ʻO ka panak aliʻi, ʻo Panaque nigrolineatus ka inoa ʻepekema, no ka ʻohana Loricariidae (Chain a iʻa akomi Loricaria paha). ʻO ka iʻa koʻikoʻi a me ka iʻa nani me ka mea paʻakikī. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona a pau, a laila ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ka mea maʻi no ka mea hoʻomaka mua.
ʻO keʻano
Hiki i nā pākeke ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a hiki i 43 cm. I ka makahiki mua a me ka hapa, ulu wikiwiki lākou, hiki i ka 20 a i ʻole mau keneta. A laila e haʻahaʻa ana ka ulu a loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o lākou ka nui e 7-10 mau makahiki.
He mau pili pili ia me ka Plekostomus, he ʻano like me lākou. I uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me nā papa iwi, paʻakikī ka integument me nā pupu he nui. ʻO nā hihi mua o nā fins he mau pupu. ʻO ke ʻano kino o ke kino pili i ke kala ʻana i ka brown a me kaʻaila māmā a i nā ʻula hoʻi keʻokeʻo. ʻUlaʻula nā maka.
ʻO ka waha kahi kīʻaha waiū e hoʻopili ai ka iʻa o ke kōpana mai ka papale o nā ʻōpū, nā huaʻai, nā lau a me nā kahi o nā mea kanu.
Mea ʻai
Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea ʻano manu ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo loa i ka hapanui o ka nui o ka lau ʻana o ka lau ʻana (flakes, granules). Hoʻomaʻama pinepine pinepine i nā meaʻai kele i koe mai nā mea i loko o ke kai aku. ʻO ka mea nui i loko o ka papa meaʻai nā mea kanu lāʻau. Hiki paha i kēia i nā meaʻai kūikawā a i ʻole lettu, spinach, zucchini a me nā mea kanu ʻala. Ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou me ka wai kohua a i ʻole hoʻokolohua mua ʻia iā lākou e hoʻomalupalu nā māla kanu.
ʻO ka kaona māla maikaʻi loa o ka mea aku no nā ʻīneke makua hoʻokahi e hoʻomaka ana ma ka 200 lita. I ka hoʻolālā, pono e hāʻawi i nā wahi no nā pā no nā mea kanu kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonani. ʻO kahi kolo, no ka laʻana, kahi ana, ka grotto, pono ke hele a me ka nui o kahi nui. ʻO ka pilikia maʻamau e pili ana i ka iʻa.
Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā mea ola ola. Kahi ʻia nā ʻano mea i kuhi ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻano mea e ulu wikiwiki me ka ʻōnaʻo ikaika.
He mau mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha ka panaki aliʻi. Nā ala e noho ai i kahi laulā ākea a me nā waiwai o nā kuhikuhi hydrochemical.
Ua hana ʻoi aku ka mālama ʻana i ka wai mālama i ka hebedoma me kahi wai o ka wai me ka wai o ka wai me ka wai o ka wai o ka wai.
ʻAno e hoʻokū
I ke kūlohelohe, noho pinepine lākou i nā pūʻulu nui i nā hipa o nā kaukani a he mau haneli paha o nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, pono e kūʻai ʻia nā iʻa hoʻokahi i ka hale mālama hale. He ʻano ʻāina ʻē ko panak kīwaha, he huhū ia i kekahi iʻa o lalo, e komo pū ai me nā hoahānau. Huli wale ke ʻano o ke ʻano inā mālama ʻia kahi pūʻulu nui.
E malu paha nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma ka pahu wai a i ʻole ma ka papahele. E noho mau nō nā tetras liʻiliʻi me ka ʻole o ka nānā ʻana o kēia loko. Mahalo i kā lākou mea kaua, hiki iā lākou ke hele pū me kekahi poʻe predator o kahi nui hoʻohālikelike.
Nā maʻi ʻona
I kahi kaiaulu maikaʻi a me kaʻai ʻana i kaʻai, ua ʻemi loa ka nui o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kū nei me kahi hōʻailona o nā pilikia i ka ʻike, no laila ʻo ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohuihui o ka wai i ʻike mau ʻia. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana, e ʻike i ka maʻa ʻo Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Wikiō Panak
Ma ka huina o ka huaʻōlelo Panaque i kēia manawa he 14 mau loko o ka iʻa, ka nui o nā ʻāpana he 28 a 60 cm. ʻO kēia mau iʻa ua pālahalaha ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema: Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil. Noho lākou i nā ʻāpana kolo o ka muliwai ʻo Amazon, Orinoco, Santiago, Pastaz, Ukayali, Monon, Napo, Maranon, Apure, Oyapok, Sacramento, Caroni, Yapuro a me nā Magdalena. ʻO ka inoa "panak" ma ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe lāhui kanaka o Venezuela, ʻo ia ka "iʻa". Noho ʻo Panaki i nā kahawai pāpō a me ka hohonu me ka wikiwiki a hoʻolōʻihi, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka ʻōpala, nā wai aniani a me ka ʻūhā, ma ka papakū, ka ʻōpala, ka silika a me ka pālolo lepo, ma nā mea kanu loloa a he nui paha, me ka ʻole. Akā aia hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohui i kēia mau biotopes āpau - ka hiki ʻana o kahi nui o nā lāʻau sunken. Aia ma loko o ka muliwai ʻAmelika Hema kahi aia nā wahi lepo mai ka lāʻau ulu lāʻau no nā kilomita he nui - a he kikoʻane loa kēia ma ka lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau i panak e noho nei. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ke kumu o kā lākou ʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻai panaki i nā algae, duckweed a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o Panakov ka helehelena kikoʻī o nā niho - ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou waihona ma mua o ka maka. ʻO ia, aia kahi hoʻonui mai nā pulu a hiki i ke kaʻe o ka niho, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he "pūpū like" (ma ke ʻano o kahi puna. ʻO ka lua a ʻoi paha ka hiʻohiʻona ʻike nui o nā panak i ka ʻano maʻalahi o ka ʻūhā, hoʻomanaʻo i ke kaʻa mua o kahi kaʻa holo wikiwiki, a me ka pae o ke poʻo i ke kino (noho ka poʻo i kahi hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa). ʻAʻohe mea liʻiliʻi loa ka mana o nā panaks. No ka mea hānai lākou i ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka ʻono a me nā loiloi hoʻopili. Ma kēia ʻike, ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi ʻonanea kūpono, akā ʻike ʻia ka kokoke loa o nā ihu, ʻo ka ʻimi nui ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i nā kuleana o nā mea noiʻi, akā ke hoʻolauna nei i ka ʻona o kāna mau ʻāpana ponoʻī (hiki iā ia ke kolo i kahi a i ʻole ia). ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā panaks nā ʻāpana o kā lākou dorsal - aia mau ka 8 o kēia mau hihi, a ua ulu ikaika lākou i ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau iʻa (me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpū) i uhi ʻia me nā papa lāʻau ʻāʻī e hana i kahi mea like me ka pale kaua imperfy. Mālama kēia ʻōnaehana iā lākou mai nā mea e kahakaha ana, akā hana iā lākou āpau a wikiwiki a lohi. Panaki - nā māla lele hiki ʻole i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka manawa ikaika. Eia naʻe, eia lākou i ʻike i kahi ala maoli: no ka lawe ʻole ʻia aku lākou e ka neʻe, ua hoʻopili ka iʻa iā lākou iho i nā pōhaku a me nā heihele o nā lāʻau e ulu ana mai loko mai o ka wai me ke kōkua o nā kīʻī ikaika e waiho ana i ka ʻōpū o ka waha. Me kā lākou waha hāwele ākea, kahi lāʻau panaki i ka ʻōpala a i ʻole lālā o ka lāʻau iʻa a ʻalā i loko o ka lāʻau i hoʻomalulu ʻia me kā lākou mau niho-pika. ʻO nā mea kanu e noho nei i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā meaʻai paʻakikī.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala o nā panaks a nani loa. ʻOkoʻa ka waiho ʻana i ko lākou kino kino ma ka ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele i ka ʻeleʻele me nā kaula ākea mai ka melemele a ke keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa i nā mea hou aku i nā kaula.
I ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau iʻa i loko o nā ʻuna, ʻaʻole pono e poina e pono me lākou ka driftwood. ʻO nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau huaola (nā ʻōpala, nā hua lāʻau, nā lehelehe mauna, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e kūpono no kēia. Mai nā lapalapa he nui ka nui o ka lepo i loko o ke ʻano o nā "ʻoka," no laila ke ʻoki ʻia nei i nā lā 1-3. ʻAʻole ʻike ka iʻa i ka pōloli mau, pono ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka hale aku. E kōkua nā lau ʻai iā ʻoe me kēia - kukama, zucchini, paukena, nā ʻuala maka. I ke ala, no nā poʻe nui, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoponopono kūikawā i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu i ka pae. Loaʻa ka iʻa e loaʻa ka meaʻai mai ka honua a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia i lalo me nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka iʻa ke paʻi i ka pōʻai o ke kumala a i ʻole zucchini me kona ʻōpū i ke aniani a kikoo lohi i ka lalo me ia, kahi e ʻai ai iā ia.
Hōʻike ʻia nā panaks i nā ʻōpio i kahi leʻaleʻa, akā me ka wā o lākou i lilo ai lākou i teritorial. ʻO nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i mua o ka nui o nā pā hale e komo pū kekahi me nā kānaka o kā lākou ʻano, tetra a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ke lilo i poʻe ʻē aʻe. Pono e koho pono ʻia nā wahi noho maikaʻi - hiki i nā iʻa ikaika a me ke ʻano ikaika ke ʻai i kā lākou pā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Pono e kūʻai ʻia ka aquarium i ka helu o 200 lita no hoʻokahi. ʻO ka iʻa iʻa ʻo Royal Panak a hoʻopili i nā kūlana like ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano o ka aquarium he maʻa. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā hale he nui ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻehā o nā pōhaku, grottoes, potile pālio - he mea nui i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pākana me nā panak aliʻi. A eia nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka driftwood me ka lāʻau ʻalohi (no ka laʻana, ka ʻōpala, ka plum, ka lehu mauna) i mea e hoʻonaninani ai i ka meaʻai ʻē aʻe e makemake ai i nā pilikia me nā ʻāpana. Pono ke kauwā e piʻi i nā pā, i ka hakahaka ma waena o nā pōhaku, no laila he kūpono ke hana ʻana i nā hale a me nā ʻono o nā nui e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke puka mai ma luna o kā lākou. A i ʻole, e make paha ka panak unsubstituted i ka manawa. Palena wai wai kala, a me ka filtration a aation.
Pehea e hānai ai i nā panaks
ʻAʻole pono ka kūʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kūikawā no Panak, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he omnivorous. Noho maikaʻi lākou, koho lākou i ka ʻai no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a koho pū ʻia hoʻi i ka iʻa ʻē aʻe. E like me nā mea ʻoki a pau a hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka aniani a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana aku o ka aquarium i ka fouling, ʻaʻole naʻe e hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo me ka mālama pono lākou. Eia kekahi, pono e hāʻawi i nā panakas kekahi mau mea kanu, e like me ka lito scalded, nettle, a i ʻole ʻōmole (e ʻoki pololei i ka liʻu) a i ʻole zucchini. Inā ʻaʻohe mea ʻalaala ma ka lima, e kūʻai aku i ka meaʻai e pili ana i ka spirulina, a i ʻole Spululina wale nō - ʻike ʻia kekahi.
Nā ʻĀina
E hoʻohui me ka nui o ka iʻa i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai waena a i luna o ka wai. Hiki iā ia ke mālama me nā cichlids, no ka mea ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻonāukiuki i kēia loko iʻa. A no ka mea ua kūpono ka panak i nā ʻano like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia e like me kāu e ʻike nei, e noho ana ma kahi wai o 30-33 ° C.
Nā kūlana panaka
ʻO ka nui o kahi pākeke ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio ka mea 25-25 cm, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi 40 cm, akā loaʻa pinepine. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolimalima iā ia me kekahi iʻa, no ka mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka panaka - uhi ʻia ke kino o ka loko i nā papa iwi paʻakikī. A loaʻa ka loaʻa i ka kāne ʻokiʻoki ma nā ʻāpana pectoral. ʻOi aku ke kino o ke kino o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka nui o ka waiakona e loaʻa ai kēlā mau iʻa nunui he nui loa ma ka lulu 150, inā he pākia maʻamau, a laila ʻoi aku ka nui (ʻoi ka nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka iʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi ka mālama). ʻO ka wela o ka wai ma ka awelika 24-30 ℃, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka 16 °, pH ma kahi o 7. E hōʻike ana keʻike, hiki i ka panaki ke noho i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, no ka laʻana, me ka discus (a ʻo kēia 30-33 ° C). Nā kānana hoʻoulu, aer a me kahi loli o kēlā me kēia pule i hoʻokahi hapa o ka nui o ka wai o ka wai aku.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana ola maikaʻi, hiki i ka panak nonoke ke-10 ke ola i nā makahiki 10 mau makahiki.