Martes flavigula (Boddaert, 1785)
Kāne ʻohana Cunyi Mustelidae

Ke kūlana a me nā kūlana. 3 - nā ʻano ʻehā ma nā palena ʻākau o ka hoʻolaha.

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole. He holoholona nunui a ikaika ʻo Kharza me kahi kino musalelo elongated, ʻāʻī lōʻihi, ke poʻo liʻiliʻi, a he ʻoho lōʻihi kona lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ai i 80 cm, ʻehā - a hiki i 44 cm, ke kaumaha - a hiki i ka 5.7 kg. Kele ka lauoho, hele a haʻahaʻa loa, pākiki, aʻo ia. ʻĀnō ke kala: he ʻula a me ka mua o ke kua ke kua i ke kala, a hala ke aniani i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a hoʻohuli i ka uluna i kahi ʻāpana uliuli ʻulaʻula, ʻo ke poʻo o ke poʻo ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, nā ʻāpana o ka ventral, he melemele ke gula, he wahi keʻokeʻo ka umauma, nā ʻūhā a me nā ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae a me ka ʻeleʻele aneane ʻeleʻele (1).

Kālā. I ka manu o Lūkia, hele mai ka charza i nā ʻōpala, ʻo ka mea ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o kāna kaona i uhi ʻia i ka Mokupuni ʻo Nui, the Penac Malacca, Indochina, nā kahawai o nā Himalaya, Kina, a me nā kūleʻa Korea. Aia kekahi wahi kaawale ma kahi hema o ke kūloko ʻĀina. Ma ka ʻAina Amur, noho ia i ka nahele ulu a me ka hui like ʻana o ka Manchurian type ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kuahiwi, kokoke i nā kahawai ʻo Arkharinsky a me Bureysky. Ma Lūkia i kaulana mai nā wahi o Khabarovsk a me Primorsky, ka Rehi Autonomous Region. Nā ʻitlelo a me nā hana ʻona. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Charza i loko o nā puʻu conifers, ʻo kekahi ʻāpana malū mauʻu a palu ʻia. Holo pono ia i ka ʻāina a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e puʻupuʻu ai i nā ʻāpana kuʻi. Hiki i nā pīkoi. Hoʻokele ia i nā ʻano vertebrates, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā rodents a hiki i nā ʻīlio raccoon, Musk deer a me ka roe deer. Hoʻouka kekahi ʻo Kharza i nā puaʻa puaʻa, nā bipi deer, hares, nā manu, a me nā hua lāʻau a me nā huaʻai he lawelawe i hoʻokahi wale nō meaʻai (2). Koi ʻoluʻolu ʻia ka ʻōlelo ʻo biza ma loko o ka ʻāina ʻo Amur.

ʻO nā ikaika, ka palena o nā mea a me nā hoʻoweliweli. ʻAʻohe helu helu helu helu ma ka Wilayah Amur. Lele ma Harza. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā kumu no ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ka nui a me ka nui o ka charza i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana. Mahalo paha, i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hāʻawi o ka meaʻai a me ke ʻano o nā mea anthropogenic i pili i nā mea noho o kēia ʻano.

Lawe ʻia a palekana pono. Hoʻohui ʻia ma Annex III i ka Convention on International Trade i Endangered Spies of Fauna a me Flora (CITES). ʻO kahi pāpā i ka lawaiʻa, ke noiʻi ʻana o nā biology o nā ʻano nui, a me ka nānā mau ʻana i ka nui e hiki ai ke kūkulu i nā hana palekana kūikawā.

Nā kumuwaiwai o ka ʻike. 1. Doppelmair et al., 1951, 2. Yudin, Batalov, 1982. Hopu ʻia. K.S. Kauhua.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka wehewehe kikoʻī mua o ka harza ua hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea maoli Pelekania Thomas Pennat i ka hana History of the Four-Legged i 1781. Ma laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia he aloha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Nui mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hana a Boddert, kahi āna i hāʻawi ai i ka mea nāna i hoʻākāka i ka wehewehe hou a me ka inoa - Martes flavigula, ke ola ʻana o kahi marten me nā umauma melemele kukui i kapa ʻia i ka nīnau, a hiki i ka Englishian maoli Thomas Hardwig lawe mai i ka ʻili o ka holoholona mai India ma ka hale moʻomeheu o ka East India Company.

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko loa o ka marten a i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o Pliocene. Hōʻoia ʻia kēia kiʻi ma kona wahi ʻona a me ka kala atypical. ʻIke ʻia nā koena o Fossilized ma Rūsia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Primorye i ke ana o ka Geographical Society (Upper Quaternary) a i loko o Bat Cave (Holocene). Loaʻa ka ʻike mua loa i loko o ka Late Pliocene ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o India a me ka Early Pleistocene ma ka hema o Kina.

ʻElua mau huaʻai heinen (he ʻeono subspecies ka nui o ke ʻano), ʻike ʻia ʻo Amur ma Rūsia, a ma India kahi nui o nā holoholona he nui loa - ʻo Nilgir (noho ma nā kuahiwi o ka mauna ʻo Nilgiri). ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻākau o ka hale, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku lākou i nā hulu a lōʻihi hoʻi i ka hulu a me ka kala hoʻohanohano. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ke aniani, ua like ia me kahi holoholona hihiu, ʻo ia nō naʻe, akā, i ka ululāʻau o Primorye ka mea nāna e kiʻi ka mea maʻamau a he mea ʻole ka manaʻo.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Nā kiʻi: Harza Animal

ʻO kēia ʻelima o ka mammals i mea ikaika, he kino muscular, elongated ke kino, ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole liʻulohi loa ka hiʻu, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā marten ʻē aʻe, uaʻike ʻia ka manaʻo e ka maʻi ʻana me ka manaʻo ʻole e like me ka mea a kahi ʻapōpō o hope. ʻO ka muzzle kuhikuhi i mākaukau me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he ʻano like ʻole ia. He nui ka nui o Harza.

• ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 50-65 cm,
• ʻīlio ka nui - 35-42 cm,
• kaupaona - 1.2-3.8 kg.

• ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 50-72 cm,
• ʻī ka lōʻihi - 35-44 cm,
• kaupaona - 1.8-5.8 kg.

He pōkole, pālahalaha, huluhulu ka hulu o ka holoholona i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kapa. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke poʻo, nā pepeiao, ka ʻūhā, ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū o nā wāwae i ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā kālai ma ke ʻano o kahi kalai i iho mai nā pepeiao i nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī. Ke keʻokeʻo ʻula, keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka hiʻohiʻona māmā o ke kupapaʻu. Aia ka mua o ke kua he melemele-ʻulaʻulaʻula, holo i hope i kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli.

Hoʻolaʻa kēia kala i nā wāwae hind. ʻO nā ʻāpana, nā ʻaoʻao, nā wāwae mua i ka waena o ka mālamalama o ke kukui. ʻO ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma ke kala kala a he ʻulaʻula paha. ʻEleʻele nā ​​poʻo, ma keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka pena, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a palupalu nā aniani melemele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā poʻe'ōpio ma mua o nā pākeke.

Aia i hea ke ola o ka charza?

ʻO ke kiʻi: Harza Marten

Noho ka mea wali ma Primorye, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Korea, ma ka hikina o Kina, ma Taiwan a me Hainan, ma nā kahawai o ka Himalaya, ma ke komohana a Kashmir. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, e pālahalaha loa ka laulā i Indochina e hoʻolaha ana i Bangladesh, Thailand, ʻo Peninsula ʻo Malay, ʻo Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. He holoholona kekahi ma nā Mokupuni Nui (Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra). Aia nō kahi kahua kaʻawale ma ke kūkulu hema hema o India.

E aloha nui ka mea aloha polana i ka nahele, akā loaʻa i nā wahi wao nahele o nā mauna Pakistan. Ma Burma, noho ka mamalia i loko o nā kaomi. Ma ke kikowaena kūloko o Nepalese, e noho ana ʻo Kanchenjunga ma ke kaona o nā meʻa alpine ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4,5 tausani mau mika. Ma Rūsia, ma ke ʻākau, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomāhelehele o ka Ussuri marten mai ka muliwai Amur, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Bureya a hiki i nā wēlau o ka muliwai Urmi.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ʻo harza?

Nā kiʻi: Ussuri Harza

ʻO ka mahele nui o ka meaʻai he mau diates liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi ka mea i ka mea makemake i ka musk deer: ʻoi aʻe ka nui o ka ruminant no kēia mau wahi ma ka wahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu o kēia kumuhana o marten.

Holo no hoʻi ʻo ia i nā cub:

ʻO ka paona o ka huki, ʻaʻole maʻamau ma mua o 12 kg. Hoʻopilikia ka holoholona i nā pandas liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka papa hana, nā ʻenekele, nā puʻu, nā kihe a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe. Mai nā mea hānai manu e hiki ke lilo i mau maleka a i nā pheasants, nā hua hua manu. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hopu i ka salmon ma hope o ka spawning. ʻAʻole ia e pale i nā amphibians a me nā nahesa. I kekahi manawa aia nā mea nui nui i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka marten, no ka laʻana, kahi ʻāpana a he kolamu paha. ʻO kahi mahele nui i ka meaʻai, me ka hoʻopili, ua kū i ka invertebrates a me nā mea kanu kanu, nā paina pine, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā loina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: Harza i ka holoholona

Makemake ka holoholona i nā nahelehele-mauhelehele, mau lāʻau kedera a me nā nāhele lāʻau i ʻōwili pū ʻia i nā awāwa wai a me nā pali ma nā kuahiwi; ʻO ka pinepine loa, hoʻonoho ia i kahi o nā musk deer i loaʻa - ke kumu nui o kona ʻimi ʻana, akā hiki ke noho ma kahi wahi ʻole o kāna punaewele punahele. Ma nā wahi kuahiwi e piʻi aku ai ma nā palena kiʻekiʻe o nā ululāʻau, nā ʻāina ākea a me nā wahi e noho ai nā kānaka e hele ai.

E piʻi maikaʻi ka mea hahai holoholona liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka hapa nui o ka manawa i luna o ka honua. Hiki e lele i kahi mamao mai ka lālā ma kahi lālā, akā makemake ʻo ia e iho i lalo o ka ʻala i lalo. Ua ʻike ʻo ia e ʻau hele maikaʻi. Mai nā luna ʻē aʻe o nā martyrs, hoʻokaʻawale ka harz i ka neʻe a mālama lākou i nā pūʻulu. Ma ke kaʻina hana e loaʻa ai kahi pōmaikaʻi, hele nā ​​kanaka pākahi ma kahi mamao loa, me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka nahele. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻololi nā ʻōnaehana, a hiki i ka laina ma ke kaulahao. ʻAʻole hele ʻo Kharza i kona ala ʻana, e hana mau i kahi ala hou.

Hōʻalo ka holoholona nui a hoʻomehana i ʻole a i ke ao a i ka pō a hiki ke holo ma ka 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Ke maloʻo ke alanui, e peʻe ana i loko o kahi paʻa i kekahi mau lā. E hoʻohehee ʻia ka holoholona i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki: i ka pūnāwai - i Malaki-ʻAukake, i ka wā lōkulu - i ʻOkakopa. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke holo ma ke kikowaena mai 2 a 12 m2. Noho ka ʻike ma ka lohe, ʻā, ʻike. No ka launa kamaʻilio, hana ʻoi aku ia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kani o nā pēpē e like me ka squeaking.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

ʻO kēia marten, ʻaʻole like me kona ʻohana koke, noho i nā pūʻulu o nā mea lehulehu a me nā hiʻona, hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana hipa o nā ʻāpana 2-4. I ke kauwela, huakaʻi pinepine kēlā mau hui a ʻānai nā holoholona. ʻAʻole alakaʻi kēia holoholona i kahi ola paʻa a ʻaʻole ia e nakinaki ʻia i ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi, akā hana nā wahine i nā ʻiʻo no ka manawa hoʻāhewa wale o nā keiki, hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i nā hollows a i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Kūpono kēia poʻe ʻelele o ka marten i ka lua o ka makahiki. ʻO ka mea hoʻoiho, ʻo ia paha, he monogamous, no ka mea he mau pūʻulu like ʻole ia. Hoʻomoeʻo Mating i kekahi o nā manawa: i Pepeluali-Malaki a Iune -ʻAukake. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ke holo i ka lā ʻOkakopa.

ʻO 200 mau lā a oi aku paha, ʻo ka wā hāpai i ka wā hiki ʻole i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē. Hāpai kēia ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo i ka hali o nā pēpē i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē i ʻApelila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pēpē 3-4 i kēlā me kēia litter, a emi iki 5. I ka manawa mua ua makapō a he turuli hoʻi lākou, a hiki ke kaupaona ʻana ko lākou kaumaha ma 60. Ua mālama ʻo Mālama i ka hua, aʻo ia lākou i nā loʻo hunting. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki a waiho i ka pūnana, hoʻomau lākou me ko lākou makuahine a ʻimi me ia a hiki i ka pūnāwai, akā na lākou iho i hiki ke ola ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua manu a me nā invertebrates i nā papa mua.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kū maoli o Harza

Nā kiʻi: Harza Animal

ʻO ka marten ua hele i lalo, ʻaʻole aneane nā ʻenemi i kona hale kūlohelohe. Ua nui lākou no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka nahele a me ka dexterity. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau a lele aku mai kekahi i kekahi e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā mammals kaumaha: lynx a wolverine paha. ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau o ka holoholona ma ka nahele he 7,5 mau makahiki, akā ke mālama ʻia i ke pio ʻana, ola lākou no 15-16 mau makahiki.

ʻAʻole ikiʻo Marten, akā hiki iā ia ke lilo i ʻaihue no ka manu ʻōlima, kahi tiger Ussuri, ʻo Himalayan a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā bea. Akā pale aku nā mea hoʻowalewale i ka hopu ʻana i ka marten melemele, ʻoiai ka ʻona he kiko kiko, ka mea i hūnā ʻia e nā kima. ʻOiai hiki i ka tiger ke hōʻeha i kēia mamalia, hoʻomau pinepine ka charza i kēia mea noho i ka nahele Ussuri i mea e hui pū ai i ka ʻai i ka mea i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka pāʻina o ka mea hoʻomake.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO ka helu ma Rusia e like me nā manaʻo kūpono ʻole he kokoke i ka 3,5 tausani mau pahuhopu. ʻAʻole ke lawaiʻa e lawelawe ma luna ona, ʻoiai ʻo ka hulu o ka holoholona ka mea palupalu a me ka waiwai ʻole. Wahi a nā kulekele IUCN, ua māhele ʻia ʻo Kharza ma ke kumu no ka hopohopo ʻokoʻa loa. He wahi nui ka holoholona a noho i nā wahi he nui i mālama ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūlohelohe kēia mau ʻenemi. ʻAʻole kau ʻia ka mea nāna e lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa. Ma nā wahi wale nō e hiki ke hoʻopau i nā subspecies endemic.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua alakaʻi ka deforestation i kekahi hōʻemi holoʻokoʻa i nā helu. Akā no nā ʻano i kau ʻia ma ka ulu lāʻau evergreen, aia nō nā wahi nui no ka hoʻoponopono. No laila, ʻaʻole i ka emi iki o ka heluna kanaka i kahi hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano.

Noho maikaʻi ka holoholona i nā koena o nā ululāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau no kekahi mau kumu:

• Hoʻohana ka hapa nui i ka harza i ka ʻai.
• ʻAʻole lākou i ʻimi iā ia,
• kona hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me kāna ʻano e hōʻemi i ka hāʻule o ka he nui,
• ua holo koke ʻo ia aku nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hihiu.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli no ka poʻe lūlū i Asia Hema, ke kālele ʻia ka nani o ka melemele i Laos, Vietnam, Korea, Pakistan a me Afghanistan. ʻO Nuristan ka mea hoʻolako manu nui no nā mākeke o Kabul. E mālama ʻia ka holoholona me ke kānāwai ma kekahi mau wahi o kona pā, eia nā: Manyama, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia. Aia nō ma India ma CITES Appendix III, ma ka māhele II o ka ʻĀina Kānāwai o ka Kūlani Kina, i kēia ʻāina ua komo pū ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka pale aku i ke kaiapuni ke nānā aku i kēia lā ʻo ka Kharz e hana pono i nā manawa kūpono inā loaʻa kekahi o nā mokupuni mokupuni i emi iho i ka helu. Harza - he mea ʻike nani a ʻike kukui ʻaʻole i kumu nui o ka ʻoihana ma Rusia, akā he mea maʻamau ia. ʻAʻohe pono e hoʻonāukiuki i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka holoholona i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka hoki kime musle, a sable paha. Pono kona i ka mahalo a me ka pale.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Harza

ʻO ka mea pionie o ka charza ʻo ia ʻo Thomas Pennant, nāna i kapa iā ia i ka makahiki 1781, ʻo Weasel ke keʻokeʻo (ke ʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo). ʻO ka zoologist Holani Peter Boddert i hōʻole ʻole i ka ukana ʻano inoa a ua inoa hou i ka holoholona Mustela flavigula (marten yellow-throated).

ʻAʻole manaʻo nā ʻepekema āpau i ola maoli ʻia ka holoholona, ​​akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kā lākou kanalua i ka makahiki 1824, i ka wā o kahi hōʻike hou, ka ʻili o ka marten ʻoniʻoni, ua komo i ka hale moʻomeheu o ka Pūnaewele East East.

Ke kaʻina maikaʻi ʻo Harza

He holoholona lehulehu kēia e hoʻonani ai i nā kumu ʻohana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kumukūʻai o ka makahiki i nā paʻi o 2-3, ua liʻiliʻi pinepine ʻia 5-7 mau ʻohana. Holo lākou i ka hoʻohālike like, hoʻokaʻawale i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: lawe kekahi i ka mea i make, a noho kekahi i kahi hoʻohālua. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā martens i ka lei ʻalani ma ka territoriality a me ka sedentaryness: ʻo nā wahine wale nō ka mea e hānai i nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā kihi mamao loa o ka pale lāʻau e hōʻike i ka lua.

I kekahi manawa, ʻimi nā ka mea e ʻimi ai i ka mea pio ma ke ala kūwaho, e hoʻomaha ana ma nā wahi pōkole.

He hoihoi! ʻO kā Kharza hana ua kokoke kūʻokoʻa i ka manawa o ke ao, ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei ʻoi aku i ka pō i ke ao, a ʻoi ka liʻiliʻi i ka pō (ke aniani ke kukui). ʻAʻole makaʻu ka holoholona i nā mea kiʻekiʻe a, inā pono, lele ka lāʻau mai ka lāʻau a kanu, hoʻopau ʻia 8-9 m.

Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki o Harza i ka hoʻomanawanui a me nā ʻano noho maikaʻi: i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hopu, hiki i ka marten ke holo wikiwiki a lōʻihi. I kahi lā, maʻalahi ka lanakila o ka charza i ka 10-20 km, waiho i nā kaona lōʻihi, inā he nui nā mea ola e kokoke ana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻikepili o nā martens i hōʻike i ka hoʻoilo i uhi lākou iā lākou ma kahi o 90 km i hoʻokahi pule, e noho ana ma kahi hoʻokahi no ka manawa ʻole. Me ke ala, ʻo ka hele ʻana ma luna o ka puʻu snow salle e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia e ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā wāwae ākea.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ʻo marten Nepalis ma Nepal (kahi kūpono loa), a me India, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Afghanistan, China a me South / North Korea. Hāpai ka māhele ʻāina i nā peninsulas Malacca a me Indochina, nā Hainan, Taiwan, Java, Borneo a me Sumatra mokupuni, a hōʻea (ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka awela) a hiki i nā palena o Iran.

Ma Lūkia, ua noho ʻo Ussuri marten ma Primorsky a me Khabarovsk Territory (Sikhote-Alin), ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao wai. ʻO Ussuri, Amur Region, ma ka ʻĀkana Autonomous Oblast a me ka Amur Region (ma ka ʻaoʻao). Ke hoʻomau nei ka charza ma ka Crimea (kokoke iā Yalta), ka Krasnodar Territory (kokoke i Novorossiysk a me Sochi), a i ka ʻĀkau Ossetia hoʻi, Dagestan (kokoke i Derbent) a me Adygea.

Nui! ʻO ka awāwa e pili ana i nā ʻōpala lauwili a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, nā kaʻo Siberian kai a me nā kahakai kai - a aneane kēlā me kēia wahi e koho ai ʻo charza i nā ululāʻau kai loloa, i ka pā ʻia e ke kanaka.

Ma Primorye, ʻike ʻia ka pine marten i nā nahele i ʻāpono ʻia e ulu ana ma nā kuahiwi mauna (kahi mamao aku i ka pilauila), akā ma nā ʻāina kūkulu hema aia nō hoʻi ia ma nā ʻāina pāpū, a ma ke komohana-komohana o ka Himalaya, ma waena o nā pali i uhi ʻia me nā kumulāʻau a me nā wahi lāʻau juniper.

Hōʻaiʻai Harza

ʻAʻole pale i ka karnivore kongenital i ka huli ʻana iā Harza i ka manawa maʻamau i ka papa mea ʻai vegetarian, no laila ʻo ia kāna papahele (e pili ana i ka manawa a me kahi).

• musk deer a me muntzhak (ʻoi loa ʻo ia kona ʻōpio),
• kaika ʻaka, ka moose, he ʻula ʻulaʻula me nā keiki bipi ʻōiwi.
• Kīwī wahine (keiki) a me nā puaʻa puaʻa (puaʻa),
• lālani lā ke ao, nā chipmunk a me nā lele lele,
• nā manu (me nā huahe a me nā māka weliweli), a me kā lākou ʻōpio a me nā hua manu,
• iʻa salmon (ma hope o ka spawning) a me nā moemoe,
• nā ʻōpio, nā māla lāʻau, a me nā mea hihiu,
• meliōleʻa me ka meli a me nā larvae,
• nā paina pine, hua waina / actinidia hua.

Aia nā mea i ka wā i huli ai nā loiloi / maʻi maʻi ʻimi i nā meaʻai a hiki i nā ʻāina ʻāina.

He hoihoi! ʻO Kharza wale nō ka marten i kiaʻi manuahi i kēia hui: kōkua kēia i ka lanakila ʻana i kekahi holoholona nui. Me kahi kāʻei ʻōpio a iʻa puaʻa paha, ka mea nāna e hoʻopunipuni wale nō.

Ke alualu nei i ka mea i hōʻake, ua ʻoki ʻo ka marten i ke ala, ke hele ʻana i nā ʻulima hau / puʻuahi me nā lālā. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i kāpae ʻia e ka hau hohonu, kahi (a hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia i kona mau wāwae ākea) i hiki ke lanakila. Akā ʻo ka uhi ʻana o ka hau, e like me ka hau. ʻO ka paona nui loa o ka hana hoʻokahi he 10-12 kg: ua lawa kēia e hānai no 2-3 martens no kekahi mau lā.

Pahu a keiki

ʻO kēia ʻano o ke ola o ka marten yellow-breasted i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā superficially. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka wā makā, i ka wā e hakakā ai nā kāne no nā wahine, wehe ʻia i ka hopena o ke kauwela, a i ʻole, i ʻAukake. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa ka hāpai ʻana i nā lā 220-290, e like me ka nui o marten, i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ke keiki a ke keiki no kahi manawa lōʻihi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a komo ka hānau ʻana i ka hana maʻalahi. Aia ma ke kumu laulele, hoʻohana ka wahine i ka wao nahele, me nā wahi i wili ʻia me ka palahalaha a me ka nahele a hiki ʻole i ke kumu o ka puna, kahi i ka puna wai e hoʻoiho ai i kahi ʻōpala o 2-4.

Hānau ʻia lākou ma lalo o nā ʻāina (like marten), makapō a me nā kēne auditory paʻa. Mālama wale ka mālama ʻana o ka hua i ka makuahine, kahi āna e haʻalele ai i ka hoa hana ma hope koke o ka male ʻana. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā lohi, hoʻohālikelike ka ulu ʻōpio me ka nui me ka makuahine, akā ʻaʻole ia e waiho. Ke ola nei ka charz ulu a kūkala me ia a hiki i kahi puka hou. Hana ʻia kēia, ma ke ʻano he lula no ka puna wai aʻe, akā, ke haʻalele nei ka makuahine, nā hoahānau a me nā kaikuahine ʻaʻole i ʻoka like pū kekahi me kekahi.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Kharza ma nā poʻe wānana maʻamau. ʻO ka laulā nui o ke kino charza e like me nā martens āpau. ʻIke ʻia a me ka dexterity i ke kino kūpono, elongated, nā wāwae ikaika a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. ʻO ka paona o kahi kāne pākeke i ka wā hānai e hiki ke hele ma ka 3.8-4 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i ka 64-70 cm.ʻolo ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻe o 40-45 cm.

Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻo ʻana o 10-12% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO ka laulā o ke kaʻe ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaʻe ʻana, inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia mai luna mai, he triangular. ʻO ke kumu o ka triangle ka laina ma waena o nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka piko o kaʻilikai ʻāʻula-ʻeleʻele o ka ihu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o luna o ka muzzle ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ka hapa lalo.

Noho ke kino i nā wāwae lōʻihi loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kua i hope a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka pā i mua. Ua palupalu nā nāhele a ʻelua i nā hulu, a hoʻopau i nā wāwae lima. Harza— holoholona oki ana. No laila, maikaʻi nā wāwae o ka harza, mai nā peʻa a hiki i ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae.

ʻO Kharza ka mea nui loa o nā marten a ʻoi loa hoʻi ka ulaula