He ʻano manu i ka wā ʻōpiopio mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua haku ʻia ka nui o nā ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, nā ʻōlelo a me nā moʻolelo mele e pili ana i kēia kanaka i hānai ʻia i ka nahele, ka mea i kaulana loa "Fox and Grouse". Ma laila ʻo ia e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka naʻauao, kūpono a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopakele ai iā ia mai nā machinations o ka ʻalopō. ʻO ka poʻe ʻona ʻāneke wale nō e noi ana i kēia manu a me ka poʻe hahai mea ʻike i ke kaina ʻeleʻele like ʻole, a ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mākaʻi he waiwai nui no nā kenekulia a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu i kēia ʻano mea e pili ana kēia manu,

Kāleka

He māla manuʻikaʻi nui nā kīpika, ʻo kona nui, ma muli o ke kāne, hiki i ka 40 a 58 cm, a me ke paona - mai 0.7 a i 1.4 kg, kekahi. ^ E Ha yM. Ua liʻiliʻi kona poʻo, me kahi koʻoki pōkole. Heʻu a nui ka nui o ke kino, akā ʻaʻole i lehulehu, ua lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī, me kahi kakaka ʻoluʻolu. Ua ikaika nā wāwae, ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma muli o nā manamana lima e uhi ana iā lākou i ka kumu, nānā ikaika lākou.

He hoihoi! ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka lākā o ko lākou leo. I ka wā moe, hana nā kāne i nā leo like like me ka ʻāʻulu ʻana a me ka hakakā ʻana. A ʻoki pū ka wahine e like me nā moa maʻamau.

ʻEhā nā wāwae ʻeleʻele ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, ʻekolu o ke alakaʻi ʻia ʻana, a ʻo ke kolu kekahi e kūʻē iā lākou. Uaʻike loa nā claws. ʻAno nā ʻēheu, uhi ʻia i nā hulu lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka manu ke hana i ka wā o nā huakaʻi.

Hoʻoilina, ʻano noho

Kūkulu - nā manu kaiʻai i makemake ʻia, makemake e noho i nā ʻohana hipa i nā manawa a pau, koe wale nō no kēia manawa, a, i ka ʻohana, hiki i ka 200-300 mau kanaka. ʻO nā manawa pinepine, ʻo nā hipa o ke kaahu ʻeleʻele i hui ʻia, ʻokoʻa ʻole nā ​​mea e noho ai hoʻokahi kāne, akā ʻo nā hipa e noho ana wale nō nā wahine. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i kahi nohona i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ke kauwela, i ka wā e wela wela ai ia i ke ao, ikaika lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ka wā ahiahi mua aʻe.

I loko o ke ao a makemake lākou e noho ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, ma waena o nā ʻōpala o nā lālā: kahi puʻu nunui i ka lā a i laila ua hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻāina.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hapa ʻekeʻeleʻele kahi maʻalahi. I ka mau manawa o nā hana, hele lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ka lepo, hiki iā lākou ke kau i ka pō ma laila, i kahi pūʻulu o nā pōkā ʻōpala o nā kumu lāʻau a i kahi hue ʻana i kahi hummock. ʻOiai, ke makemake nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā lāʻau ma ke ʻano he pō i ka pō: he ʻoluʻolu a he ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka honua.

Pali lākou i nā lāʻau kūpono, i hiki ai ke kāhea ʻia lākou like ʻāina a me nā manu lāʻau. ʻAʻohe manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole ia, akā hiki i nā kelepa ʻaina ke hilinaʻi me ka lewa ma luna o nā lālā lahilahi loa, nā mea hiki ʻole ke kūpaʻa i ko lākou paona. He mau mea ʻino a maikaʻi kēia e hoʻolohe ai a me ka ʻike, ʻoiai ke ʻano maikaʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a inā he pōpilikia lākou ka hūʻaka mua, a ma hope ke lawe ʻia ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa a lele i kahi ʻē aʻe.

He hoihoi! No ke kīhāpai, ʻoiai ʻo kona nui nui, lele wikiwiki loa: ʻo ka huakaʻi lele ʻana he 100 km / h, a hiki ke lele lele i kahi pilikia ma kahi mamao o ʻumi mau kilomita.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua kūkulu kēia mau manu i kahi malu ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, kahi i kahi'ōwili koʻikoʻi hiki iā lākou ke noho no kahi lā holoʻokoʻa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻo ka manawa pinepine me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻalopilā, neʻe ka hāleʻele ʻeleʻele mai kahi lālā lāʻau i loko o ka honu hohonu a maluhia hoʻi a me ka ʻōhili i ka hau, a me ka neʻe ʻana me ka ona, hana ʻo ia i kahi kaila i ke 50 cm hohonu i loko.

ʻO kēia kahi puʻu palekana palekana loa ia, ʻo ia hoʻi mai ka hale ʻeleʻele ʻoi, aia i kā lākou mau māka, ke hoʻolohe pono nei i nā ʻāpana o ka mea e hoʻokokoke ana a pono hoʻi, inā pono, e waiho i ko lākou mau wahi papa a lele i mua o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kahi lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hana keu wale nō ka mea hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka mākeke ʻeleʻele i loko o kona mau māhu e noho me ka mahana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka infusion i ka hau, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi no ka manu e wāwahi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, wawahi nā ʻohana, a hoʻomaka nā kāne i hōʻiliʻili ma luna o nā ʻala, kahi, e hoʻolalelale i nā wahine, ʻūlū lākou i nā hihi o ka lā mua puna.

Hiʻohiʻona maʻamau

ʻO ka māka (ʻaʻole ia ka hale lepa ʻeleʻele) pili i ka ʻohana pheasant. ʻO ka paona o kēlā kanaka, ma muli o ka wahine, mai 700 g a 1.5 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 45-60 cm. Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka māka wahine ma mua o ka ʻelele o ka hapalua ikaika. Aia kekahi mauʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā kāne.

ʻAnoʻi nā ʻōpiopio. ʻO kā lākou polumele ʻeleʻele he lau nahele a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​palahala ulaula. Ma nā lehe a me ka ʻōpū aia ke kolamu ʻōpala. Aia ma laila he mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, aia i kahi aniani like, a me nā hōʻailona like me nā hulu manu.

ʻO ka wahine (grouse) i uhi ʻia me ka plumage ulaula me ka brown brown, brown a ʻulaʻula. He mea maʻalahi ke huki iā ia me ka wahine capercaillie, akā naʻe, he mau hōʻailona hōʻailona ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka eheu, a me kahi pākuhi liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo.

Kahi a nā manu e noho ai i ka wao

Hiki ke ʻike i ka māka ma ka Honua Tua, a ma nā ʻāina ʻĀina. Noho ka manu ma ʻEkolekola, ma nā mokupuni o Nui Pelekane, ʻo ka Scandinavian Peninsula, ma ke alanui Ussuri, ma China, Kelemānia, Netherlands, a me Belgium.

ʻO nā wahi kia ʻai, e koho kēia mau manu i nā wahi me ka nui o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, nā lāʻau lāʻau, a me nā wahi e kokoke ana i nā wai wai. Akā e pale ʻia ka ululā o ka ulaula pōkā o ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele. Aia he mea pōʻino loa ia, no ka mea, i loko o ia mau wahi ke piha i nā mea predator.

Ke alakaʻi nei nā manu i kahi noho nomadic a me kahi noho paʻa. Noho ka poʻe nomadic ma nā wahi anuanu. No ka hoʻoilo, neʻe i ke kuahu ʻeleʻele ma ka hema. Ua kuhikuhi aku ka poʻe Ornithologists a me nā mea kūlohelohe i kahi kūpono hoihoi. E hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka hana neʻe no ka makahiki. Hoʻopili kēia i ka piʻi nui o ka nui o nā lehulehu, e lilo nei i poʻe e ulu nui nei ma kekahi wahi.

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka moʻomeheu kiʻi wahine i loko o kahi kaila ʻaina: ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine i kahi liʻiliʻi i nā kāne ʻokoʻa, akā ʻokoʻa loa lākou mai ke kala aku i kā lākou plumage. ʻŪpiki nui ka palaʻa o ke kāne, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻulaʻula paha i ke poʻo, ke ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua i lalo. Ma luna o kona mau maka he mau maka he ʻonihi ʻulaʻula hohonu. He ʻulaʻula ke kua o hope o ka ʻōpū, me nā ʻāpana kulu o nā hulu. Ke keʻokeʻo ka keʻena, kūlike. Aia i nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me nā pua keʻokeʻo kekahi i kapa ʻia nā keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "nā aniani". ʻO ka hulu huluhulu ka lei i nā ʻaoʻao, e hana ana i ke ʻano o ka huelo e like me ka mea kani. ʻĀleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā ʻulaʻula poni i nā peaks.

He hoihoi! ʻO ke kala o nā manu ʻōpio, me ko lākou ʻano o ko lākou ʻano like ʻana: he mau kāne a me nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpio he ʻōpiopio ulaula, kahi o ka alternating blackish-brown, brownish-ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo a me nā wahi.

ʻO ka wahine ma ke kaei ʻeleʻele i peʻa ʻia aku i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe: he brownish-ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā mea hina, melemele a me nā ʻāpana ʻōwili. He aniani nā aniani i nā ʻēheu o ka ʻēheu, akā naʻe, ma kahi kaila ʻulaʻula, ke ʻano like ʻole lākou i ke kāne. Ma ka lihi o ka wahine aia kekahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi, a like me ka kāne, ua keʻokeʻo ka lalo o kāna ʻōpū.

Mea makemake makemake i ka meaʻai

Ka ʻona o ka liona o ka papa ʻaina ʻeleʻele i ka ʻai o ka mea kanu kumu. Hoʻololi ia nā kaila i ke ʻano o nā mea kanu kūlaʻi. I nā mahina hekō he alder, larch, nā lau nahele. I ka wā lohi, he ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai, no ka mea, ua ʻike ka nui o nā hua. ʻO nā māla punahele o nā ʻahaʻaina: nā hua o nā blueberries, lingonberry a me nā blueberries. ʻO nā lau makana i makemake nui ʻia i nā māla palaoa. I ka hoʻoilo, he kūlike nā manu me ka ʻili paʻu.

A ʻo nā keikikāne, hānai nui lākou i nā mea pepeke. I ka hele ʻana, ulu liʻiliʻi ka ʻōpiopio iā lākou a hele i ka papa o nā mea kanu.

Nā ʻano ʻōpiopio

I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano o ke kaila o ka lālani e noho nei ma ʻEulopa: ʻo ia ke kaʻo ʻeleʻele, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kahua māla a me ke kalepa ʻo Caucasian. I ka manawa like, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ʻepekema i ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau subspecies o ke keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele e noho ana ma nā wahi āpau o kona wahi. ʻO nā kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ua like like kēia mau ʻōiwi ʻelua, koe wale nō kahi liʻiliʻi loa o kahi kālaʻele Caucasian: ʻaʻole iʻoi loa kona nui ma mua o 50-55 cm, a ʻo kona paona he 1.1 kg.

ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka kala o ka plumage ka mea ʻike ʻia: ma ka puʻu ʻolua Caucasian ka ʻūhā, a kokoke i ka huehue, ʻaʻole hoʻi e pili i ke kala ʻula, a ʻaʻohe "nā aniani" ma nā ʻēheu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAno ʻokoʻa like ka huelo o kēia ʻano: he ʻalualua, akā, i ka manawa like pū kekahi. ʻO ka hulu hipa o ka huelo iʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā paia ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine o ke kapa kālepa ʻo Kauʻaia i loko o ke ʻano kime, ʻili kala, nā mea i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ala ʻeleʻele.

Noho kēia holoholona i loko o Caucasus ma Lūkia a me Turkey. Loaʻa iā ia ma Azerbaijan, Armenia a me Georgia. ʻO kona mau wahi punahele punahele he mau pua ia o ka rhododendron a me nā kaʻe hānai, ua noho nō kēia manu i nā puʻu liʻiliʻi, i uhi ʻia ʻo ka birch a me ka juniper. Mālama ka ʻeleʻele Caucasian i nā mea kanu grassy, ​​nā huaʻōlelo, nā pepeke. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻai ʻia nā ʻehā a me nā huaʻai o ka birch, nā hua a me nā hua.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ʻo Grouse-grouse i ka wao nahele, nā alahele ala a me nā anuʻu o Eurasia, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka Alps a me nā mokupuni Pelekane ma ka palena komohana o kona pā a hoʻopau i ka ʻAmelika Ussuri a me nā kūleʻa Korela ma ka hikina.

Ma ka manawa like, he kūpono nā palena o ka pihi, no ka mea ua hilinaʻi nui ia i ka nui o nā manu a me nā loli ʻōiwi i ka pae. A i kekahi mau wahi i ulu a nā kīnika ʻeleʻele pālahalaha, ua pau loa lākou i ka nalowale no ka hana o ke kanaka, e like me, i mea, i hana ʻia ma East Sudetenland.

Ma Lūkia, noho kēia manu mai ka Kola Peninsula a me nā wahi ʻo Arkhangelsk ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Kursk, Voronezh, Volgograd mau wahi a me Altai mau ona ma ka hema. Makemake nā hale i ka noho i nā kiʻi ʻuʻuku, nā keʻena liʻiliʻi a ma nā lāʻau ākea, kahi nui nā hua hua. Aia pū nō ia ma nā awāwa kahawai, ma nā palena o nā wahi kuahiwi, nā wahi nahele a me nā ʻāina ʻai. Ma nā ulu lāʻau ikaika, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻokūkū, akā hiki iā lākou ke aloha i ka hāʻule nui a i kahi kahi i hele ʻole ai ke ahi ulu a ʻaʻole i hiki i nā lāʻau ke ulu.

He hoihoi! Penei nā manu i ka noho ʻana i nā māla birch a makemake lākou iā lākou i nā ʻāina āpau ʻē aʻe. Akā ma ʻEulopa maʻEulopa, ua koho lōʻihi ʻia ka mākele pōleʻele e nā moorlands e like me nā wahi noho, a ma Ukraine a me Kazakhstan - shrubbery dense.

No kaʻai meaʻai

Kūkulu - kahi pua o ka mea kanu, ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā pākeke ke makemake e ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu. I nā mahina mahana, ʻai lākou i nā blueberries, blueberries, cranberry a lingonberries a me nā mea kanu ʻano lāʻau e like me ka clover a i kahi ʻulā. ʻAi pū lākou i ka māla i ka mea kanu i ulu, ʻoiai lākou e like me ka palaoa a me ka millet.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua hākū nā kele ʻeleʻele e noho nei i nā kumulāʻau i nā hua lāʻau, ʻōpala, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana birch. A manu nā manu e noho ana ma nā wahi kahi i ulu ʻole ai ka birch i ka meaʻai me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe: nā pono o ka spruce a me ka juniper, nā wana o larch, nā pine pine ʻōpio, a me nā pua o alder a i willow.
Hoʻohana nui nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēia mau manu i nā mea hihiu, akā ma hope o ka ulu nui o lākou, huli lākou i ka mea kanu.

Pahu a keiki

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ua ʻākoakoa nā ʻaina kāne kāne i ka kāmeʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo kēia manawa, no lākou e koho ai i nā ʻano nahele, kahi o nā punawai. I loko o kēia hoʻopili e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā kāne he ʻelua kāne, a ʻoi aʻe kekahi. Kahi nā lāliki ʻo ka ulu ʻana ma ka lua o ʻApelila - mua o Mei. I kēia manawa, ho'āʻo kēlā me kēia o nā kāne e noho ma luna o ka pūnaewele o kēia manawa he hoʻolālā kokoke i kahi waenakonu o ka palena, akā ʻo nā pūnaewele maikaʻi loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hele i ka ikaika loa o lākou.

Mālama pono nā kāne i kēia mau pūnaewele mai ke alualu ʻana i mau ʻenemi, pili paha kekahi o lākou i ka pō ma laila i ka ʻōpū, no ka hopohopo ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻi ana mai ka pō, hiki paha i kahi pūnaewele ke kiʻi hou. I kahi hola ma mua o ka wanaʻao, ʻākoakoa nā kāne i kēia manawa a hoʻomaka e hana hoʻowahāwahā ʻana, a laila e walaʻau i nā kani ke hiki ke huki i ka wahine. kahi a lākou i koho ai i ko lākou hoa.

He ʻike hoihoi loa ka lākau i kēia manawa. Hoʻopili kekahi mau kāne i kekahi mea, e kūlou ana i nā ʻāʻī i ka lepo a hoʻolaha i kā lākou mau wili me nā pua nani keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa hoʻolaha me ka puhi nui i ko lākou mau ʻēheu. ʻO ke kolu o lākou, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine a i ʻole ke kahua a lākou i makemake ai, e komo pū i loko o kahi hoʻoili, lele ka lele a me ka wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ka hakakā ʻana o ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne, ʻaʻole i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kīleʻele i kēlā me kēia.

Ma hope o ka moʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i kahele nā ​​kāne o ke kahele ʻalapiha i ka hopena o kā lākou mau hanauna e hiki mai ana: ʻo ka wahine nāna ia i kūkulu i kahi pā. Hoʻomaka ka hatching i ka waena o Mei, a ʻo ka pūnana ʻo ia iho kahi lua ma ka ʻāina i kahuhipa ʻia me nā hulu manu, nā lau, mau lālā ʻōpala a me ka mauʻu maloʻo o ka makahiki i hala.

Hoʻopau ka wahine i kāna hua 24-25 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā Goshawks i piha i ka fluff a ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki iā lākou ke hahai i ko lākou makuahine. ʻO nā lā 10 mua o ko lākou ola he mea pōʻino loa: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe moa i ka hoʻokaʻohala hou a no laila ma ka honua hiki ke lilo i mea pio no ka poʻe predator.

He hoihoi! Ua kokoke ka wahine i kāna mau keiki ma kēia manawa, a inā e hele kokoke mai kahi mea kolohe, hoʻowalewale ʻo ia e hoʻopunipuni iā ​​ia e ka hoʻohālike me nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Holo ʻo ia mai kahi ākea a me ke ʻano hiki ʻole iā ia ke wehe a lele lele i kona mau ʻēheu, aʻo ka ʻāʻī nui. ʻO kēia mākaʻikaʻi he hōʻailona ia i nā pipi e hūnā a peʻe ai a hoʻi mai ko lākou makuahine.

Ke huli nei ka māka'ōpiopio i nā lā 10 mau lā, hiki iā lākou ke lele, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e hoʻomaka ai lākou e lele. ^ E Ha yM. I Kepakemapa, ʻōpio mau ʻōpio, ua hoʻoili ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpala ʻeleʻele, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ko lākou mau ʻohana a noho kūʻokoʻa, akā hoʻāʻo nō nā wahine ʻōpio e noho kokoke i ko lākou mau makuahine. ʻO ka hoʻoilo wale nō, hoʻomaka nā kāne a me nā wahine e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻohana i hui ʻia.

Ma ke kānāwai, i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole nui nā kāne i ka hana o ka hānau ʻana, ʻoiai naʻe, ua hele mua lākou i ka pālule. ʻoiai e kamaʻilio makua kahi kahiko a ikaika hoʻi e pili ana iā lākou. ʻO nā kāne mau o ka 2-3 kaila i hopu iā lākou iho i kahi pūnaewele mai ke kaʻe o ka puʻu o kēia manawa a hiki ke komo i ka pua, inā ʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, koho ʻia kekahi o nā wahine iā lākou he mau hoa.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

I loko o ka hale kūlohelohe maoli, nui nā ʻenemi uliuli ka nui o nā ʻenemi, ma waena o nā ʻalopeke manu, nā martens, nā ʻalalā hihiu a me nā goshawks. ʻO nā kala ʻona ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ai me nā sables, he pōʻino nō hoʻi no nā pōpoki keʻokeʻo.

He hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻoiai he nui ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka helu o ka kao ʻeleʻele nui: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana kanaka a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe i mea nui no ko lākou hoʻoemi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka.

Hana ia i loko o ka mahina o ke kauwela wela, ma muli o ka hypothermia, a hiki i ka 40% o ka brood o nā kāleka ʻeleʻele e make, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa o nā moa i make i nā niho a me nā ʻili o nā mea kolo.

Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana

I kēia manawa, nui ka lehulehu o kahi kahe i ka mākahele, a nui ka ākea kahi e noho nui ai kēia mau manu. ʻO kēia mau kūlana i hana i hiki ke kuhikuhi i kēia ʻano ʻano o ke "Least Concerns".A ʻo ka mākaika Caucasian i hōʻea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he endemine, i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano "Noho kokoke i kahi kūlana paʻakikī." I ka manawa like, ʻo ka grazing a me ka poaching ka mea maikaʻi loa nona. Nā holoholona hihiu a me nā heihei, akā ʻo ka ʻīlio kahu hipa e hoʻopilikia kino ʻia no ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole i hala ka manawa kūpono e alualu ai iā lākou.

He hoihoi! I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ke kaele ʻeleʻele Caucasian ma luna o nā wahi o nā kikowaena nui nui loa, kahi o ka Caucasian a me Teberdinsky.

He mākaʻikaʻi maʻamau ʻo Grouse i nā ulu lāʻau Birch a me nā ulu lāʻau o Eurasia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, ʻae ʻia ka ʻeleʻele me ka “aniani” a me ka hana me nā wahine i loko o ko lākou mau a ʻalani, brownish-red plumage e nā wahine, ʻike maoli ʻole i paʻakikī ke manaʻo he mau kānaka ʻo ia mau ʻano ʻano like. Ua ʻae lōʻihi kēia mau manu i ka nānā ʻana o nā kānaka e kā lākou ʻano, a, ma ka ʻano kālā.

ʻO ka poʻe e ʻike i ke ahea o ke aloha i ka puna i ka puna i ke kakahiaka, e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei he ʻano nani a maikaʻi ʻole kēia. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi o kēia mau manu i ka mea moʻomeheu o kānaka: no ka laʻana, ma nā hula alpine, mau neʻe e like me ka lele ʻana a me ke kakaka, ʻano like o kahi kīwaha o kēia wā, ua hoʻohana ʻia.

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele

Nui nā manu hale kākele ʻeleʻele kamaʻāina mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua lilo kēia holoholona i lilo i protagonist o nā moʻolelo, moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo o nā keiki. I nā hana he nui o ka hāpele ʻeleʻele, hōʻike ka mea kākau i ke akamai, wikiwiki ʻia, akā maikaʻi maoli kēlā ʻano? ʻO ka ʻōpiopio kīnā ʻole kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia o ka papa manu. I aʻo hou ʻia e pili ana i ia mea.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka mākaka kekahi o nā manu e aloha nui ʻia i ka poʻe. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ia no kona mau hoʻomanaʻo ʻōpio kamaliʻi o nā moʻolelo he nui, no kona helehelena a hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi, a me ka waiwai kūikawā ma waena o nā mea hopu. Ua kapa ʻia ka māka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e nā inoa like ʻole: "mākaʻi", "keʻokeʻo", "ʻeleʻele", "māhule palule". I ka ʻōlelo Latin, ka inoa o nā hulu ʻīlio e like me Lyrurus tetrix. ʻO ka kumu, hele mai nā inoa mai ʻelua mau ʻano: kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻano kiʻi.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ke kaila ʻeleʻele?

ʻO ke kiʻi: kahi kāleka kāne ʻeleʻele

ʻO nā hale hale ka manu maʻamau. Loaʻa ka nui o nā manu ʻo ia ka nui ma ʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia. I kēia mau mokuna, ʻaʻole mau ka lehulehu. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā loli i ka pae ʻāina, ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai kūpono. Inā ma ka ʻākau a me ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa ka noho ʻana o ka lālani pōkole ma nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi lāʻau ala-ala, a laila ma ke komohana a me ke kikowaena makemake lākou e noho i nā wao i loaʻa i nā kuahiwi. ʻOiai ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe, ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o Europa ua nalowale loa. Hana ʻia kēia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka huli ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ikaika o nā kānaka.

Ma Asia, hiki ke loaʻa nā manu like ʻole ma kekahi mau wahi o Keolani Akau, Kina, Mongolia, a me Kazakhstan. He pālahalaha nui kēia manu ma Rūsia. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ma aneane kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale, me nā mea i loaʻa ʻole. Eia kekahi, noho ka nui o nā hāmeʻa kūloko pōkole ma Ukraine, e koho ana i nā wahi me nā palaloka kokoke i nā ʻolua a me nā muliwai nui ma laila. Mai loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano manu ma Sakhalin, ma ka Crimea a me Kamchatka.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: He ʻaina noho manuahi ʻo Grouse. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ke lawe nei lākou i nā relocations papaha. ʻO nā manu nui o nā manu e holo like ʻole, me ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai ka home mua. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea e like me ka nele o ka hānai.

Ke koho nei i kahi e noho ai, e nānā pono ke kīlea kīlea i kekahi mau mea: ke loaʻa o ka meaʻai kūpono, ke ʻano kūpono. Ua kūpono lākou no ka pehu a me nā wahi i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau i kahi kokoke e wehe i nā kahua. Makemake nui nā ʻōiwi holoholona e noho i nā puʻu, nā nahele, nā mauna, ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a i ʻole kokoke i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, kahi āu e loaʻa mau ai i kahi mea e loaʻa pono ai. Pōʻalo kēia mau manu i nā nahele pouri a huli i nā wahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau birch i nā nui nui.

ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe kahi e noho ai ka mākele ʻeleʻele. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.

He aha kā ka mākeke ʻeleʻele?

Kiʻi kiʻi: Grouse ma Russia

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai ʻaina ʻeleʻele o ka mea kanu meaʻai. Nui nā ʻano manu manu ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, i ka nui o nā hua ono, nā hua, nā mea kanu ma ke alanui.

I ka manawa mahana, ua komo nā meaʻai:

• nā hua lāʻau, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu
• pua, pua, a me na pua.
• lau o kekahi ulu, mau mea kanu,
• nā huaʻai hou: cranberry, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberry,
• nā hua ʻai: palaoa, millet.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua palaoa, millet, kīkaha ʻeleʻele e hōʻino i ka ʻāina mahiai, nā māla lau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā pōpoki nui. Maʻalahi loa ka ʻai ʻana i ka māla, makemake ʻia i nā hua ʻai, nā lau a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe iā lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kaʻai ʻana o kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole lākou e lele i nā ʻāina mahana, no laila ua koi ʻia lākou e ʻimi i ka ʻai ma lalo o ka mānoʻi o ka hau ma nā lāʻau. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻai ke keʻokeʻo i nā ʻōpū, nā kuʻi, nā ʻōpala lāʻau. Adore birch, willow, aspen, alder. E noʻonoʻo e pili pū me nā huaila juniper, cones pine.

Mea ʻoiaʻiʻo: I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano o kā lākou hoʻowalewale ʻana, hoʻopau nā pākeke i nā pebbles liʻiliʻi i ka wā e ʻai ana. Hāʻawi lākou i ka meaʻai i ke kō ʻana i ka ʻoi loa o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kaʻina hana ʻana.

ʻO ka meaʻai o nā keiki o ke kīpē ʻeleʻele e ʻokoʻa. I ka wā mua o ko lākou ola ʻana, he pōkole nui nā pēpē liʻiliʻi. No kēia kumu, makemake i ka meaʻai holoholona i kā lākou meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi nā Kuki i nā cicadas, nā pōpoki, nā spider, nā moka, nā anuʻi a me nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe a ko lākou mau mākua i lawe ai. Ke ulu nei i loko o kahi mākaʻi ʻeleʻele, e emi iki ka pono o ka ʻai holoholona a laila pau loa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: Kāleka i ka ulu lāʻau

Hiki i kahi palekana ke koho maluhia i nā manu paʻa. Noho lākou i ka ʻāina like, e koho ana i nā wahi me ke ʻano hoʻonaninani. Eia nō naʻe, ma waena o kēia mau manu ua ʻolua, akā aia kekahi mau manawa o ka hiki neʻe. ʻAʻole maʻamau lākou. He hoʻohuli iki ʻia. ʻO ke kumu nui o ia mea e pili ana i ka nele o ka meaʻai.

I nā makahiki paʻiki a i ʻole ka loli ʻana o ke anuanu, ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai o nā manu. No laila hoʻoneʻe lākou i nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i kahi wahi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻohe hemahema. Kuhi maʻalahi, ʻo ke kumu o ka hiki ke neʻe o ka nui o ka holo i ka helu o nā holoholona. E hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka nui o kēlā mau manu. Hoʻohā pinepine kēia hana i hoʻokahi i ʻelima a ʻumi mau makahiki.

ʻOiaiʻo nā mea hoihoi: ʻO ke kiʻi pīkī hoihoi e pakele ai i ke anu i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia wale nō nā manu nāu e hoʻohana ana i nā keʻena "hau" no ka mahana ʻana. Kuhi lākou i nā lua liʻiliʻi no lākou iho, kahi a lākou e hūnā ai i ka wā anu a me nā hau. Ma waho e hele aku nā manu i ka ʻimi e ʻai ai.

Noho ka hale aliʻi ma nā nahele, nā nahele, nā mauna, ʻaʻole i mamao loa i ke kumu o ka wai. Noho lākou i nā pōpoki. Me kahi helu o nā manu, ko lākou wahi e noho ai ka maʻalahi me ka ʻūhā nui. Hōʻalo pinepine nā mea kahiko i ka leo, ʻoiai ma ka wā pā. Hoʻokahi wale nā ​​kāne kāne i ke mele pū, a ʻo nā wahine wale kekahi i kākoʻo i ke mele. ʻO ke ala o ke ola o kēia mau manu he terrestrial. Hoʻohana wale nā ​​manu i nā lāʻau wale no ka ʻai: nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā ʻōpio, nā cones. Holo ka hale ʻaina i ka pō wale nō ma ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ke kaikamahine, ʻoiai me ka nui o ke kino a me ka hoʻohālikelike nui i nā hens home, he "flyers" maikaʻi loa. Ua piʻi koke kēia mau manu i ka lewa mai kekahi maka. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokuke maikaʻi loa ka huki ʻeleʻele mai ka lepo, a aneane hikiʻole mai nā lāʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

ʻO ke kiʻi: he pālahalaha o ke keʻokeʻo

He mea paʻakikī paha ka huki ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa huki i ka mākeke. Hoʻololi maikaʻi lākou i kā lākou ʻano me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela mua. I ka pūnāwai, ke alakaʻi nei ke kīleʻa i ke ola i ke ʻano ikaika, pinepine a kani nui ke kani. Ua kapa ʻia kēia wā ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia wā. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ia i ka mahina o Malaki. He mea hiki ʻole ke kau inoa i ka helu kūpono, no ka mea i nā wahi like ʻole o ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele, aia nā hiʻohiʻona climatic a me ke ʻano kikoʻī.

Hiki i ke kaʻina o ka hana ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ke hōʻike ʻia i nā hana:

• kūlā kālā. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kīkaha kāne kāne i nā nui nui ma nā kihi o ka ulu lāʻau, kahi i kamaʻilio pinepine ai ko lākou me kēlā me kēia. A hiki i nā ʻumikumamālima ke hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hoʻokahi. ʻO ka uluʻana i ka wā e hala nei ma kahi oʻelua pule. I ka manawa like, e loaʻa paha nā male a hakakā paha ma waena o lākou,
• ka hānai ʻana o ka wahine. Ma hope o nā kāne, hiki i ka wahine i ka wahi moe. Ma laila hiki iā lākou ke koho i kahi hoa no lākou iho. A laila haʻalele nā ​​manu, a haʻalele nā ​​kāne i nā wahine, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono lākou.
• mea kūʻauhau. Kūkulu nā wahine i kā lākou mau ʻuhane ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai kahi o ka moe ʻana. ʻO ka hālaha ʻeleʻele kahi puka liʻiliʻi kahi kahi e waiho ai nā wahine i nā ʻanuʻu, mauʻu, nā lau, nā hulu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi nīnū ma nā pāpū o nā lau, nā wīwī,
• ka hoʻomoe a ʻoki me nā hua. Hāpai ʻia nā hua manu e nā wahine i ka mahina o Mei. Nani ke kālai ʻia ke kīleʻele ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā hua he ʻumikumamākolu. Loaʻa i nā hua me ka kala ʻoka kukui me nā specks. e ʻoki ʻia ka wahine i nā hua no ka iwakāluakumālima mau lā,
• mālama i nā moa. Hana pū ka wahine i kāna hua ma luna ona. E mālama ʻia ana ʻo Kohikahi e ko lākou makuahine no kahi e ʻumi lā. Mālama ʻo ia i kāna mau hua mai nā mea minamina a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. ʻAi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū i ka meaʻai holoholona: nā larvae, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi, nā anuʻi.

ʻO ka moa Prairie

ʻO kēia manu, e like me nā kaikua āpau ʻē aʻe, no ka ʻohana pheasant. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kīleʻa o ka nahele ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I ka hoʻoilo, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā anuanu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke hilahila e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka māla. Aia ia ma kēlā mau wahi e mālama ai lākou e ola i nā manawa koʻikoʻi o ka makahiki a ʻaʻole ʻike i nā pilikia pilikia.

ʻO kahi noho o kēia ʻano kīkaha ʻekeʻeleʻele he mau ʻanuʻu walnut, nā wahi me ka nui o ka rose rose a me ka birch. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, ua hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou wahi a neʻe i nā wahi me nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe.

No ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana, koho nā manu iā lākou iho nā ʻāina āpau e kokoke ana i nā kino wai a me nā lau liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hele mua ʻana o kahi loko i kahi pōmaikaʻi no ke ola ʻoluʻolu kalakaʻa ʻōuli ma ke ʻano. Ua kākau ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Red Book i ka makahiki 1967 a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia.

Kālepa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele

Ke noho nei kēia mau ʻahu a keokeo i nā wahi mai ka waena o Alaska a hiki i Yukon, e hiki aku ana i ka Pōhaku Nui. Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o kēia manu - ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o 49 cm, a ʻaʻole hiki ke paona i kahi kilogram.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kahi mākaʻi kākahi huelo, ʻo kona ʻili, ma ke kikowaena o nā hulu e nānā ʻia ana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi kaula ʻulaʻula ma waena o nā maka o ka manu. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka maka o ka mua.

Mālama i kēia mau manu ke noho i nā kuʻuna me nā mauʻu haʻahaʻa e kōkua ai i ka hūnā ʻana i kā lākou ʻuʻuku. Inā e noho nei ka māleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka ulu lāʻau, laila ʻimi ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nona iho. Loaʻa pinepine i ka ʻāina mahiai a me nā bogs kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke helehelena o kahi mākaukau ʻeleʻele

Aia nāʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaomi wahine male kāne. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi dimorphism moe kiʻekiʻe ma kēia kiʻekiʻe, no kēia noʻonoʻo ʻana, ua hana kā ke ʻano i nā mea a pau. Aia nā kala melemele a me nā kala momona nā kāne a pau.

I ka laulā, he manu nani ʻo ia, hiki ke nānā ʻia no nā hola. He manu nui ka manu, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāʻī pōkole. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka nui o ka hulu i hiki ke piʻi i ka 6,5 ​​kg. ʻO kona lōʻihi hiki i kahi mita.

Kōkua Wahine Kauʻaole

Hoʻohana ʻia nā maka o nā manu me kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula ʻaʻole i ulaula. ʻO ka pīpī o nā manu ʻaʻole kaulana. Aia luna ma luna. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻuʻuku e nā hulu. Ua pōkole nā ​​ʻēheu, he ʻōpū lākou.

Ke kāʻili ʻia nei ka huelo o nā kāne. Ua uhi ʻia ka limu o ka manu me ka plumage. ʻAno like ka ʻōpala o nā wahine i kahi ʻōpala o nā kāne. He ʻōmole a ʻaʻole ke hōʻahewa ʻia e like me ke ʻano o waho.

Pahu manu a me ka noho ʻana

Hiki ke loaʻa i ka māka i nā ʻāina Palaearctic a me Neo-Arctic. ʻO nā wahi mai ka Pyrenees a i ka hikina hikina o Manchuria, nā ʻāina o Skotiska a me Mongolia, nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Akau, Asia a me ʻEulopa e noho nui a kēia mau manu nani a ʻoluʻolu. Hiki i nā hapa nui o kā lākou mau ʻano ma Lūkini.

He manu ʻolua kēia, akā i ka wā hana o ka ulana hoʻowahāwahā maoli ʻia e pili ana i kahi e kūkulu ai kahi noho. I kēia manawa, hoʻāʻo ke kūleʻa ʻeleʻele e pale i nā lau nahele, nā nahele ʻuliuli me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAiʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi no lākou i nā kumulāʻau me nā ulu lāʻau aspen, kahi e ʻikea ai nā kumulāʻau birch, nā pā me nā cereals, a me nā hua hua. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka manawa i hiki ai ke nānā i kēia mau manu i ke ala hele. Akā me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mahiʻai, hele liʻiliʻi lākou i laila.

E koho nā manu i ka ʻāina no kā lākou mau hihi. Hoʻopili pololei iā ia i nā mākeke ulu a i ʻole nā ​​mānoanoa hoʻi o kahi aahu keʻokeʻo e loaʻa ai ka puʻe. Kahi ia ka mea e hoʻohana wale i kahi kaumaha ma ka lepo no kēia.

E pili i ka pilikia o ka hale, pili wale ke kuleana āpau me ka wahine. ʻAʻole ka mea ʻelele o nā kāne ikaika i kēia mau mea. No ka hoʻomehana i ka hale i hoʻopau ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hulu a me nā lau malo. Makemake nā manu i ka ʻohana. ʻO ka lole kākela hoʻoilo he mea nui loa ka hoʻopili ʻana. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka wahine i kāna kāne i kēia manawa o ka makahiki.

I nā mahina mahina, hoʻoulu nā manu i nā kumulāʻau e ʻimi i nā pua hou a me nā ʻoki. He hoihoi loa ke kiaʻi iā lākou i kēia manawa. ʻO nā kīwīʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me nā paila ikaika ma kahi lālā a hiki ke alo i lalo i lalo no ka lōʻihi.

Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona maʻalahi a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka luku piha ʻana o kekahi o kā lākou ʻano nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻakikī nui i loaʻa i ka poʻe hahai.

Kalaiʻi i kēia manawa nuku no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai. Kūleʻa lākou i nā pālua. Mamua kiki palaoa e mālama pono i kāna hua, incubates a mālama pono iā ia. Ke kokoke loa i ka hoʻoilo, hui hou nā manu i nā ʻohana. I kēia manawa, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ka māka uliuli ke manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻāina.

Pale loa ka lele ʻana. I ke ao e lele ai lākou mai ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, a i ka pō e iho ai lākou i ka lepo. I ka hoʻoilo, no ka pō piʻi lākou i loko o ka hoʻoilo, pēlā e pakele ai i ke anuanu. Ma laila lākou e hoʻolilo ai i kekahi mau lā inā hāʻule ka nui o ke ʻano ma ke alanui. Akā i ka hiki ʻana ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, mālama nui nā manu.

Ua hoʻopuka maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e hoʻokau i ka pilikia ma mua. He kūpono ia e hana i kahi neʻe i kūleʻa ai i ka wā o ka hopu a hiki iā ʻoe ke makaʻu i ka pīpī uliuli āpau. Lele lele nā ​​manu huluhulu a ʻano piula, e hoʻokumu ana i ka haunaele a puni.

He manu kūʻai kālā kēia manu, no laila ka hānai ʻeke puʻupuʻu paʻakai he wahi punahele punahele no nā mea hopu he nui. ʻO kā lākou luku mua ʻana i alakaʻi ʻia i ka pili ʻana i kekahi mau ʻōiwi ma kahi e piha ai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka malu o ke kanaka.

Mea ʻai

Paʻa meaʻai nā ʻokoʻa loa. Aia ia i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me kahi o ka noho ʻana o ka manu. I kahi ākea nui, hoʻokumu ka mea kanu i kāna meaʻai. I ke kauwela, hiki ke hui pū me ka meaʻai holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o kona ola kaila e pono i kahi nui o nā pepeke.

I ka hoʻoilo, makemake lākou i nā puna lāʻau, nā hua a me nā pono. ʻO kahi māla e noho kokoke ana i nā mahinaʻai, me ka ʻole o ka hilahila a me ka makaʻu, hoʻolohi i nā hua o nā hua. Kūpono nui ʻia kēia i ka hāʻule, i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili. Mālama ʻia ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā manu ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pebbles liʻiliʻi a me nā hua paʻakikī.

Ara parrot

Hōʻike manu

He pīpī nui ka mākaʻi me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a pōkiki pōkole. He nunui ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻo ko lākou kino kino ka 49 a 58 cm, ke kaupaona nei ko lākou paona ma waena o 1-1.4 kg, a ʻo nā wahine lōʻihi ka lōʻihi mai 40 a 45 cm, a ʻo kā lākou paona he 0.7-1 kg.

Lōno o ke kāne

ʻO ke kāne he poli ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi poni a ʻulaʻula a i ke poʻo paha, ke ʻāʻī, ka goiter a me nā kua i lalo, nā maka ʻulaʻula māmā. ʻO ka midsection ke kua he brown me nā kukui māmā o nā hulu, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu ʻeleʻele i ka kala, me "nā aniani" - nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka hapa lalo o 1 a 5 mau hulu hulu. Ua ʻoi aku nā ʻōlelo "Mirrors" ma nā hulu hulu lua. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu ʻili ma kahi huelo me ka lei ʻulaʻula ma nā wēlau, kihi ka hulu hulipuhila papau i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka huelo o ka poniʻulaʻula lā i ka hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Lāpule o kahi wahine

ʻO ke anā ka wahine, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ʻia i ke kala me nā ʻāpana o ke kala, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka kū like ʻole he like me kahi capercaillie wahine, akā ke hoʻāki ʻia nei e "ke anilelika" keʻokeʻo ma luna o kona mau ʻēheu a me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma kāna huelo. Ke keʻokeʻo ka undercoat. He mau ʻulaʻula manu nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ko lākou ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻāpana o ke kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo.

Hoʻaiho

Ma ke komohana a me ka waena o ʻEulopa, e noho ana ke kaele ʻeleʻele i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻāina mauna, i nā kiʻekiʻe mai 1400 a 1800 m ma mua o ke kai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ko lākou laulā. ʻO ka mea maʻamau e makemake i ke kīleʻele ʻele e noho ma kahi o ka nahele a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu e hui ai me nā wahi ākea, no ka laʻana, i nā puʻu, nā mākaʻi, nā wao nahele, nā awāwa wai, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai, nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO ka koho pinepine ka koho ʻana i kahi māka i nā wahi i ulu ai nā ʻoka birch.

Kaʻiole kīleʻele Caucasian (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi)

ʻO waho, ka like ʻana o ka manu me kahi kaila melemele maʻamau, akā ua ʻokoʻa ia ia ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano o ka huelo.

ʻO ka loa o ke kino o ke kāne mai 50 a 55 cm, ke kaupaona nei he 1.1 kg, plumage he papalū ka pōpō ʻoloʻeleʻele, ʻaʻohe "ʻōnohi" ma nā ʻēheu, ʻulaʻula nā maka, ʻulaʻula ka ulupa, he forked. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine mai 37 a ke 42 cm, ke kaupaona nei he 0.95 kg, he palupalu ka plumage, ʻulaʻulaʻula a me ka poloke.

Hoʻopau ka mea like ʻole i ka Caucasus ma Lūkia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, a me Turkey. Ke alakaʻi nei ka manu i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. Noho nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3300 m ma mua o ke kai, nalo kahi liʻiliʻi loa. Noho ia i ka mauʻu palupalu o rhododendron a me ka puaʻe kūlohelohe, a me nā ʻona liʻiliʻi i ulu nui ʻia me ka birch undersized a me juniper.

ʻAne kāne a me ka wahine: nā mea nui loa

ʻO ka hōʻike mua o ka seksiona dimorphism o ke kaʻe ʻeleʻele kahi i nui loa ka nui o nā wahine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne. Eia kekahi, ʻeleʻele ka plumage o ke kāne me ka poni a ʻulaʻula paha, a ulaula nā ʻōuli. He keʻokeʻo ka tummy, keʻokeʻo ka jailo. A i loko o ka wahine, he pena ke ʻano o ka plumage, tan me nā ʻōpala o ke kala, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula.

Nā ʻlelo

Hānau ʻia ʻo Kohiki i loko o nā fluff pehu a ma hope o hoʻokahi mau hola ua haʻalele lākou i ka nano a hahai i ka wahine. ʻO nā lā 10 mua o ke ola no nā keiki ka mea maikaʻi loa loa. I loko o kēia manawa, nānā mau ka wahine iā lākou, hoʻolohe i nā leo kikoʻī a, ke hoʻokokoke ana kahi mea kiki, e hoʻoneʻe iā ia i ka ʻaoʻao. No kēia mea, ke hoʻohālike nei ka wahine i "hōʻeha", e holo ana, e pālahalaha ana i kona mau ʻēheu, lele nui a cackles nui. ʻO ka lohe ʻana i ka uwē ʻana o ka makuahine, e hānai piole ana nā keiki moa a kali i ka pōpilikia. I nā lā 10, hiki iā ʻoe ke hui hou a ka pua a ma ka makahiki 1 a ua lilo lākou i ʻēheu.

ʻO ka manawa āpau ke hana ʻia i nā kāne, hūnā lākou a mālama pono.

Manaʻo

Hāpai ka wahine i nā wīwī, hakakā i ke kani "ko-ko"; Hōʻani leo nui nā kāne a no ka manawa lōʻihi, aia ka lōʻihi o ka pōʻino, hana lākou i kahi kani "chuu-ish".

Hiki ke lohe ʻia ka oli o nā kāne wale nō i ka manawa o ka moe ʻana, i ka lua o ka lua o Malaki a i ʻApelila Akā i ka wā hoʻoilo o ke kauwela, e kū mai ana ma Iulai, ʻo ka leʻaleʻa e noho mālie.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

• Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka māka ma nā kaʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē. Hōʻike ʻia ka kiriki Caucasian i kahi kālā kālā 1 ruble i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka Bank of Russia ma ʻOkakopa 24, 1995.
• Ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻo Scandinavia, ʻo ka māka ʻeleʻele kahi o nā manu lawaiʻa e kūwaho nui ʻia ana; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pēpē i pana ʻia no ka ʻūhā keʻokeʻo a me nā kīkaha laʻa. I ke kinikini mua o 1990, e pili ana iā 120,000 mau kānaka o kēia mau manu e pana ʻia aku nei i Rusia ma ka makahiki.

Nā ʻōleʻa ʻōleʻa

Aia ka ʻohana pheasant i 17 mau ʻano, kahi i hui pū ʻia i 8 genera. E pili ana kēia:

· Palena Hazel: kolamu, maʻamau a me grice Severtsov,

· Ka pua ʻala: Kanaka a me kahi kalaki ʻōleʻele maʻamau.

· Kosach a me ka Caucasian,

Loaʻa nā ʻanoʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona e wehewehe pono ana i ko lākou mau ʻokoʻa i ka helehelena.

E kōkua nui ʻoe iā mākou inā e haʻi aku i kahi ʻatikala ma nā launa pūnaewele a like. Mahalo iā ia.

E kāhea i kā mākou kahawai.

E heluhelu hou i nā moʻolelo ma House House.

E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka kūlohelohe ikaika loa i ka nohona pili, paʻa, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka manawa o ka moe ʻana, hui ʻia nā pā o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Ua loaʻa ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka paʻi i 200 mau pahuhopu. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hana i ka mahana mahana aia i ke kakahiaka nui a ma mua o ka lā. I ke ahiahi, ʻauʻau nā manu i ka lā, e noho ana ma nā lālā.

He noho ʻano ʻokoʻa nā manu. No ka manawa lōʻihi lākou e hele nei ma ka ʻāina, ke neʻe wikiwiki a neʻe hoʻi ma loko o nā mānoanoa paʻa wale. Eia lākou ua ʻike ai i ka meaʻai, ʻano a hoʻomaha. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka pō ma luna o ka ʻāina, ma lalo o ke kumu lāʻau, ma nā puhila.

Inā pono, e lawe wikiwiki a me ka leo. Holo a lele ka lele o nā manu. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka māka ma ke ʻano he ʻāina a me ka manu ʻoihana. Hele lākou i waena o nā lāʻau, hoʻopau i ka pō ma nā puʻupuʻu, noho mālie a hiki i nā lālā manawaleʻa ke kākoʻo ʻole i ko lākou paona.

I ka huli ʻana o kahi tidbit, hiki i nā apo pepeiao ke kau i lalo, ʻoiai e hoʻopili mau ana i ka lālā.

He pepeiao maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ka hale ʻaina ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ka mea mua e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona alaloma. E makaʻala loa ke ʻano, inā hiki i ka pilikia, hiki i ka Kosach ke lele i nā mauʻumi mau mile. Ua hiki i ka huakaʻi lele ke 100 km / h.

He ʻokoʻa nā ke ola o nā manu, ʻoi aku ka loli i ka hoʻoilo o ka manawa anu. Kāleʻele keʻokeʻo i ka hoʻoilo ke ao ia e noho ai i nā kumulāʻau, pinepine iā ia ma luna o nā ʻuā, a ma ke kakahiaka, e hoʻomaka ana e hūnā ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, holo kai mai luna mai i kahi kahe hau e paila ana a hana i kahi kaona hohonu i loko.

Ke hana nei i kahi neʻe a me kahi keʻena nane, pace nā manu i ka hau. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā wahi i loko o ka hau ma nā hāhā, ma o ke neʻe wikiwiki ʻana, no ka hoʻowalewale i ka manhole me nā ʻēheu i kahi hohonu o 50 cm.

Ma nā manawa o ka hau maloʻo nui, ke noho nei i nā hale e hoʻonui nui ʻia. Hiki ke puka aku ka mākaʻi no ka hānai ʻana mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo no 1-2 mau hola. Inā hōʻino kekahi i nā manu, lūlū iki lākou mai nā lua, e neʻe i kahi mau mika a laila e haʻalele.

Ua lilo kēia i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no nā manu, e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka infusion, a me nā pilikia i ka hoʻopiʻi i nā nokeʻe hoʻoilo.

Ke hele nei ma lalo o ka uhi hoʻoilo ʻaʻole i hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama o ka inlaid me ka hoʻolohe kūpono. Ua lohe ʻo ia i ka lele ʻana o ka hāhaka, a me nā ʻalopuhope o kahi kīwaha, a me kahi neʻe o ka lynx. Inā kani nā kani kokoke i ka hoʻopale ʻulaʻula manuahi a i ʻole hoʻi o ka hau o ka hau ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa, ua waiho ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka kahi i kuʻi ʻia a emi koke.

I ka pūnāwai, wīwī liʻiliʻi nā ʻohana. Hoʻoluʻolu nā hale i ka ʻai me nā haʻalulu, bask i nā hihi i nā ʻaoʻao kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao ākea. Ua lawa pono nā ʻenemi: nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻaleka, nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā martens, nā ʻaleʻa a me nā ʻukelē. ʻO ka ʻehinā mau huluhulu ʻāhinahina a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka luku loa ʻana o nā manu, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻae ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO nā mea ʻumi, ke aʻo nei i ke ʻano o ka manu mālama aka akā ma ka manawa like i ke ʻano manu manu ʻole, hiki ke hoʻowalewale i ka ʻōpala āpau. ʻO ka hana waiwai: ke kaiāulu, ke kau ʻana i nā alanui a me nā laina mana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻāina waʻai - ke kīpī nei i nā mākeke paladika mai ko lākou wahi maʻamau.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

I ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka ka wā koho kalima ma nā kihi lāʻau, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu pinepine ai lākou i kahi hoʻokahi. Hōʻike nui nā poʻe ʻoihana i nā kāhea ʻana o nā kāne. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēlā me kēia ma luna o ke koena o kēia mau manawa, akā me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka heluna o ka lehulehu, kahi o nā poʻo he 3-5 e lilo pinepine.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka noho kālā ma ka awelika mai ʻApelila a waena o Iune. Hoʻopili hope ʻia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting ʻana i nā manu.

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele - kahi kiʻi pīhoihoi o ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka palapala. ʻO nā manu nani e kūʻē i ke kua o ke ʻano nani o ke ʻano me nā mele hemo nui e hana ana i ka hopena o kahi kalupulu e kulu ʻia ana, ka mea i lohe ʻia i ke aniani no ka 3 km.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma kahi kapa ʻaina keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka uhi ʻana o nā lālā. ʻO kēia mau lua liʻiliʻi me nā litter foliage, nā lālā liʻiliʻi, mauʻu, moss a me nā hulu. Hoʻopili ke wahine i nā hua he 6-8 he kūʻokoʻa no 22-23 mau lā. ʻAʻole i komo nā Males i nā kahu hānai. He monogamous nā Males.

ʻO kahi pūnana me kahi hua manu e hōʻoia pono ana e kiaʻi i ka māka. Kānehele ʻia ʻo ia ma ka maalea, ka lele ʻana mai waho mai o ka pūnai a lūlū hou aku i ka mea nāna i hānai i ka nahele, a hoʻi ʻo ia i ka masonry. ʻO ka ʻōuli kūmole o nā moa o kahi mākaʻikaʻi e alakaʻi i kahi paʻa e pono ai.

He makuahine maikaʻi ʻo Grouse, ke pale ʻole i ka pale i kāna mau pua mai ka manawa o ke anuanu a me ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻana i nā mea kikoʻi. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻōpio ke lele, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa, hoʻomaka ke ola kūʻokoʻa.

I ka hoʻoilo, he hoʻomaka ke kau ʻana ma mua o ka ulu kālā, akā ʻaʻole like me ka ikaika o ka pūnāwai. ʻIke ʻia nā ala o kēia wā hoʻoilo ma ka hau ma Mongolia, akā he hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kēia i ke kūlohelohe. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka maʻamau laikuhi ola ola he 11-13 makahiki.

I ke kiʻi, ʻo kahi lei manu e waiho pū me nā hua ʻōlima

Laikaha ʻaina kūleʻele

Keʻena ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele - ʻĀina, i ʻike ʻia mai nā wā kahiko, me ʻekolu mau kumu nui:

• me ke kōkua o kekahi hut,
• mai ka k? naka
• mai ka puka.

Kūkulu ʻia nā huts mai kahi ulu ulu lāʻau a me nā lala ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai kahi pūnaewele i ʻike ʻia kaulana. Pono ke holo ʻana i kahi noho lōʻihi i loko o kahi ākea a me ka nui o ka noho ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli aku ai i nā manu mai ko lākou mau wahi maʻamau.

Kāleka keʻokeʻo me ka neʻe ʻana hopu ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole wale ʻia. ʻO ka hana a ka mea lawaiʻa e hele kokoke i kahi e hiki ai i ka wā o kāna mele. Inā nui nā manu, a laila hiki i kekahi o ke kūpaʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla E makaʻu aku i nā kihi ʻeleʻele a pau. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, ua hanaʻia ke ala i nā poʻe.

Holo like like mai ka lānai ka hoʻokokoke ʻana ma kekahi lio a waʻa paha i kahakai i koho ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Holo holoholona i ka hoʻoilo lawe pinepine ʻia me nā ʻīlio, a i ka hoʻoilo me nā manu i kāʻei ʻia. Kākau paʻa lawelawe i ka hoʻopunipuni no nā ʻohana ʻike i ʻike ma luna o nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana.

Nui nā mea aloha i ʻike e pili ana i ka mākeleʻeleʻele, kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻimi like ʻole no ka hopu ʻana a me nā ʻola ʻana, pehea e kuke ai i ka kīpahu ʻeleʻele, akā no ka mālama ʻana i kēia manu nani a ʻōlio o ka ulu lāʻau Lūkia.

He aha kahi mea uaki

He manu nui kēia me ka beak pōkole a me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi. Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i ke kāne a me ka wahine, a ʻo ka mua ka nui o ka nui, hoʻohālikelike me ka wahine. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kāne hiki i 58 cm, a kaupaona ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,4 kg. Hiki i ka wahine ka lōʻihi o 45 cm, koʻikoʻi a hiki i 1 kg. Ke hōʻike nei ke ʻano o nā hulu o kēia manu. ʻO ke kapa keokeo ʻeleʻele he polū ʻoneʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula a kokoke paha ke poʻo, ke kua i lalo, goiter a me ka ʻāʻī. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻōlaka nā lāhaka.

ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu pua i ka kala, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma lalo nei. Hōʻikeʻike ikaika ka palahalaha ma nā hulu o ka lua o ka pae. ʻEleʻele ka hulu manu ma ka huelo me ka pua o ka poni a ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka hulu ʻoi loa ka hana ma ke ʻano he rudder e hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao, kahi ʻehā o ka lyre.

ʻO ka pena ke kala o nā hulu o ka wahine i ʻūkū ʻia, me ka ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā palania hina, me ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele. I waho, he ʻano like o ka capercaillie wahine. ʻO ka hoʻokoʻa o ka mea keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu a me kahi fossa liʻiliʻi ma ka huelo. Keʻokeʻo nā hulu ma lalo o ka huelo. Loaʻa i kahi kapa ʻōpiopio'ōmaʻomaʻo mau ke kala kala, nā ʻāpana e kau i nā wahi a me nā ʻāpana o ka melemele a me ke keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula, a me ka keʻokeʻo.

Kāleʻele ʻeleʻele

ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia hulu hulu ka ʻōkōhelehele, ke ala lāʻau alahele a me nā wahi lāʻau o Eurasia, mai nā Pelekānia Pelekane a me nā mauna Alpine ma ke komohana a hiki i ka Kūleʻa Korea a me ke Teritori Ussuri ma ka hikina. I ke komohana a me waena o ʻEulopa, noho nā manu ma nā kuahiwi mauna, i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1800 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. Akā ma mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou kahi noho. ʻO ka hapanui o ka māka ʻeleʻele e noho ana ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i waiho ai nā pala lāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau i hui ʻia me nā wahi ākea. Penei, i kekahi awāwa wai, kahi ululāʻau kahi, i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahe. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mākeke ʻeleʻele makemake i nā kiʻi ʻalā.

Ke nīnau nei ka poʻe he nui: ʻo ka māka pōkole migratory a i ʻole? Hiki ke kapa ʻia he manu ia i ʻōhi ʻia a i ʻole kahi i noho ʻia. ʻAʻole mau keʻa o kona mau wā mokulele, a e pili pinepine ana i ka nele o ka ʻai i ka hoʻoilo, me ka mea e loli ai ka nui o nā manu.

Pehea nā moʻa manuahi

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he manu polygamous kēia. Noho nā kāne Vesta ma nā ʻōpū, nā kihi o ka nahele a me kaʻuyut. Hāpai lākou i nā animatedly, ʻuwā, hoʻōla. I ka manawa o kēia manawa pinepine a hiki i 15 kāne. Ke piʻi nei kēia kaʻina i ʻelua pule. Aia nā kāne a pau kahi wahi no ka honua nei. Maʻa pinepine lākou e piʻi i nā lāʻau. Ma waena o lākou iho, he hakakā nā kāne, hakakā, alualu i nā wahine. Ma hope o kēia hanana, hele mai nā wahine i ke kino, a koho i ke kāne. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, kūkulu ka wahine i ka pūnana; hoʻopili pū ʻo ia i nā hua. ʻO ka hānai ʻana o nā pēpē i hana ʻia i lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka wahine.

Hana ʻo ia i kahi māka kokoke i kēia wā. He wahi liʻiliʻi kēia ma ka ʻāina, i uhi ʻia i nā lau kahiko, mauʻu, nā hulu. Aia ka moena i kokoke ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ulu lāʻau, ma lalo o ka juniper, birch, a i ʻole ma nā ʻuʻuku. I ka waena o Mei, ua waiho ka wahine i nā hua, a puka nā hua mua i loko o hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO nā hua ma ka lāiki e paʻa a hiki i ka 9 mau ʻāpana. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kala kala a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO 25 ka lā o ka manawa.

Holo ke keiki i ka linté, a ma hope o kekahi mau minuke kaomi ʻana mai waho o ka pūnana, a hele a hahai ka wahine. ʻO nā lā mua loa no nā keikikāne ka mea weliweli loa. I kēia manawa, mālama mau ka wahine iā lākou, hoʻolohe i nā kani hou, a i loaʻa ka mea kūʻai mua, e alakaʻi aku i nā ʻenemi mai nā moa. E hoʻokaʻawale i kahi mea kuhi, hoʻohilahila ʻo ia he manu ʻeha make, hoʻolalele i kona mau ʻēheu, hoʻōho me ka leo nui, lele. Lohe nā Chicks i ka uē ʻana o ko lākou makuahine a lūlū ʻia e hūnā mai ko lākou mau ʻenemi. Ma hope o 10 mau lā, ua hoʻomaka nā moa pīpī e lele, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e hiki ai iā lākou ke lele. I kēia manawa, mero nā kāne. Ma ka manawa like, e hūnā a e akahele.

ʻO ka hoihoi e pili ana i kahi kākeleʻeleʻele

I ka nui o nā moku'āina, ua hōʻike ʻia ka manu o ke kao ʻeleʻele i luna o nā hōʻailona. Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona Caucasian o kēia manu ma kahi ʻāpana kālā i hana ʻia i ke kālā, i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Bank of Russia i ka makahiki 1995. I nā'āina o Scandinavia a me Rūsia, ua lilo ke kīhai manu i ka manu manuʻai manu ʻinā maʻamau. Hoʻouku ʻia ka nui o nā kupapae no nā keaka hazel a me kahi partridge. Ma Lūkia, i nā 90s, ma kahi o 120,000 mau kupapaʻu o ka mānoanoa ʻeleʻele e kākuhi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻōhua manu manuahi. Noho ʻo ia i kahi ma kahi āna i hānau ai. I ka wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoʻā ʻo ia iā ia iho i loko o kahi hoʻoilo a moe hoʻi i nā kahe i ʻomo ʻia. Ma kona mau wāwae, hiki i kona mau manamana lima ke maʻalahi e neʻe a puni ka hau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO kahi ʻōmole i manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻāina. ʻO ka hapa nui o kona ola aia ma ka honua, ʻeleʻele. Akā, i ka hāʻule hāʻule hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau. E holo wikiwiki a maʻalahi i ka pili ʻana. Ma nā lālā lāʻau, hōʻoluʻolu a me ka hilinaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā lālā ʻoki. Kahi ʻia ka māka i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Eurasia Ma ka hikina a me ka hema o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻaʻohe manu ʻole ia. Hana lākou i kā lākou ʻuhane a hiki i nā kahakai o Greenland. He nui lākou o ka poʻe noho lāʻau. Noho kekahi mau holoholona i nā kumulāʻau, ʻo kekahi e ʻae i ke anuanu o ke kahe o ka Arctic.

Hoʻolālā ke mākeke i nā pāʻani maʻamau. Ma waena o kēia mau manu e loaʻa nā polygams a me ka monogamy. Holo ka mua o lākou i nā pūʻulu. I ka wā o kēia manawa, lele nā ​​kāne i nā wahi kūikawā kahi e hana ai lākou i nā kuʻina paʻakikī me nā kani kūikawā a me nā posture. Hoʻokumu pololei ʻia nā ness me nā kumu o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo kēia mau lua liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia me ka hulu a me ka mauʻu.

He mea nui nā kuki āpau āpau no ka hopu manu ʻana, akā i kēia manawa aia kekahi mau ʻano ma ka Red Book. Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou he manu kahiko kēia, he hewa ʻole kekahi manaʻo. ʻO Grouse ka ʻohana moa ʻōpio ʻōpio, akā ua lehulehu loa, a he 19 mau ʻehā.