Nui ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa i ka lōʻihi, i lalo i lalo a lalo. Kahi ʻia ke poʻo o ka stabilisoma me ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha. He ʻaʻihi ko lākou a lōʻihi, no ka mea e loaʻa ai iā lākou ke ʻano o kahi manu lele. Hola nui nā poli. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ke 20 cm.
E wehewehe i ka moʻo ʻana o ka iʻa inā maʻalahi. ʻOi aku ka palu o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a ke nānā aku ʻoe iā lākou mai luna mai, he lei palā ko lākou mau poʻo, me nā maka o ke alo o ka lae. He mau mana ikaika ko Males, a he mau haʻahaʻa ko lākou mau maka.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē ka hele ʻana o nā brushes (odontode) i nā kāne kāne ʻanika a hiki i ka 5-6 mm ka lōʻihi ma ka "lepa". Inā ʻaʻole kūpono nā kūlana o ka ʻona no ka spawning, a laila i nā kāne ʻōpio ʻaʻole i hiki i kona mau makahiki ʻekolu, ke ʻano ʻole he mau ʻano odontodes, no ka mea o ka mea nona ka iʻa i manaʻo ai he wahine wale nō ʻo ia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho, nā hana dimorphism
Hoʻohālike ʻia ka Sturisoma e kahi elongated a pōkole loa, uhi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao, lōʻihi ka lāʻau caudal. Hoʻolelele ke poʻo; he pōkole pōkole ma luna o ka puuhulu. He mau hāpono nunui ka pumehana, ʻo ka hope o ka fin dorsal he kūliko a ʻoki hoʻi. ʻEleʻele-ʻulaʻulaʻula ke kala o ke kino a ʻo nā pua. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maka a hiki i ka huelo, ʻōwili ʻia kekahi kaula ʻeleʻele i ka pelemalapa o ke kino, ka axis mua e hele ana ma ka hope dorsal. Ke kiʻi nei i ke kumu o ka ukana, nā pūʻulu band. ʻO ke kala o ka ʻōpū o ke kālā-keʻokeʻo, a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā pua i nā wahi heʻe aniani.
Loaʻa i ka wahine ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka pāpaʻi, nā ʻili ma ke alo o ka dorsal fin a me kona ʻaoʻao mua i paʻi ʻia i ka pā o ocher, nā pua a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe i ke kala ʻulaʻula. Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana o ke spawning, kū ka ʻōpū o ka wahine, e kau ana i ka pihi. I kahi noiʻina kikoʻī o ka symmetry o luna o ke kino, ʻike ʻia he kūwaho liʻiliʻi a ʻōwili a ka puʻu wahine, ʻōwili ʻia nā maka kuʻekuʻe i ka lae. Hōʻike ʻia nā Odontodes i ke kāne, hoʻomākaukau e hoʻāla i ke kuʻi, i loko o nā uhi i loko o nā gill - he mau kaʻina mākino nui loa kēia mai ka 1 a 6 mm paha. Loaʻa nā kāne ʻōpio i nā odontodes 1 mm lōʻihi, ma nā kāne pākeke ua nui lākou - 5-6 mm. I nā wahine, hemahema kēia mau ulu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pakekeisisoma e hiki aku i 15-20 cm.ʻI ke ola i ke pio ʻana: 8-10 mau makahiki.
Pehea e mālama ai i loko o kahi hale akuʻa home
Nā mea kanu (nā mosses a me nā ʻano he ʻōpala maloʻo), nā hale hana pōhaku, a me nā kālai lāʻau i kālai ʻia i ka ʻumihi. Pono ʻia ke kānana a me ke aniani me ka oxygen Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻĀina o ka wai aku loko: ke kauwela 24-28 degere Celsius, ka waikawa 6.5-7.0 pH, ka paʻakikī 4-10 pili. E mālama i ka wai a me lalo i lalo - i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma, hoʻololi i 25% o ka nui o ka wai me ka wai hou. Me ke kōkua o kahi kānana-koi koi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi wai kai i aloha ʻia e nā mea momona e pono ai.
Hiki paha ke ʻano he Sturisoma ma muli o ka ulu nui o nā ciliates unicellular i loko o ka pōʻaiwai, no laila e hoʻopoina e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpio āpau. ʻOi aku ka hapa o ka hapa o ka meaʻai e noho ʻia e nā meaʻai mea kanu: pī, lettuce, spinach, zucchini, leaf nettle, kukama. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka ʻai ola, nā mea kanu lāʻau i loko o ke ʻano o nā pīpī a me nā papa. Mai haele i ka iʻa - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai ʻai i ka ʻai, inā ʻaʻole, ili ʻia ka lepo me ke koena o nā koena ʻai. ʻO ka ʻōpiko ʻōpio ua loaʻa kahi puʻuwai i unuhi ʻia inā a ʻona maikaʻi ʻia. E like me ka mea e ola ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka artemia, kahe koko, ka pipi momona haʻahaʻa (ʻai i ka minced), i ka honu.
Nā rula hui
Hoʻomaka kēia iʻa i ka neʻe o ke ahiahi.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana iʻa ma ke ahiahi a me ka pō. I ke ahiahi, makemake ʻo ia e hele ka manawa kokoke i nā pōhaku. a me nā snags e kokoke ana i ke aniani o ka aku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kēlā mau kānaka i ke mele a i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi kāne a ʻelua mau wahine.
Hiki i ka iʻa Sturisom ke ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka mea ʻai i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka puka maka, mea ʻai pū kekahi meaʻai.
Hiki iā ia:
Mea ʻai pono ka ʻai, nā meaʻai kanu. ʻO ka hopena ka mea i nā kukama, zucchini, kāpeti a me ka lettu. Pono lākou e ʻike ʻia i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ai. ʻO ke kānāwai koʻikoʻi no ka hānai ʻana i ka iʻa akuarium: e koho ʻia nā meaʻai ʻokoʻa a me ke kūlike. Pono ka meaʻai holoholona no 30% o ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ke kahe koko, tubule, daphnia.
Hoike ʻike
Sturisoma panama (Sturisoma panamense) - he ʻano wai kai waiola mai ka ʻohana ʻohana o Lorikariyev (Chain) iʻa ʻano ākea. ʻO ka wehewehe mua ʻepekema mua o nā ʻano i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1889 e ka naturist Eigenmann. ʻO ka inoa o ia ʻano he ʻano iʻa me ka “iʻa me ke kino o kahi kū”, no ka mea ʻoi like ka nui o ka iʻa me nā iʻa.
ʻO ka muzzle o kahi stabilisoma ka like me ka neʻe paʻa
ʻOiai nā kaola ka mea i laha ʻole i loko o nā mea kanu i loko o ka puna wai, kahi ʻano kino e like me ka aʻalopona a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, a me ka launa ʻole i ka mālama a me ka ulu ʻana i nā iʻa i kaulana loa.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Sturisoma wale nō, akā ʻo ka iʻa pono hoʻi. ʻAe ʻoliʻoli ʻo ia i ke koena o ka meaʻai i lalo o ka hale kai, me ka algal fouling hoʻi i nā paia, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea kanu, no laila e kōkua pono ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻOi aku ka hoʻoikaika o ka iʻa, akā alualu i ke ala i ke ola i ke ahiahi a noho ma ka lalo. I ka mua, ua hele a kūʻai ʻia nā "savages", ʻo ia nō, ua hopu ʻia i loko o ke ʻano, ka paʻakikī o kona hoʻololi ʻia ʻana. I kēia manawa ua luhi ʻia ka iʻa ma nā mahiʻai a me nā lawaiʻa kūʻokoʻa.
Kāleka
He haʻahaʻa loa ke kino o ka moku Panamanian, mai lalo mai. Loa a lōʻihi ke kūpaʻa caudal a kokoke nā pilers e pili kokoke ana i ka fin caudal, kahi ʻano e like me ka ʻano nui. Kuhi ʻia ke poʻo. Hoʻololi ʻia ka waha i loko o kahi kīʻaha ʻōpū, kahi e ʻae ai ka iʻa i ka manawa ikaika a kālai i ke alger fou.
Hola nui nā poli. Hoʻokipa ʻia ka crescent dorsal, ʻelua ʻāpana me ka lua kone ka caudal. Hoʻopili hou ʻia nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā koena o ke koena.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ke kino mai ke kala a ʻulaʻulaʻula a me nā pua uliuli. Mai ka maka a i ka huʻu e hele i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi ākea, bifurcated ma ka dorsal fin. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻōpū ma ke kālā-keʻokeʻo a kālai ʻia me nā ʻāpana kala-brown.
Sturisoma Panama. Kāleka
I kahi volume e kūpono ai, hiki i ka iʻa ke ulu a hiki i 20 cm ke lōʻihi. He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. He ʻāpana paler ko nā wahine, he pōkole ko lākou poʻo, he ʻano kohu. Ma mua o ke spawning, hiki i kahi mea ʻike ke kaha ikaika i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o nā wahine. A ʻike ʻia nā kāne otodontes - setae mānoʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. I nā iʻa ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole lākou eʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm, ma nā pākeke ua hiki lākou i 5-6 mm.
Loaʻa ka ola i loko o ka mea kanu i nā 10 makahiki.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka hale kūlohelohe kūloko o ka Panamanian stabilisoma e loaʻa i nā kino wai ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻIke ʻia nā iʻa ma nā ʻāina e like me Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, etc.
ʻO kahi biotope maʻamau kahi hohonu o nā muliwai maʻemaʻe me nā kahe ikaika. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou mau hoahānau, loricaria, makemake i ka wai pāpio wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai i ka solidy substrate.
ʻO ka mālama a me ka mālama
No ka mālama ʻana i nā koikoi, ua hoʻohuihui ʻia nā mea kanu o ka lita 150 a i ʻole paha, no ka mea nui ka iʻa, ikaika loa, a ke hauʻoli nei lākou i ka wā e noho ana ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi (3-5 kanaka).
E like me ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala pihi liʻiliʻi. E noʻonoʻo e hoʻokau i nā pōhaku ākea nui a me ka driftwood kūlohelohe i ka pākihi. ʻO ka mea mua, makemake ke koikoi i ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma kēlā mau ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka lua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā algae ma luna o lākou, e hauʻoli lākou e ʻai me ka iʻa, a ʻo ka hopena, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i substrate maikaʻi no ka lawena. Hiki ke kanu nā mea kanu i kūpono ʻole i ka māla i loko o ka hale kanu: anubias, mosses, etc.
Sturisoma panama ma kahi pākali me nā mea kanu ola
Hoʻopili loa nā Sturisomes i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā iʻa ma loko o ka aquarium i hoʻopulapula pono ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nitrogen nitrogen, no ka mea, ʻo ke koikoi kiʻekiʻe o nā pūhui nitrogen e hiki ke alakaʻi i ko lākou make wikiwiki. Pono ka wai a maʻemaʻe i ka oxygenated, no laila e hōʻoia pono e hoʻokomo i kahi kānana a me ka compressor i kūpono i ka mana. E like me ke kūlohelohe, kūlia e like me ka ikaika o ka manawa i loko o ka aquarium.
No ka mālama i ka wai kiʻekiʻe, mai poina e hoʻololi ia me ka 20% o ka nui o ka mea aku.
ʻO nā mea kūlaila kiʻekiʻe o ka wai no ka ʻikepili: T = 22-28 ° C, pH = 6.0-7.5, GH = 5-15.
Kūlike
ʻOiai ke ʻano nui loa o ke ʻano, ʻo ka stabilisoma ka iʻa ʻo ka poʻe Panamanian e aloha ana. Hana ʻo ia i ka hakakā me nā ʻohana, nā kāne wale nō ke hiki ke kipaku aku i nā hoalauna ʻoiai lākou e kiaʻi ana i ka waiho ʻana o nā hua. ʻAʻole mālama pono ka iʻa me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka aquarium laulā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea hoʻomāpaʻa o ka aquarium me kahi kula o ka iʻa i wahi kūpono maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i kahi kūkaʻi, akā inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke kanu ʻia i loko o ka pā hale manawaleʻa no ka aneane e pili ana i: nā manu manu ola, zebrafish, mau lāʻau, tetras, mauʻu.
Sturisoma Panama - iʻa nui akā maluhia
Akā ʻo ka mālama mau ʻana i ka iʻa hoʻolaʻa ikaika ʻaʻole pono ia. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano huhū, hiki iā lākou ke nalowale i ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai a noho mau nō hoʻi ka pōloli.
Panurian Sturisoma Kaʻai
ʻO Sturisoma Panama kahi mea inu algae ikaika; ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% o kāna meaʻai he meaʻai meaʻai kanu. E ʻai koke ʻia me ke alger fouling e kū hou ana i ka ʻakuna, me ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Akā hiki i ka momona maikaʻi loa ke pāʻani i kahi hoʻopunipuni iā ia. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka pōloli ke kumu nui o ka make o ka iʻa ma ka ʻikihi. No laila, pono e hānai ʻia nā solidisome me nā meaʻai kanu.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka poʻe aquarist i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻai no ka hānai aku i nā momona, akā, ʻaʻole mākou e poina i ka manawa lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana o nā huahana like ʻole i ka wai i loko o ka hoʻoilo ʻia i loko o kona maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ma nā papa loea kūikawā no ka iʻa i lalo me ka mea piha o nā mea kanu, no ka laʻana, Tetra Pleco Tablets, Tetra Pleco Spirulina Wafers, Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers. ʻO kēia mau mea kūpono loa nā māla kūpono i kūpono i nā pono o nā iʻa pua. Maʻa koke lākou i ka lalo, a e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻokūkū ʻai me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i kēia, hiki ke kuhi ʻia ʻana o ka hilahila malu ʻoi paha. ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nā papa i loko o ka spirulina / zucchini - nā mea kūpono i kūpono no nā iʻa pua.
Koi a hoʻohui
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka paʻakikī o ka Sturis. ʻO ka palukima ʻo ka iʻa i ka makahiki o 18 mau mahina. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe ka manawa i ka kū i nā kāne o nā bristles ākea - odontode. Eia naʻe, inā mālama ʻia ka iʻa i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ulu ka bristles. He wahine keu o ka wahine, inā ʻoe e nānā i ka iʻa mai luna. ʻO ke ala e ʻoi loa e hoʻoholo ai i ka moekolohe ʻo ke ʻano o ka papule genital.
I ka wā spawning, lilo nā kāne a kū pinepine i nā wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha kēia mau mea i kēia. Hiki i ka hoʻopili hou ʻana ma nā hale meakanu ākea a me ke kukuna. I ka hopena hope loa, pono ʻoe i ka hale kai me ka lepo, me kahi kānana a me kahi mea hoʻomehana. ʻO nā papa hoʻoneʻe no nā kūleʻa he mau pā pihi: nā ʻili kūleʻa, ka driftwood, nā pā o loko.
ʻO kahi kahi i koho ai ke kāne no ka lawaiʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ia, a ma hope wale nō i ʻae ʻia e ka wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka spawning mai ka hapalua hola i kekahi mau hola. Hiki i ka palupalu o ka wahine hiki i 30-120 mau hua māmā nui.
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka kāne
ʻO kekahi aquarist novice hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o ka iʻa.
ʻĀnō nā wahine. He keʻokeʻo nā hina ona a me nā ʻaoʻao. Ua ʻoi aku ke poʻo o nā wahine i ʻoi aku ke poʻo o nā kāne. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā maka i kahi mua. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ke ʻano, e hoʻomaka ana ka ʻōpū o ka wahine.
I nā kāne, ʻaʻole e like me nā wahine, ʻike ʻia nā odontode ke ulu lākou. ʻO kēia mau kaʻina kūpono e like me nā bristles, 1-6 mm lōʻihi. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia ka iʻa, hiki i ka atrontodes ke atrophy. Hiki i kēia ma muli o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, hoʻemi hapa ka oxygen oxygen wai ʻole a ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ke kāne i ka ʻili pena. Eia nō hoʻi, ke nānā ʻia mai luna mai, ʻoi aku ka māhuahua o ke poʻo kāne a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka moekoloheʻana o ka Panamanian Sturisoma e loaʻa ana i 18 mau mahina.
ʻAno hānau
I hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, e lilo aʻai ʻia ka iʻa. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki i kēia ke hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hele ʻana o nā bristles i nā kāne (ʻoi aku ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā otodonts).
Ke kūlohelohe ka spawning, kūʻē nā kāne i nā wahine, ʻaʻole naʻe e hoʻopōʻino ka iʻa. I loko o kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e hānai i ka iʻa me ka meaʻai kanu. Inā makemake ka mea nona nā hua e hōʻailona, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona o ka manawa ke kau i ka iʻa i ka māla spawning (inā i ka mea kanu aku, hiki iā lākou ke waiho ʻia i loko o ka pahu kaohi).
I mea e hoʻopiha ai i ka pīkā, pono ʻoe i kahi kānana, mea hoʻomehana, driftwood. ʻAʻole hiamoe ka lepo i ka lalo, e like me ka iʻa e waiho ai i nā hua ma nā paia kū. Pono ka wai pālea me ka palupalu.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kāne i ka wahi no ka spawning, a laila hoʻokuʻu wale i ka wahine i ke komo. I ka manawa, hiki iā ia ke waiho i 40 a me 150 mau hua. He nui lākou, mālamalama ke kala a ʻike maoli ʻia i ka aquarium. Ma hope o ka hakakā, mālama ke kāne i ka hua.
Ma ka lā 5-10, piʻi pōpoki mai nā hua. ʻO nā lā mua i ʻai lākou i ka ʻeke ʻala. A laila, kūpono i nā māla i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka līlū pua ʻia, ʻōpala līkī, ʻo ka pākolo i kuke ʻia, ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ciliates ua kūpono. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mākua, no ka mea, ke holo nei nā pēpē i ka pilikia o ka ʻai ʻana. I ka wā o ke kūkuluʻana o ka aniani, pono e nānā pono i nā ʻāpana o ka wai, ʻaʻole i ʻae i kā lākou loli. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā loli wai a me nā liʻiliʻi.
Nui nā poʻe aquarist ʻike no ka manawa mua e lohe e pili ana i kēia iʻa me ka stabilisoma. Akā, ʻo ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa pū nō i kāna mau ʻano like ʻole. E noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano mea kaulana loa:
1. Sturisoma Panama (Sturisoma panamense). ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau, e noho nei i nā wai o ke kahawai ʻo Magdalena. Ke kūlohelohe nei, hiki i ka stabilisoma ke ulu a hiki i 24 cm ka lōʻihi, ma ka hale ʻula a hiki i ka 18 cm. He ʻulaʻulaʻula ka kino o ke kino, me kahi kaila brown longitudinal. He hina nā ʻaoʻao, ʻōpū a me nā ʻao.
2. Ke gula (Sturisomatichthys aureum). ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi nui, ma ka kūlohelohe he mau kanaka he 30 cm ka lōʻihi. Aia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ulu lākou a hiki i 20 cm. He gula ke kino kino, me ka ʻoliva oliva a me nā kaula lōʻihi. Hoʻopau ka peni caudal me kahi kaʻina lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻo ka dorsal fin kaomi loa i ka lalo,
3. ʻAʻā lōʻihi a i ʻole barbatum (Sturisoma barbatum). He ue kala, a he kala lōʻihi e ʻoliʻoli nei i nā ʻaoʻao a i hoʻopala ʻia a spins.
4. Hōʻike (Sturisomatichthys festivum). Ke loli nei ke kino o ka iʻa ma muli o kona ʻano, no laila e hiki ke ʻeleʻele a iʻa ʻeleʻele paha, me nā palaho brown. I ka pauʻana o ka pau caudal, aia nā lōlohi lōʻihi lōʻihi e hele ana i 7 cm,
5. Kāwei (Sturisoma nigrirostrum). ʻOkoʻa kēia iʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano poʻo elongated, kahi ulu ākea ma ka snout. He hina ke kino o ke kino, me kahi paona a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele. Hoʻoulu ia i 23 cm, 10 cm kahi o nā fililima huelo.
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ʻAʻole i koho ʻia. ʻO ʻoe ka mea mua!
Ua minamina mākou ʻaʻole kēia kōkua i kēia pou!
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
Ma ke kino panamanian struris pinepine i loko o 26 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai aia i loko o ka hale kanu, ʻoiai kahi ākea kūpono, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 18-20 mau kenimika. Makanū lilo i ʻelemakule a hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana i nā makahiki he 1.5 mau makahiki, hiki i ka 15 kenimika ka lōʻihi.
E ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā moʻomeheu i loko o ka iʻa ma mua o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā forsal a me nā pectoral, me nā hihi nui elongated. Ke ulu nui nei lākou, kūlia ka "ihu" kūpeʻe (rostrum) - kahi puka ākea e piʻi ana ma luna o ka ʻaha o luna - ua ʻike nui ʻia. Ka mea i kapa ʻia nā odontodes (whiskers) ʻike ʻia i nā "pipi" o nā kāne, he bristles lākou mai ka 1 a 6 mm paha ka lōʻihi o nā pana.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka teritoriality e hōʻike i ke ʻano o nā kāne, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻana e hoʻokuke wale aku ʻole i kā lākou hoa hakakā, akā ʻo nā wahine hoʻi kokoke i ko lākou waiwai. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau, ʻaʻole i komo kēia mau hana i ka hopena no nā lawehala palena.
Inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka iʻa ma ka aquarium (i ʻole ka nui o ke ʻano, maikaʻi ʻole ka wai, ke kū ʻole ʻana o ka pilikia ma muli o nā poʻe hoalauna ikaika i loko o ka hale kiaʻi), nā ʻano o nā ʻanoontontode a me nā keiki ʻōpio. I ka manawa pinepine, no nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole ulu ke ʻano o nā odontode i nā kāne ʻōpio, ʻo ka hopena kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohele no nā wahine. ʻO ka mea kūpono loa ke hoʻoholo ʻana i ka moekolohe e noʻonoʻo pono i ka papilla genital o ka iʻa ʻano.
A ʻo hoʻokahi mea hou: inā e nānā ʻoe i ka iʻa pākeke mai luna mai, a laila ʻoi aku ka kāne a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ke poʻo o ka wahine.
ʻO ka hana hou i ka stabilisoma Panamanian
Ua hoʻomau ʻia e Panama e pili ana i ka iʻa rheophilic, makemake e noho i kahi kahawai wai. Hoʻokomo i ka nohona kūlohelohe i ka wā o ka spawning. to stabilisam koi aku i kahi aquarium me kahi nui o ka liʻiliʻi o ka haneli ʻelua haneli, me kahi papa wai. Hoʻokumu ka kahe e ka ikaika a puni, ka mīkini a me ka filtration koi.
I ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i nā kūlana kūpono, panamanian stabilisomes hiki ke kāʻei i loko o ka hale kai aku. Eia hou, ke kau nei ke koho o ka wahi i ka kūlana hydrodynamic i ka mea i loko o ka mea aku, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ke koho ke kāne i kahi i kū ʻia ma ke ala o ka neʻe hiki ʻana i ka wai, ka mea maʻamau ia he pae kūlohelohe, e like me ka paila keramika, kahi ʻāpana palekika paʻa kūloko, driftwood a i ʻole ka paia o ka aquarium.
I kēia manawa, ʻike pinepine ka wahine a puni, a hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e noho kokoke i ke kāne, no ka mea ʻoi loa ka pana ʻana iā ia, aʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kiko i koho ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kahua kolepa, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻokokoke aku.
Kūʻai pinepine ke hele ʻana ma ke aniani. Hoʻololi ʻo ka wikiwiki ʻana mai 30 mau minuke i kekahi mau hola.
I kekahi manawa kūlike e waiho i nā hua ma kahi pae (a kokoke paha i ke kahaha) wahi ʻona. Ma nā mea kanu me ka lepo ʻole, ʻo ka lalo o ke aniani paha he ʻano nui ia.
ʻO ka manawa inkubation, e like me ka mahana, a hala 7-7 mau lā. Haʻalele lākou i nā ʻaluna a me ka huki ʻia i ka aniani a i nā mea kanu paha, no ka lā ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā e ola ana i kahi ʻeke liʻiliʻi, e hele wale ana mai kekahi wahi a i kekahi. ʻAʻole kūʻē ke ʻano o nā ʻōpū i ka honu ʻana i nā huahele; no laila, he liʻiliʻi wale nō ke ola, a ʻo ka ʻai pinepine ʻia nā ʻai āpau.
No ka hoʻolaha holoholona panamanian firmis, e hoʻouna ʻia nā mea hana i ka aquarium i ʻole me ka lepo, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi kānana canister ikaika a me kahi mea hoʻomehana me kahi regulator pālua.
Sturisoma Panama me ka masonry
No ka hoʻoulu manu ʻana panamanian stabilisoma, pono e hui ia nā mea ʻelua: nui a me ka ʻano like me ka nui o ka wai maikaʻi o ka wai me kahi wai.
ʻO ka paakiki koʻikoʻi e kau i ka mālama like o nā kūlana i luna, ʻoiai ke hoʻokō i ka hana mua i nā pilikia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lua.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka spawning ma kahi huina, akā, hiki i ka hui ʻana o nā pūʻulu, inā he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau wahine liʻiliʻi i kahi kāne hoʻokahi, e kau ana i kā lākou mau kīwī i kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia, ma kahi i koho ʻia e ke kāne.
Hiki i nā wahine ke kau i nā hua a ʻokoʻa a i kekahi mau lā, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā like pū i nā hua i nā manawa like o kona hoʻomohala ʻana. Kumuhana i nā kūlana i luna, e hoʻolilo ana kēlā me kēia wahine mai 70 a 120 mau huaʻai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka fecundity o ka wahine ka 160 mau hua o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka lōʻihi o 2.8 mm.
Ke nānā aku nei nā kāne i nā ʻona a pau i ka manawa like, e ʻimi pono ana i nā neʻe o nā wahine. A ma kahi kūlana o ka makaʻu ʻokoʻa no ke ola o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana, hele koke ʻo ia i kahi ma kahi o ka masonry i pale ʻia. I kēlā manawa panamanian firmis ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana, no ka mea ke ʻike nei lākou i ka pale o ke kanaka ma ka hale ʻula, waiho lākou i ka masonry a hoʻi hou wale nō i ka wā i hala aku ai ka pōʻino. I ka wā o ka nalowale ʻana o ka kāne, hiki ke luku ʻia ka pipi a nā wahine a iʻa kekahi iʻa inā hele ka spawning i loko o ka aquarium maʻamau.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua ʻalohi a maloʻo a ʻōwili hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai a lilo i ʻeleʻele ke puka mai ka palaka. Inā hāʻule ka masonry i ka mālamalama, ke kau nei ka puka o nā palā, inā i ka pōʻeleʻele ua wikiwiki ia.
I ka wā hoʻolelima kūlohelohe, ua kau ʻia kahi nebulizer hou ma luna o ka masonry, a hoʻohui ʻia ka methylene uliuli (0.5 mg / l) i ka wai.
Ua hoʻomau ʻia e Panama hiki ke kīwī ʻia i ka wai paʻakikī, akā i kēia hihia, nalowale ka caviar i kāna paʻa a ʻo ka hūnō i ka hua o ka pīpī, ua hoʻēmi ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i ka hua palani, haʻalele ke kāne iā ia iho i nā hana o ka mālama hou ʻana i ka hua. ʻAʻole ʻo ia, ʻaʻole hoʻi ʻo ka wahine nāna i ʻoki ka hua, a ʻo nā wahine ʻē aʻe mai kēia neka i ʻike ʻia kahi hoihoi i ke koʻi.
No nā kumu palekana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aniani kīʻaha, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hua lili i loko o kahi pahu me nā kūlana like.
Ma hope o 40 mau hola, e lilo ke aniani i ke kō a hoʻomaka i ka hānai ikaika.
He rotifers lākou, ka starter artemia nauplii, nā meaʻai maloʻo kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi no ka palaoa.
I ka hebedoma hebedoma, hoʻomaka i ka pālolo e hoʻohui i nā lau a ʻokiʻoki a scalded o ka dandelion, spinach, nettle, kāpala, semolina (kuke ʻia no ka minuke ʻia, a laila kānana), ka pulupulu o ka zucchini a i ka kukala (e kolo ana nā lau i kiki ʻia i loko o ka manuahi, a ʻo ka ʻaki e pono e lawe ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana) - loaʻa kahi kīlena palupalu a ʻōlelo ʻia a maikaʻi ʻia e ka palaoa).
Hōʻalo ʻia nā mea holoholona holoholona ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana me kahi blender. ʻO ka pālākiō o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona manu e like me 7: 3.
Mālama ʻia kahi kīkaha liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mea kanu ulu; ua kūpono loa kona kū pono ʻana no ka hana maʻamau o ka gastrointestinal tract o nā ʻōpū.
Eia hou kahi mea nui loa no ka moʻomeheu pōmaikaʻi kūlia - Mālama pono ʻole i ka wai kiʻekiʻe. Ma lalo o kēia kūlana a me kaʻaiʻai nui, ulu nui ka palaoa i hoʻokahi, a i ka hapa a ʻelua mau malama lākou i ka lōʻihi o 3.5 cm, ʻoiai ua like ka pīpī me kahi kope o ka pākeke.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO ka hana nui o ka hana catestisoma ka pō i nā ahiahi a me nā pō. Akā i loko o kahi kaona o ke kaulike, holo ikaika ka iʻa i ke ao. Ua mālie ke ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka ulu o nā mea kanu ma nā paia a me nā hoʻohanohano o ka pahu. I ke ahiahi makemake lākou e moe ma ka lalo.
Akuula
Ma muli o ka nui o nā pākeke, e alakaʻi e koho i kahi pahu nui no ka stabilis. Pono e ʻike ka nui o nā iʻa no 2 mau ʻāpana ma ka nui o 70-90 l no ka stabilisoma. I ka mea i loko o nā mea aku, ua noi ʻia e mālama i kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 3-6 mau kanaka.
ʻO ka ʻanoʻike, ka ʻike o:
- Snag.
- Kokua ʻihi.
- ʻAʻohe ʻāina kūloko.
- Kūpono.
Nā mea kanu
ʻO ka heleʻana o nā mea kanu i ka loko aku no ka panamanian stabilisoma e pono ai. Me ka nui o ka ʻai o nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai, e hoʻomaka ka iʻa i ka ʻai puaʻa i ka pahu. Pono e mālama i kēia kūlana i ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu.
No ka stabilisoma, kūpono nā mea kanu palupalu me ka mākeke ikaika:
- Echinodorus Apart.
- He ʻominodorus tropica.
- Kauahi Echinodorus.
- Anubias Barter.
- Anubias Nana.
- ʻO Bolbitis Fern.
- Kabomba Karolinskaya.
Hoʻolaulā
ʻAʻohe mea kūikawā kūikawā no ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia mau iʻa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pōhaku nui mai ka ulu ʻana o ke algae a hiki ke waiho wale ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo.
No ka stabilisoma kūpono kūpono:
- Sand.
- Nā pōpō liʻiliʻi a me nā medium.
- Nā pōhaku kāwili.
- Nā pōhaku nui.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo mai nā lepo lepo mea pono kekahi.
Mau lako hana
ʻOi kaʻai o kēia ʻano ʻano, no laila makemake ʻia ka kānana a me ka oxygenation nānā.
Mai nā lako āu e pono ai:
- E hoʻoulu ʻia kahi mea hoʻopihapiha me ka mana o ka 8-10 W me ka nui o ka oxygen a hana i kahi wai o ka wai i lalo o ka wai.
- ʻO ka kānana hoʻoliu e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻāpana nui.
- Pono pono kahi pāʻina kānana biochemical e wehe i nā huahana hiʻona a mālama pono i ka hoʻohui pono ʻana o nā mea kemika o ka pono.
- ʻAuhau.
Mālamalama
Ma ka hana kūlohelohe, noho nā kūlohelohe i ka wai hohonu. No kēia mau iʻa, makemake ʻia ka ʻōniʻulu i pulu iki ʻia. I ka pō, pono e pio ke kukui.
Ua kūpono nā kukui LED me nā kaha waena no kahi aquarium spesc. ʻAʻole e hoʻomoʻa nā mau kukui i ka ʻona o ka wai a i ʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka microclimate i loko o ka pahu.
Loaʻa nā hoʻololi
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ke kāne:
- Hoʻohālikelike ke kala.
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ke poʻo a ʻoi aku ka nui.
- Hoʻopili kokoke nā maka o nā pale i ke waena waena o ke kino.
- I ka makahiki 1,5, ulu ka bristles a puni ka waha waiū, e piʻi ana i ka 5-7 mm me ka ulu o kekahi kanaka.
Pūnaewele na wahine keu:
- ʻAno ke kala.
- Hāʻoki ʻia ke poʻo a ʻiliʻili.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā maka he liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne.
- Loaʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū.
I ka wā ulu, ua hoʻokūkū iki ka hakakā intraspecific.
Spawning
ʻOiai ka mea hiki i ka ʻīlani Panamanian ke hua i loko o ka pānaʻi maʻamau, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi kīʻaha hoʻokaʻawale i mālama i nā hua. ʻO ka nui o kēia kaʻaila a 160-1-180 l. Ua hiki i ka iʻa i kā lākou pakeke makua e 1.5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana o ka hua hipa ma mua o ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha. ʻO ka kohi ʻana o nā hua i lohi ʻia e lawe ʻia i ka lā 1-1.5 pule. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻoulu ʻia o nā wahine ma hope o ke ʻano o ka palaoa. I loko o kahi līwī 100-150 hua manu.
Mālama mālama loa a mālama i ka ʻili
Hoʻohana ʻo Sturisomes i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻohālikelike. I loko o ka lā ua moe lākou i ka holo ʻole i loko o nā snags, a i ʻole e hoʻopili ai lākou i ka paia o ka aquarium.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (pono nā liʻiliʻi 2 i hoʻokahi wahine no 1 kāne), ʻoiai ua manaʻo nui lākou. ʻO ka nui liʻiliʻi o ka pūnāwai he 120 lita, ʻoi aku ka papa o 160 lita a ʻoi aku paha. Pono ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka pōkole o 22-25 mau kiʻekiʻe, me ka waikawa o 6.5-7.2 pH. ʻAno paʻakikī - a hiki i ka 25 dGH. Pono ka aquarium i kahi maʻi maikaʻi, kānana me ka kahe nāwaliwali. E hoʻololi i kahi hapaha o ka wai wai i ka hebedoma.
I ka loko aku āu e pono ai i ka driftwood, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu ʻole. No ke ola maikaʻi, pono lākou i lalo o ka wai. Hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kānana mechanical-biological.
E makaʻala i nā ciliates unicellular i loko o ka aquarium, pili nui lākou i ke ola o ka catfish.
ʻO nā maʻi a me kā lākou pale ʻana
ʻO nā maʻi a me kā lākou mālamaʻana ke hoihoi i nā mea āpau. ʻAʻohe mea makemake e nalowale i ka iʻa a lākou i makemake ai. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau o Panamanian Sturis ka mea:
ʻO ka inoa ʻelua no ka ichthyophthyroidism ʻo semolina. Hōʻike nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ke kino o ka iʻa, like me nā warts. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohemo i kēia maʻi mai ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka aquarium: formalin, malachite green, potassium permanganate a kele ʻia keleawe. Ma mua o kou hoʻohui i kēia mau lāʻau, pono ʻoe e kiʻi i nā mea kanu a me nā mea e hoʻohuli mai ka aquarium. No ka mea hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopau iā lākou. Pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 10 mau lā.
ʻO ka Dropsy kekahi o nā maʻi paʻakikī. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, lele ka anus, ʻaʻohe ʻōiwi ʻokoʻa. No ka mālama ʻana o Sturisom, pono ʻoe e kau iā ia i loko o kekahi aku kaola me ka mālama iā ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol a me ka paʻakai. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka iʻa i ka defecate, pono ia e mālama i loko o kēia wai no ka lā hoʻokahi mau lā.
Ma ka liʻiliʻi o ke ola hoʻokahi, akā mau helehelena keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻeke. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana no kēia mau neʻe, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia e ʻaʻole kēia i ka minamina. Inā he maʻi mau kēia, a laila hiki ke kumu ke lilo i ka maʻi. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka mālama ʻia me ka Antipar.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo Sturisoma Panama he iʻa maʻalahi ʻole, e ʻimi wale nō i kahi mea hoʻomaka. Me ka mālama pono, e noho ʻo ia i kāu aquarium i kahi manawa lōʻihi a leʻaleʻa iā ʻoe. E liloʻo Somik i mea kōkua nui i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻikekini.