻole. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau wahi ulu anu i ka "koko ʻole" a me "hau".

He hoihoi! I kēia mau lā, e like me ka systematization kūlike loa, ke keokeo a iʻa ka iʻa a me nā iʻa i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kauoha Perciform, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano kai i nā ʻano he ʻumikūmākahi, me nā ʻano he ʻumikumamāono.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole koke i hūnā ʻia e like me ke kūlohelohe o ka nui o nā ʻepekema hopohopo, no laila hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā iʻa i ka waena o ke kenekulia hope. Ua lawe ʻia ka hana ʻepekema ʻepekema (taxonomy) e ka zoologist Einar Lenberg.

Hōʻike, nā hiʻona

He ika nui ka Icy. ^ E Ha yM. I ka poʻe e noho ana mai South Georgia, hele pinepine nā ʻelele makua o nā ʻano a me ka lōʻihi o ka 65-66 cm, me ke kaumaha he 1.0-1.2 kg. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kahe o ke Kūkākūkā o South Georgia he 69.5 cm, me ke kumu he 3.2 kg. Hōʻike ʻia ka wahi ma kahi o Kerguelen archipelago e ka wahi iʻa i kahi ʻāpana piha me ka loa o ke kino ma kahi o 45 cm.

ʻO ka loiloi dorsal mua he 7-10 mau hāmeʻa spiny māmā, a ʻo ka lua dorsal hope he 35-41 mau kumu hihi pono. I loko o ke kinipona o ka iʻa he 35-40 mau kohu makehewa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau gill ka mea i loaʻa i nā stamens 11-20 g, aʻo ka huina o ka vertebrae he 58-64 mau ʻāpana.

He ʻoki liʻiliʻi a me ke kino ʻo ka iʻa maʻa. ʻO ka spost rine ma kahi kokoke i ka palena o ka snout i nele loa. Aia ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka iwi ʻākau ma luna o ka laina e like me ka ʻoi o ka iwi luna. ʻOi ka kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻo ākea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke snout. Nui ka waha o ka iʻa, me ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi o luna o ka maʻa ʻā a hiki i mua o ke kolu o ka ʻaoʻao o ka orbital. Nui nā maka o ka iʻa, a ʻike ʻia ka wahi interorbital e ka laulā pālua.

ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o waho o nā iwi o ka lae ma luna o nā maka, he kūpono no, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka cranulation, ʻaʻole i hāpai iki ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale loa nā punilors dorsal ʻelua, ma ka pilina me nā paona a i ʻole ʻawale ʻia e kahi ākea ma waena o ka inter-dorsal liʻiliʻi. Ma ke kino o ka mea noho o ka waiola he ʻelua mau laina ma hope (medial a me dorsal), me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana iwi. ʻO nā lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka nui o nā hihi nui ʻaʻole i hiki i ke kumu o ke kaʻe o ka paukū. He cipial fin caudal i kahi ʻano notched.

He hoihoi! ʻO nā kapa caudal, anal a me nā dorsal i nā pākeke keʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻulaʻula, aʻo nā ʻōpiopio ka ʻōpio ke ʻano o nā māla māmā.

ʻO ke kala hoʻonaninani maʻamau o ka hiʻona he kala kala-kala. Ma ka wahi o ka ʻōpū o ke kino o ke kino o ka mea noho iʻa, ke loaʻa nei ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke kua o hope a me ke poʻo o ka iʻa iʻa ʻia e uliuli ke kala. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino i nā ʻula kuʻikuʻi i hala ʻole i nā ʻano, kahi i kū ai nā kaʻe ʻulaʻula ʻehā.

ʻO ka moʻohelu a me ka ʻona polū o ka wai iʻa

Manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa ʻai momona he huahana momona maikaʻi ma muli o nā mea i loaʻa i loko o kahi nui o nā mineral like ʻole i pono no ka kino o ke kanaka e hana maʻamau. ʻOi loa ka waiwai i ka iʻa ma ka cobalt, chromium, iodine, ka phosphorus, sulfur a me ke keleawe.

Akā ka nui o nā huaora i loko o kānaʻai, akā, ʻaʻole nui. Eia kekahi, nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia "nā mākaʻi o ka hoʻopihapiha ololi i nā huaola B1, B2, B6 a me PP. ʻAʻole hoʻi e uku ʻia ke koena e kamaʻilio e pili ana - ua liʻiliʻi loa lākou o laila.

Akā e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o kahi ʻano ʻike hou - i ka papa.

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka wai paʻakai

Loaʻa wale ʻia ka iʻa ma nā wahi maʻemaʻe ʻoi e hoʻomaikaʻi nei. No laila, ua pono e hoʻohana i nā mea a pau, ma mua, no nā keiki ʻōpio (ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o ka makahiki).

A eia kekahi, pono e komo pū kekahi i ka iʻa (i ka ʻole o ke ʻano kūpono i ʻole) i ka ʻai ʻana o nā poʻe e hōʻeha i ka maʻi thyroid, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular system, metabolabous pōʻino no ka nele o nā minima i loko o ke kino.

Hiki i ka iʻa ʻai ʻole he mau pōʻaiʻi a hōʻeha wale nō i nā keiki a hiki i ke keiki hoʻokahi makahiki (no ka mea, aia kekahi ʻano iʻa he ʻano maʻi ʻona), me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he "pōmaikaʻi" ke loaʻa ka alohi i ka iʻa ma ka laulā a i ʻole nā pika manuahi i nā manaʻo.

Ke Hoʻomaʻi Kuke

He paʻakikī nā mea no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻai i ka ʻona, ke emi nei kona helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a hana maoli ʻaʻole ia e ulu ulu maikaʻi. Wahi a ia, e ulu pū ana kona kumukūʻai, no laila i kēia lā ka helu ʻana o nā pale ʻōpala he ʻano mea maikaʻi.

ʻO ka ʻai o ka iʻa, palupalu i ka ʻano mau a i ka hika ʻole, aia ka ʻala ʻono o ka honu a ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻono o nā iʻa. ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā iwi i ka pale o ke kua, me ka pau ʻole o kahi hiʻi ʻolo. ʻAe, a me kēlā me ka hoʻōla kūpono e lilo i maʻemaʻe. He haʻahaʻa loa nā iʻa i ka wai ʻona, no laila mea ʻoi aku ka poʻe nutrists i ka poʻe makemake e hōʻemi i ka paona a he kaumaha paha lākou.

Pēlā e hoʻomākaukau ʻia nei ka iʻa maʻamau no ke kāne a iʻa ʻia paha. Eia kekahi, ua kau ʻia i loko o ka aila a hoʻomoʻa ʻia me nā lau ʻai. Ma kekahi mau'āinaʻo Āsia, ʻoiai ʻo Iapana, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka maka. ʻO ka iʻa iʻa ka kumu o ka nui o nā kīʻaha haleʻaina nani, e hoʻohanohano ʻia me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā meaʻono: nā ʻu, nā mea ʻono, nā kīʻaha nui, nā uala, a pēlā aku.

I nā mākeke a me nā hale kūʻai, kūʻai wale ʻia nā iʻa. I ka manawa like, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hoʻomanaʻo no ka lilo o nā mea waiwai i ka wā e nee paʻa ai, no laila pono ʻoe e kūʻai iā ia i nā kumu hilinaʻi wale ʻia a e maopopo pono e hoʻopaʻa iā ia i loko o ka pepa me ka lā o ka hana a me ka lā hope o ka hoʻohana.

Ma kahi mamao loa, i ka wai anuanu ma waho o ke kapakai o Antarctica, kahi iʻa kūʻokoʻa iʻa - ke kō. E hōʻike mākou i ke ʻano no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ma lalo nei. Akā ma mua, e ʻōlelo aʻe i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻona. No ke aha he meaʻokoʻa ʻole ai I nā kenekulia 19, ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka lawaiʻa o Noremania e hānai ana i ka Antartika a ua ʻike lākou i ka iʻa me ka koko ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou i manaʻoʻiʻo i kā lākou mau ʻōlelo i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, pono nā koko ʻulaʻula. Akā, ua hoʻohuli ʻia he mau ʻokoʻa. Paʻu ʻia i ka noho piliona, ʻo kēia ʻaha o ka ichthyofauna i ke kaʻina hana o ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻāpana koko a i nā hemoglobin mai loko o kona kino. Akā ʻo lākou ke kuleana no ka mālamaʻana i ke koko i ka ʻulaʻula. No laila, no ka ʻiʻo waiū i kapa ʻia lākou i kapa ʻia ka iʻa iʻa, a ʻo ka ʻohana āpau o ia mau mea i kapa ʻia he keʻokeʻo. He inoa ʻepekema kēia iʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka paheʻe keʻokeʻo. Akā i waena o nā kānaka ua loaʻa i ka inoa "iʻa iʻa."

Loaʻa nā huahana huahana

ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ke ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a nani loa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe o nā iʻa ʻano kikoʻī o ka icy. Ma ka palaki, kona ʻano momona no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka ʻala. Maliʻa paha no ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa ma ke ola o ko lākou ola a pau? ʻAʻohe o nā iwi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe, nā iʻa - ʻo ia ka ʻuʻuku holoʻokoʻa. ʻAe kēia iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka pila Antarctic i kekahi mau mea kūʻai waiwai nui. ʻO ka iʻa ʻili, nona ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, he huahana haʻahaʻa loa (100 mau mea i loaʻa ka 90,6 kcal wale nō). A ʻaʻole ʻo ia he momona. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia kēia no nā poʻe e mālama pono ana i ke kiʻi. ʻO ka 100 ka iʻa o ka iʻa wale nō ka 2.2 o ka momona. Akā ʻo ka protein i loko o ia mea he nui - 17%. Keʻike nei kēia iʻa i kahi kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe o ka cobalt, iodine, chromium, magnesium, hao, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, keleawe a me nā mea olakino olakino a me nā huapalapala. Aia nā huahana i loko - PP a me ka hui B.

Pono e ʻai i ka iʻa

Hāʻawi ʻia i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka paila kōmona, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he mea kūpono ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka poʻe momona a me nā meaʻai. A he nui nā mau minima i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻai i hana ia i mea waiwai nui i ka papaʻai o nā mea maʻi e loaʻa mai ana i ka maʻi metabolic, ka hypertension, atherosclerosis, a me nā malfunctions i ka hana o ke ʻano o ka pūnaʻi cardiovascular a me nā kūlohelohe thyroid. ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o ka wai ʻole o ka lepo ʻole o ka Antarctic, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he huahana ʻoluʻolu. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e nā keiki liʻiliʻi (ma hope o ka makahiki mua o ke ola). Akā ʻo nā kūlana lawaiʻa paʻakikī a me ka hoʻohiolo mau ʻana i nā holoholona hānai i ka pīʻī he waiwai maikaʻi ʻole. Mālama aku nā hale ʻaina Kepani i ka maka. ʻO kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kekahi mea ʻole e leʻaleʻa me ka leʻaleʻa ʻono i ka ʻona i loaʻa ai ka iʻa. ʻAʻole kaupae ʻia nā kīleʻa no ka kuke ʻono ʻana i ka hōʻoki ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka hoʻopiha piha. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā puna mai nā paila koko. Hana i nā kīʻaha lua - hoʻi i hoʻomoʻi ʻia, i loko o ka pā, e ka umu.

ʻO nā rula lawena ʻaʻa

I loko o kā mākou latitude, ua kūʻai wale aku ka pōle Antarctic i nā pepa pani. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nalowale kekahi o nā mea waiwai pono. No laila, pono ʻoe e kūʻai iā ia mai nā mea kūʻai aku hilinaʻi ʻia, no ka mea, mai kēlā me kēia manuahi, e hoʻoneʻe ana ka waiwai o ka iʻa e like me ka hau. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka pipi kahi i maʻa ai, no laila, pono ʻoe e lawelawe pono ia. Mai hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻāʻo i ka papa ʻaina me ka nui o nā panikina. ʻO ka laʻana, ke aniani, ka lemā lemon - ʻo ia ka mea e hui maikaʻi ai ka ʻeke. ʻO nā ʻāpana no ka kuke ʻana i kēia mea noho o Antarctica me ka maʻalahi. I ka manawa like, loaʻa nā kīʻaha maikaʻi. He aha wale kahi pou palaoa i loko o ka lau hinu sesame! He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kokoke ʻole a pau ʻole. Hana ʻia ka pepeiao a me nā iʻa mai ka hiʻu a me ke poʻo. Kuke i ka pale i loko o nā keiki iwakālua o nā minuke.

Kāleʻa palaʻai

Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa ma ka papa mua? He maʻalahi ke kumu: ʻulu kā mākou i ka huke mai ka ʻili a me nā poʻo, a hoʻohui wale i ka fillet. Ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka iʻa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kānana i ka meaʻala. No laila, e hoʻopiha i nā poʻo a me nā kālele (ʻekolu ma kēlā me kēia) me ka wai anuanu (2 lita) a hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻomoʻi ma ka wela haʻahaʻa. I loko o ka ipu, e hoʻolei pū mākou i kahi sibiki i loko o ka ʻili a me nā kāloti i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Hoʻopili mākou i ka pauku paʻa, kau ʻia i ke ahi. Ke kali nei mākou i ka wī. Hoʻohui i kahi ʻāpana o ka millet. Ma hope o 7-10 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻoola hou ʻana, e hoʻokomo i ʻehā mau ʻāpana, ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā pā nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka hana o ka ʻoliki a me nā kaloti i ka pata. Ke pālahalaha nei mākou i nā ʻāpana hana piha i loko o nā ʻāpana nui. Ma hope o kahi hapaha o ka hola, e hoʻohui i ka pāpaʻu maloʻo, ʻelima pōkole o keʻa ʻeleʻele, hoʻokahi lau hua. Kino ʻia nā greens kuila ʻono me kahi pōkole o ka paʻakai a me 50 mau kāmeka o ka pata. E hoʻohui i kēia ʻauwili i ka mea iʻa iʻa a ʻoki ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana. E hoʻomoʻa ma lalo o ka uhi no 20 mau minuke a lawelawe.

ʻAno iʻa: ʻona mo ka umu

ʻO ka hoʻōki liʻiliʻi - ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka kuke ʻokeo keʻokeʻo i loko o ka umu. Ma ke kikoo, pono e ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ma ka mua. ʻAʻohe kumu kūpono e kuke mai ka leʻa ʻai inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hōʻike i kona ʻano nani a pau. A ʻo ka palaoa ʻana i ka umu hiki ke lawe mai i ka ʻala o ka haze a me ka nui o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o ka fillet palupalu. No laila, pono ʻoe e kāpī i ka ʻeke i ka ʻāpala. Kāwili i nā kūlike o ka palaoa a me ka pia pia (125 g kēlā). Knead a pau nā ʻōpū. I nā hua ʻelua, hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōmua mai ka huaʻai. Hoʻopili i nā 40 mika o ka pata. E ninini me nā yolks i ka palaoa a hoʻomau i ka lau ʻana. Hoʻomaka hoʻomaikaʻi aku. Hoʻohui pū ʻia i ka ʻāpala. I ʻelua mau kalona o ka ʻiha piha ʻana i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ka paʻakai a me ka pepa. E ninini i kahi aila kīʻaha liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pā palaoa, kāwili ʻia me nā paia o ka moku. E hoʻonoho i ka piha, hoʻopiha me ka ʻohi. Kūkulu ʻia ka iʻa maʻa ma kahi mahana o 180-200 kiʻekiʻe. Ke hana ʻia nā lua, he pono e hana i nā lua i loko o kahi a nā kuʻi. Ma ke ala, i kēia kolamu, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka pia me ka waina papa keʻokeʻo.

Hōʻike ʻia no multicooker

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻuluʻulu a kāwī i kahi pōpō keʻokeʻo. I loko o kahi mea kuke hoʻolōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia kahi kīʻaha māmā me ka wikiwiki, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole ia e ʻokoʻa mai ka hale ʻaina. Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa ma kēia mea? Hoʻokomo i nā kīʻaha ʻehā. ʻOkiʻoki i ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o ka leek, ka ʻala a me 70 ka nui o ka fennel i loko o nā pōʻī a ʻalī iā lākou i ka aila ʻaina ʻoluʻolu e hui pū ai, me 10 mau ʻōpala o asparagus a ʻo ka nui o nā pīni ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka paʻakai a me nā lau. I loko o kahi kīʻaha, e kāwili i kahi pāʻina o ka paprika momona, lemon lemon, malo pā maloʻo, kahi ʻākena o ka paʻakai me 20 mauʻa o ka māka. Hoʻokomo i ka iʻa maʻa i loko o kēia palaoa ʻana. Pono ka maloʻo kīʻaha multicooker. E hoʻokomo i nā meaʻai iʻa i loko ona. Nā iʻa ʻili kuluma i luna o kēia uluna. Huli mākou i ke kaena i ka mode "Baking" a kali i ʻumikūmālima mau minuke.

Hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka pā maʻamau

Kūʻai mākou i nā paila Antartika (hapa hapalua), ʻoki ʻia, ʻokiʻoki. E hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻai palaoa i ka pā. Hoʻohui mākou me 50 g o ka palaoa, ʻelua mau punetēmi sesame, kahi ʻāpana o ka paʻakai, ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeli maloʻo. I ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka papa ʻaina i kahi hue gula maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka kari i ka ʻulu manu a me kahi poui. Nui nā kānāwai no ke kuke ʻana i ka iʻa ma ka loea. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ka ʻaila ʻaila. Pono ka nui, inā ʻaʻole ia i ka papaʻa i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻili. A ʻo kahi mea hoʻokahi: mai kahiki pinepine i nā ʻāpana. ʻOluʻolu he iʻa ka iʻa a hiki ke hāʻule ʻē inā i awkwardly paha ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻono ma ka foil

Pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka loiloi o ka mau lāʻau Antarctic i loko o ka umu, pono ke hoʻokokoke pono mai. Hele mai nā ʻauleʻa me kahi moʻo mai makemake, akā e nalowale paha ka momona maoli o ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka umu ke hōʻano nui i ka ʻiʻī palu o ka "keʻokeʻo". No ka pale ʻana iā ia mai, pono ʻoe e hoʻopuni i nā ʻāpana piha i ka foil. Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa ma kēia ala? ʻO nā kalapu kākā, ʻokiʻoki. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻoki ʻia nā pāpale a me nā ʻili. E pīpī i ka iʻa me ka wai lemon a waiho iā 10 mau minuke. I kēiaʻano, hui i nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻala. ʻO ka mea makemake e koho ai, ʻo ke kalaka, ka safron a me ka paʻakai. E uhi i ka pau i ka paila me ka foil. E kāwili i ka iʻa me ka ʻano o ka mea ʻala i loko a i waho. Hoʻalahalaha mākou i nā mea kalaiwa ma ka foil. Wai wai me ka aila ʻaila. Uhiʻi me ka pale o ka pona. ʻAʻole pono ka lōʻihi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka umu - ka lōʻihi o 20 mau minuke.

AIA I hele aku ai ka ICE FISH? I ka lā o USSR, ua hele ia i loko o ka hale iʻa Fish a kūʻai i ka iʻa hau maloʻo no ka uku. No ka ʻaina ʻaina e hoʻomoʻa ʻoe i nā pēpē liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻōpala - e kuʻi ʻoe i kou mau manamana lima! Kekahi mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia iʻa i kēia lā. Ua piʻi ikaika ʻo Icy, a ma loko o kekahi mau hale kūʻai, ua nalowale loa ia! He aha lā? E ʻike mākou. E hoʻomaka, kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka iʻa: ʻo ka ʻona maʻamau, a i ʻole pike e like me ka loko iʻa maʻamau. Noho ia ma ka wai o ka Antarctic. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kona koko, e like me nā vertebrates āpau, akā ʻaʻole like me ka wai, ʻoiai hoʻi e like me ka wai, me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana koko a me nā hemoglobin. Ma muli o kona ʻano kūʻokoʻa a ma muli o ka mamao a me ka paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea mining, nona ka "kumukūʻai" kumukūʻai "kumukūʻai. I nā wā Soviet, ua kūʻai ʻia ka iʻa ma 70 kopecks no ka kilogram a me nā pōpoki ua hānai ʻia me ia. Ma USSR, liʻiliʻi kahi mea e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka iʻa, akā nui ka nui i loaʻa. Loaʻa maoli ka ʻoli o ka iʻa. Ma nā wai Antartika, ʻoi ka ʻai o kēia iʻa ma ka krill, no laila ʻoi kā kāna ʻiʻo i kahi momona ʻala. ʻAʻole hanu nā iwi o Icy a me ka palupalu ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻāʻī a maʻalahi hoʻi ka pipiʻi ʻana, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi o ka pāla. No ka noho ʻana o ka hau i nā wahi ʻoi aku o ka lewa, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi o nā iʻa maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe mea pono ʻole. ʻAe, ʻo nā iʻa pololei loa! No laila he aha lā, no ke aha i nalo ai mai nā alaka, a i hea ia i noho ai, a laila ʻane ʻekolu mau manawa ma mua o ka puaʻa puaʻa? ʻO ka pane ka maʻalahi loa. Ua lilo ʻo iʻa i loko o Lūkia i mea maikaʻi loa no ka mea aia ma ko mākou ʻāina ua pau kahi mea i hoʻopau nui ʻia o ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa. No 20 mau makahiki, ua hoʻopau ka Russia hou i ka hoʻoilina waiwai o ka USSR. ʻAno wale nō ka iʻa hana a ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hopu. I ka Soviet Union, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā moku lawaiʻa nui loa o ka honua, i loaʻa: kahi lawaiʻa, noiʻi, nā moku pale iʻa, nā wahi hoʻonaninani a nā iʻa. I ka makahiki 1980, ʻo ka hopu ʻana o ka iʻa per kapita he 36 kg (ma United States 16 kg, ma UK 15 kg). I ka makahiki 1989, ua loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa Soviet kahi 11.2 miliona mau iʻa, ua nui ka 56 kg i kēlā me kēia. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o USSR i ka makahiki 1991, ua haʻalele ka moku lawaiʻa Lūkini i nā moana, a me Antarctica, kahi e noho ai ka loko i ka wai. Ua kākau aku nā luna a kūʻai aku i kahi mea o ka moku ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka manawa wale nō 1991-1995. Ua hōʻemi ʻia ka mea hao mai 3.2 a 2 mau tausani mau moku, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma o nā ʻĀwalu 700, a no ka hoʻomau i ka emi a waiho i waho. ʻO ke kāohi nui ʻana o ka moku i alakaʻi i ka like ʻole o ka hana like ʻole, hele mai kahi pūʻali poʻi, nā hana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā moku lawaiʻa, ua waiho ʻia nā mea kanu me nā kauoha ʻole, ua hala nā mea he nui. Kēia mea "perestroika" ua hopena i ka hāʻule i loko o nā hopu hopu e like me 2.4 mau manawa, a ma nā mahiʻai lawaiʻa o nā lawaiʻa - e 6 mau manawa. Ua haʻalele ʻia ka Ministry of Fishery a ua kūkulu ʻia he Komite no ka lawaiʻa. A laila ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ke Komikina Fishery Moku'āina o ka Russian Federation, a ma hope aʻe - ʻo ke Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. I kēia mau ʻōlelo āpau o ka pauna ʻana a me ka nalowale o ka hoʻokele lawaiʻa ʻana. Ua pau loa nā ipu i kūkulu ʻia i ka Soviet, a no ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka Russia hou, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pono ka pelekikena a me ke aupuni i ka hana moku ʻana. Akā ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Iapana a me Kaina iā mākou, no ka mea ua kā mākou lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa kiʻekiʻe.

AT I ka hopena o ke kenekulia ma mua o ka manawa i hala aku nei, ua ʻōlelo aku ka poʻe lawaiʻa mai Norewai, ka mea i ʻimi i ka wai ma ke kahakai hema o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika, kahi iʻa iʻa i loaʻa i ke koko keʻokeʻo. No kēia waiwai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻele, a he aila paha. Ua kapa ʻia kēia iʻa ma ke ʻano keokeo maʻamau. I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka fishkolā maʻamau, a i ʻole i ka ʻona. ʻO ka mea mahalo, i ka Soviet Union, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia iʻa kālepa koʻikoʻi i ka haʻahaʻa, a ua neʻe kēia i loko o ka māhele o nā mea ʻono.

Nui ka nui o ka iʻa i ka wā ʻelemakule, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka ʻōpio ke kūʻai aku. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ke ʻano waiwai. Loaʻa ka nui o nā fluoride, potasiuma, ka phosphorus, a me nā mea trace a me nā huaora. Ma muli o kona waiwai momona e loaʻa ai a ma muli o ka mamao o ka wahi iʻa, ua kūʻai nui ʻia kēia iʻa a no ke ʻano ʻokoʻa.

Inā makemake ʻoe i ka iʻa, hāʻawi kā mākou hui e kūʻai i kahi hale kūʻai liʻiliʻi ma Moscow - "FISH Plenty" .
Hoʻokaʻaʻike!Loaʻa iā mākou nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe. ʻO ka iʻa ʻono ʻona maikaʻi i kūʻai ʻia mai iā mākou, ke kumukūʻai e hiki ke kūpono, e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku a ʻokoʻa ka laulā o ka hale kūʻai.

ʻO nā waiwai waiwai o ka iʻa

Ma ka hanana ʻole ʻoe i ʻike ma kahi e kūʻai ai i kahi iʻa ma Moscow me ka maʻalahi, e hoʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai i kā mākou hui no ke kōkua. ʻO ka mokulele he iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻole, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui kā mākou uku ʻana i nā mea kūʻai.

Kūʻai aku mākou i ka ʻikoliki, ke kumukūʻai o 1 kg nona ma ka ʻoihana "FISH Plenty" loaʻa i nā poʻe āpau a pau, he waiwai kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia i ke koko kala ʻole, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa e ka piha piha ʻana o ka mania “Fishy” ʻano, no laila e ʻai koke ʻia e nā poʻe hiki ʻole i ka ʻūhā. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa ʻona i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, ua nui nā mea pono pono. Aia i ke koko o kēia iʻa, ʻaʻohe nāona koko ʻula a me ka hemoglobin, no laila ke ʻano ʻole.

ʻO kekahi pono kūpono o kēia ʻano holoholona o ka liʻiliʻi loa ia o nā iwi. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia wale kahi pālala i loko me ke koʻi o ke kumu kūʻai a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka ʻike liʻiliʻi o ka calcium ma nā iwi, he palupalu a hāloe ka ʻāina, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka wai i loko o ka papa nā keiki, nā māla o nā poʻe maʻi a nāwaliwali. Ua kūpono kēia iʻa no ke kuleana o ka huahana meaʻai, no ka mea, loaʻa wale nō ʻo 7% momona a me ka 17% protein. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻeʻaiʻai ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia hui kūpono e ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻai i ka ʻai ʻana o ka poʻe e mālama pono i ko lākou olakino a me ke kaumaha.

No ka mea e noho ana ka baʻai ma nā wahi polar o Antarctica, ma nā wai kokoke i kahi nui o nā noho kanaka, ulu a hānai i kahi pōʻaiapuni pili. Ma muli o ke kaʻe ʻana o ka krill, ka ʻona o kāna iʻa i loaʻa ai i ka ʻono ʻono o ka ʻala, me kahi pālahalaha māmā.

ʻOihana "FISH Plenty" ke kūʻai ʻia aku nei ka iʻa ma ka moku ʻo Istra o ka moku o Moscow. ʻO ka pili i ke kapena e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻopuka i kēia huahana kūʻokoʻa i nā kikowaena kūʻai o nā hale kūʻai a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻoihana.

No ke aha he mea waiwai nui ke kūʻai aku i ke koko keʻokeʻo mai iā mākou

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai ʻili o ka iʻa ma kā mākou ʻoihana, he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, no laila kūʻai maikaʻi ʻia ia no nā mea kūʻai mai a me nā mea aʻoaʻo a i ʻole nā haleʻaina a me nā hale ʻai me ka lawena ʻokoʻa.
Me ka hopena o kahi kuʻikahi no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā huahana, loaʻa i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku i kēia mau waiwai aʻe:

Kahi ʻano nui o ka kai kai, iʻa a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Loaʻa i kahi hale mālama waiwai no ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana.
Puʻu iho o nā mīkini loea hou no ka halihali i nā huahana hou a me ke anuanu.
Lawelawe ka lawelawe.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopau i kahi kuʻikahi no ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā huahana.

Kāhea iaʻu! Mākou kūʻai aku i nā iʻa iʻa a me ka lawe ʻana ma ka Reka Lūkini e kōkua i nā ʻōkuhi kūʻai e hoʻolako i nā mea hoʻohana i nā huahana moana ʻano ʻono, ʻono a maikaʻi.

Wahi a ka systematization kūlohelohe hou, he keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, a i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻai ko ka iʻa ma ke ʻano o ka perciform, ma kahi o lākou i hōʻike ʻia e 11 genera a me 16 mau ʻano.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele o kēia neoneo e noho kokoke ana i Antarctica, ʻekolu mau mea kokoke i ka mokupuni o South Georgia, ʻekolu ʻekolu ma ka mokupuni ʻo Kerguelen, aia kekahi ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ia kahi o ke kahakai ʻo Patagonia. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ka like o kēia ʻohana ka hoʻohālikelike i ka iʻa Hana Hana, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ʻErani kahiko, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka inoa Latin o kēia mau iʻa - ʻo Channichthyidae, ʻo ia ke ʻano maoli "Hana iʻa."

Ma ka pae hale, kapa ʻia kēia iʻa ma ke ao nei e hoʻohana ana i ka "ice" ice ". I Lūkini ka iʻa, i loko o ka'āina ʻōlelo Pelekania i ka wai, Hispanic pez hielo. ʻO ka poʻe Farani wale nō i hana a me ke aloha i ka inoa ʻana i kēia ʻohana, kapa ʻo ia i ka poisson des glaces antarctique, ʻo ia ka Lūkini ʻo "The Antartika iʻa iʻa". ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ke kani nei kēlā inoa inoa e ʻoi aku ka nani ma mua o ka banal "ice".

He kiʻekiʻe paladability kēia iʻa. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, hopu lākou iā ia ma Antarctica, a kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Kerlegen a me South Georgia a ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Hema.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻohana he koko koko ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka hemoglobin a me nā loko koko ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻomaka wale nō ka lawaiʻa i kēia iʻa i ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala. ʻAʻole kaʻawale ʻo ka iʻa ʻokoʻa e kona ʻokoʻa nui, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke ke hiki i ʻehiku kenimita, a me ke kaumaha - 3.7 kilograms. He kino ona ona kona, oia paha he translucent, he poo nui a he waha nui, i piha me nā niho ʻili.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka iʻa ika aila ʻona he ehiku haneli mau momona a ma kahi he ʻumikumamāhiku pālua ka nui o ka protein, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai ia me ka aʻa ʻole. Pāwili ka ʻano o ka ʻai. ʻO kekahi mea pōmaikaʻi o kēia iʻa ʻo ia nō kahi haʻahaʻa o kaloria, aia wale nō ma kahi o 80 kilocalories no hoʻokahi haneli grama. Hoʻopili ia, waiwai ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa i nā minuke like ʻole - pāpaʻi, ka phosphorus, fluorine, a me ka nui o nā huaora a me nā mea pena pono. ʻAno hele maikaʻi ka iʻa, aia wale ka māla, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻono o nā iʻa. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau e hoihoi i nā poʻe no lākou, i ka mana o ka huaʻōlelo "ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka iʻa,".

A ʻo ka mea i hopu ʻia i loko o nā wai o ka ʻAukika, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kahi ʻoi loa o nā wahi maʻemaʻe o ka Honua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēia iʻa, i ʻole nā mea maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻai nui o ka ʻai i ka iʻa he krill. Ka mea ʻike ʻia, he ʻono loa ia, he ʻono iki, he mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi i ka honu i kona ʻono. He ʻike maoli kēia iʻa no ka poʻe e makaʻala i ko lākou olakino a makemake e ʻai i ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me nā meaʻai i loko. O ka mea pōʻino loa a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻole maopopo mākou i kēia mau pono āpau o ka iʻa, ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke ʻai maoli i kēlā me kēia Pōʻalima i kēlā me kēia lumi e ʻai ai ʻo ka "iʻa iʻa". Eia kekahi, ua haʻahaʻa ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea hānai pōkole iā ia.

Flora a me ka manuʻai

ʻO ka ʻili iʻa (lat. Champsocephalus gunnari), he mau helehelena keʻokeʻo maʻamau, he hana maoli maoli o ke ʻano. E ola ana kēia iʻa me ka manaʻo nui i ka wai anuanu maikaʻi loa, ke wela o ka mahana ma mua o 1-2 degrees Celsius.

ʻO ka ʻili iʻa o kekahi o ka iʻa pelagic. I nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki i kēia ke hoʻokuʻi i ka kahawai ma ka hohonu mau, ka mea maʻamau ma kahi o 350 mika mai ka wai o ka wai.

ʻO ke ola, ke ʻano

ʻIke ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā mau wai kūlohelohe i ka hohonu o ka 650-800 m.Thanks a ʻikea i nā ʻike kūka o ke ʻano biochemical o ke koko, me kekahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kelua koko a me ka hemoglobin i ke kahe koko, nā manaʻo o kēia ʻano ua ʻoluʻolu loa i ka wai wai o 0 ° C a i ʻole hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki paha. Pono e haʻi ʻia ma muli o ke ola a me nā hiʻohiʻona papaʻaila, ʻaʻohe ʻoka ʻono i loko o ka ʻono, a me kona hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa me ka ʻono, palu me nā mea ʻono.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻo ka hanu, ʻaʻole i nā gills, akā i ka ʻili o nā palaka a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka lau o ka ʻoihana capillary o kēlā iʻa e like me ʻekolu mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mākaʻi gill. No ka laʻana, no ke koko keʻokeʻo Kerguelen, hiki ke hōʻea i kahi pūnaewele capillary ākea, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o 45 mm no kēlā me kēia square square o ka ʻili.

ʻO Habitat, noho

ʻO ka māhele o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano i like me intermittent circantarctic. Loaʻa ka laulā a me nā wahi noho i nā mokupuni i loaʻa i loko o nā palena o ka ʻākau o ka hoʻohui Antartika. Ma Western Antarctica, loaʻa ka ʻai i ka wai kokoke i nā Shag Rocks, ʻo South Georgia Islands, ka South Sandwich a me nā Orkney Islands, a me nā Shetland South Islands.

He hoihoi! I ka wai hohonu, ua hoʻonui ka ʻai i ka hoʻokahe koko, i ʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka puʻuwai a me nā hana ʻoi aku ka hana o kēia kino kūloko.

Kūpono ʻia kahi ʻano iʻa o ka loko iʻa kokoke i ka moku ʻo Bouvet a kokoke i ka palena ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻo Antarctic Peninsula. No East Antarctica, ka palena o nā ʻano ʻehā i nā panee a me nā mokupuni o ke kuʻikahi Kerguelen submarine, e komo pū ana nā moku ʻo Kerguelen, Shchuchya, Yuzhnaya a me nā Skif, a me nā palena o McDonald's a me Heard mokupuni.

ʻAuhea i loaʻa ai ka iʻa

ʻO nā pike-e like me nā iʻa keʻokeʻo, nā maʻamau ka ʻokeo keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole iʻa ʻona maʻamau - ʻo kēia mau inoa kēia i hūnā i nā mea ola like ʻole.

ʻO Champsocephalus gunnari he ʻelele o ke aupuni nui o ka holoholona nui, ka mea ʻepekema zoological, he kamaʻāina ʻo Suedena, i helu ʻia i ka chordate, nā ʻano iʻa i nā poʻo o ka ʻula, nā kauoha perch, he keʻokeʻo manu lele me ka ʻohana o nā iʻa keʻokeʻo i ke keʻokeʻo i ka makahiki 1905.

ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kēia keʻokeʻo ka hohonu hohonu o ka Antarctic, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kekahi mau kumu, ʻo kēia pike e kāla i ka wai o ka moana ma kahi hohonu o 400-700 m mai ka ihu o ka wai.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala ʻike e pili ana i ka pike a me nā ʻike maoli

Kahi mamao loa aku. ʻO ke kenekulia, he kūlana kaulana loa a ʻo ka ʻoihana hana kuhi he kumu no nā kamaʻāina o Noremania. ʻO nā mea hana o kēia hana paʻahana, i ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka home mai ka huakaʻi aʻe, haʻi aku i ka poʻe kamaʻāina he moʻolelo kupaianaha i manaʻo ʻia e hopu ana i kahi iʻa kupaianaha, i like ʻole me nā kānaka ʻē a pau o ka wai anuanu. ʻO kona kūlike, e like me ka poʻe kūʻai ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea i loko o ka wai keʻokeʻo a ʻoluʻolu paha e like me ka wai; no kēia ʻano physiological ua kapa lākou iā ia he "ice" a "keʻokeʻo". Nui, i ka lohe ʻana i kēia moʻolelo like ʻole maoli, ʻaʻole i kumakaia i kekahi manaʻo kūikawā i kēia moʻolelo, no ka mea, ua liʻiliʻi ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolālā a i ʻole ke ʻano o kēia poʻe hana.

Ma hope wale nō o nā makahiki he nui, i ka makahiki 1954, hoʻomaka mau nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka ʻike meʻa i kēia mau mea kupaianaha a ʻike i ka mea kupaianaha - ua kūpono nā hana ʻoolelani, ʻaʻole ʻāpana ʻia kona koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, aneane like me ka haunaele a i ʻole "nebula".ʻO nā mea huna a pau i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia ka hematocrit (ka nui o ke koko koko) o kēia hau ʻona e noho ana i ke kai he kīʻaha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā papa koko ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōmole hemoglobin paha i loko o kāna mau kahe kai, e hāʻawi ana i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula o ke koko i ka aneane āpau mea ola.

"ʻAʻole mahalo kekahi i kāna mea i loaʻa iā ia i kēia manawa -" ʻo kēia ʻōlelo, ka mea, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole paha e pili ana i ka meaʻai, akā, i ka mea i loko o ka ʻāina o ka Soviet Union, he mea pono nui ia. ʻO ka mea e kokoke ana i ka makahiki 1980, ua loaʻa i ko mākou Motherland ka manawa e hoʻonani ai i nā moku holo lawaiʻa nui loa o ka honua. Na ka hopu a me nā lako iʻa ma USSR e paʻi i nā moʻolelo a pau, ʻo ka nui o ka hopu ʻana no kēlā me kahi kanaka Soviova ua ʻoi aku he ʻekolu mau manawa o nā hopu i ka poʻe lawaiʻa a ʻAmelika a me Pelekane. Ma muli o ka lawe nui ʻana i nā huahana mai ka wai kai, e waiho ana i ka wai iʻa, ʻaʻole i nānā pono ko mākou poʻe i kēia mau pīhoihoi kupaianaha a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka iʻa haʻahaʻa. Me ke poʻomanaʻo lākou i kā lākou mau kikoo, ʻoiai ka kilokilo o nā huahana o kēlā me kēia lā i ka mākeke e pili ana i ka 60-70 kopecks. ʻAʻohe mea i makemake i kekahi o nā waiwai pono a me nā meaʻono ʻono o ka loko iʻa mai ka Antarctic.

Ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ua piʻi koke ke kāʻili ʻana o ka moku lawaiʻa Lūkini, ua hoʻomaka koke nā moku e haʻalele i nā kahakai, ka hana hou ʻana o nā moku kahiko a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā moku hou i pau i kēlā me kēia lā, a hoʻomaka ka poʻe kānaka e haʻalele i kēlā ʻano hana.

I kēlā manawa, hoʻomaka nā iʻa me ke koko keʻokeʻo e hoʻopuka ʻia ana i nā mākeke Lūkia, akā ua loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai mai nā haole ʻē aʻe nā ʻano kumu kūʻai ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā lākou kahi manawa makemake e like me ka ʻai o ke keʻokeʻo, a i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paha i hiki i ka poʻe me lākou ke loaʻa i kēlā mau ʻoluʻolu.

I kēia manawa lawaiʻa ʻole, hoʻomaka lākou e kāhāhā no ke kumu i lilo ai kēia iʻa ʻano kālā e like me ka uku a ʻike ʻole i ka limahana maʻamau. He maʻalahi loa ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻonā ʻana i kēia mea pohihihi. Pau i nā mea kūikawā a pau o ka iʻa hihi-hoʻopau. Aneane aneane nā iʻa a me kēlā me kēia lā a i ka lā o kona ola ʻana i ka nui o nā mea like ʻole mai ka wai kahi e noho ai, ma nā huaʻōlelo he ʻano o ka makahiki. ʻO ka ʻona iʻa kahi ʻokoʻa o kēia lula, no ka mea ʻo ka wai ma nā ʻāina kamaʻāina o kēia nani Arctic kekahi o ka maʻemaʻe loa i ka honua, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea ʻino a me nā mea hoʻohui nā loko o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole ʻia kekahi iʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻi kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai loko mai o nā ʻano honu i loaʻa i nā ʻohana he nui o kona mau hoahānau, mahalo no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e ʻai i nā huahana iʻa no ka maikaʻi ʻole o kēia "ʻono." Ma ka ʻai ʻana, he ʻano hoʻomanaʻo o ka honu i ka ʻai o ka ʻai kaila. Aia kekahi manaʻo ʻo ia ma muli o ka mea ke keʻokeʻo i loko o kona wahi kūlohelohe e koho pono i ka meaʻai no ia iho a makemake i ka krill no ka ʻaina awakea - he mau crustaceans kai lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi nā mea like ʻole ma loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (wale nō mai 8 a 60 mm).

ʻAʻohe hihia e ʻike pono ʻole i ka mea e like me ka iʻa like-ʻai e like me nā loko iʻa, kahi haleʻaina o nā huaora a me nā minamina e like me ka potassium, fluorine, phosphorus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ma mua o 17-18% o ka protein piha, ma kēia noʻonoʻo - he akua ʻē paha ia no nā poʻe e hele ana i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā mea e like me ka magnesium a me ka calcium i kona hoʻoponopono, no kēia kumu ke kūpono ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo e ʻai ʻia, ma ke kino o ka kaomi ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o kahi ʻōpala.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka wai iʻa

ʻO kahi pailima keʻokeʻo paʻilima māmā kekahi o ia mau ʻelele i kapa ʻia o ka honua holoholona o ka honua i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole wale ʻia a i ke olakino ʻē aʻe, akā ua loaʻa pū ʻia ke ʻano kupaianaha loa mai ke ʻano. Loaʻa paha paha i ka poʻe i ka manawa e ʻike i kēia mea hana kupanaha i ke ʻano i loko o ka noho ʻana, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i ke ʻano ʻōlohelohe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, a hiki i kēia wā, aneane hoʻokahi wale nō wahi hālāwai me ka iʻa i loko o nā puka makani iʻa o nā hale kūʻai, nā hale iʻa a me nā manawa mākē mau manawa, kahi ke kali mālie nei i ka mea kūʻai aku, e hoʻopuni ʻia ana i kahi papakū o ka hau a me ka hau mai ka pahu manuahi.

Akā, inā iā ʻoe ka manawa kūpono e ʻike i kēia nani e lana holo nei a puni ka pahu aku, e kahaha nui ʻoe i ka nani a me ka hanohano o kāna mau ʻili.

He ʻokoʻa paha nā ʻāpana ʻāina o kahi pākeke, e like me ka nui o ka ʻai i loko o nā hale kīnā o kekahi wai iʻa, a me ka kūlana o kona olakino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o kēlā me kēia perch-like me ka wai o Antarctic he 30 a 80 cm, ua like ka nui o ke kino kino ma ka 200 a hiki i ka 1200 gram.

ʻAno ke kino o ke ʻano keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia, i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā unahi. Ke nānā pū nei ia, ke loaʻa ka manaʻo i ke aniani āpau a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka honua a puni ʻoe ma o ke kino o ka iʻa, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia, no ka ʻike ʻole ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula i loko o ke koko, ʻaʻohe ʻōpala o ka iʻa "nā puaʻa iʻa". no laila, ʻo ka hoʻomālamalama i ke kino māmā o ka iʻa e hoʻomake i kahi ʻano kupanaha loa. ʻO ka mea hoʻonā nui o ka mea e noho ana i nā wai anuanu o ke kai e hoʻonani ʻia me nā palahalaha ākea e waiho nui ʻia ana i nā ʻāpana poʻomaka. Hiki pū i ke kino o kēia puahi Raypike, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i nā laina longalinal lateral, ʻo ka pinepine o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o lākou.

ʻO ke poʻo o ka iʻa wai e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino holoʻokoʻa he nui, he laulā ma ke ʻano, a me ka ʻōwili ʻana, ma ka ʻaoʻao ma luna. He like nō ka waha me nā ʻuʻuku nui i ko lākou ʻano morphological i ka paila, kahi, no ka manawa āpau, alakaʻi i kekahi o nā inoa o ka lauka, kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pike moana, he kū maoli ʻole nō ia, no ka mea ʻo kēia inoa lawe ʻia e nā luna o kahi ʻohana iʻa like ʻole.

I ka hanana ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi ʻoe e ʻike i kēia ʻano mana i loko o ka wai ʻana i kekahi kanaka me ka makemake a me kou makemake makemake ʻole e noʻonoʻo i ia ʻano hana kupanaha i loko o kou hale, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i loko o ke ʻano o kā kākou ʻano o ke ʻano he mana hiki ʻole. A e loaʻa ai kahi holoholona hihiu maʻamau ʻole kaulana ʻole maoli nō ia i ka maoli maoli. Pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo ikaika i ka ʻimi no kēlā kanaka e kūʻai aku nei i nā pahu kāhiko nani ia wale nō i nā hale kūʻai me nā hale ʻina hale ʻaina, akā i nā lima i nā poʻe aloha home.

I ka pahuhopu i kāu home pike ka ʻoluʻolu e hōʻoluʻolu a maluhia hoʻi i kou home, pono ʻoe e hoʻoikaika, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, fork out.

E hoʻomaka me, pono e noʻonoʻo e pili i kahi o kona wahi e noho ai. E like me nā iʻa a pau, no kona noho ʻana i nā hale liʻiliʻi, pono ʻo ia i ka aquarium i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka wai, ke koho wale ʻana i nā hale aniani no ke ʻano o kahi ʻano moana mua loa, mai poina i ʻumi ʻumi nui o nā iʻa a me ka iʻa aku ka nui o nā mea aku a me nā mea ʻulaʻula like, like me ka guppies, mollies , nā hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā loko iʻa, nāhelehele a me nā "holoholona liʻiliʻi" liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kaulike. No kēia kumu, no nā ʻōpana maʻamau, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi hale o kēlā me nā ana, i nā wahi a pau a kūpono wale ʻia,

Inā ua hoʻoholo ʻoe e makemake ʻoe i ka wai me ka iʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hale pilikino ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o nā ʻano o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe ke ʻano o nā mea āna e ola ai. meaʻokoʻa loa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka ea wai kūpono loa no ka iʻa me ke koko keʻokeʻo he 2-7 degere, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ola a pau ke kū pū. Malia paha, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mea aloha i nā manawa anuanu i makemake ʻia i ke kūlana wela, akā pono ʻoe e hana i kēia me ke neʻe nui ʻana i ka wela o ka wai ma ka 1-2 tikelika, akā e hoʻomaka mua ʻia i loko o nā kūlana kime ma mua.

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēlā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka mea i loko o ka wai aku, no ka mea ma loko o nā hale kūʻai holoholona i loaʻa kēia manawa i ke kūʻai aku i nā mea e pono ai ka wai no nā hale wai. ʻO ka ʻike he nui e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea like me kou mau lima ponoʻī ʻole me nā hoʻolimalima kālā kūikawā "hele wāwae" ma nā ʻaoʻao Pūnaewele. Akā kūpono kēia inā pono kekahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana ma o kekahi mau degere, a i kou kūlana, pono ʻoe i ka wai me ke anu, a mālama mau i kēia mahana.

ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aʻo ka iʻa i loko o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe i koho i ka wai maʻemaʻe no ko lākou wahi noho. No laila, ma ka home, pono ʻoe e ʻike ai i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i ka wai maʻemaʻe, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike pehea ka ʻano o kona aesthetic kūlaki i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Aia nō hoʻi i ke kai, ʻai nui ka loko iʻa i kekahi mau meaʻai maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke krill, no laila, ʻo ka manawa mua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna kīʻaha punahele, akā ma hope o ka manawa ma hope o ka ʻano ʻana o ka iʻa i ke ʻano o ka aquarium, hiki nō ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e mālama me ka ʻai i ka ʻai maʻamau.

Nui ʻia nā ʻano ʻohana o ka iʻa ʻulaʻula i kapa ʻia i ka iʻa ʻili. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona ka nele o nā hemoglobin a me nā ʻāpana koko koko i loko o ke koko, no laila loaʻa lākou i kēia inoa. Noho ka kēia iʻa i loko o ka Antartika. ʻO nā mea ʻona maʻamau ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Gunnara, kahi e noho nui ana ʻo ia ma nā mokupuni Antartika.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa he 30-40 cm, kūikawā paha nā kānaka nui e hiki i ka lōʻihi o 70 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona he 0.3-1 kg. ʻO ka nui ka nui o nā pike-like me ka proteinaceous kaupaona 2 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 66 cm.

Hōʻike ke kino o ka iʻa, translucent, me nā wahi ākea ākea ākea. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke koko, piha nā ʻoni ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka kala o ka iʻa. Ua aneane ke poʻo a he hapaha o ka nui o ke kino, a ʻūpū ʻia ma luna a ʻāwili elongated, me nā ʻanā nui e loaʻa nei. Nui ka waha a hana i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like ka iʻa me ka pale.

He palupalu ke kākala o ka iʻa ma ka haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa i ka calcium, a liʻiliʻi wale nā iwi.

Keʻaʻai ʻʻa

Aia ka ʻili i ka ʻano o ka mea maʻamau. Pale nā mea noho kūlohelohe kūloko e makemake e hānai i nā kai moana o lalo. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka nui, squid, krill a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻia e lilo i mea pio no nā ʻelele mau o nā iʻa i hoʻohina ʻia nā Ray, a me nā ʻohana o ka iʻa keʻokeʻo.

Ma muli o ka nui o ka huahana meaʻai nui a ka iʻa i ka krill, ʻo ka mea ʻala keʻokeʻo a me ka leʻaleʻa o ia mea noho i ka wai e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kekahi o nā ʻono a ka aliʻi aliʻi.

Pahu a keiki

ʻO nā holoholona dioecious. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine i nā hua manu - nā hua ma loko o nā ovaries. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi palaile translucent a me ka palaoa, ka mea e hoʻolako ai i ka wikiwiki a me ka maʻalahi. Ke neʻe nei ma ka oviduct, puka i waho nā hua ma ka wehe o waho e kokoke ana ma kahi anus.

Hoʻokomo male sperm. Aia lākou ma nā hoʻokolohua paipai i kapa ʻia he waiu a he ʻōmole kekahi ʻano papahana i ke ʻano o nā tubules e kahe ana i loko o ka wai excretory. I loko o nā vas deferens aia kahi māhele i hoʻonui ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia e ka semicle vesicle. ʻO ka male ʻana o ke ʻano o ka wai seminal, ʻo ka wahine me ke kikoʻī ʻana, ua aneane koke.

Ua mākaukau nā Extremophiles, kahi i loaʻa nā ʻelele o ka iʻa o ka moku Radioparidae, ka oka Perch a me nā ʻohana ʻoni a ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka mākaukau no ke kaʻina hana o ka hua hake ma hope o ʻelua makahiki wale nō. I ka wā o ka wā lohi, no ka pīhoihoi, ʻike ʻia nā wahine mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻekolu kanakolu tausani huaʻala. ʻO ka palaoa i hānau ʻia ma ka plankton wale nō, akā ulu a ulu a lohi hou.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Ma lalo o nā unahi o ka iʻa Antropika extremophilic, aia kahi mea kūikawā kahi e pale ai i ke kino mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai anuanu nui.. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka hohonu nui o nā ʻenemi, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā loea o Icy Fishes a ʻoi wale nō ka ikaika, kokoke ka lawaiʻa makahiki a puni ka makahiki no ke kumu kūʻai e hiki ai i kahi pōʻino kūikawā i ka helu nui.

ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa

ʻO ka iʻa ika Icy kahi waiwai kālepa waiwai nui. Hiki ke ʻano o ka paona o ka iʻa iʻa ma waena o 100-1000 g., Me ka lōʻihi o 25-35 cm.ʻO ka ʻiʻo iʻa iʻa ka nui o nā waiwai nui, me ka pā o ka potassium, ka phosphorus, fluorine a me nā mea hou o ka huina e pono ai i ke kino o ke kanaka.

Ma ka'āina o Lūkia no kona kiʻekiʻe palatability, me ka leʻa no ka remoteness nui a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka ulu ʻana o ka nui, ʻili i kēia lā i loko o ka māhele kumukūʻai kumukūʻai. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa o ka wā Soviet, nona nā huahana iʻa, me ka pollock a me nā ulaula manuahi, nā mea haʻahaʻa loa i ka helu kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka iʻa ʻona maloʻo ka maloʻo palupalu, maloʻo loa, piha aʻa ʻole (2-8 g momona no kēlā me nā 100 g o ka paona) a me ka haʻahaʻa-calorie (80-140 kcal no 100 g) ka ʻiʻo. ʻO ka ʻike kiko momona paona e pili ana i ka 16-17%. ʻAneʻane keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻohe iwi iʻa ʻia nā iʻa ma ka ʻai, ʻo nā iwi ʻuʻuku hoʻi, he iwi papalulu a kokoke loa hoʻi ka ʻohana.

He hoihoi! ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia kā nā kētio e noho wale i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe o ko mākou honua, no laila ke ʻano nui o kā lākou ʻai momona i ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o nā mea pili kino.

Ke kuke ʻia, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hāʻawi i nā makemake i nā ʻano ʻano palupalu hoʻohana nui, me ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻomau ʻo Connoisseurs o ia ʻano i ka mea momona a me ke olakino mai ka iʻa ʻai, a ma Iapana, ʻoi ka makemake o nā kīʻaha makana mai loko mai o ka wai o loko.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia manawa, ua hopu ʻia nā ʻelele o ka papa ʻo Radioparidae, ke kauoha a Perch a me ka ʻohana ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo e nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana o nā hohonu hohonu e kokoke ana i nā mokupuni o South Orkney a me Shetland, South Georgia a me Kerguelen. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa i loko o ke kai hohonu a me ka hohonu o ka moana i loaʻa i kēia mau makahiki i kahi like ma waena o 1.0-4.5 tausani tons. I nā ʻāina ʻōlelo ʻōlelo Pelekane, kapa ʻia ka iʻa ma ka ʻona, a ma nā ʻāina Hispanic ua kapa ʻia ʻo pez hielo.

E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:

I Palani, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano waiwai i ka poisson des glaces antarctique, i unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo Lūkia he "iʻa o ka hau Antartika." ʻAʻole ʻo ka lawaiʻa Lūkini i kēia lā e hopu ana i kahi "kēkē wai", a hoʻopili maoli ʻia i nā iʻa i hopu ʻia e nā moku e pili ana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ke kahua kūʻai. Wahi a ka hapanui o nāʻike ʻepekema i kēia manawa, ʻo kahi mea kūʻai waiwai nui e noho ana i ka palena Antarctic ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli i ka pau ʻole.

ʻO nā pono a me nā hanaʻino i ka wai iʻa

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hōʻino o ka ʻona? Hāʻawi ʻia ia me nā helu o ke ʻimi he nui no ka poʻe, aia o ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona a me kekahi hapa nui o nā protein. Ma muli o kēia mau mea waiwai, aia ka ice cream i ka māhele o nā huahana meaʻai. He pono no ka poʻe o nā ʻokoʻa makahiki, he nui ka nui o nā waikona amino. ʻO ka kuke ʻana i ka wai a me ka ʻaʻa, ka palaoa, kaʻaila - kēia mau ʻano o ka mālama wela e mālama i nā pono o ka iʻa.

ʻAʻohe mea hōʻino i hōʻino, ʻo ka mea wale nō wale nō ka intolerance huahana, kahi hopena hoʻonoho i nā huahana o nā iʻa. E kiaʻi mau i ka lā hana o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hiki o ke ʻona o nā meaʻai. Mai hoʻohiki i ka huahana ʻole, e luku wale ia i nā mea momona a pau. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i ke hāʻawi i ka hau i nā keiki ma lalo o 1 makahiki.

No ke aha ke kumu kūʻai o nā iʻa

I nā makahiki 80, ua hopu ʻia ka iʻa hao ʻia i ka nui, a he noi nui i waena o nā mea kūʻai. Ua haʻahaʻa kona kumu. No ke aha ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa i kēia manawa? ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hemo ʻana o USSR, a me ia ʻo ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa. ʻO ka hopena - ua lilo ke kumukūʻai o ka hau, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai lawe. I kēia lā, ke hopu ʻia kāna hopu e hoʻopiʻi nei i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai hope loa o kēia ʻelele o ka fauna Antarctic.

Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa

Pono kekahi huahana loaʻa ka wela wela. Pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa? He mea nui nā mea kanu, nā minelala i loaʻa i loko o ia mea: potassium, hao, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, komo pūpū a me ke keleawe - he mea nui ia no ko mākou kino. E hoʻonui i ko lākou mālama i ka pā i pau, pono ʻoe e pili i kekahi o kēia mau mea pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka pī keʻokeʻo:

e hoʻolapalapa i ka ʻāʻī
kāʻai i ka umu
ʻōpala ma ka kalala
mahau
waiho.

E kōkua kēia i ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole wale i kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, akā i kahi momona ʻono. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono iā ia iho: ʻaʻohe kūpono o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e waiho iā ia i ka pō i lalo o ka pahu o ka pahu hau. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a kālai i ka hau: ʻaʻole he mau unahi, wale nō nā palu, nā ʻili, nā ʻili, ke poʻo (inā makemake) ke lawe ʻia. ʻAʻohe ʻano kiko o ka ʻili.

Nā ʻIi Uila

Nui nā hiʻohiʻona no ka hana ʻana i ka wai ʻoli. Aia i ka pīpī keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi kupaianaha crispy kupaianaha, ua kuke koke. E kāpīpī i ka kīʻaha me nā aniani sauteed, hāʻawi kēia i nā iʻa i hoʻohui ʻia nā iʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pāla i kahi hau hau-hau a me ka hui pū me nā mea ʻai: nā kaloti, ka aniani, ka lemon, a me ka pepa pepa. Hāʻawi i ka papaʻaina, hoʻohui iā lākou i nā tōmato hou, nā kukama. Nā mea ʻala e hōʻike maikaʻi ana i kona ʻano: thyme, ginger, lemon balm. ʻOi ka iʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi no ka laiki, hiki ke hana i ka mea nui i ka aʻa iʻa.

Heʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hale loea e hahai i nā paʻi i nā kiʻi kiʻi like ʻole - no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo nui a aʻo i ke kolo ʻana i ka iʻa. Ke hoʻokolohua me nā ʻano mea like ʻole, nā ʻano kuke kuke, koho i kou ʻano punahele punahele. ʻO kekahi poʻe e like me ka iʻa iʻa palaoa, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka iʻa iʻa, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ke ʻano o ka hau iʻa ʻia me ka tī.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka noho

ʻIke ʻia nā iʻa iʻa ma loko o ka wai anuanu. I ke kai kūlohelohe, noho ʻo ia i kahi hohonu o 2000 mika, ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kūpono no ke ola maʻamau. Aia kahi moho wai i nā mahana mai 4 degere Celsius a hiki i 2 degrees Celsius. Hanaʻa ʻia ka iʻa e ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā plankton liʻiliʻi.

Kō kahi iʻa ʻona e noho ana i nā kai. ʻO ka māka ua loaʻa ma ka Antarctic, ma ke komohana o ka moana ʻAkalakika, ma Norewai. Ma Lūkini, ma nāʻaoʻao o nā hale kūʻai hiki iāʻoe ke ʻike i nā luna i loaʻa ka lōʻihi o 40 mau kenimika, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea nui loa ka lōʻihi i hiki i ka lōʻihi o 70 kenimika. Kaumaha ka ʻai iʻa mai 300 a 1000 gram.

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻia kekahi ʻano moana wai nui, a he mau maka nui kona, e noho ana ma mua o 16% o ke poʻo. Aia nā puʻu haʻahaʻa dorsal, a me nā pā ventral me ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā fins Caudal, ma ke ʻano, he hiʻohiʻona ka notch. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi kino kino translucent, ma luna o nā wahi ākea ākea. Hoʻohui ʻia ka holoholona ma kahi kala kala māmā, ʻoiʻa ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Dorsal, caudal a me nā anal keu o ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koko i hoʻohemo i ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka kala o ka holoholona. ʻO ka nui o ke poʻo o ka hau hau i ka hapaha o kona kino, mai luna mai i pulu ʻia, a elongated. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻelele e nā ʻuʻuku nui a ʻō. ʻO ka kaakaia ka waha he nui, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi e like me ka hapalua o ka nui o ka ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, kahi like ka iʻa like me ka pai. Heʻuʻuku nui kona nalo, no laila ua palupalu ke kālele a aneane ʻole maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka iʻa he iʻa i loaʻa ka waiwai kūʻai. ʻO nā mea i hoʻolako ʻia ma ka mākeke ke kaupaona a hiki i 1000 gram a he lōʻihi lākou a hiki i 35 centimeter.

No ke aha ke kumu kūʻai nui?

Hiki paha ke kahaha i ka mea kūʻai aku ma ke kumu kūʻai o ka hau. ʻO ke kumu kumu mua he ʻano ʻai kēia iʻa. ʻO ka lua ma muli o ke hopu ʻana i nā palena, a me nā uku no ke hoʻopili ʻana i ka huahana ma Russia. ʻOiai 30 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ke kō iʻa ma mua o nā poloka. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hana o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻauhau nui, a he hopena keu ia i ke kumukūʻai mākeke.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka uku o kēia huahana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole wale ia he momona, akā palekana pū. ʻO ke anuanu no nā lele hau wale nā wahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale nei i ka wahi o ka wai aku, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i loko o ka ʻai. Ke kūʻaiʻana i kahi lua o ka wai hau, pono ʻoe e kuleana no ke koho. I mea e loaʻa ʻole ai kahi mea pono kiʻekiʻe, ʻono loa, akā he mea hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia hoʻi i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka paila protein, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ia mau wahi:

ka pono o ka pauna o ke kaʻa ʻaina, pono ke ea.
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke pani i ka koho ma ka laulā pau, i kūʻai ʻia me ke poʻo,
ʻO ka papahele o ka hau e pono ai e hōʻike ʻia i ke ahiahi, kūlike, ka nele o ka hau i kūkulu ʻia,

ʻAʻole pono ka iʻa ʻona ʻē aʻe me kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e kuke ai?

Pono kēlā me kēia kaiʻai e mālama i ka wela kūpono. I mea e mālama ai i nā pōmaikaʻi a me ka waiwai o ka wai momona o ka wai ʻona, ʻo ia ka mea e mākaukau i kekahi o kēia mau ala:

ka palaoa no ka ʻala,
hoʻomā ʻai ʻai i ka umu,
loea
ʻaʻa ʻana
ʻaina.

Mahalo i kekahi o nā koho kauaka ma luna nei, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopō i ka hoʻopili wale nō, akā, ʻo ke ʻala ʻono o ka ʻai. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kuke, pono ke lawe pono i ka paila no kēia, no ka mea, pono e waiho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu o ka pusa. ʻAʻole e paʻakikī ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka hau. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe kaona o kēia kaola i loko. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka iʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pī, ke kāwili, nā ʻōpū kūloko, ke poʻo inā pono.

I ka umu

ʻO kahi koho pono nui no ka hana ʻana i ka wai i ka palaoa i ka umu. Hiki i kēia koho iā ʻoe e mālama i kahi momona momona, ʻono a me ka pono o ka ʻiʻo. E hoʻomākaukau i ka paila keʻokeʻo i loko o ka umu, ʻaʻole nui ka manawa. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kupapaʻu, ua pālahalaha ʻia me ka aila, kākohu ʻia me nā mea ʻala like a pīpī ʻia me ka wai lemon. Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia ka huahana me ka foil a kau ʻia ma luna o ka pā. E hoʻomo i kahi hau hau i nā minuke 20-30 mau minuke. 5 mau minuke ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka kuke ʻana, ke kīi ʻia nei nā foil, ke hoʻolaha nei kēia hanana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻono maikaʻi.

Ma ka ʻāpana

ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa me ka pīpī ʻana i ka pā. I mea e hōʻike ai ka iʻa i ke ʻano o kahi ʻono ʻono, pono e ʻolō ʻia i ka kō, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka palaoa, hua manu, huaʻai maikaʻi, paʻakai a me ka ʻōpala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāwele i ka iʻa iʻa, ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole fillets. No ka kuke piha kūpono loa, ka pānaʻi o ka huahana ma luna o ka wela ke kiʻekiʻe ma loko o ka pata a i ʻole ka aila ʻaila.

Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻomākaukau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pipi, ka mea i mākaukau ma ke kumu o nā hua moa, ka wai a me ka palaoa, i kāwili ʻia me ka hoʻomau homogeneous. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia kumu o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻōpala, akā, e huli ka iʻa a palupalu. No kahi ʻono nani, waiho ʻia nā lau basil ma ka pā.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona punahele

ʻOi aku hoʻokahi mau hiʻohiʻona no ka hana ʻana i ka iʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka paila keʻokeʻo e ka wikiwiki ʻai, a me ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka pīpī Passerovy, e pono ke pīpī ʻia me ka wai kai, e holo maikaʻi me kēia huahana. I ka lawelawe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka iʻa lau me nā lau ʻai hou, nā mea ʻala a me ka ʻaoʻao pālua.

No na keiki

Maʻalahi ka kīʻaha e like me kēia laʻa, e lawe a 20 mau minuke, ʻoiai ʻo kāna haʻalolo ʻenehana he 84 Kcal i ka 100 gr o ka huahana. Ma hope o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, e hoʻolauna ʻia nā keiki i loko o ka meaʻai i kahi ʻai hau iʻaʻaʻai, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui i ke kino me ka phosphorus a me nā huaora. No ka hoʻomākaukau i ka ahaʻa a kahi keiki, pono ia e hoʻomākaukau i 1 kilokilima o kaʻaila, kahi liʻiliʻi paʻakai a me ka aila ʻaila. ʻO ka iʻa e ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻāpana fillet, holoi a hoʻoluhi ʻia. A laila e ʻoki i nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 4 kenimika. Pono e hoʻouna ʻia ke kai ʻana i ka papapa ʻaʻa no 20 mau minuke.

Pono nā mea aʻe e hana i kahi mea ʻala a maikaʻi i ka papaʻaila mua o ka aila.

0,5 kilema o ka iʻa,
1 kāloti
1 kaeliki,
4 ʻuala
0,5 nā lemona
he liʻiliʻi hilo,
ka paʻakai a me nā māla.

Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka iʻa a holoi ʻia, pono e ʻoki a hoʻouna ʻia e hoʻolapalapa i ka wai paʻakai no ka hapaha o ka minuke. Ke hala ka manawa, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻiʻo, a e kānana ʻia ka hopena hopena. Pono e hoʻouna i nā mea kanu i hoʻomoʻa, ka paʻakai, kahi ʻāpana o ke kō a me nā greens i ka wai. Ma hope o ke kuke ʻana i ka mea kanu, pono ʻoe e kau i ka kai i loko o ka paupa. Mākaukau ka kīʻaha no ka mea mua.

Nā ʻokiʻoki

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻāpana hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi o ka iʻa gourmet me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana aʻe:

50 kalona o kaʻaila momona,
2 mau kāloti
2 keʻa,
1 hua manu
1 kilogr o ka hau
nā lauala, paʻakai e hōʻona a me nā pōpō palaoa.

Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke ʻala o ka iʻa mai ka papala, a pono e hoʻopukī ʻia ka pīpī ma loko o kahi hana palaoa. Oniki me nā kāloti ʻoki ʻia i loko o cubes, pākaʻi a hoʻouna i nā iʻa. Pono ka hele ʻana i ka ʻōpū ma kahi o kahi mea hoʻolapalapa, a laila hui ʻia me ka paʻakai, paʻakai, ka pepa a me ka hua manu. Mai ka huina e hopena ai i pōpō, berena i loko o nā pōpō palaoa a me ka palaoa.

Ma kahi kīʻaha e hoʻolōʻihi

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mea kuke hoʻolōʻihi e hana i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka iʻa ʻano maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka 0.7 kg o ka paila keʻokeʻo, pono ʻoe i mau aniani, 200 milliliters o kaʻaila, kahi ʻāpana o ke kō, ka paʻakai, ka ʻula a me nā aila liʻiliʻi. Pono e hoʻoiho i ka ʻai hau, i ʻimi a ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā ʻekika sibi e hele ʻia i kahi kīʻaha lohi. Ke lilo ka lau ʻili, pono ka kau ʻana i ka iʻa ma luna, paʻakai i ia a me nā wā me nā mea ʻono e hoʻāʻo. Ma ke kumu o ke kao a me ka momona, pono ke nahin i ʻōlelo ʻia me ka mea e ninini ʻia ai ka pāʻa a hoʻolapalapa no 20 mau minuke a hiki i kahi ʻono ʻono.

Jellied

E hoʻomākaukau i ka aspic iʻa, pono nā mea hou:

1000 kalona o ka hau
1 kaeliki,
1 kāloti
20 kalama o ka gelatin
1 kūlā lau
5 nā ʻōpōpō,
60 kalama o nā hua keti,
3 mau pīhoihoi o ka pāhule a me ka nui o ka dill
0, 5 mau lemolo,
90 kalona o ka wai
100 lemona o kaʻaila,
ka paʻakai a me ka pepa e hoʻāʻo ai.

Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hau-hau a hoʻoulu pono ʻia ma lalo o ka wai e kahe ana. Hoʻokiʻoki i ke poʻo mai ke kupapaʻu, hoʻokaʻawale i nā nahā i nā māhele. Pono ke kau i ka paila ma ka pā, ninini ʻia me ka wai a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lau bay, nā mea kanu, ka lemon, ka ʻōpala, ka wili no ka hapaha o ka hola. Pono e kānana i ka wai hopena. E hoʻolapalapa i ka gelatin ma 100 milliliters o ka wai, a laila e hoʻohui i ka mea aniani. Pono e hoʻomoʻa ka wai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolapalapa. Kahu ʻia nā mea ʻala, ʻoliva, ʻai iʻa a me nā greens i nā papa. Ma hope o nā hua e piha ai i nā momona.

Pono ka pākīkī e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hola 8 i loko o ka friji.

No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kīʻaha puʻuwai a me nā mea ʻala mai ka ʻeke, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo i lalo:

i ka wā o ka hohola ʻana i ka iʻa ʻai, ʻaʻole e ninini ʻia ka aila ʻaila i loko o ka pā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai ʻana i ka huahana mai luna aʻe.
Pono ka līlī wikiwiki a ma ka manawa like ma ka pa wela,

Pono ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā iʻa i mea e hōʻoia maikaʻi ai ka kuke ʻana,

ʻAi ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka kuke ʻana i ka ʻai, 20 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana, no ka mākaukau mua o ka kīʻaha mua.
i ʻole e hoʻopili ka hau i ka pala i ka wā e kolo ai, e ʻoki ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻaila.
Kūʻai kahi kīʻaha holoʻokoʻa e hoʻopuka i ka nui loa o ka mālama ʻana i nā huaora a me nā ʻano ʻono.

Loaʻa ia nā mea kikoʻī?

Hōʻike hou ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pōkike. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana e nā loiloi mea kūʻai aku, ʻaʻohe ʻano like o ka iʻa; like kona ʻiʻo me ka beluga, nā iʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka hau kalima i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai he mea kūʻai nui ia. Mai poina e pili pono ana i ka ʻenehana a palekana, ma kēia, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohālike moana e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hau. Inā ʻaʻole maole o ka hale kūʻai o kahi hale kūʻai a i ʻole ka lawaiʻa iʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pākōkō, no laila ʻoe e pale ʻole i kēia huahana. ʻO ka ʻano iʻa kūpono kūpono i kahi meaʻai maikaʻi e loaʻa ai nā mea leʻala maikaʻi.

E ʻike pehea e kuke ai i ka iʻa ʻai kō i loko o ke wikiō e hiki mai ana.

AIA I hele aku ai ka ICE FISH? I ka lā o USSR, ua hele ia i loko o ka hale iʻa Fish a kūʻai i ka iʻa hau maloʻo no ka uku. No ka ʻaina ʻaina e hoʻomoʻa ʻoe i nā pēpē liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻōpala - e kuʻi ʻoe i kou mau manamana lima! Kekahi mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia iʻa i kēia lā. Ua piʻi ikaika ʻo Icy, a ma loko o kekahi mau hale kūʻai, ua nalowale loa ia! He aha lā? E ʻike mākou. E hoʻomaka, kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka iʻa: ʻo ka ʻona maʻamau, a i ʻole pike e like me ka loko iʻa maʻamau. Noho ia ma ka wai o ka Antarctic. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kona koko, e like me nā vertebrates āpau, akā ʻaʻole like me ka wai, ʻoiai hoʻi e like me ka wai, me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana koko a me nā hemoglobin. Ma muli o kona ʻano kūʻokoʻa a ma muli o ka mamao a me ka paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea mining, nona ka "kumukūʻai" kumukūʻai "kumukūʻai. I nā wā Soviet, ua kūʻai ʻia ka iʻa ma 70 kopecks no ka kilogram a me nā pōpoki ua hānai ʻia me ia. Ma USSR, liʻiliʻi kahi mea e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka iʻa, akā nui ka nui i loaʻa. Loaʻa maoli ka ʻoli o ka iʻa. Ma nā wai Antartika, ʻoi ka ʻai o kēia iʻa ma ka krill, no laila ʻoi kā kāna ʻiʻo i kahi momona ʻala. ʻAʻole hanu nā iwi o Icy a me ka palupalu ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻāʻī a maʻalahi hoʻi ka pipiʻi ʻana, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi o ka pāla. No ka noho ʻana o ka hau i nā wahi ʻoi aku o ka lewa, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi o nā iʻa maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe mea pono ʻole. ʻAe, ʻo nā iʻa pololei loa! No laila he aha lā, no ke aha i nalo ai mai nā alaka, a i hea ia i noho ai, a laila ʻane ʻekolu mau manawa ma mua o ka puaʻa puaʻa? ʻO ka pane ka maʻalahi loa. Ua lilo ʻo iʻa i loko o Lūkia i mea maikaʻi loa no ka mea aia ma ko mākou ʻāina ua pau kahi mea i hoʻopau nui ʻia o ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa. No 20 mau makahiki, ua hoʻopau ka Russia hou i ka hoʻoilina waiwai o ka USSR. ʻAno wale nō ka iʻa hana a ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hopu. I ka Soviet Union, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā moku lawaiʻa nui loa o ka honua, i loaʻa: kahi lawaiʻa, noiʻi, nā moku pale iʻa, nā wahi hoʻonaninani a nā iʻa. I ka makahiki 1980, ʻo ka hopu ʻana o ka iʻa per kapita he 36 kg (ma United States 16 kg, ma UK 15 kg). I ka makahiki 1989, ua loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa Soviet kahi 11.2 miliona mau iʻa, ua nui ka 56 kg i kēlā me kēia. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o USSR i ka makahiki 1991, ua haʻalele ka moku lawaiʻa Lūkini i nā moana, a me Antarctica, kahi e noho ai ka loko i ka wai. Ua kākau aku nā luna a kūʻai aku i kahi mea o ka moku ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka manawa wale nō 1991-1995. Ua hōʻemi ʻia ka mea hao mai 3.2 a 2 mau tausani mau moku, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma o nā ʻĀwalu 700, a no ka hoʻomau i ka emi a waiho i waho. ʻO ke kāohi nui ʻana o ka moku i alakaʻi i ka like ʻole o ka hana like ʻole, hele mai kahi pūʻali poʻi, nā hana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā moku lawaiʻa, ua waiho ʻia nā mea kanu me nā kauoha ʻole, ua hala nā mea he nui.Kēia mea "perestroika" ua hopena i ka hāʻule i loko o nā hopu hopu e like me 2.4 mau manawa, a ma nā mahiʻai lawaiʻa o nā lawaiʻa - e 6 mau manawa. Ua haʻalele ʻia ka Ministry of Fishery a ua kūkulu ʻia he Komite no ka lawaiʻa. A laila ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ke Komikina Fishery Moku'āina o ka Russian Federation, a ma hope aʻe - ʻo ke Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. I kēia mau ʻōlelo āpau o ka pauna ʻana a me ka nalowale o ka hoʻokele lawaiʻa ʻana. Ua pau loa nā ipu i kūkulu ʻia i ka Soviet, a no ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka Russia hou, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pono ka pelekikena a me ke aupuni i ka hana moku ʻana. Akā ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Iapana a me Kaina iā mākou, no ka mea ua kā mākou lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa kiʻekiʻe.

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