ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka lāʻau stickleback me kahi pūliki ʻekolu he ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i 10 cm. ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻohana ʻo ia nā hua liʻiliʻi, no ka mea i puka mai ka inoa o ka iʻa.

ʻEkolu hua kīkī ʻekolu me nā pāpaʻi o ko lākou mau kua, akā ʻo ka nui o nā spike he 9 a me 16, e hilinaʻi ʻia nā ʻano o nā sticklebacks.

Ma muli o kēia mau palu, lilo ka iʻa i pilikia no ka poʻe predator. Pono nā mākaʻu i nā mīkini paʻa, kokoke lākou i ka huelo, no laila, i ka pāʻina i ka iʻa, pono ʻoe ke hopu.

Ma kahi o nā kaulike ma ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao ākea ikaika e lilo i mea liʻiliʻi i ka huelo. Hana pū kēia mau papa i kahi hana pale i ka poʻe mea hoʻoneʻe.

ʻEkolu līlani liʻiliʻi ʻekolu (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho

No ka ʻohana ma kahi ʻāpana ray-squad detachment ka hihia. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hui pū ʻia ka inoa 5 ma kahi o 8 mau makana o kēia mau ʻelele.

Kūʻokoʻa lākou: loaʻa nā pa i loaʻa i ka pau dorsal. ʻAʻohe wahi i ka ʻili o kēia iʻa, a ʻaʻole ka maʻi kanaka a pau. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ma nā wahi finu kekahi he kikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​2 māmā nā lulu. Ke ala mai ka pōʻino, hoʻohana ka lāʻau i kāna mea kaua, e pālahalaha i nā mea kuʻikuʻi āpau. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kino o ka ʻenemi.

ʻO ka stickleback nā ʻohana o ka hulu hulu

Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino ua nui aku nei i nā papa he 30. Hana lākou i ka ʻoi aku ʻoi palekana. ʻO ka iʻa stickleback kekahi o nā mākaʻi liʻiliʻi loa o nā kino wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki i ka 5-6 cm i ka pākeke. He ʻano ʻē paha ka kala i ia ʻano, ma waena o ia mea:

• ʻehā pono,
• ʻeiwa huakaʻi
• kahawai
• kai
• hema hema
• ʻekolu ʻekolu.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea hope loa o ka papa inoa. He pāpaʻa a iʻa hina paha a me kona ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana he kālā.

ʻO ka mākoki o ka manamana he ʻekolu

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei ke ʻano o ka lāʻau a ʻoiai ke kali nei no ka hua. Ke hoʻomaka ka wai e hoʻomehana, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kāne stickleback mai ka ʻeke a hoʻomaka e kūkulu i nā nests.

Ma Kamchatka, kapa lāʻau pili ʻia ka hahalcha.

Noho nā Spike i ka wai pāpaku, kahi nui ka nui o nā mea hale. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā mea ulu mai nā wahi o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. No ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kūkulu hale, hoʻohana nā kāne i kahi huna pilikino, kahi i hūnā ʻia mai ka anus.

ʻOiai ke kūkulu nei ke kāne i ka ʻohana no ka wahine a me ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua loli maoli kona ʻano.

Ma ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻulaʻula hoʻi i lilo ka uliuli, ʻoiaku ka maka a me ka ʻōpū, a uliuli nā maka. Ke waiho nei ka kala i nā kāne a hiki i ka hopena o ka spawning, a hiki i ka caviar puka i loko o ka pūnana. Akā ʻaʻole wale nā ​​wahine, akā mālama pono nā mea wānana i nā kāne stickleback i loko o ke ʻano māmā, e lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi no ka manu.

ʻEkolu mau pūpiki hāmeʻe e ola a ʻelua i ke kai a i ka wai hou.

Ke loli pū nei ke ʻano o nā lāʻau stlebacks wahine. Ke hele mai nei nā ʻōleo o ke kala i loko o ke kino, a ʻulaʻele ka ʻōpū.

E kāohi i ka wahine i ka pūnana, hoʻoili ke kāne iā ia, ʻeli i ke kakalaioa a me nā palahala, a ke hana nei i nā zigzags i mua ona. I ka makemake ʻana o ka wahine a hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i ka nano, kīle ke kane iā ia e wikiwiki ʻo ia e māhele me ka caviar.

Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka nīnū he mau haneli aniani kala pālani, haneli ka lōʻihi o ke anawaena 1 milimita, hoʻokuʻu aku ke kāne i ka wahine. A laila e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi papake o caviar a hoʻokuʻu i kahi papa o ka waiu ma luna. Ma hope o kēlā, hele aku ʻo ia e ʻimi i kahi wahine hou.

ʻO nā ʻaeʻoki o kahi lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻekolu lā e mālama pono i ka pale o ka hua a me ka hoʻonaʻauao hou aku o nā hua. Eia kekahi, mālama ʻo ke kāne i ka hua, ʻoiai nā kāne, ʻoiai ua hiki i ka wahine hou ke ʻai i nā hua mai ka wahine ma mua, no laila ua hōʻole koke ke kāne i nā wahine i ka wā i waiho ai lākou i ka lawelawe o nā hua.

Ua ʻai nā wahine i nā caviar haole no ka mea makemake nui loa lākou a ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻonui i nā manawa kūpono o ke ola ʻana o kā lākou caviar.

Inā kūleʻa ke kāne a wiwo, caviar mai 6-7 mau wahine keu paha i loko o kāna pūnana. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia waiho ʻana, hoʻonui nui ke kāne i ka nalo i mea ʻaʻole nui ka pilala o ka caviar a hiki iā ia kahi maikaʻi. Loaʻa i ke kāne ke kuleana o ke pānaʻi, no kēia, aia ia ma ka puka o ka pūnana a hoʻoulu ikaika i kāna mau peʻupena, kuhikuhi i ka kahe o ka wai i ka bipi.

A hiki i ka waʻa pākolo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ka makuakāne mai waho o ka pūnana. Akā i ka wā e puka mai ai ka palaoa i waho o ka caviar a hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻohana kālā, hoʻomau mau ka hana a nā kāne. Pono ʻo ia e pale i ka pīpī mai nā keiki keiki ʻole e ʻoka ana e ʻai iā lākou. ʻO nā kāne ʻōpio e holo ana i ka pīkī, ua hui ʻia i loko o nā ʻohana. ʻO ka male stickleback i ka mālama mau i kāna moa ponoʻī a hoʻi i ka waha o kāna mau pēpē i haʻalele aku i kāna pūnana.

ʻO ke kala o nā pūliki manu ʻekolu pono e pili ana i ka makahiki, ke kūlana physiological, ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa a i ka manawa paha.

ʻO ka makua mālama hānai a kahi keiki ponoʻani kahi kīloe i pau ka mālama ʻana i kāna hua ma kahi o 45 mau lā ma hope o ka masonry. I kēia manawa ulu, ulu a ke'ōpiopio a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Ke hui nei ke kāne a me kāna ʻōpio i kahi kula o ka iʻa pākeke.

Noho kahi e noho ai

Loaʻa paha i kahi nui o nā sticklebacks e loaʻa i nā Seʻa Baltic a me White. Aia ia ma nā kahawai o Western Siberia, ma lalo o ka Dnieper, i nā North Donets, i nā wai wai o Keʻalelima, Azov a me Caspian Seas, a i nā ilmen ma ka ʻāina Astrakhan. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka Volga a me nā muliwai o ka Volga basin.

E aloha ana ka iʻa maʻa i nā wahi mālie me kahi papa mālie. Hiki iā ia ke mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā muliwai, nā loko me kahi ʻāpana a iʻa ʻeli paha a i nā ʻāpana e uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu.

ʻEkolu mau pūpū ʻekolu a me nā ngona eiwa i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a. Ma Lūkia, nā wahi noho lāʻau lāʻau i ka wai e kahe ana i loko o ke Kai Waomaʻo a me Baltic, nā kahe o ka Far East, nā wahi kihi o ka Leningrad Region, Lake Onega.

Noho ka lāʻau palani ma ke kahakai holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa, e hoʻomaka ana mai Norewai a hoʻomaka me ke Bay of Biscay. ʻO nā wahi noho ma nā kai kahakai.

ʻIke ʻia ka hapa hema ma nā ʻaoʻao desalinated o nā kai Azov, ʻ Blacklepa a me Caspian, a me nā kahe e kahe ana ma loko o lākou. Noho pū kekahi i ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ka Dnieper a me nā North Donets.

ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau pono lāʻau ʻekolu

ʻO ke kino o ka stickleback, e like me nā kai o ke kai, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia e ka mea kaupaona, akā ma nā ʻaki iwi, e hana ana i ka ʻāʻī a ikaika a puni ka iʻa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, aia nā ʻohana ʻelua i ka kauoha Kolyushkoobraznye, akā i nā ʻohana like ʻole. Mai ka ʻohana stickleback, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano he 12. Aia i loko o St. Petersburg kahi e noho ai kahi koloka o ʻekolu mau 'āina, a ʻo ia ka mea i huli ai i "ʻānela mālama" i nā lā o ka poloka.

Keʻano o ke lāʻau pono lāʻau ʻekolu-pono

Loaʻa nā lāʻau ʻekolu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā wai wai i loko o ke kai a me ke kai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka puka wai. Hoʻopili ke kino, akā i ke kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke kumu caudal pōkole i loko o ka moni caudal, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka lobes. Ma kahi o nā unahi, pale ʻia ke kino e nā ʻāpana iwi, a me he mea lā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi ʻāpana. Ma ke poʻo i kuhikuhi nui ʻia nā maka nui e hōʻike.

ʻEkolu mau pōkole nui i loaʻa i ka waena o ke kua i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ke kiʻi stickleback. Ma ko lākou helu, loaʻa i ka iʻa kona inoa - ʻekolu pono. Ma hope o nā kīwī, ʻo ia ka pauʻu dorsal. Akā ʻaʻole kēia pau ka “mea kaua” o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o ka fins ventral, ua loaʻa pū kekahi pū. ʻO nā mea i hānai ʻia he mea weliweli maikaʻi loa a koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka mea kaua weliweli - nā kakalaioa

Ke hoʻomaha ka lawaiʻa lāʻau, hoʻokau maikaʻi loa nā pua i ke kino.

Ma kahi hōʻeha a wīwī paha e kū mai, hoʻoulu nā kiʻi a pālahalaha aku i ʻekolu ʻaoʻao - mai ke kua a i nā ʻaoʻao mai ka ʻōpū. I kēia kūlana, pana lākou i ka waha o ka mea nāna i kūʻai.

I nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne ma mua o ka puhi, ua hoʻohana pono ʻia kēia mea kaua. Hōʻike pinepine ia i nā māka i lanakila i ka hoa hakakā me kāna mau poʻokela.

ʻO nā kala a me nā ʻokoʻa

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kala o ka stickleback, a ma muli nā mea he nui: ka wā, ke kūlana ʻona, ka nohona a me ka manawa:

• kālā kālā
• i ka hoʻoilo he kalaʻula-kala ke kala, a i ke kauwela he mālaʻala-brownish me ke kumu kala.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine. Akā i ka manawa o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, lilo ia i hope o ke kāne, ʻulaʻula loa ka hapa o ke poʻo a me ke kino.

Ke hoʻololi pū nei ka wahine - ke hele mai nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino a ma ke kua, loaʻa i ka ʻōpū i ke kala ʻulaʻula. Ma hope o ke kīlohelohe, lilo nā ʻano like.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka lāʻau ciki-hoʻoluʻu pākēneka kekahi o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻohālike o ka paternity hoʻohālike. ʻO ia ke kāne ka i hana i loko o ka kūkulu ʻana i ka pili. A ma hope mai, mālama pono ʻo ia i nā caviar āpau a me ka pīkī iʻa.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nīnū ma luna o ka lāʻau pāpaku ma waena o nā mea kanu aku, ʻoiai he ʻano papa haʻahaʻa. Kuhi ka poka ma lalo: nā ʻōpio i ke one me ka waha a halihali i ka ʻaoʻao.

ʻO nā haʻawina a me nā koena o nā mea kanu, ka mea e paʻa ai ke kāne me ka mucus mai nā ʻaoʻao o kona kino, e lawelawe pono ana i ka waihona. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūnana ma luna o nā mea kanu wai i lalo a kanu ʻia i ka silika, no laila ke kaulana. Kue ke kiʻi o kahi male male lāʻau e hōʻike nei i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka lepo o ka mea kanu no ka hana ʻoihana.

I ka mākaukau ʻana o ka pūnana, hoʻonāukiuki ke kāne i ka wahine i loko o ka moena, aia no i kekahi mau sekona a hoʻokō ʻo ia e waiho i kāna ʻāpana huaʻai (ma kahi o 100 huaʻai). Ua kipaku koke aku ke kāne iā ia a wikiwiki ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono i kāna mau hua. ʻImi ʻo ia i kahi wahine ʻē aʻe a hana pū me ia. Hiki i nā kāne ʻōpio ke hōʻiliʻili i nā hua mai ka ʻeono a ʻehiku mau wahine (150-180 hua manu).

A laila ua hiki mai ka manawa no ka haunaele o ke kāne.

• Ke kiaʻi nei i ka nano, kālau ʻo ia i nā mea āpau ʻē aʻe.
• E hoʻoponopono a hoʻoponopono i ka pili.
• Hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala caviar me ka wai hou - hoʻonaninani iā ​​ia me nā peni pectoral.

I loko o 10-14 mau lā, i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai ka caviar, ʻaʻole nā ​​kāne ke kāpae mai ka pili. Akā ʻo ia ke hōʻoia i ka lawaiʻa ʻole a ka lawaluna, a inā pono e hoʻihoʻi hou iā lākou i ka papa kūpono i ka waha.

ʻAʻole ola ka lōʻihi o kahi stickleback ʻekolu-palena makahiki. Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola (i nā wai wai wai). ʻOiaiʻo ia he liʻiliʻi, ulu vororaʻo ia - kahi ʻano o ka mea kahapili liʻiliʻi. ʻO kāna meaʻai: pīpī a me nā hua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe (me kāna ʻano ponoʻī), nā wīwī, nā ʻōpū manuahi, nā kaola pepeke.

Pehea e hopu ai i ka stickleback i ka wā o ka pā

ʻO ka poʻe noho o ka hoʻopulapula iā Krondstadt i hoʻohana aku i nā mea e hoʻokalakupua ai, ma kahi o nā ʻupena no nā hopu ʻana i nā lāʻau: nā pāpale, nā peke, nā ʻeke, nā T-shirt, nā nū ʻohu manu no ka hopu ʻana i nā pōpoki me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Ua waiho ʻia nā mea kālai lāʻau i nā lāʻau lāʻau ma lalo o ke alahaka a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā lākou "mau pū" i loko o ka wai, e kau ana ma kahi kihi e kū kūʻē i kēia mau minuke no kekahi mau minuke, a laila huki koke ʻia. I kēia manawa, aia ka nui o ka iʻa a me ka hapalua o nā iʻa. I mea e hopu ai paha ma kahi o ʻelima mau haneli of stickleback ma kēia ala, ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi o nā hola 5-6.

ʻO ka pepeiao a me nā kīleʻa i hana ʻia mai nā iʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hōʻike pono i kahi mea momona, a ʻo ka mea nui - ke ola maikaʻi. Eia kekahi iʻa - blockade stickleback.

Kūpono i ka iʻa ma nā ʻalihi metala

ʻEkolu mau pōmaʻa keleawe a me nā ʻio keleawe - ʻo ia ka mōʻī ma ka lāʻau blockadeback aia ma luna o ka wai wai o ka waʻa Obvodny ma kahi kokoke i ke Alanui Kūleʻa ma Kotlin Island ma Krondstadt.

Mai ka "Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" e aʻo ai mākou i ka noi e kūkulu i kahi monumona i puka i ka makahiki 1957. A i ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o 2004 ua manaʻo ʻia ka papa hana paʻi ma nā hālāwai lehulehu. A laila ua hana hou ʻia a hana ʻia ma ke ʻano hope loa e ka sculptor N.V. Chepurnov. A i ka makahiki 2005, ua kū ʻia ka monument a wehe ʻia - Mei 8.

ʻEhā mau laina mai kahi mele a Maria Aminova, kahi moʻo Kronstadt, kākau ʻia ma ka pākaukau.

Ma ka makahiki 2012, ua kākau ʻia ka mōʻī o ka pahu blockadeback ma Krondstadt i loko o ka Buke o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ke Kaua Nui. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu, ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo Ianuali 27 (ʻo ka lā o ka huki ʻana iā Leningrad) nā keiki a me nā keiki o ka sieges e lawe pua i ka mōʻī. A loaʻa i kā lākou lawaiʻa kuʻuna kuʻuna i kā lākou moʻomeheu - e kipa aku i ka "sticklebacks keleawe" ma mua o ka lawaiʻa. ʻO kēia, ma kahi hōʻailona, ​​e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa.

Maʻolelo

Kekemapa. ʻOyekahi-ʻekahi
ʻO ka lua o ka makahiki.
Ma luna o nā hanu a pau
ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka makana.

Hoʻohana hou i ka hale kūʻai.
Lawe au i ke kani i mua o ka maka.
E like me ka māmā o ka hoʻohou
Fuss e pili ana i ka stickleback.
A lima o kekahi iʻa
Me ka match, ma ke kakā,
Nā wahi ʻawa
Me ka moeʻuhane o kahi lāʻau iʻa.

E like me ke paio ʻana
E like me kahi manu
Mahalo ʻia ma ka poloka
He lāʻau lāʻau mākou.
E kokoke loa iaʻu
ʻAʻole nā ​​mea āpau i ke ao o nā pū.
ʻIke wau i ka ʻekena
Paʻi ʻohi nei.

I ka wā o ka poloki, i ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai ma ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopuni ʻia a kokoke ka ʻai āpau i hopu ʻia a ʻai ʻia ma ke Kaiwa ʻo Finland a me nā ʻauwai, hoʻokahi ʻano mea ʻole e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai ke ola a ʻaʻole i ʻai ʻia i ka wā maluhia a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka "hopohopo" e nā lawaiʻa. hāliuli. He iʻa liʻiliʻi kahe e waiho ana i ka ʻupena, me nā pahu iwi ma kahi o nā unahi a me nā pupu i ka paʻu dorsal a ma ka ʻōpū, ua paʻa nā poʻe blockade me nā ʻupena, nā kāleka, nā pāpale, nā T-shirt. I ka pūnāwai, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā brigades no kāna hopu ʻana. Wahi a nā memoir o ka blockade, "ma 3-4-4 mau hola ... ua hopu lākou i nā pupu ma luna o ke kīkē puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ka 4-6 kilogram. ʻO kēlā i ka wā i iho ai ka hau. "

Ma ka 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau "stickleback fat", i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hale hānai e mālama ai i nā puhi a me nā hōʻeha.

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka pepeiao mai ka stickleback me ka hoʻohui o ka iʻa, nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka hau i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻāpana o nā iʻa i pau ai, ua lawe ʻia nā ʻalāʻau mai ka iʻa, a me ka ʻiole i hilo ʻia i loko o kahi māla iʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻaila kīʻaha ʻona o ka ʻulaʻula, i loaʻa ʻia mai ka stickleback. Nui nā mau blockers e ʻoki i ke ola lāʻau.

Ua paʻi ʻia lākou ma lalo o ke kākā mua a Elagin. Hele mākou i lalo o ke alahaka a ma laila, e waiho ana ma luna o nā lāʻau lāʻau, hoʻomaka e hana me nā ʻōpala. … Kaʻaina !! Ma ka hapa like ʻole, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka lōʻihi hapa hapa o ka iʻa e holo ana i nā pua hipa ma ke kai, ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa ... ʻEhia mau manawa aʻu e hoʻāʻo ai e hopu i kahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi lima me kahi keiki kāne - ʻaʻole loa wau i kūleʻa. A eia mākou i wahi iho ai i kā mākou mau hīnaʻi i loko o ka wai, hoʻonoho iā lākou a kū ma mua o ke aniani ma kahi kihi ākea a huki maila ma hope o hoʻokahi mau minuke. Nā kinipōpō 10-15 kuʻe i ka hīnaʻi.

I loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha hola, ua piha ka ʻōpala.
Kuke ʻia, kīwī, hana ʻia i kahi ʻoki mai ona. Ua hānai ʻo ia i kona makuahine i kekahi mau lā, e hoʻololi mai i ka tapaa. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo i kēia pākeke, nā mea ʻānai a keʻa ʻoluʻolu loa ...

I kūʻai ʻia ʻo Iceballs me nā hoʻopili lāʻau ma ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ka hopena o 1940s.

Hoʻopau hoʻomanaʻo

Hōʻike ka "Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kiʻī i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi ua ala i ka makahiki 1957, ua kāhea ka mea paʻi o ke kūlanakauhale i ka poʻokela "I kekahi lā i ke ola o Kronstadt blockade", ka luna o ka Council of Veterans of Kronstadt M huki ʻia i ka makahiki 2004, he manaʻo. V. Konovalov. I Ianuali 2004, ua waiho ʻia ka waihona kiʻi paʻi no ka loiloi lehulehu, a nānā hou ʻia. ʻO ka monoc, i hana ʻia e sculptor N.V. Chepurny ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻaha ʻ Councillelo o nā Veterans o Kronstadt a me ka International Foundation "300 mau makahiki o Kronstadt - ka hoʻihoʻi hou o nā Shrines", ua kau ʻia ma ka pā komohana o ka waʻa o Obvodny, kokoke i ke Alanui Blue. Ua wehe ʻia ka wehe ʻana ma Mei 8, 2005.

ʻO ka micromonument, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai loko mai o ka pā granule o ka kanawai, he mea e hōʻike ana i nā iʻa keleawe ʻekolu ma luna o nā nalu metala. Ma ka papa lāʻau he mau laina mai ka poʻi a ka wahine poʻo Kronstadt Maria Aminova "lāʻau blockadeback":

Noho malie ka hoe a me ke olima,
Aka kani mau ka leo -
Pākuʻi ʻia ka iʻa liʻiliʻi
He aha ka mea i kōkua ai i ka poʻe e ola ...

Ua kau ʻia ka monog ma ke "Buke o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ke Kaua nui" i paʻi ʻia nā pepa me kona kiʻi. Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kuʻuna kauhale no ka lawe ʻana i nā pua i ka waihona o Ianuali 27, ʻo ka lā i hāpai ʻia ai ka pākeke Leningrad. He māla inoa o ke kūlanakauhale: inā kipa ʻoe i ka mōʻī ma mua o ka lawaiʻa, e maikaʻi ka iʻa i ka pecking.

Pehea ke ʻano o ka iʻa lāʻau?

Hoʻopili ʻia ka inoa i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa elima mau ʻano genera a a ʻewalu mau mau ʻano. Aia nā māka i nā poʻe āpau i mua o ka hope dorsal. Hoʻopau hele ʻole nā ​​unahi o kēia mau iʻa. ʻAʻole nā ​​kānaka āpau i kahi ʻōpū ʻeha a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e kekahi molina a i hoʻokahi mau ʻelua ʻāpana. I ka hopena o ka pōʻino a i ka wā e hoʻopā ʻia ai e kahi predator, ua hoʻolaha ka stickleback i kāna mau kīʻaha ākea a ke kī ʻia nei lākou.

E aloha ana ka iʻa i nā wahi me kahi papa mālie, kahi haʻahaʻa lalo a me nā kahe i haki ʻia me ka mauʻu. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano āpau i loko o nā pepa paʻani nui. ʻO kēia ka paʻakikī o ka lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa, no ka mea me ka neʻe iki ʻana i ka huakaʻi holo nui ka mea āpau i kahi mea i hāʻule i ka wai.

Hoʻaiho

ʻO ka Stickleback kahi iʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea maʻamau. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i ka moana, brackish a me ka wai hou. No laila ke noho nei ka stickleback ma nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ka Azov, Caspian a i lalo ā hiki i ka Dnieper a me kekahi mau muliwai ʻē aʻe e holo ana i loko o lākou. Loaʻa nā ʻekolu a me nā aniani he ʻumi mau haneli ma kahi kokoke o Europa. I Lūkini, hiki ke ʻike i nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka Pōuli a i loko hoʻi o nā loko o ka māhele Leningrad. Keʻa kai - nā iʻa kahakai. ʻIke ʻia ia ma Komohana ʻEulopa ma nā kahawai pali o Bay of Biscay a me ke Kaiāwili o Finlandia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Norewai a me ke Kai Baltic.

ʻĀina waiwai

Ma mua, ua ʻu ʻia kēia mau iʻa liʻiliʻi i ka Baltic, Keʻokeʻo a me Azov Seas, a i Kamchatka. Loaʻa ʻia ka palaoa momona maikaʻi mai loko mai o ia mea. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau stickleback e like me ka mea ʻai holoholona, ​​a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kanu no nā mahina. I hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Leningrad, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka aila ʻaihue ʻenehana maʻi i nā hale lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā hōʻeha a me ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau kuni.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka stickleback he iʻa nona ka waiwai waiwai nui. ʻAi ʻiʻo ʻo ia i nā mea āpau, no laila hoʻokomo i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hua o nā moʻomeheu waiwai.

Kahiki mea paʻa hema

ʻO ka wai paʻakai-wai a i ʻole nā ​​wai he benthic wai hou a hiki i 6 cm ka lōʻihi. Kolo ʻia kēlā iʻa ma ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, aia kahi ʻokoʻa i ka ʻāina Helene - ke kīʻaha o nā kahawai Aljakmon a me Vardar. Mālama ʻia ka stickleback, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea kanu. Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kino o ka iʻa a hoʻoulu ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. Kāleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka kala, a he kālā ka ʻōpū, i kekahi manawa me ka tinge melemele. Hoʻuehu ʻia nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻāpana i loko o ke kino, e hoʻomohala ana i ka manaʻo o kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike.

ʻEleu-huʻu huiki ʻaihue

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o ka mea ma mua (ka lōʻihi - nā kino 5-7 cm). Me ka nui o ka lawaiʻa pākeke pākeke, ʻaʻohe ona waiwai kūʻai a hoʻokele waiwai paha. He ʻano ʻāpana laupili a me ke kino elongated kēia ʻano, me nā maka nui (i ke kiʻi lua). Hiki i ka kua ke loaʻa kahi pale pale brown, ka ʻōpū - ka kala māmā. Hoʻololi ka kala i ka kāne i ka wā spawning. ʻĀleʻele ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao, a keʻokeʻo ke ʻano. He hii ʻai hiehie kēia o ka Atlantika, Arctic a me Pacific Ocean, ma Great Lakes basin.

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea iʻa e makaʻu ai ka iʻa, pono ke haʻi i ka wai hou (perch, pike, pike perch, catfish, burbot, chub) a me ka moana (herring, herring, gobies, etc.) i nā mea kūʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā nāhelehele, nā pehikole, nā baki, nā manu manu a me nā mammals. Pili wale ia i ka noho.

Kakuhaka

ʻO ʻumikūmālima ʻumikumamālima Kuhi ʻia ia ma ka hele ʻana o 14 a 16 mau spines liʻiliʻi ma ke kua. ʻO ke kino o ka iʻa he slender, spindle-ʻano, me kahi ʻāpana ʻoki a lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi. He ʻulaʻulaʻula ke kua ke kua, a he gula nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hoihoi hoihoi i ke kala o nā kāne i ka wā spawning - huli lākou i uliuli. ʻO ka nui o kahi pākeke e hiki aku i 20 cm i ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe ke ʻano - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻohi i nā hipa, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Kakahi laka

E hōʻike ʻia ma nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko i ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika. Mai iā 4 a 6 (ka nui loa 5) nā kuʻi i mua o ka hope dorsal. Aia ke kupu a 6 cm paha ka lōʻihi o kona ākea a nui loa. Ke hoʻololi nei nā males i ka wā koho o ka kala maʻamau i ka ʻulaʻula māmā. ʻO ke koena o ka moʻolelo a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano me ka hua e like nō me ka ʻano o ka stickleback ʻekolu ʻekolu.

Kālā lāʻau nui

Aia ka ʻike kālima holoʻokoʻa i Kronstadt. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka pou ʻia i ka makahiki 2005. Hāʻawi kahi hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi i nā nalu ʻili a ʻekolu mau iʻa liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili ʻia iā lākou. ʻO kahi kokoke e ʻike ʻoe i nā laina o ka poʻi "Blockade Stickle" e ka mea mele ʻo M. Aminova.

No laila, nīnau ka nīnau no ka iʻa pēlā - stickleback, e pane ʻoe no kēlā me kēia kanaka o St. Petersburg i ka hōʻoia. E hāʻawi aku paha i kahi ʻano maikaʻi no kona hoʻomākaukau. ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi puʻu weliweli i mālama ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani ola.

ʻAi ʻia kekahi lawaiʻa e hopu i nā iʻa nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka honua wai he maikaʻi hoʻi e like me ka trofi. ʻO ka laʻana, liʻiliʻi ka iʻa lāʻau, akā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano kūlike a me ka hana. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka mea hoʻopihapiha kēia a hiki i ka mālama pōpilikia hiki iā ia ke pale iā ia iho i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka iʻa lāʻau stickleback liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano maʻamau a me ka paʻakikī.

Hoʻaiho

Hoʻokahele ʻia ka stickleback e like me ke ʻano o ka wai. ʻO nā ʻelele wai wai mai komo i ke kai. Loaʻa a ʻike ʻia lākou i nā kino wai hou wale nō. Noho ka iʻa iʻa i ka wai o ke kai, akā i ka wā o ka spawning ua hele lākou i nā kai kahakai.

Noho ka nui o nā iʻa moliki i noho i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa a ma Western Siberia. Heʻuʻuku loa i ka Volga a me kona mau wai. ʻO ka helu nui o kēia mau ʻelele ua ʻike ʻia ma nā muliwai o ka bashi.

• Kuʻi Baltic
• keʻokeʻo
• Eleʻele
• Azovsky
• Ke Kahu Caspian.

ʻO ka iʻa spiked ka maʻamau ma ka Dnieper a me ka North Donets. E hopu iā ia, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā wahi me ka mālie a me ka holo malie. Makemake ʻo ia i nā loko liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai me nā kahakai palupalu, kahi lalo lepo. Hiki ke ola a hiki i kahi kuʻekuʻe. I loko o nā hale noho me ka nui o nā iʻa i mālama i nā kula nui. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻouka i kekahi mea e hāʻule i ka wai.

Ma muli o kāna mau koi a ikaika loa, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe loko o nā loko wai he paʻakikī a keu loa. Me ke kōkua o nā pupu, ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i ka hoʻohemo ʻana i waena o lākou iho. ʻAi nā Spines i ka caviar haole, a i ka nui. Ma muli o ka nele o nā ʻenemi, hiki i ka iʻa spiny ke hoʻopololei i nā hua. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka noho ʻē aʻe o ka noho ʻana. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ke ola o nā sticklebacks he liʻiliʻi a he 3-4 mau makahiki wale nō.

Kaʻaiʻai ʻo Prickle

Ua hoʻolako ʻia kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi me ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa. ʻAi ʻo ia i kekahi meaʻai, eia naʻe, ke kumu o kāna meaʻai:

• nā ʻōpala
• kaka,
• plankton,
• ulia pepeke
• nā mea ola e noho ana ma lalo o nā loko.

No ka mea he poʻe kānaka hoʻohālike lākou, ʻai nō lākou i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole, a me kā lākou hua, a me ko lākou mau hoahānau. ʻO ka manawa no ka hopu ʻana he pō ia. Ke koho nei lākou i ka iʻa e neʻe ai, hoʻoikaika maoli, alualu i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka holoholo ʻana i ka wā o ka mahina piha ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka wā e nui ai ka kukui kukui.

I ka ʻike ʻana o ka hopu ʻia, wikiwiki koke ka lāʻau pili i kāna mea i hopu ai, e hopu pū ana me ia i nā ʻā. ʻAʻole waiho nā niho kīpoki i ka mea i make. Pihi ka poʻe pili i ka ʻeke i ke kahua o ka hoʻouka ʻana me ka manaʻo e hauʻoli i ka mea i hopu ʻia.

Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa

No kekahi lawaiʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻano hoihoi nui kēia ʻano iʻa, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻono mea momona. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e nā keiki mai lalo. ʻOiai he laʻa ʻo ia, e lawe mai kekahi hana i nā manawa maikaʻi, no ka mea, e hoʻomau mau ʻia ka stickleback.

Ua hāpau ʻo ia i nā hua manu, nā maggots, nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻūlū ʻana i kahi paʻa ʻoka. I ka lawaiʻa o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana ʻia nā mormysks kiʻi like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui. Ua kanu lākou me kahi wū, kahe koko a i ʻole kahi maggot e koho ai. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻana, pono pono ke ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole e paʻi i nā kī hōʻā.

No ka hapa nui o nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ka stickleback he iʻa lau. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā ia ka noi ma ke kūkulu ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻaina ʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻa aʻa a me ka mea kanu no nā māla. Ke holo nei kekahi poʻe aloha o ka iʻa i ka loko i loko o kā lākou mau mea hale.

Kolyushkovye - liʻiliʻi, mai 3,5 a 20 cm, ke kai a me ka iʻa wai ʻākau o ka ʻōpū ʻākau. Paʻewaʻo ke kino, elongated, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope. He kua lahilahi ka cuncal peduncle, maʻa mau me ka carinae lateral.

ʻOi aku kahi ākea o nā pana a pau no ka hoʻouka a me ka pale ʻana. Ma ke kua a ma ka ʻōpū aia nā lōlō āpau, ʻaʻohe mākaʻi, akā i ka nui o nā ʻano palu me nā pale ʻoi ʻia me nā mea kaua mai nā papa iwi nui. Aia nā lāʻau lāʻau ma ka helu o nā kakalaioa a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻanee ma ko lākou mau kua: ʻekolu koʻokoʻo, ʻeiwa ʻeiwa ʻiwa, ʻehā, a laila. 5 mau ʻenehana, 7-8 mau ʻano ma ka ʻohana stickleback. ʻEkolu mau huaʻala nui ʻekolu (Gasterosteus) ka mea maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Algeria), ʻAmelika Hikina a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I loko o USSR, hoʻokahi hoʻokahi ola - ʻekolu mokulele paʻa palena (Gasterosteus aculeatus) .

ʻOi loa ke kino o nā lāʻau ʻokiʻoki ponoʻī a he kiʻekiʻe, a laila e koi ʻia, me kahi lāʻau caudal pōkole. Ma kahi o nā unahi, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino me nā papa iwi, e like me ka holo. Kuhi ʻia ke poʻo. ʻAe pau ka waha, o ka ʻona nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā membran Gill i ka hue inter-gill, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā lehelee ma ona. ʻEkolu mau hale nui ma mua o ka pau dorsal. ʻO ka pūpili o ka ventral i lilo i mau pupu. Hoʻopili nā sporsal a me nā ʻōpū i loko i ke kūlana i hāpai ʻia me kahi pākahi kūikawā a he mea kaua formidable. Noho nui nā ʻōpū ʻekolu i loko o ke kai a i nā wai hou, ke noho nei i ke kai i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wai wai, ua paʻa loa ka ikaika, ke kīleʻa hope ma luna o ka caudal peduncle i hoʻolālā maikaʻi, nā papa bony ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino i ka lālani piha, ma nā wai wai i loaʻa kēia mau papa i kahi kokoke i ke poʻo a ma ka ʻōpū o ke caudal. . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lālani ʻekepili ʻekolu i loko o ke Kaiʻula a hiki i 9 cm (ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau ka lōʻihi o nā kāne he 6.5 cm, nā ʻōpio he 7,5 cm), a ma ka Pakipika o ka Pakipika ma kahi o Kamchatka a hiki i ka 10-11 cm. I nā wai wai a me nā wahi o ke kūkulu hema, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o 4-6 cm.

He ʻokoʻa nā ka waihoʻoluʻu: ʻulaʻula-brown i nā ʻano wai hou a mai ke kala kala-ʻala a ʻalaʻulaʻula i nā ʻano kai, i ka poʻe ʻōpio - nā kala. I ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa o ka spawning, lilo ka umauma kāne a me ka ʻulaʻula i ke kukui ulaula, he kua ʻulaʻula ke kua, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā maka. Nā helehelena pōʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao o ka wahine a ʻulaʻula poni a ke kala me ka melemele.

ʻEkolu mau pūniki paʻa maikaʻi ola i loko o ke kai a me ka wai hou. Hoʻokahele nui ʻia i ke kahakai o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Pākīpika. Ua loaʻa ia ma kahakai o Murman a me ke Kaiʻula, akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o Siberia ʻaʻole ia. ʻO ia ke oʻa kahakai o ʻEulopa mai nā Black and the Mediterranean Seas a i ka Baltic, i ka Pae o Faroe, Islandia, Greenland, i waho o kahakai o Amerika mai ka Hudson Bay a hiki i New Jersey. Ma ka Moana Pakipika mai ka Bering Strait ma hema a hiki i Korea a me Kaleponi.

I ke Keokeo ʻoihana, ʻo kā mau mākiha ʻekolu mau manamana iʻa he kai pelagic maoli. Ma ka Pae o Kandalaksha mahope iho o ka wehe ʻana i ke kai, i ka hopena o Mei, i loko o nā nui he nui ke kokoke i nā kahakai. I kekahi mau wahi, i ka manawa ākea o ka stickleback, e huli maoli ka wai i ka iʻa maʻamau i ka nui o ka iʻa e lele ana mai kahakai. I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka iʻa o ka iʻa i ka hapalua hola me kahi ʻauhau hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi.

I ka mahina o Iune, ua hoʻopiha maoli ka stickleback i ka palena holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa a mālama i kahi pua liʻiliʻi e kokoke ana i kahakai. I ka wā mua, hiki ʻo nā wahine wale ke hoʻokokoke i nā kahakai. I ke awakea-Iune, ʻike ʻia nā kāne, hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i nā nests a me nā ʻuʻuku. ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa ʻia ka huaʻala o ka stickleback i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe (mai 65 a 550 mau huaʻai), akā no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hua, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka hapa nui o ke ola ʻana o ka palaoa. Ma ka ʻūhū o Iulai i kū mau ai, i ʻAukake lākou mālama lākou i nā hipa i loko o nā lei o ka lau o ke kai, ma ke kahakai, a e ulu wikiwiki. I ka mahina o ʻAukake, haʻalele nā ​​stickleback i ke kai, me ka wahine mua e haʻalele ana, a laila ʻo nā kāne, a i ka hoʻomaka o Sepatemaba nalowale hoʻi nā ʻōpio. I ka piha ʻana o ʻAkake, loaʻa nā ʻohana hipa he nui i loaʻa i ka Paena Pōhaku, a i nā wahi i kahi mamao loa mai ke kahakai. Pahu iho lākou, aia paha ma kahi hohonu o 15-30 m, kahi e hoʻomanahana ai nā pae wai i ka wā o ke kauwela he lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ke kūwaha nei nā kūoʻi i waho o ke kahakai i ka wahi i kūkulu ʻia a i nā wai hou o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. I ka wā mālama, he aloha nui nā kāne a me nā hakakā ma waena o ka make: ua wehe maoli kekahi o nā hoa kū i nā lā ākea.

I ka pūnāwai, kūkulu ke kāne i kahi pāhele ma ka lalo ma kahi panina mālie, ma waena o nā lālā o nā mea kanu aku, kahi i ʻole mau ʻia, akā ʻaʻole ikaika loa. Kohi ʻo ia i nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu wai a me nā kinipina o nā mea kanu ma laila, e hoʻopaʻa iā ia me nā kaula ʻala a hoʻopili iā lākou i nā kumu kanu. Mai kekahi manawa i ka nānā ʻana i kāna kūkulu, me he mea lā e hoʻāʻo ana i kona ikaika, e ʻohi ana i nā ʻaoʻao e kū pono ana i nā paia, ka ʻaki ʻana i ka lemus, e lilo ana he "plaster" e hoʻopau i ka "lumi". Lawe ʻo ia i nā pebbles e ukana i ka hale a hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa.

ʻO ka manawa maʻamau paha ma nā hola 2-3 e kūkulu i kahi pūnana, akā maʻamau ka manawa i hoʻokahi pule a oi aʻe paha e kūkulu. ʻOkoʻa loa ka nui o nā ʻuʻuku: i kekahi manawa he nui ka nui o ka walnut, akā hiki nō iā ia hoʻi ke kīʻaha kīʻaha liʻiliʻi. A laila hoʻokomo ka kāne i ka wahine i loko o ka pūnana. I mau kekona kekona o ka noho ʻana i ka moena, e pani ana ka wahine a 100 mau huaʻai. Aia ʻoiai e hōʻailona ʻo ia i nā hua, hoʻokuʻi ʻo ke kāne iā ia i waho, a hoʻohālikelike i ka hua a ma hope o ka wā e hele ana i ka ʻimi o kekahi wahine e hoʻohui hou i nā hua i ka mea i kau ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia hana i nā manawa 2-3 a hiki i ka nui o nā hua ʻili, e ʻohi pinepine ʻia nā hua he 150-180. Ma hope o kēlā, mālama pono ke kāne i ka nalo, hoʻomāeʻe ʻo ia i nā mea a pau e hoʻokokoke ana, hoʻoponopono hou ia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hōʻulu i ka caviar, hoʻoulu ʻia me nā ʻāpana pectoral, hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka wai o ka wai. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua mai ka lā 8 a hiki i ʻelua pule, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka wai. Ke kau ʻia ka pila, hoʻomāneʻo ke kāne i ka hale o ka pili, huli nei i loko o kahi ʻano ʻai. ʻO kekahi mau manawa ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i ka mālama o ka moa no kahi mahina ʻē aʻe ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana iā lākou, kiaʻi lākou iā lākou mai ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana mai ka pūnana a ulu lākou. Akā i ka hopena, hoʻōki ia i ka makemake i loko o lākou a hiki ke ai ʻole i ka manaʻo o ka ʻai o kāna hua. A hiki i ka hoʻoilo, e mālama i nā ʻohana i kahi kahakai i ka pala o ka lau o ke kai, a laila e hele i nā wahi hohonu.

ʻO ka ola ola o kahi lālani ʻekolu lāʻehā he 3-4 mau makahiki, ua hiki i ka wā i ke kūkulu hema ma ke kau ʻana o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, a ma ke Kaiʻula ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka makahiki ʻekolu. Hiki i ka stickleback ke hana i ke kani a hoʻokani paha.

ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka paliki ubiquitous palupalu nui loa a he gluttonous. E hānai ana i nā pūpū liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke insect, nā pepu, ka caviar a me ka pā o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi hihia i ka 5 mau hola, ua ʻai kekahi lāʻau lāʻau ʻai 74 i nā koina o ka manaʻo, kēlā me kēia he 6 mm ka lōʻihi, a ma hope o ʻelua mau lā i ka wai i ka lā 62. Ua ʻai i ka plankton, he mea hoʻokūkū ʻo ia. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka lāʻau pili iā ia ka mea e ʻai no ka wai lawaiʻa, nā iʻa a me nā kohu manu. I ke Kai Keokeo, i ka wā spawning, ʻai ʻia ʻo cod. ʻO kēia ke kākā Belomorskaya i kēia manawa ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ʻano pelagic, e kū nei no kāna mea pio i ka wai o ka wai. ʻO nā ʻōpū Cod i piha i ka stickleback. Ma hope, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā kahe stickleback e komo i loko o lākou, a hiki ke hōʻea i ke Iulai, ʻohi. ʻO nā ʻuala o ka palaoa ka nui pūleʻa nui (Cyanea arctica), a ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ma loko o ka ʻōpū o ka puʻu.

I nā wahi he nui, ua maʻi nui nā kili me nā wī. ʻO lākou kahi host waena no nā tapeworms (Schistocephalus spp. Mai Cestoda), kahi, i ka papa hulval, e ulu nui ana i nā nui nui i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa a huli i nā pākeke i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā manu kai ʻai ʻia.

I nā lawaiʻa, stickleback he ʻano maʻamau "weed weed".He liʻiliʻi ka waiwai waiwai, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ko kāna momona i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka kuke ʻana, a me ka hana no ka linoleum, kekahi mau varnish a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma ʻEnelani, Kelemānia, Kelemānia, East Germany, ʻo Baltic i ʻōlelo ai, Suetena a me Finlandia, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā lālani ʻekolu-spined. Hoʻomāliʻi lākou i ka ʻenehana mai laila, hoʻoheheʻe i ka momona, ka mea i hoʻohana no ka hana ʻona, a hoʻohana pū i ka stickleback no ka momona ʻana i ka iʻa i loko o nā loko, nā moa, moa, nā puaʻa a me ka mea kanu. I ka wā o ka poloki, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea iʻa, nā keke iʻa a me nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe mai ka stickleback i loko o nā canteens o Leningrad a me Kronstadt. ʻO ka momona stickleback momona ʻōwili e loaʻa ana he 5 mg% carotenoids, kona hoʻohana ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻeha i hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.

Ma nā kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika kahakai, i ke kai mai Newfoundland a hiki i Cape Cod, ka mea nui i ka wai kahawai. kahi Lala ʻelua-ʻelua (Gasterosteus wheatlandi), hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o 10cm.
ʻEhā mau ʻāpana hāmeʻe (Apeltes quadracus) maʻamau ma kai mai Nova Scotia a hiki i Virginia. Nā mea komo i ka wai me ka wai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻAʻohe o nā iwi o ka iwi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻōleʻa ka ʻili. Mālama nui ia ma nā crustaceans planktonic. Piʻi pinepine ʻia i loko o nā wai hou, kokoke i New York mai Mei a Iulai, a i loko o ka wai maloʻo o ka Mokupuni o Mane ma hope iki. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nīnū ma mua o kahi ʻekolu kahiki o kaʻili. Ua emi mai hoʻi i ka 2.5 cm ke anawaena, conical a me kahi recess ma luna. Lawe ke kāne i ka hua a hoʻokomo i loko o ka lua o ka pūnana. He melemele nā ​​hua, a me ke anawaena o 1,6 mm. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana, pili pū lākou i mau pālohi. Ma ka hale kikowaena i kahi mahana o 21 ° C, kahi manawa incubation o nā hua ma kahi o 6 mau lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā palaka i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana o 4,5 mm, ua like lākou me ka kahe o kahi lālani ʻekolu o ka lālani, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puaʻa.

Brood stickleback (Culaea inconstaiis) ka mahele ʻia i nā muliwai liʻiliʻi o nā kahe nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa iā ia he 4-6 (maʻamau 5) nā spines i mua o ka paʻu dorsal. ʻO ke kino lōʻihi a hiki i 6cm. He hoʻoikaika a ʻāhana kēia ʻano. ʻO nā kahawai wai āpana i nā pūnāwai puna he ʻaina mālaʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, kūkulu i nā ʻōhiu a mālama iā lākou e like me nā kāne me kahi ʻano nui o ʻekolu.

ʻO ka huaʻai he ʻewalu spined, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi paha, nā pahana (Pungitius) i loaʻa nā ʻano ʻehā a me kahi subspecies i maʻamau a maʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

Nine-needle stickleback (R. pungitius) he kino wahi hanehole mānoanoa me ka pelē caudal pālua a me ke kīleʻa pōkole; aia wale nō ma luna o ka caudal peduncle ka carinae lateral i uhi ʻia me nā papa bony liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia nā membrane gill a hana i kahi pālahalaha ākea ākea ma ka isthmus. Ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka melors-dorsal he 7-1 mau pōkā liʻiliʻi e kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano zigzag ma nā ʻaoʻao like. ʻO ka pūpili o ka ventral i lilo i mau pupu. Lahi a hiki i 9cm, maʻamau 5-6cm. I ka wā moe, e ʻeleʻele nui ka kāne.

ʻO ka stickleback ʻeiwa ʻeiwa he ʻano ʻūhā nui loa a ʻoi aku ka wai hou ma mua o nā ʻano ʻekolu. Kahele nui ʻia i ka Arctic Ocean, Baltic a me North Seas, ʻaʻole ia e hele ma ka hema ma mua o Central Europe a me New Jersey. ʻIke ʻia ma ka Moana Pakipika mai nā kahakai o Alaska a hiki i Kodiak Island, nā kuhina o nā Bering a me Okhotsk Seas, nā kihi Kina wale nō (P. pungitius sinensis) a me nā subspecies Sakhalin (P. pungitius tymensis) i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao hema.

Noho ma ka wai maʻamau, akā aia pū kekahi i nā wai kūʻau a me nā pā. I ke keena ʻo ka moana keʻokeʻo ma Iune - ʻAukake. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua nui ka wahine i kā lākou hua ma ka pūnana. Hoʻoikaika ʻia kā lākou huʻu; ʻo 350 mau huaʻā hua. Kūkulu ke kāne i kahi pūnana a pale aku i ka caviar e ulu ana.

ʻAʻole ia e like me kahi lāʻau ʻekolu, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pūnana ma luna o nā mea kanu wai, ʻaʻole ma ka lepo. Ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, ua kapa ʻia kēia lāʻau lāʻau ʻoi he ʻumau.

Noho ka lāʻau kūkulu hema (R. platygaster) i nā wahi o nā ʻano o ka Black, Azov a me Caspian moana a ma lalo o nā kahe e kahe ana i loko o kēia mau moana. Hoʻololi nui ia, hana i kahi ʻano o nā wahi kūloko. ʻO kāna lōʻihi maʻamau ʻo 3.5-5.5 cm, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 7 cm. ʻAʻohe keke ma luna o ke ʻano caudal. ʻO nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi - nā Aral stickleback (R. platygaster aralensis) loa i loaʻa i ka moana Aral, ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ke Syr Darya, Amu Darya a me Chu.

ʻO ke kai, a i ʻole lōʻihi, nā stickleback (Spinachia spinachia) He pao kona, he peluhiki, elongated, he elongated, he elima a he elima a ke alo, mua ka huelo o ka lōʻihi, he kua lahilahi. Ma ke kua he 14-16 mau pūkaua liʻiliʻi. Nā pōkole ʻo nā luina a me nā anal, 5-8 mau laha. Mai ka wili o ka gill wehe a i ka huelo e hala ana i kahi ʻāpana o nā iwi kani. Hoʻomaka ka lālani dorsal ma hope o ke poʻo, ʻo nā bifurcates kokoke koke, e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma ke kumu o ka spors dinesal a fin, a laila hui pū ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka caudal peduncle. Aia nā pelekane e kū ana ma ke kumu o ka anal anal a ma lalo o ka caudal peduncle. ʻO ke kua a me ka huelo o ko ke kua lā he uliuli-ʻulaʻula, he gula nā ʻaoʻao. I ka wā hoʻomaha, e uliuli ke kala o nā kāne. Lahi a hiki i 17-20cm.

Aia ma o ke kai o West Europe mai ke Kaiā o Biscay a i Northern Norway, i ke kai Baltic a hiki i ke Kaiā o Finland. He mea lawaiʻa kēlā me kēia kai iʻa. Noho ʻo nā lālani ma nā kahakai kaohi a mālama i ke kūʻokoʻa ma mua o nā kakalaioa, ʻaʻole i ʻohi i nā hipa.

Kūkulu ʻia ke kāne mai kahi alga twig i kahi pāpaʻomaʻo i ka nui o ke poʻo o ke kāne, huki pū i nā kaʻina i hūnā ʻia e nā kaula keʻokeʻo, a hānai i ka wahine ma laila, e waiho ana i nā hua. Nā ʻāpana ʻāpana Amber me ka diameter o 2mm. ʻO ka manawa hoʻomohala o nā hua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka palaoa ʻo 3-4 mau pule. Mālama ke kāne i kāna pūnana a mālama i ka hua i kanu ʻia, hoʻopuka a hoʻomake ʻia, hoʻokumu i kahi kahe wai, etc.
Ma waho o ke kapakai o Pelekane Nui, ʻike ʻia ka stickleback i kahi manawa hoʻokahi ola makahiki hoʻokahi.

Ma kahi o ka pau ʻana, kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi ʻoi me nā pupu ma kona kua e hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia me kahi meaʻilihune e noho ana i ka ʻākau ʻākau. ʻO nā inoa inoa o kēia iʻa ka consonant, akā he ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou ola ʻana.

Pākuʻi ʻia nā lāʻau ʻekolu i ʻole ka wae

Noho kēia mau iʻa i loko o ka wai wai a me nā kino wai paʻakai i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau ʻākau. Noho ka Spike i ke Kai Kai, e kokoke ana iā Novaya Zemlya a me ka ʻoihana ʻo Kola. Ua noho hoʻi nā noho lāʻau ʻekolu mai loko o ka Baltic a hiki i ke Kaiʻula ma Black. Noho ʻo kēia ʻano holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i Greenland. Ma ka Far East, ua māhele ʻia lākou mai Korea a hiki i ka Bering Strait. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kēia mau iʻa ma Iapana a me nā Mokupuni o Kuril.

ʻO ka waiwai o nā sticklebacks i ke ʻano a me nā kānaka

ʻO nā mea iʻa ʻia nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻekolu, ʻaʻole ko lākou ʻai wale nō, akā ke kālai ʻia o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, no laila, i loko o nā hale kō e noho nei i nā sticklebacks, ʻoi ka nui o nā kānaka noho ʻē. A hāʻawi i kēia mau iʻa hiki ʻole ke noho i loko o ka wai paʻakai, nā wai paʻakai, nā kahawai a me nā pōkele, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohiki ʻana o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, i ka wā hoʻoiho ʻana, ua pālaʻi nā sticklebacks i nā kino wai hou, kahi e aʻa koke ai lākou.

He lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe, kahi paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻokoʻa i ka hope caudal. Nā puʻuwai dorsal a me nā anal

hoʻololi i ka hope o ke kino a aia i lalo o kēlā me kēia. Ua kau ʻia nā spines o 3-4 i mua o ka puʻu dorsal, hoʻokahi pōpoki ma kēlā me kēia o ka puna ventral. Ua paʻa lākou i kahi paʻa paʻa pono, no laila e paʻa ʻia i loko o ke kūlana pololei a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopuni i lalo ma lalo o ka pona ikaika o ka waha o kahi mea kūʻai. ʻAʻohe o ka lāʻau a ka stickleback, akā, ʻo ka kino o nā mea he nui i mālama pono ʻia e ka lehulehu o nā papa ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​pale. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā papa i ke kino, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā sticklebacks: kahi ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ai kahi laina o nā papa nui i leka uila ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, kāhea ʻia trachurus Ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano me kahi helu liʻiliʻi leiurus a ʻo ka waena ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua semiarmatus. Loaʻa nā pīpī ākea a i ʻole maʻamau ʻaʻohe nā papa i ke kino. I ka hoʻohuiʻana i kēia mau papa, he nui nā kānaka pākahi o nā papa liʻiliʻi i ka lāʻau caudal. Hiki iā ia i loko o kēlā me kēia o nā ʻano ʻekolu, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā lāʻau kele lāʻau pono-ʻekolu me nā papa ʻole ma ke kino. ʻO nā kumu āpau o nā sticklebacks ke kumu o nā noiʻi he nui e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka hoʻoilina o ka nui o nā papa, ka pilina ma waena o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā papa a me nā spines, a me ka hilinaʻi o kēia mau papa hana ma ka nūpepa o nā mea ākea i nā kino wai.

Kūleʻa ka kala o ke kino ma ka stickleback ma muli o ke ʻano o ka loko a me ke kau, a me ka loli i ka manawa spawning. I ka hoʻoilo, he uliuli ke kumu lāʻau a me ka ʻōpū e noho ana i ke kai, he uliuli ke kua a ko ke poʻo o ke poʻo, a i ke kauwela ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka piko o ke poʻo a hiki i ka laina i hope e ʻulaʻula-hina. ʻO nā hua wai mai ka wai wai mai nā loko wai me nā wai piha ʻole a me nā mea māla pōkole ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū mālamalama a me kahi pōuli (brown or green) paha, ʻōlelo ʻia nā wahi pōkole ma ke kino. Ma kekahi mau hale kōkuʻu he ʻone ʻeleʻele loa. Ma ka manawa o ka spawning, lilo nā kāne stickleback i mea nani loa. Loaʻa i hope ke kala i loko o ke kala, ka ʻili o ke kino me ke kālā, a me ka ʻōpū, nā lehelehe, nā pāpālina a me ke kumu o nā ʻala i huli ʻulaʻula a hiki i kahi kala ʻulaʻula, a me nā kala cinnabar. Hoʻowili ʻia nā maka me nā peʻa azure a lilac-uliuli paha. Ma kekahi mau loko, ua ʻeleʻele loa nā kāne. I nā wahine, nāwaliwali nā kīwaha o nā kapa moe: ua nui nā wahi poʻomanaʻo nui i ke ʻano poʻomanaʻo i ke kua ʻulaʻula, i hoʻoiho ʻia me ka pua metallic, a he ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻaoʻao. Hoʻokomo ka spike i ka nui o 11-12 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka iʻa ma kahi o 4-6 cm ka lōʻihi.

ʻEkā nui nā hua lāʻau ʻekolu i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke kai nui o ka Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika. I ʻEulopa, e noho nei mai Novaya Zemlya, ke Keokeo Pōhaku, nā Kola Penola a me Iceland a hiki i ka Mīkini a me ke Kaiʻula o Black, a aia nō ia ma ke kai Baltic. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAi, noho nā hale noho mai Greenland a New York. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke kahakai o ka Pakipika mai ka Bering Strait a i Korea, aia ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Iapana, ma ke kapakai ʻAmelika - mai Alaska a hiki i Kaleponi Kalani. Ma nā wai o Lūkia, he mea maʻamau ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa (koe wale nō no ke kahawai ʻo Caspian moana) a i loko o nā wai wai o ka ʻōpū Pakipika.

I ke ala o ke ola, hoʻokaʻawale ka wai, nā wai kai a me nā migratory sticklebacks. E noho mau ana ke ʻano kai i loko o nā kapakai o ke kai a kahe ai ma ka wai pāpū me ka paʻakai a hiki i ka 20-25 ppm. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano pepa mai mākou mai ka moana wai ʻo Kandalaksha o ke Kai Keʻāina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pupu ma mua o ka wai kai a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka puʻu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pahu predator ma kahi kai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo e pale pono ʻia nā lāʻau ʻekolu i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai nā mea hoʻopiʻi e nā ʻehā a me nā papa. Inā he mau mea ʻaʻole i kaua i ka loko o ka wai, e ʻohi pinepine nā mea wānana i nā sticklebacks, akā ʻaʻole mau nō. Loaʻa nā hihia i ʻai mau ai nā pikes i kahi lāʻau i loko o ka wai, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka iʻa ʻoka ma laila. No kahi predator nui me ka waha ākea ākea, ʻo nā lima o ka stickleback ʻaʻole ia he pilikia kūikawā. A kekahi mau inikua e hānai ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (nā ʻōpala o nā dragonflies, nā wai piha), i kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake i nā lāʻau koʻikoʻi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou ke hopu a paʻa i nā pua lāʻau ma mua o ke kō me ka puʻulu a me ke ʻano maikaʻi.

Noho nā lāʻau lāʻau i loko o ke kai, akā kanu ma ka manawa kauwela-kauwela i loko o nā wai hou - nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko. Ma hope o ka hakakā, make ka ʻelele a hoʻi i ke kai a i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o ke kahakai a i ʻole ka mamao o lākou mai ka hohonu hohonu. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, holo ka wai i loko o ke kai. Hōʻike ʻia e hiki i nā mea hele a me nā puka palapala ke komo i kekahi. ʻIke aku, ʻo kēlā mau stickleback i loaʻa ʻole ka nui o ka pā i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o ke kai. Noho ka wai pani waiʻai a hoʻoulu i nā wai wai me ka ʻole o ka hele i ke kai, ʻoiai inā ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia ka wai i loko o ka wai kahawai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻi liʻiliʻi i nā sticklebacks: invertebrates o nā papa wai o luna, diatoms, larvae pepeke, nā nūnū, ka iʻa a me ka iʻa manu, mollusks, nā iniseti lele. ʻO ka molekula kīnāʻai i loko o kēlā me kēia aukē pākēnū e hilinaʻi nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā hua lāʻau stickleback ma mua o ʻApelila-ʻAukake, e kūlike ana i ka mahana a me ke kūlana māmā o ka waiwai. Ma Southern Kaleponi, loaʻa nā mea hānai manu me hoʻokahi makahiki. I kekahi mau lā ma mua o ke kiko ʻana, e koho ana ke kāne i kahi no ia ma lalo iho a ʻeli i kahi lua ma laila. A laila, hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻuʻu liʻiliʻi o nā lau a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu i loko o kona waha, e laina ʻo ia i ka haʻalulu o ka fossa me lākou, e hoʻoponopono ana a hoʻonā ʻia me ke kuihuna i hana ʻia e nā keiki a me

hūnā ʻia mai ka wehe genitourinary. A laila e kūkulu like paha ke kāne i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole o ka pā o ka pūnana, a laila ka paia. Ma hope o kēlā, kau pono ʻo ia i ka pūnana, hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻano maʻamau maʻamau, e kokoke ana i ka spherical, e hoʻonui ana i ka wahī a me ka hoʻoluʻu i nā ʻāpana. Ma ka manawa like, neʻe kaʻi kāne aku o ke kāne mai ka ohu i nā iniseti āpau a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻo ia i kahi malihini me ka hoʻolei wikiwiki koke a, inā ʻaʻole ia e lawe i ka lele, hoʻokuʻi iā ia a i ʻole, ke kahiki ʻana i kāna huelo, huki iā ia mai ka ʻāina o ka kiaʻi. I ka wā o nā hana lawaiʻa me nā mea like o kā lākou ʻano, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā loina.

No ka hana ʻana i nā nalo stickleback, ʻoi loa ka palena o nā wai wai me nā wai hoʻomehana a me ke anuanu, koho ʻia nā mea kanu make a me nā ʻāina palupalu. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā nests ma kahi hohonu o 20-50 sentimika. ʻAʻole komo nā wahine i kekahi ʻāpana i ka hana a hoʻokokoke wale i ka nano i loko o ka pau hope loa o ka hana ʻana. I kēia manawa, pau ka kāne i ka hana hoʻonāukiuki i nā wahine, me ke ʻano o nā malihini ʻē. Ke hele nei kekahi wahine, neʻe ʻo ia iā ia, e hana ana i kahi hulahula "zigzag": kahi kīhai i kū mai a mai ka wahine. Hōʻike ka pīloe mai kēlā wahine i kahi kono kono iā ia i ka pūnana, a ʻo ka lele ʻana i ka wahine kekahi hapa o ka ʻano nui o ke kāne. I kēia hihia, ua hāmama ka waha o ke kāne, a paʻa nā ʻōpio. Lawe ka wahine makua i kahi kūlana i ke poʻo nui i pane i kēia hula. ʻAneʻe ke kāne i ka pūnana, kaomi ʻana i ka wahine me ia, a hōʻike iā ia i ka puka o ka pale. ʻO ka wahine "brakes" i kona komo ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻokuʻu koke ʻo ia i kāna snout i nā ʻaoʻao. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka wahine i ka hua, hoʻopau koke ke kāne a male i ka wahine mai ka wahi e pili ana. A laila hoʻomau ke kāne i nā hana makua: hoʻomāloe ʻo ia i nā hua kanu i ka hohonu o ka pūnana, ʻūwī i ka lalo, hoʻomāhelelele, hoʻomāhelele i ka pūhulu a hoʻomālohe i ka puka i komo ʻole ai ka hapa o ka hua i ka pololei ma mua o ka waha, akā he ʻili. pili i ka mua. I kēia manawa āpau, hoʻohiolo pinepine ka kāne i ka pūnana me nā neʻe o nā peni pectoral. I kēia manawa, huhū nui ʻo ia a ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i ka wahine ʻē. Akā, ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, i ka pau ʻana o kāna hana, hele hou ke kāne i ka hoʻā ʻana a i loko o kahi lā hiki ke hōʻiliʻili a hiki i kā 6-7 mau pale i ka hano.

Ma hope o ka piha ʻana i ka pūnana, pau ka makemake i nā kāne aloha i ke kāne, a hoʻomaikaʻi maoli ʻo ia iā ia iho i nā hua. Hoʻowili wale ia mai ka nalo wale no ka lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ka lūlū me ka kiaʻi mai ia mau ʻenemi a pau, ka manawa hoʻi ka hoʻonaninani, ka ʻili ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua make. Mālama kēia kiaʻi 10-14 mau lā, a hiki i ka iʻa hope loa i haʻalele i ka nū. Ma kahi hebedoma e mālama pono ana ke kāne i nā ʻoni manu i manu ʻole ʻia, e hoʻāʻo ana e mālama iā ia i ka pūnana.

Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu i nā wahi i loko o nā nisa o nā kāne like ʻole. ʻO ka lawelawe, e like me ka nui o ka wahine, hiki i nā hua mai 20 a 400 paha, a me ka nui o ka uluʻana o kēlā me kēia kau - a hiki i 1400 mau hua. I ka wā hiki, hiki i nā kāne a me nā wahine ke komo i ka hana a hiki i ka 10 mau manawa. I kekahi mau lehulehu, ma hope o ka hele mua ʻana, make ka hapa nui o nā kānaka. Ma keʻano maʻamau, ola ka sticklebacks i 1-5 mau makahiki, akā maʻamau ka 2-3 mau makahiki. He nui o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, a me nā mea ʻai manu, i lilo i poʻe iʻa i nā ʻano iʻa me ka holoholona a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau kiʻi ʻekolu-palena. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā palaoa a me nā momona, hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā hōʻeha a me nā kuni.

Aia nō hoʻi he mau ʻāpana manuahi i loko o kā mākou wai, ma ke alo o ka pau dorsal aia ma ke ʻano he 7-12 (loaʻa 6 a 13 paha paha nā mea kikoo i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau ʻanoʻano, ka laha loa ʻeiwa huakaʻi a i ʻole liʻiliʻi, stickleback(Pungitius pungitius), e noho ana ma ka mokupuni a me nā wai moana wai launa a me nā kai kūʻono moana o ka moana Arctic moana a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika Moana. I ko kākou ʻāina, ua ʻike ʻole ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano i loko o nā lau o ka Waʻa ʻeleʻele a me Caspian; a me ke kahakai ʻo ka Pākīpika, loaʻa i kahi ʻakaʻī he ʻaka ʻewalu i ka pūpū o ka muliwai ʻo Amur, loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o Sakhalin, a me ka mokupuni ʻo Shantar a me Kuril. Loaʻa kāna ʻano semi-aisle i ke kahakai kahakai, a pālahalaha kekahi i nā lago panto a bay, a kū aʻe paha i ka wai wai. Kūkulu nā ʻeleʻele i kahi pūnana mai nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole ma ka lalo o kahi waiho wai, akā aia ma luna o ka ʻāina i waena o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopili i kahi nīnū no ka caviar, kūkulu ka kāne i kahi lua o ka pūnana ma mua o ka mua - kahi "kahi poʻo" no nā ʻōlapa. Noho ka kekahi wai hoʻopōʻai kokoke i Sakhalin - kahi ʻāni ʻekahi mau kino o Sakhalin (P. tymensis). Makemake ʻo ia e kū ana i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai me ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali me ka nui o nā mea kanu, kahi āna i alakaʻi ai i kahi noho pilikino. Haole, a iʻa Amur paha, ʻei kāri ʻeiwa (P. sinensis) ua loaʻa ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika o ʻAsia mai komohana Kamchatka a i Korea me ka Bohai Bay ma Kina, ma ka Shantar, Kuril a me nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana a ma Sakhalin. He wahi wai wai kēia e makemake nui i nā wai wai me kahi wā nawaliwali. I nā keiki kāne ʻeiwa eiwa ʻewalu mau, i ka manawa i hele ai, lilo nā kāne i ke koʻala-ʻeleʻele me nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, a aia wale nō ma ka hema hema mea hoʻopaʻa(P. platygaster), nā mea maʻamau i nā ʻeke o ka ʻeleʻele, Caspian a me Aral

kai, mai la ke kaʻe o ka ʻuʻina o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e kū ana i ka wahine, ke alakaʻi ʻo ke kāne iā ia i ka ʻōpū. Noho ka lāʻau ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma nā ʻuʻuku o nā kaona, nā loko kai hou, nā kahe, nā kahawai a me nā kahawai ka mea ola i nā wahi ulu o nā mea kanu, kahi e kūkulu ai nā kāne i kā lākou mau lua.

Aia ke kai ʻo Baltic, aia kekahi lāʻau kai, a i ʻole ka palu lōʻihi, maʻamau i ke Komohana komohana (mai Norewai a ke Bay of Biscay). (Spinachia spinachia). Loaʻa nā ʻōpū hoʻokahi i loaʻa i kēia ʻano ma ka Luga Bay. ʻO kēia iʻa, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 15-20 cm, he kino elongated loa me kahi nui (40-42) o nā pelepina lateral. Hoʻopili i nā laina kuahi, aia kekahi nui o nā ʻōpū o nā iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna a me ka lalo o ka ʻaoʻao caudal o ke kino, ka mea e paʻa ai ka paʻa o ka iwi ma ka huelo. ʻO nā mahele dorsal maʻamau 15, ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Noho ʻo kēia lāʻau ma ka wai kai i ka punawai mai ka 5 a 35 ppm, a ua make i ka wai hou. Kūkulu ke kāne i kahi pālua i waena o nā algae o nā kahakai o ke kai.

Noho kahi o nā wai o Lūkia a me nā māka o kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe Pimperous - nā pua galiilima pōkole (Hypoptychidae). Kāwili liʻiliʻi i paʻi ʻia (Hypoptychus dybowskii) ka laulā ākea i ke Kai o Iapana, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kai o Okhotk, ka moku o Shikotan a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Iapana ma ka Pakipika. He wahi liʻiliʻi kēia (a i ka 9,5 cm lōʻihi) ka iʻa kai me kahi kino elongated piha ʻōpiopio e kūwili ʻia ana me nā wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻohe o ia nā loina ventral, akā ua liki ʻia ka dorsal a me ke kūoʻa i ka hiʻu o ke kino a aia i lalo o kēlā me kēia. Ua kuʻekuʻe ka hope caudal, nui nā maka, waha me ka iwi haʻahaʻa. Ma ka waenakonu o ka ʻōpū, mai ka popo pectoral a i ka anus, kahi mākaʻikaʻi ʻike ākea, aneane aniani ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Noho kēia holoholona i ka pou wai i lalo, ma kahi hohonu, kahi i mālama ʻia ai i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi.

Kāpena. - M .: Astrel. E.D. Vasilieva. 1999.

ʻ Dictionarylelo Pelekania F.A. ʻO Brockhaus a me I.A. ʻO Ke ola holoholona ʻo Efrona

HOOKOHUIA O ANIMALS - Pono nā holoholona a pau e loaʻa ka meaʻai, pale iā lākou iho, kiaʻi i nā palena o ke kaiāulu, e ʻimi no nā hoa aloha, e mālama i ka keiki. ʻAʻole hiki ʻole kēlā mau mea a pau inā ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻano o ka kamaʻilio ʻana, a i ʻole e kamaʻilio ʻia, nā holoholona. ... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kahi mea nāna e kamaʻāina. He ʻano paʻakikī kāna. ʻAʻole i ʻai ka ʻai hedgehog i nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ka hale aku, pono ʻoe e kau iā ia me nā ʻohana.

ʻOi aku ka makemake o Pufferfish e peʻe i ka pale. E kūleʻa ana lākou i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. Hūhai pinepine ka ʻedekehog i nā algae. Inā he mau lua i ka iʻa, e ʻau lana i loko o lākou.

Mākaukau ʻo Tetradon no ka hana hou ʻana i ka wā e huli ana 1 makahiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke waiho i 2 mau kāne i loko o hoʻokahi mini-loko, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ka hakakā ʻana no ke palena. E hana hou i ka kūleʻa, e kanu i nā algae, hornwort a i ʻole cryptocoryne. No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka spawning, hānai ʻia ʻo Pufferfish me nā snails a me ka ʻai. Hāpai nā kūpeʻe i kahi mahana o + 28 tikelika.

Pono e hoʻonoho ʻia ka iʻa ʻai Hedgehog ma ka aquarium me nā hoahānau, me ka hiki ke ʻai i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe

He mea nui ia e ʻike pehea e wehe i ka tetradon wahine i ke kāne. ʻOi aku ka wahine nui, ua haʻi ʻia nā wahi i ke kino. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kuhi, kuʻi ke kāne i ka wahine. Inā ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i ka hana kolohe, ʻaʻa kekahi mau kāne i ka lalo a hūnā ma hope o nā algae kūpaʻa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO nā sticklebacks e noho nei i loko o nā wai nui o ke kai (ke kai) ke makemake i ke ala kaʻawale i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa, kokoke me ka ʻole e hālāwai me ko lākou mau kaikuaʻana.

Ke lilo ʻana i poʻe semi-predator, makemake lākou e hūnā ma mua o ka huli ʻana i ka hū, me ka manaʻo no ka ʻaʻa manu e kokoke kokoke ana.

Ma nā wahi kahakai o ke kai, hōʻuluʻulu wale nā ​​iʻa i nā kula i ka wā o ka moena, a me ke koena 9-10 mau mahina - kūʻokoʻa ka neʻe o ka neʻe ʻana ma ka waʻa.

He ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā ​​ʻano lepa o ka wai - ke hele nei lākou i ka iʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻi e mamao i ko lākou pae. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e kokoke i ke kahakai kahawai, aia kahi nui o ka lako meaʻai.

Pehea e hopu ai i kahi lāʻau?

He mea maʻamau nā iʻa i nā waihona waiwai nui a ʻaʻohe waiwai koʻikoʻi ʻenehana.

No nā mea hoʻokūkū -ʻa lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole ia ke lilo i kahi pahuhopu kūikawā, akā no ka poʻe makemake e noho kokoke kokoke i kahakai - ke hopu maikaʻi, no ka mea he kahakaha ka stickleback a hiki ke pai i nā ʻāpana āpau.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka stickleback ma luna o nā mea hānai feʻaila a ma luna o ka mākaʻi papahele. ʻO ka mea nui ʻo ia he maunu - he uʻe a he maggot paha. I ka hoʻoilo, ua makemake ʻo ia i ka pecs i ka marmushe tackle a me nā koko koko.

I kekahi mau hihia, lawe ikaika ʻo ia i nā holoholona "kukui" a i ʻole ma kahi "pain" liʻiliʻi.