Bukarka - kekahi o nā pōʻino weliweli o nā lāʻau hua. E māhele ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina a puni o ka ʻāina, ma ka hema. Ma ka ʻākau e hiki mai ana i ka wahi o Yaroslavl. O nā Beetles a me nā ʻōpiopio e hōʻino ʻia. ʻO nā ʻōpala i'ōpala a me nā ʻōpū i huli ai i ka parau a make, a hāʻule nā lau i ka wā mua, ma muli o ka hopena, ua nalowale kekahi hapa nui o ka hua.
ʻO ka pīpī ulaula he uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kala me ka he metallic sheen, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 2.5-3 mm. kūlou ikaika a rostrum. Larva ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe legless, curved, me ke poʻo keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻo ke kino ka lōʻihi a hiki i 3 mm. Pupa melemele-keʻokeʻo, 2.5-3 mm lōʻihi.
ʻO ka palaleka o Bukarka i ka hoʻoilo ma ka uhi ʻāina. I ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa o ka ʻūhū o nā pua o ka hua, waiho wale nā pahal i nā wahi hoʻoilo a hoʻomaka e ʻai, ma mua o nā palaka, ma hope o nā pua a me nā lau. I ka wā o ka pua o ka hua a ka pua, ua kau nā huaʻi bukarka. No ka hana i kēia, hana ka wahine i kahi lua i ka petiole a i ʻole ka vīkole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau, kahi i hāʻule ai ka hua.
Ma hope o nā lā 6-8, puka mai nā huaʻai mai nā hua, e kāwili ana i ka wai i loko o ka petiole a me ka vins waena, e hoʻopiha ana i ka brown brown, a hoʻopau i ka hānai ʻana i nā lau hāʻule. ʻO ka manawa hānai ʻana o ka palima i mau lā 25-30. A pau ka ʻai ʻana, hele lākou i ka lepo e pupate a paʻa mau ka piʻukee bukark i hoʻomohala ʻia. Hōʻele kekahi o nā huaʻai i loko o ka diapause a me ka haumana i ka hopena o ke kauwela o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Pūnaewele
ʻO ka maʻi kuʻe mea maʻamau ka maʻamau ma ka waena waena a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau soose e ka ʻāpala, pōʻai, plum, blackthorn, cherry, apricot a me nā lāʻau peach. ʻO nā kūpeʻe kuʻi, nā lau, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā huaʻai, hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia. Ke kīhāpai nei ʻo ka lāʻau, ka mea maʻi i hōʻoki i ka wā o ka hāʻule o ka hua.
ʻO ka pīpī geese he raspberry ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me kahi violet a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 4-6-6.5 mm, ka lōʻihi o ka rostrum, ka ʻūhū, ke kino kino i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho sparse. Ivory goose larva, ʻehulā, ʻaukā, ʻūlū, ʻaʻohe kīpē, me ke poʻo polūʻeleʻele, ke lōʻihi o ke kino 8-9 mm. Pupa kaomi-keʻokeʻo, uhi ʻia nā hulu sparse, chitinous fork ma ka hope o ka ʻōpū, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 4-5 mm.
Kuʻi ʻōlohelohe hibernate ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule, i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki. I ka wā mua o ke pūnāwai, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻapihi o nā pūlima, haʻalele nā pīpī i nā wahi hoʻoilo a hoʻomaka e hānai i nā keiki. I ka wā mua, ʻai ka kui i ka pahu, ma hope ua neʻe ia i kahi lāʻau ʻōpala. A hebedoma ma hope o ka pua ʻana o ka hua lāʻau, ua waiho nā mea pīpī i kā lākou hua. Ma kēia hihia, hina ka wahine i kahi keʻena hohonu he 2-3 mm i loko o ka ovary a waiho i kahi huaʻai ma lalo, e uhi ana iā ia me nā kuʻi fetal a a me nā excrement, me ia nā spora o ka hua rot pathogen e komo i ka fetus. Ke loaʻa nei i nā hua, kau ʻo ia i ka ʻalā, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hāʻule o ka pūpū. Ma hope o 8-9 mau lā, honu nā huaʻili mai nā hua, nā mea e hānai ana i ka pulp o nā limu o ka pūpū. A laila e puka lākou mai ka hua a komo i ka lepo i ka hohonu o 10 cm, kahi e hoʻonui ai lākou. ʻO nā pīpī kuʻe o kahi hanauna hou e kū mai mai ka lepo ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā o ka ʻohiʻī, a e hānai i nā hua ʻai.
Rhynchites bacchus
Coleoptera (Beetles) - Coleoptera
Hoʻohui hua - pest of cherries, apple apple, apricots, cherry plums, peaches, bush, plums, bay leaf, cherries, quinces and almonds. Hoʻokomo i ka imago. Pāloʻoki nā pīpokiʻeleu i nā pua, nā lau, nā ʻōpala uliuli, nā rosettes o nā pua a me nā pua, ovaries. Hoʻokomo wale ka mea ʻai ʻai i nā hua palahalaha. Hoʻopili i ka bisexual. ʻAno ka holomua. Hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka papa pākeke i ka lepo. I hoʻokahi makahiki ka holo ʻana, i kekahi manawa i ʻelua mau makahiki.
Kaomi i ke kiʻi e hoʻonui
Koopuu 2.5-4
akeʻa i loko o ka phenophase
cone ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Laulima
Imago. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pīpī he keleawe gula a ʻulaʻula a poni paha. ʻO kaʻula holoʻokoʻa, nā antennae a me nā wāwae i poni. Ke keʻokeʻo nei nā lauoho i uhi ʻia i ke kino, ʻeleʻele ma lalo nei. ʻO ka ʻōpūʻo Elytra. Nā kikowaena o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana. He rostrum ma ka hapalua hapai me keel a me nā kiʻi pili i pili. Laulā - 4.5–6.5 mm ʻole o kahi rostrum, me kahi rostrum - a hiki i 10 mm. ʻO Antennae pololei, me ka māhele liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai ka ʻohana o nā pua.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO pololei nā Proboscis i nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā kāne. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū ʻehā mua i loko o waenakonu nā lauoho keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka males ua pākiki iki i nā proboscis, a ʻulaʻula ʻole ka ʻōpū a me ka pua metallic, ʻaʻohe o nā lauoho.
ʻGpihi ellipsoidal, wai wai keʻokeʻo, lōʻihi - 1 mm.
Larva ʻūpī, maloʻo, keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe wāwae, ʻūhū iki, me kahi poʻo kapoʻi liʻiliʻi. Lōʻihi - 5-9 mm. Keʻano - 2.5-4 mm.
Kaumaka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ke poʻo, antennae, nā wāwae a me nā ʻāpana ʻēheu. Lā - 6-7 mm.
Phenology o ka holomua (i nā lā)
Hoʻohui
Imago puka mai ka lepo i ka pūnāwai, i ka wā o ka huhū o nā keiki, ma kahi wela o kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana iā 6 ° C. Hoʻomaka koke nā pepeke makua i ka ʻai ʻana, i ka ʻikepili i kā lākou ʻike. Ma hope ua hānai lākou i nā lau, nā lau uliuli, nā rosettes o nā pua a me nā pua, ovaries, nā hua.
Ka manawa ʻai nā moʻo no ka hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pua o nā pua hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine i nā lua hohonu i loko o ka hua, ma lalo o ia i waiho ʻia ai nā hua manu - hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia pūlū.
ʻGpihi uhi ʻia me ka ʻili a me ka hoʻopāʻīwī. Ua kau ʻia nā hua he nui i hoʻokahi hua. I ka laʻana, i loko o kahi kīhini nui, ʻo ka nui o ka hua i kau ʻia e hiki i ʻekolu mau keneka. Hoʻomau ka ʻōpeʻa hua - mai 20 a 60 mau lā. Hiki i hoʻokahi kanaka ke waiho i kahi o 200 hua. Pau ko ke kau ʻana i ka hua hoʻokahi, ua kuʻo ka wahine i loko o kāna kumu hua. Hoʻomoe ka hua i ka ʻāina a me nā hemo.
Larva Hiki i nā hua ʻai wale ke ʻai i nā hua pala wale nō. I nā huaʻai āpau, make ʻo ia. Hana ʻia ka larva i nā lā 6-7. Hoʻoulu ia i ka mahina o Iune - ka mahina mua o Iulai.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hele nā ʻōpala i ka lepo i ka hohonu o 10-15 cm, e hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho i nā keʻena honua i ka nui o ka pea a me ka pupate.
Kaumaka aia i ka ʻāina no hoʻokahi mahina. Ma aneʻa ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka pīpī makua.
Imago e puka mai i ka lepo i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻAukake. Piʻi koke lākou i nā kumulāʻau, kahi a hiki i ka hopena lūlū lākou e hānai ai i nā hua, hua a me nā hua pua. I ka hoʻoilo, hele ke kuʻina i ka lepo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku i kahi anakilua āpau a huli i nā pīpī i ka makahiki mua o ke ola. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e hāʻule i loko o ka diapause a noho i ka papa kiaʻi i Iulai-ʻAukake o ka makahiki aʻe. No laila, ʻo ka kuʻuna hua i hōʻike ʻia e nā makahiki hoʻokahi a me ʻelua. Hoʻohana nui ka ola larval e ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomoʻi ʻana i ka lepo. No laila, aia i nā huaʻai apopo he nui nā pihi diapausing. I ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka luhi i ka diapause ua mālama ʻia hoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ua a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana ma ka lā Iulai-ʻAukake
Nā pili lāʻau Morologically
Wahi a morphology (waho waho) o ka pākeke, ke kuʻuna nui (ke kanaka nui) ka mea kokoke loa (Rhynchites giganteus Krynski). ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i nā hiʻohiʻona e like me kēia mau hiʻohiʻona: nā ʻōpū o nā ʻalā elytra i weliweli ʻia i waena a ʻelua a ʻelua paha, ʻo nā lihi o nā alawai he ʻāʻai, ʻālehu, ka nui like ʻole, keleawe-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōiwi, poni wale ʻo ka piko o ka rostrum, ua uhi ʻia me ka keʻokeʻo, ʻānai ʻia i nā lauoho ʻala, he maʻamau ma ka pea, ka nui 6.5-9 mm.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano o nā ʻano
ʻO ka goose fruit (Rhynchites basshul) kahi mea i hoʻohālike ʻia i ka ʻohana o nā pipelines, ʻo ka genus Rhinchitis (Rhynchites). Aia ka pīpī i ka hui o nā pōpoki hua. ʻO kona nui kona 4.5-6.5 mm mm, hāʻawi ʻia i ka rostrum - 10 mm. Ke aniani nā kala, ʻelua mau ʻāpana o nā kaila ʻulaʻula: poni me ke gula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke keleawe-kaomi gula. ʻO ka rostrum, antennae a me nā wāwae wāwae o nā mea i hoʻohālike ʻulaʻula. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, he maka convex, oval. ʻO ka laulā o ke poʻo i ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka rostrum ka cylindrical, hoʻonui ʻia i ka pihi. Aia ka ʻōpū waha i nā proboscis. ʻAʻohe mea lehelehe luna; maxillae e neʻe pololei. Aia ka ʻaoʻao waho o ke mandibles he mau kukuna pū. Antennae lōʻihi a pololei, aia ma ka rostrum. Ke kūlike nei he 11 ʻāpana, hoʻopau me ka mace ka 3 manawa.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna e uhi ʻia me nā lauoho māmā, ʻeleʻele ka lalo. Kūpono ke kumu o ka elytra; ua kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū o ke poʻohiwi. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻaoʻao ma hope, a ua puni ka poʻohiwi. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kiʻi kālai ʻia me nā punct dotted. Hoʻolilo nā māka. Pākuʻi ʻia nā hihaka, ʻaʻohe kakalukil a me nā manamana ma nā wāwae, nā 4-segmented tarsus, nā māka i kāwili ʻia i ke kumu. Hoʻoku maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻēheu Hind, lele nā ʻōpū.
ʻĀlelo Hoʻohui
Hoʻopau nā ʻōpio ma nā ʻano lāʻau ʻehā ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule. Ma ka lā waena o ʻApelila, me ka mahana wela o ka la, haʻalele lākou i ka hiamoe. No lākou, ua lawa ka nui o ka mahana o ka lā + 8 °. Hele ʻohe e hānai i nā ʻoki, pōkole a me nā lau. Ua aneane loa lākou i nā ʻike o nā keiki. ʻIke ʻia nā pākeke ma mua o ka pua ʻana o nā kumulā.
ʻIkepili. Hiki i nā hua ʻai ke luku i nā pua hua āpau ma nā hua lāʻau o kahi hua pōkole.
ʻAumea
Luʻu hua - polyphage E hōʻino ai i nā cherries, i nā kumulāʻau, apricots, nā lau cherry, nā peaches, nā kakalaioa, nā plums, laurels, cherries, quinces a me nā almonds. He mau hōʻeha nā ʻōpoki a me nā pākeke, akā, ʻo ka ʻōpio makua ka hana ʻino.
ʻO nā wīwī o ka hua ʻōlehu hua e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pohō nui o ka hua. Hāʻawi ka hoʻomāinoino i ka pīpī, a me nā lau, a me nā hua, hiki ke nalowale nā nalowale i ka 100%.
ʻO ka paepae koʻikoʻi no ka mea, e hele mai ana ka hua puaʻa i ka 15% o nā palupalu e hoʻomāinoino ʻia i ka phenophase o ka cone ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻAno hānau
I ka hopena o Mei, hoʻomaka ka nui o nā pepeke. Hoʻolaha ka helu ʻana ma ka hope o ka pua o nā lāʻau hua. E kau i nā hua, ka wahine ʻoihana i kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi 2-3 mm i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻokahi ke keʻokeʻo, ka wai, ʻōpala ʻo 1 mm o loko. Pani ʻia ka lua me kahi pani o ka excrement. ʻO ia me lākou ka spora o ka huelo maʻi hopu i loko o ke kōpū. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua he nui i hoʻokahi hua ma nā wahi like ʻole. ʻAno ka wahine i kahi iʻa e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka ʻōpio a lilo i ka hāʻule mua.
ʻIkepili. I loko o hoʻokahi pahu nui, ua pāloi ka kuʻu wahine a i nā hua 30, e uhi ana iā lākou me ka ʻili o ka wīwī a me kona hoʻopā pono ʻana.
ʻO nā manawa hoʻolōʻihi o ka embryo e lawe ana i nā lā 6-8. Hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hua i hoʻokahi mahina. Mālima iki ka larva, ʻiʻo. me kahi kikoo ikaika. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka capule poʻo. ʻO Antennae i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻelua māhele, ka convex ikaika mua. ʻAʻohe manaʻo maʻalahi. Ke keʻokeʻo ke kino, keʻokeʻo ke poʻo. Ua hala nā wāwae ʻoki. Aia ka pūnāwai ma luna o nā ʻōpū sternites. Hiki i ka larva ke ʻai i ka hua pala wale nō, no laila ua make ka hapa o ka hua.
I ka hiki ʻana i ka wā hope loa, waiho ka larva i ke koena o ka ʻōpū a me ka lalo i lalo i ka lepo. Ma ka hohonu o 10-15 cm, e hoʻonohonoho iā ia i kahi lumi earthen a me nā haumana. Dolly ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, lōʻihi 6-7 mm. ʻIke ʻia nā palahalaha a me nā pākuhi. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, kū ʻia kahi kuokio ʻōpio. Haalele koke nā Beetles i ka lepo a piʻi i nā kumulāʻau hua. ʻAi lākou i nā lau, nā huaʻai, nā lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule. ʻO ka hoʻomaka wale nō o ka hau, e hūnā nei lākou i nā ʻili a ka ʻili a i ʻole iho ai i nā ʻōpala kokoke loa, kahi i kanu ai lākou iā lākou iho i nā lau a kanu i nā lepo.
ʻIkepili. Loaʻa ka ola olakino o ka hua kuʻe he 65-80 lā.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻanoʻano ka lohi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lōpeke. ʻAʻole nā haumana a pau lākou i ka makahiki mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka hua hua i ka moʻo honua. Loaʻa ka metamorphosis i ke kauwela o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hōʻike ʻia nā pale i ka makahiki hoʻokahi a he ʻelua mau makahiki. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo nā kiki i ka nui o ka mau diapause ma lalo o ke ʻano pōmaikaʻi: kūloko haʻahaʻa, hema ʻole o ka ua.
Wrestling
Nā hanana Agrotechnical. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka waiho ʻana i nā kīhāpai i nā wahi wai i hoʻolako ʻia, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manawa o ka lepo i loko o nā lāʻau i kākāʻā i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka wā, ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka wā o ka lau o ka kalima e hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka nui o ka nui o ka kuʻu pua i loko o kahi māla.
Nā ʻano hana. ^ E Ha yM. I ka papa o ka home, he mea pono ke lūlū i nā pīpī i kahi pālahalaha mua o ka pā o ka palu (tarpaulin, kiʻi) i hana ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā pepeke makua. ʻAʻole paʻa kēia hanana i ka manawa pōkole. Hōʻike ka pae o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kuokī e hoʻokō i ka hopena o ka lulu ʻana i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa.
Kālā ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Mamua o nā ʻōpio i ka wā mua i waiho ʻia ai nā kālahele o ka mauʻu a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe, i hana mua ʻia me nā ʻano insecticidal ʻano mua. Loaʻa nā mākeke i ka wā ulu. No ke kūleʻa i nā kuʻuna hua, kūpono ke ʻano o ke kaula o nā lem.
ʻO ke ʻano lāʻau. KA MEAka ninini ʻana i nā lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau hua ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka pau ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, mea hoʻohui organophosphorus no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. I ka ʻike koʻikoʻi o ka hua kuamo o nā hua o kēia makahiki, pono ia e hoʻokau hou i ka oho ʻana o ka hoʻōla ʻia o nā lei a me nā kumu lāʻau ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Ke ʻano lāʻau e hakakā ai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana me nā meaola manuʻai. Ke noi nei i nā manu insectivorous i ka māla. ʻO ka hopena o nā nematodes invertebrate ma nā helu goose ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei: mermetid, rhabditide a diplogasteride.
I waena o nā pepeke, nā palahele o nā koʻi hua manu a ka poʻe holo Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Caliptustes ʻO Grese a Lākahi Bracon Kamaʻilio, Ethereal - Pimpla calodata Crav.
ʻO ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ka nui o nā kahe i loko o ka māla e hoʻopili ʻia e ka pili o nā kolo (ʻohana Formicidae) a me nā wasps mai ka ʻohana Vespid (Vespidae).
I ka manawa e kākau ai i ka ʻatikala, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kumuwaiwai e like me:
Hui i ka Pest
ʻO ka hua kuihuna he kīʻaha e ulu i ka 4 mm mm o ka lōʻihi a peilei ia i nā ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōpala raspberry me kahi pua violet-greenish. ʻO nā pale, antennae, a me nā aniani ua hele i ka lōʻihi o ka 7-10 mm he melemele i ka ʻulaʻulaʻula, a me ko lākou mau kino āpau i uhi ʻia i nā lauohoʻeleʻele, ʻili nā lauoho. ʻO ka laulā o nā poʻo o ka hua i ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko lākou lōʻihi, a i like ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka pronotum. A no ka elytra, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi lōʻihi ma mua o ka laulā, a ʻo lākou nei nā lako pono i nā pūliki papau maʻamau.
ʻO ka nui o nā huaʻai o ka waiū-keʻokeʻo o ka soose aia i waena o 0.9 a 1.2 mm. ʻO nā hua lōlima ʻole e ulu ana, mai 7 a 9 mm mau lōʻihi, ua lōkihi a pena ʻia i nā kala melemele-keʻokeʻo. A ʻeleʻele mau nā poʻo o lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pupae, ke keʻokeʻo me ka tinge melemele, ʻo iaʻo 6-9 mm. Ua uhi ʻia lākou a pau me nā lauoho hala, a ʻo nā pau hope o ko lākou mau pūnaʻu ua paʻa me nā moʻo chitinous.
ʻO ka luʻu o nā huaʻai i ka lepo, a me nā mauʻa pōpoki - ma lalo o nā lau i hāʻule a me nā paʻu o ka ʻili. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā pua liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā he ʻeono a ʻewalu degere, kū mai nā haki i nā lei aliʻi a hoʻomaka i ka ʻai ʻana ma laila. A ʻo ko lākou puka ʻana mai nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka wā i hala ai ka lāʻau meli. Eono a ʻewalu mau lā ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka pua, a ua hoʻomaka ka hua kīkala a hoʻomaka e waiho i nā hua. I nā hua ovaries, nā wahine wahine e hakilima a hiki i 2 - 3 mm hohonu. Ma ka lalo o kēia mau lua i kau ʻia ma hope nā hua manu, uhi ʻia me ka hoʻopā a me nā bits. A ma kahi o nā keʻena hua manu, komo i loko o nā keʻena lua kahi komo wahine.Ma hope o ka kau ʻia ʻana o ka hua, ua weliweli ka wahine i nā ʻalā, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hāʻule o nā hua. Ua hiki i ka nui o ka nui o nā wahine i loaʻa i ʻelua mau hua he nui, a ʻo ka nui o ke ola o nā pōpoki maikaʻi ʻia mai ka kanaono a ʻewalu mau lā.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hua manu ma ke ʻano heese ʻōpio pinepine a kokoke i ka hapalua lua o Iune, a ma ka pae lāʻau-steppe - aneane ma ka hopena o Iulai. I nā lā ʻewalu a ʻeiwa mau lā, kuhi ʻia nā ʻōpihi mākeke e hānai i ka pulpū hua hua i hua ʻia mai nā hua. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka nā huaʻai e pala, a laila, make koke ka hua puaa, a ma kēlā mau wahi i waiho ai i nā hua, kūpono ʻole ka huaʻō o ka cork.
ʻAi momona nā iwakāluakūmālima a i kanakolukumamāono lā. Ma hope o kēia manawa, haʻalele lākou i ka hua a neʻe i ka hohonu o ka ʻumikūmāwalu ʻumikūmākahi i ka lepo, ma kahi o lākou e hana ai. I ka manawa like, ma kahi o 50% o nā poʻe e hoʻomohala nei i nā hua o nā hua lāʻau ʻōpio popo, a ma luna o 80% i nā hua plum.
Ma ke aniani ʻumikūmāwalu a me ka ʻumikumamāwalu mau lā ma hope o ka papaha, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke ʻano o nā pōpoki. Hele i ka papa, ʻai lākou i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, nā hua a me nā ʻōpala a hiki i ke kau o ka ʻālaʻi. A hiki koke mai ke anuanu, hele a maʻalea nā palupalu ma nā wahi hoʻoilo. Hōʻalo ka ʻōpiopio o ka lau i loko o ka ʻāina i ka diapause, a ua ʻike lākou i ka Iulai i ka makahiki ʻAukake paha i ka makahiki aʻe.
Pehea e hakakā ai
Ke hōʻemi nei i nā hua, pono ke hoʻāʻo e hōʻiliʻili a luku ʻole. I ka hopena o ke kau lohi, ma hope o ka hāʻule o nā lau, e like me ka wā o ka hoʻōla pinepine ʻana, hoʻomālaʻi ke kōā i ka kanu ʻana o ka lepo.
Inā hoʻomaka e ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau pūhaka i hāʻule i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau hua, hoʻomaka lākou e mālama me ka iniseti insecticides. Hāʻawi kēia mau hanana i ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma ke kahua o ka noho kaʻawale ʻana.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka pahele - i ka manawa mua, ua hana ʻia nā hāmeʻa lawaiʻa i hana ʻia i ka mauʻu a i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia me ka iniseti e waiho kokoke i nā lāʻau lāʻau. Pēlā e hana ai kēlā mau paile i ka manawa e ulu ana.
ʻO keʻano
Pūnaewele E hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻōpala, plum, apricot, emi pinepine - pear, cherry, cherry sweet, peach. Hoʻalahalaha ʻia loa, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa i nā kuahiwi a me nā ʻanuʻu ʻanuʻu.
Kuhi 4-6 mm lōʻihi. ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i uhi ʻia me ka pulu ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā lauoho ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ka rostrum he cylindrical, heʻili, nani a pāpaʻi nui i kona waenakonu. ʻO ka rostrum, antennae a me nā wāwae he leiʻeleʻele. Ua hoʻohaʻalaha ʻia ka elytra ma hope o ka scutellum, me nā ʻāpana punctate shallow maʻamau.
ʻElua mau pīpī a me nā hua pua i loaʻa ai nā pōkoki: nā mau pīpī ma lalo o ke kumulāʻau lau, i loko o nā ʻili o ka ʻili, a me nā hua ʻōiwi ma luna o ka papa kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka lei o nā kumulāʻau. I ka pūnāwai, waiho nā pua i ko lākou wahi hoʻoilo i ka mahana o kēlā me kēia lā o 8 ° C a hōʻiliʻili i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO ka ʻili mua lākou i nā ʻōpala, ma hope nā mea e hōʻino ʻia nā pua, nā pua, nā lau a me nā hua.
Beetles mate ma ka hopena o ka pua o nā hua pome. ʻAʻole liuliu, ua waiho nā wahine i kā lākou hua i ka pala o ka hua.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua ʻaʻo ka gnothotor wahine i kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi 2-3 mm hohonu i loko o ka pulp, e waiho i kahi hua i loko ona a pani i ka lua me ka excrement a me kahi mea hoʻopono huna ʻia. Hiki ke waiho ʻia i nā hua he nui i hoʻokahi hua. I ka huina holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā hua 200 i ka puna.
Me ka hoʻōla, lawe nā ʻōpala i nā hōʻeha o nā hua a me nā hua o ka hua o ka pala, i hōʻino ʻia ai ka pulpula. Ke hoʻopili nei i nā hua e hiki mai ana, weluwelu nā wahine i ka ʻōpala, hāʻule mau nā hua i ka wā mua.
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 6-10. He melemele ke keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo me kahi poʻo keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele, i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā hua no hoʻokahi mahina, e ʻai ana i ka ʻiʻo pala, a laila hele i ka lepo no ka pupation.
Manaina ma ka hapalua ʻelua o Iune - Iulai. Pili ka papa haumāna 10-20 lā. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki, hapa nui o lākou e hele mai i ka ʻōpū a ʻai ikaika me ka ʻānai i nā pua pua. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ea, e hūnā lākou i nā wahi hoʻoilo.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōpilikia, hāʻule ka hapa o ka palaki i ka diapause. E hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻia, a hana lākou i nā makahiki hou wale nō. No laila ka hanauna hoʻokahi i ka hanauna he 1-2 mau makahiki.
Kāohi pale, pale
I nā wahi pilikino ʻole nā nui o nā kumulāʻau hua, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā weevils e nā ʻenehana:
• i ka wā lōkulu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā o ka ʻōpala kahiko a hoʻopili i ka ʻōpala, keʻokeʻo me ka puna lime, a hōʻiliʻili a hoʻopau i nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe,
• kū i ka lau a me nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu, kau iā lākou i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu (pū) a puhi paha iā lākou,
• eli i ka lepo ma lalo o nā pāpale o nā kumulāʻau, kahi a ka hapa o nā mea ʻelee i hūnā ai no ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā hānau mua, i ka wā o ka huehue ʻana i kahi mahele nui, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā pua i ka wā e ʻoki ana iā lākou i ka lāʻau i ka līpī a hōʻiliʻili iā lākou. Inā hiki, lūlū i nā manawa he nui.
I ka hana (ʻoihana) nā māla, kahi e hana ʻole ʻole ai nā ʻano lāʻau, hiki ke pale ʻia ka pohō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu.
E hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o nā hānai manuʻai, e pale ai i ka waiho ʻana i ka hua manuʻai e hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā insecticides i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻūhā o nā keiki (ma ka "cone green". E kue ana i nā pīpī o nā weevil cherry, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pīpī ma hope o ka pua ʻana.
I loko o kahi kīhāpai pilikino, nā ʻōpala me nā kōpeka brown, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ke ʻano o nā hua pua o ka ʻōpala pua, a luku ʻia. ʻAʻole kēia e mālama i ka hōʻiliʻili o kēia makahiki, akā e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā pīpī i ka makahiki aʻe. Pono e lawe ʻia kēia hana ʻoiai ke kāwele i nā pōpoki, e pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea ʻoi aku nā mea pākeke i loko o lākou. ʻO nā kumukūʻai o nā palule e hoʻohemo ʻālika a me nā bukars me ka hōʻiliʻili pinepine a me ka luku ʻana i nā lau hāʻule a me nā hua.
Pehea e lanakila ai kekahi kuolo
ʻOhi - ka huehue weevil, he mea pīpī o nā hua hua. No nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua ʻike ʻo ia nā loea e nā kiʻi kiʻi wale nō. Akā i ka manawa, kau ka pahuhopu i loko o kā mākou māla i ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana, me ka hōʻeha nui i luna o lākou.
Ke noi nei au iā ʻoe ʻaʻole e kahaha i ka wīwī weevil i kapa ʻia he inoa "wahine". ʻO ka mea maoli ma ka ʻeneke - nā pīpī ka nui o ke poʻo match, me kahi ʻōpala raspberry akamai o ke kino holoʻokoʻa - ua liʻiliʻi iki nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ʻaeʻaneʻane "hana" maikaʻi loa: ʻai wale lākou i kaʻai ʻana i hoʻokahi hua, a ua lawa kēlā no kēia lā. ʻAe, ke hoʻomalu pinepine nei ka ʻeha ma ka pūpū me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ke kūlohelohe.
He ʻano kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i nā wahine. ʻAi ke kī ʻana i ka ʻiʻo palupalu o ka ʻōpio i hala mua ʻia a “hoʻopiʻi ʻia” me ka hua kīnā manu, ka wahine, me kāna "ihu" lōʻihi, ʻāwīwī ʻia i kekahi ʻōpala maikaʻi a lūlū i kahi hua ma loko. Akā, eia naʻe ka hapalua o ke kaua! Piʻi ka wahine i ka ʻōpū āpau āpau no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hua manu me kāna hoʻopā ʻana. ʻO kēia kahi hana hoʻopunipuni "i hoʻolālā ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻōpio a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea mālama lāʻau. E hoʻomanaʻo, he aha ka mea a ka wahine i ʻaʻahu ai i mua o kāna "hana paʻakikī"? No laila, ua ʻānai ʻia kēia mau hua āpau o ka hua i loko o ka digestive tract o ke kuʻuna, akā e hoʻomāhuahua wale ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka wahine "hōʻeha" i ka poho ola o ka ʻōpū me ka hoʻopili palupalu, kahi e hoʻoiho koke ai i kona pala. Hāʻawi ʻia mai kahi hua, ka ʻai ʻo ka larva ʻaʻole i ka pulp o nā hua hou, akā ma ka mea palau wale nō.
Palapala lākou ma mua o nā wahine, ʻoiai, ma hope o nā hopohopo a pau e pili ana i ka hua ʻai e hiki mai ana, ʻoki lākou i ka ʻala a no laila ua hāʻule ka hua i loko o ka lepo a laila ulu malū maila nā larva i loko o kahi hua pala. Mei paha ia ma mua. Akā ʻo kēia manawa ʻaʻole ka manawa a ka wahine i ka manawa a me ka ikaika o kēia manawa, no ka mea, ua ʻike maoli paha ʻoe me ka ʻole o kēia mau koho i ka wā o ka hua ʻōpala ʻoi koke ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau.
Kūleʻa ka ʻōpala i nā hua palaʻai i ka ʻāina no ka pupation, akā ma mua o ke hopena o ke kauwela ua mālama lākou e huli i nā pepeke makua a e hōʻino i nā hua ʻōpiopio, nā hua a me nā pua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia hanauna i waena o ka nui o nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe. Nā poʻe hānai a me nā poʻe i ʻole i hoʻokele ʻole e puka i ka hoʻoilo ʻōlohelohe o ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻāina. A ma ka lā semi ua loaʻa lākou a pau i loko o kahi "hana."
Me ka "ʻano" o ka goose, maopopo nā mea a pau. A pehea e launa ai?
Inā ʻaʻole maopopo loa ka māla hale i ka mālo ʻana o ke kaiāulu, a laila pili me ka kokoke o kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻana - no ka laʻana, ʻo Aktara, ka mea i hoʻopiha ʻia i nā ʻāpana o nā kāwili a pau - ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka māla, pau ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pepeke o nā pākeke a me nā hua pā i ka hua, akā i ka manawa like. e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka māla mai nā wahi papa i hoʻopōʻino i ka manawa like.
Inā hopohopo ka mālaʻai i ka kaiapuni, a laila ma kēia hihia, ʻo ka lālani 2-3-tikī me ka manawa o ka pule ma mua o ka hua o ka huaola Fitoverm e pono ai. A inā he kumu liʻiliʻi nā lāʻau, a laila ʻaʻole kūpono ka "pana i nā nalu ma nā pūnaka" no ka ulu ʻana o 1-2 mau lāʻau ma kahi lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa me kahi kī maikaʻi kūloko. I kēia hihia, pono e mālama pono i ka mea hāʻawi i ka wahine me ka ʻoluʻolu i hāʻawi i kāna "wahi" o ka hana i nā hua e hoʻomaka ai e pala, nā ʻōpala a kona mea palaualelo e ʻai. ʻO ka pinepine ma laila, ma luna, ma kahi o nā hua i hoʻomau ai, aia kekahi pua. Akā, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo e mea maʻalahi ia i pio! Me ke neʻeneʻe iki me ka neʻe i kāna alahele, hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae wāwae a hāʻule i ka ʻāina me kahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, kahi aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻole i kona lapuwale, no ka mea ma hope o kekahi mau minuke ua hoʻi hou ʻo ia i kahi o kahi āna i pae ai.
No laila, i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka manaʻo no ka hoʻopiʻi i nā hua a pau, e kau mua ma mua o kou palma ma lalo o ka hua me kahi kuʻuna, a laila e hana i kahi kuʻuna i kāna ʻōlelo e nānā ʻia ana - a "ʻano pāʻani" ma kou mau pā. A e hoʻolōʻihi i kahi kiʻi keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka kumulāʻau, e lulu paʻa a pani paha me nā kihi nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO Zese i loko o kahi mau kekona ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻĀnō, pono e hoʻopili mau i nā huaʻai me nā hua ʻōiwi i loko, a loaʻa mau iā ʻoe ka manawa e hana ai i kēia hāʻule.
ʻO ka nui o nā huaʻai o ka waiū-keʻokeʻo o ka soose aia i waena o 0.9 a 1.2 mm. ʻO nā hua lōlima ʻole e ulu ana, mai 7 a 9 mm mau lōʻihi, ua lōkihi a pena ʻia i nā kala melemele-keʻokeʻo. A ʻeleʻele mau nā poʻo o lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pupae, ke keʻokeʻo me ka tinge melemele, ʻo iaʻo 6-9 mm. Ua uhi ʻia lākou a pau me nā lauoho hala, a ʻo nā pau hope o ko lākou mau pūnaʻu ua paʻa me nā moʻo chitinous.
ʻO ka luʻu o nā huaʻai i ka lepo, a me nā mauʻa pōpoki - ma lalo o nā lau i hāʻule a me nā paʻu o ka ʻili. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā pua liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā he ʻeono a ʻewalu degere, kū mai nā haki i nā lei aliʻi a hoʻomaka i ka ʻai ʻana ma laila. A ʻo ko lākou puka ʻana mai nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka wā i hala ai ka lāʻau meli. Eono a ʻewalu mau lā ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka pua, a ua hoʻomaka ka hua kīkala a hoʻomaka e waiho i nā hua. I nā hua ovaries, nā wahine wahine e hakilima a hiki i 2 - 3 mm hohonu. Ma ka lalo o kēia mau lua i kau ʻia ma hope nā hua manu, uhi ʻia me ka hoʻopā a me nā bits. A ma kahi o nā keʻena hua manu, komo i loko o nā keʻena lua kahi komo wahine. Ma hope o ka kau ʻia ʻana o ka hua, ua weliweli ka wahine i nā ʻalā, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hāʻule o nā hua. Ua hiki i ka nui o ka nui o nā wahine i loaʻa i ʻelua mau hua he nui, a ʻo ka nui o ke ola o nā pōpoki maikaʻi ʻia mai ka kanaono a ʻewalu mau lā.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hua manu ma ke ʻano heese ʻōpio pinepine a kokoke i ka hapalua lua o Iune, a ma ka pae lāʻau-steppe - aneane ma ka hopena o Iulai. I nā lā ʻewalu a ʻeiwa mau lā, kuhi ʻia nā ʻōpihi mākeke e hānai i ka pulpū hua hua i hua ʻia mai nā hua. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka nā huaʻai e pala, a laila, make koke ka hua puaa, a ma kēlā mau wahi i waiho ai i nā hua, kūpono ʻole ka huaʻō o ka cork.
ʻAi momona nā iwakāluakūmālima a i kanakolukumamāono lā. Ma hope o kēia manawa, haʻalele lākou i ka hua a neʻe i ka hohonu o ka ʻumikūmāwalu ʻumikūmākahi i ka lepo, ma kahi o lākou e hana ai. I ka manawa like, ma kahi o 50% o nā poʻe e hoʻomohala nei i nā hua o nā hua lāʻau ʻōpio popo, a ma luna o 80% i nā hua plum.
Nā hana Agrotechnical
ʻAno ʻia kēia mau hana ʻana no ka luku ʻana i nā pōpoki.
- ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo i nā pōkoki kokoke.
- Kohi ʻana a me ke puhi ʻana o nā lau hāʻule a me ka kalima.
- Kūleʻa ʻōpala i nā wahi kokoke i nā kumulāʻau a me nā lākō hua.
- ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala mai ka lāʻau make, whitewashing me kahi lime hopena.
- ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā huahele mai nā lau lau a hāʻule paha lau i mālama ʻia me nā insecticides.
Nā ʻano hana
Ma nā māla ma nā kīwaha o nā hale, e hoʻomoʻi ʻia nā pōpilikia e nā ʻano uila.
- Ke ʻoki nei i nā pākeke. Ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, ke pālahalaha ʻia kahi canvas (tarpaulin, synthetic film) a i ʻole e kau ʻia nā pale. No ke kuli i nā mea make, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pou i uhi ʻia me ka burlap. ʻO ka lole i pale i ka hōʻino i ka ʻili. Ua paʻi lākou i nā lālā me ʻeono, hāʻule nā pepeke ma luna o ka litter. ʻO nā pōpoki o nā pōʻai i luku ʻia e ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi pā o ka wai. Hoʻomaka ka hana ma ke kakahiaka, ʻoiai nā pīhoihoi ʻaʻole ikaika. Ma ke anuʻa o luna + 10 ° ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule, akā lele kaawale. Ma mua o ka pua ʻana o nā kumulāʻau, ua kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻokō i nā kaʻina 5-6 i kēlā me kēia pule. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke i loko o nā lāʻau lāʻau meli wale nō, akā ma nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe.
- I ke kahikiliki mua, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kāʻei hopu ma ka piko o ka lāʻau. ʻO ia ka manawa a kaʻi ʻana o nā mauʻa ma hope o ka hibernation e holo ai i nā maʻi o ka hānai. ʻO ke kumu o ke kāʻei e hana i ke kāleka a burlap paha. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi pale maloʻo kahi hoʻohana ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua, ua huki ʻia nā kāʻei a me ka puhi. ʻO ka minus o ke ʻano ka mea manuahi maikaʻi e hiki ke pipi.
Nāiila
Me kahi pōʻino nui i ka māla, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hua goose ke hana me ka ʻole ʻana i ka lāʻau. Inā loaʻa nā maʻa 8 mau mea i loaʻa i nā mea kanu, pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā lei o ka ʻōhā, ka pā, ka plum, cherry a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i ʻoki ʻia me ka insecticides: pyrethroids, pūpū organophosphorus. I waena o nā lāʻau e noi ʻia ana ʻo "Fufanon", "Iskra-M", "Intra-Ts-M", "Fitoverm". Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka pau ʻana. Me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi i ka māla, hoʻoulu ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lālā a me kahi kahi i ka hāʻule.
Biology
ʻAi nā ʻōpio i nā ʻuʻoki, nā lau, a me ka ovary, gnawing ʻo ka fossae pōkole i ka hope. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua i loko o nā hua i hiki i ka nui o kahi hazelnut. ʻO nā hua ʻōlala, ʻōmole keʻokeʻo, me kahi anellowness e maopopo ʻole ana, 0.9-1.2 mm lōʻihi, 0.6-0.8 mm ākea. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i kahi keʻena hohonu ma kahi o 2-3 mm i ka pūpū, e waiho i ka hua hoʻokahi ma ka lalo a ʻae i ka ʻōpū, mai ia ʻū a hāʻule i lalo. Hoʻoulu ka ulu hua hua 6-9 mau lā. Hoʻokumu ka larva i kahi hua pala. Pau a pau ka hānai ʻana, komo nui ia i loko o ka lepo, kahi i kūkulu ai i kahi kaila a me nā haumana. Ke noho mau nei kekahi o nā ʻōhua a hiki i ke kauwela o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā Beetles e puka mai mai nā palā i loaʻa i ka wā o ka ʻohi. Hōʻike lākou ma nā lāʻau a hānai i nā pua i kekahi manawa, a laila huna no ka hoʻoilo i loko o nā kalalā o nā ʻili a ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule paha.
