ʻOihē Wili Nui * Nā Pākuʻi

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He holoholona kahi pōpō o ka ʻohana canine. Ke kūlohelohe nei, nui ka nui o nā anoʻa o nā ʻalopeke. Akā pololei nui ʻōpiopio ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano kūikawā a loaʻa ʻole hoʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona no ka mea ua lōʻihi nā ʻelele, nā pepeiao elongated e lōʻihi ana a hiki i 15 centimeter.

ʻO ka inoa o kēia ʻano ʻatikala ma ka unuhi ʻana mai ka ʻōlelo Helene iā Lūkia ʻo "ka ʻīlio nui. Ma nā'āina he nui o ʻAmelika, ua manaʻo ʻia ka holoholona he mea e hoʻoneʻe a me ka hoʻoweliweli i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ma kekahi mau wahi i ulu ʻia ʻo ia me he holoholona lā.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Kuhi: kahi nunui nui

ʻO ka ʻalopō ka nui o nā ʻōpū nunui i mālama ʻia i nā mammals, he ʻelele o ke kauoha o nā ʻalā, nā ʻohana canine, ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ia ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka hua manu.

ʻO nā alopeke nui i hoʻopiha ʻia, e like me nā hui ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana canine, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai Miacid ma hope o Paleocene ma kahi o ke kanalima miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei. Ma hope aku, ua māhelehele ʻia ka ʻohana canine i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻo ke kuʻina a me nā puaʻa like ʻole. ʻO Prosperosion ke kūpuna kahiko o ka poʻe i loaʻa ka pepeiao, a me kekahi ʻalopeke ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia kona mau koena ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke komohana hema o Texas.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: Sopaka holoholona

I ka hiʻohiʻona, he mea nui me nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio raccoon. ʻO ka ʻalopihi he kiko palupalu a pōkole a pōkole. ʻEhima mau wāwae ʻākau, ʻehā ʻehā mau manamana lima. Ma nā forelimb ka lōʻihi, nā kuku wīwī, hiki i ke ʻelua a me ka hapa kenimika ka lōʻihi. Hana lākou i ka hana o kahi mea eli.

ʻO ka palu o ka holoholona, liʻiliʻi, kuhikuhi, elongated. He poepoe, hōʻike kīnā ʻeleʻele ka maka o ka muzzle. He ʻano ʻoniʻulaʻula ʻia nā mea ʻeleʻele, kokoke i ka hulu ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pepeiao pepeiao like a me nā umauma. ʻO nā pepeiao ka nui, he ʻano like ʻole, ka liʻiliʻi o nā kihi. Inā hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻalopeke iā lākou, e uhi maʻalahi i ka poʻo o ka holoholona. Eia kekahi, aia i loko o nā pepeiao i ka nui o nā kīʻaha koko, e mālama ana i ka fox mai ka overheating i nā kūlana o ka wela wela a me ka wela o Aferika.

ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpio nui i ka pepeiao nui e nā iwi ikaika, ikaika a i ʻole nā niho nui. Loaʻa iā ia nā niho he 48, ʻo 4 niho radical a me nā niho molar. Heʻuʻuku nā niho, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia ʻano hana o ka ʻīlio hiki i ka holoholona ke hānai i ka meaʻai i loko koke a i nā nui.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kekahi pākeke ke hele aku i ka hapalua mika. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā lau maloʻo ma kahi o kanaha kenimita. Hoʻololi ka paona kino ma waena o 4-7 kilograms. Hoʻololi ʻia ka moʻomeheu seksual. He iwi lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻano manuahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi e like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a he 30-40 kenimika. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka huelo i hana pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano o ka lika manuahi fluffy.

ʻAʻole like i ka kala o nā holoholona, me ka like o ka hapa nui o ka ʻalopeke. He lei melemele-brownish, loaʻa ia paha ke kala kala-kala. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae a ʻeleʻele paha, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū e māmā me ka keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻalopeke nui?

Kuhi: Ke kīwaha o nā ʻuliha ʻAmelika i nunui

Noho nui nā ʻaliha nui i loko o nā ʻāina wela me ke anuanu i waena o ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho lākou i ka ʻāina savannas, nā ʻāpana ʻāina, kahi ma ke kula kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā mākeke kiʻekiʻe, mauʻu, mau nahele ulu. Pono lākou e hiki i nā holoholona ke hūnā mai ka lā wela a me ka wela, a me ka huna pū ʻana mai i nā kaʻa a me nā ʻenemi.

ʻO ka hohola o ka fox mua:

I ka noho ʻana o kahi fox pepeiao nui, ʻaʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu ma mua o 25-30 sentimeter. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou, ke loaʻa a nui ka meaʻai a me nā mea inikua mai ka lepo. Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā meaʻai ma nā ʻāina kahi e noho ai nā holoholona, e huli lākou i kahi ʻē aʻe e noho ai, kahi e hānai ai au me ka pilikia ʻole.

Hoʻohana ka lua i kahi noho. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe okoa no kēia mau luna kuʻina o ka ʻohana canine e ʻoka i nā pale iā lākou iho. Hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻili i eli ʻia e nā hui ʻē aʻe o ka honua holoholona, akā no kekahi mau kumu ʻaʻole noho ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lā, ʻo ka hapanui i ke ao, hūnā lākou i nā lua wai. ʻO ka maʻamau ka mea maʻamau i nā heihei o ka aardvark, kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻeli ai i hale hou no lākou.

No ka pālahalaha o ka anai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻupena nui i ka nunui. Noho kekahi o lākou e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka māhele o ka ʻAmelika mai Sudan a hiki i waena o Tanzania, ʻo ka lua - ma kāna ʻaoʻao hema mai ke Repubalika o South Africa a hiki i Angola.

He aha kahi mea e ʻai nui ai nā ʻalopeke nui?

Kuhi: kahi nunui nui

ʻOiai ke kūpono ʻole o nā ʻalopiha nunui ka pepeiao i nā holoholona hihiu, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no lākou, ʻaʻole ia he ʻiʻo. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou, ke hānai nei i nā iniseti. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo kai ʻaina.

ʻIke maoli nō. ʻAi kekahi mea pākahi e pili ana i 1,2 miliona pakanikahi i hoʻokahi makahiki.

ʻO kēia mau mea ʻelele o ka ʻohana canine he 48 mau niho. ʻOiai naʻe, ʻoi loa ka ikaika o kā lākou ʻōpio i ka ikaika i ka ikaika o ka iwi āwahine o nā mea āpau. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka mea ʻo lākou ʻaʻole he mea lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole pono lākou e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, mālama a waiwai a hoʻokaʻawale ia i mau māhele. Ma kahi o ka hana, uku ʻia ke ʻano iā lākou me ka hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i ka meaʻai a kokoke koke. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka saturation, pono ka holoholona i kahi nui o nā pepeke.

Hoʻohana ka holoholona i nā pepeiao no ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke koho i nā kani liʻiliʻi o ka neʻe o ka iniseti kūloko ma lalo o ke kula. Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi leo maʻamau, ʻeliwili koke ka holoholona i ka honua me nā māla lōʻihi a me ka ʻai.

He aha ke kumu o ka meaʻai:

Termeri
Nā Palalahe,
Juicy, ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu,
Naauhea
ʻAiʻi
Pepeke, ʻaʻa
ʻO nā pi
Paule
Kūpono
Kihikihi
Nā momi liʻiliʻi.

ʻIke maoli nō. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma kēia noiʻi ʻana o kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana canine he mau niho momona. Makemake lākou e ʻai i ka meli mai nā meli hihiu a me nā hua momona, nā momona. Ma ke alo o nā meaʻai hiki ke ʻai wale iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ma ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina o Aferika, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hihia o ka hoouka ʻana i nā holoholona ʻoihana. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo kēia mea ʻaʻole lākou he mea lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole hele nā vela i kahi wai inu, ʻoiai ka pono o ke kino e uhi ai ka momona e ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu.

Ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka meaʻai i loko o ka pouli ma muli o ka wela wela. I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, ua hiki ke lanakila ma nā wahi ākea ākea - 13-14 mau hola ma ka pō.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Hoʻi kiʻi: Fox-Eared Fox mai ʻApelika

ʻO kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana canine i kahi o ke ʻano hoʻohuli. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kūkaʻi ma muli o ka nui o ka meaʻai. Me kona hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, neʻe nei lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

He monogamous nā Foxes ma ke ʻano. Ke koho nei nā Males i kahi wahine me lākou e noho ai i ko lākou ola āpau. Noho pū nā kāne i loko o ka lua like, e moe ana ma ka ʻaoʻao, e kōkua kekahi i kekahi no ka mālama ʻana i ke kapa, maʻemaʻe ia. Aia kekahi mau manawa i noho pū ai nā kāne me ʻelua mau wahine, hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano harem.

Ma nā hihia kīnā ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke noho pū ma kahi pūʻulu. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻohana a i ʻāpana paha kona wahi noho, kahi ma kahi o 70-80 hepa. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka hōʻailona ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina a me ka pale i ka kuleana e noho ai.

ʻIke maoli nō. Ma ke ʻano maoli, ua manaʻo ʻia nā holoholona ʻehā nui e pili ana i nā holoholona noho ʻole, akā e like me ka kamaʻilio ʻana me kekahi me kekahi ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kekahi mau leo. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kani o ka mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. He haʻahaʻa ko lākou he ʻehiku, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kamaʻilio me ko lākou poʻe hoahānau, ʻelua mau mea hoʻohui ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e kamaʻilio me nā ʻenemi a me nā mea hoʻokūkū.

Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa nā holoholona i kahi lua manu, ʻeli lākou i kā lākou. I ka manawa like, like lākou me nā labyrinths maoli me nā puka komo a me nā puka, i nā keʻena lehulehu. Inā hiki i nā mea kikoʻī ke ʻike i ka lua, ʻānai koke ʻo ia i ka ʻohana alopine i kona wahi a me ka ʻeli i kahi mea hou, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī.

Inā lilo ka ʻalopeke i mea i alualu ai i ka ʻaoʻao o kahi mea i kipa ʻia, ke lele koke nei, holo i loko o ka mauʻu mauʻu a i nā mea kanu lāʻau, a laila e hoʻololi koke i kona ʻano, e hoʻohuli i kekahi o kāna mau mua. ʻO kahi manuʻae ʻia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka wikiwiki a holo malū i loko o kekahi o nā labyrinths o kou puʻāina. Pēlā nō, hoʻoilina i nā holoholona i mea e hoʻokauwā ai i ka poʻe i hōʻino, e hoʻi ana i ko lākou mau kuʻuna.

Hoʻokumu ka hana i kēlā me kēia lā i ke aniau. I ka wela wela, he ikaika loa ka wela i ka pōʻeleʻele, a i ka hoʻoilo ke hana a ke ʻano i ke ao.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: Fox-pepeiao

Hōʻailona nā ʻalopeke nui i loko o ke ʻano, a ua noho pū lākou me ka wahine hoʻokahi i ko lākou mau ola āpau. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi hihia i koho i nā kāne ʻelua wahine a noho pū me lākou. Eia kekahi, hele maluhia pū kekahi me kekahi, e kōkua e mālama i nā keiki.

Noho ka estrus o ka wahine i kahi manawa pōkole loa - hoʻokahi lā. Aia i ka wā pōkole loa kēia e hoʻokele ai ka poʻe i ka hoa aloha a hala i hoʻokahi mau manawa. Hoʻokahi wale ʻia ka makahiki i hānau ʻia ʻo Foxes i hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻonui ka manawa gestation i nā lā 60-70. Ua hānau ʻia nā ʻōpio i ka manawa o ka manawa ua ma ka ʻāina o ka'āina o ʻApelika, a he nui nā pepeke e pono ai e hānai i ka wahine a me nā ʻōpio.

ʻO ka pinepine mau mai ka hoʻokahi a i ʻelima mau hānau. Loaʻa ke kāne ikaika i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. Mālama ʻo ia i ka lua, loaʻa iā ka meaʻai no lākou, kōkua e mālama i ka hulu. Inā he mau wahine ʻelua, ʻo ka lua ke kōkua e hānai a mālama pono iā lākou. Ua hānau ʻia he makapō, he kapa ʻole ke keiki ʻole. ʻEhā mau ʻāpana ʻehā wahine, a no ia mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke mālama pono i ka nui o nā ʻalopeke. ʻO ka pinepine ke loaʻa ʻana o nā hanana i ka wā e pepehi ai ʻo ia i nā pēpē palupalu a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi.

Hōʻike ka ʻike i nā ʻeke i ka iwa o ka lā 10. ʻElua mau pule ma hope aku, e haʻalele i ka lua a ʻimi aku i ka wahi kokoke. I kēia manawa, uhi ʻia ke kino o nā holoholona me ka hina pua. E hānai ana nā waiū i ka waiū makuahine no 15 mau pule. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻololi maoli lākou i kaʻai maʻamau o nā pākeke. E aʻo koke e loaʻa kūʻokoʻa mai i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomaka o ka wā ʻōpiopio mai 7-8 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. I kekahi mau manawa, noho ka wahine'ōpiopio i ka hui.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pōpoki nui

Kiʻi: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Nui

ʻO vivo, nā ʻenemi o kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana canine:

ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i ka lehulehu he kanaka, ʻoiai ua luku ikaika ʻo ia i nā holoholona e loaʻa ai ka ʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hulu manu nui o ka holoholona līʻī. I nā nui, ua luku ʻia nā ʻalopeke i hoʻopau ʻia. Ua hiki i nā poʻe ʻōpio ke haʻalele ʻia i ka wā i mālama ʻole ʻia e ka pākeke e pili loa i ka luku. ʻAʻole ʻo ka mea nui kai nui wale nō, akā ʻo ka manu lele i pio iā lākou.

Hoʻonui nui i ka helu o nā maʻi holoholona e like me rabies. ʻO nā alopeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōlima o ka canine e ʻoki i kēia maʻi. Ma kahi o kahi hapaha o nā kānaka āpau e noho nei ma kēia ʻāina i make mai ia makahiki.

ʻO ka poʻomanaʻo ka nui o nā holoholona i hoʻopau i nā holoholona, kahi ʻē aʻe iā lākou nā nīnū a me nā ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāinaʻāina o ʻAmelika i nā alopeke. Pono nui ka makemake o Fur, a manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kahi mea momona maoli ma nā hale mālama kai kūloko.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: kahi nunui nui

I kēia lā, hoʻemi nui ka nui o nā holoholona. ʻO nā mea noiʻi - ʻōlelo nā zoologists ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka hoʻopau piha ʻana. I kēia pili, ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia lākou i ka Puke ʻaha a me ka ʻaʻa no lākou no ka mea i pāpā ʻia ʻole ma ka pae kānāwai.

I ka wā ma mua, ua nui ka nui o ka holoholona i ka ʻāpana a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika. Akā, i kēia lā, ua hoʻonui nui lākou i nā wahi he nui. I loko o kekahi o lākou aia kahi hoʻoweliweli a pau loa o kā lākou nalowale ʻana.

Eia naʻe ke kūʻē nei nā zoologists me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻāina mahiai, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka wahi o nā wahi hānai, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻoilina o ka fox termite o ka ponoʻai. Ma ka pili ʻana i kēia mau ʻāina i hoʻonui ʻia i ka nui o nā alopeke nui i 25-27 i hoʻokahi pākahi o hoʻokahi kilomika square. He ʻano maʻamau kēia helu no kekahi o nā ʻāina o ka ʻĀpana Hema Hema.

Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe o kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana canine - mai ka 1 a hiki i 7 mau pākahi i hoʻokahi pākahi square. Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ka pōʻino nui loa ka make ʻana o ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nui o ka kaola e hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Eia kekahi, me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā alopeke, e māhuahua ana ka nui o nā anai.

ʻOihē Wili Nui he holoholona nani a hoihoi nui. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia kona helu i ka hana kūlohelohe. Inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā manawa kūpono e mālama a hoʻihoʻi i ka poʻe i lawe ʻia ʻole, he hopena hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia.

Hoʻaiho

E like me ka mea e noho ai, makemake kēia mau holoholona i kahi mahana wela. Ua pālahalaha lākou ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. Noho lākou ma nā savannas a me nā anuina, kahi nui nā mauʻu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i nā holoholona ke hūnā mai ka wela sultry. Ma laila lākou e hūnā ai i ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi.

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ʻO kahi noho nui o nā alopeke nui pepeiao.

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APELIKA HEMA,
Botuana,
Zimababue,
Zamibia,
Sudana,
Mozamabika.

ʻIke ʻia lākou ma Kenya, ʻAitiopa. Uganda, Somalia a me Lisote.

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I ka noho ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ka mauʻu ma mua o 30 mau kenimika, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e paʻakikī hou iā lākou i ka ʻai. Inā he mau meaʻai liʻiliʻi i ko lākou ʻāina, e neʻe i ka pae ʻē aʻe.

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Mea ʻai

ʻO nā holoholona nui ka pepeiao i nā holoholona makehewa e hānai nui ana i nā pepeke. ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou papa me ka termites. Hoʻokahi wale nō kīleʻe ʻōpio nui i ʻai i hoʻokahi miliona miliona mau makahiki. ʻOiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā niho he 48 ma nā ʻanuʻu o nā holoholona, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona nui. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou he kahu maʻi, no laila ʻaʻohe kumu o lākou e ʻai ai i ka ʻiʻo a mālama i ka mea nāna. Eia naʻe, kākaki koke lākou i ka meaʻai a lākou e ʻai wikiwiki ai. Kōkua nā keiki iā lākou e loaʻa i nā mea inikini, ka mea e hopu i nā leo ʻuma a nā pepeke a i lalo. A lohe ka ʻōpio nui-pepeiao kahi leo, kani koke ʻo ia i ka lepo me kāna mau a me ʻai i ka iniseti.

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Hoʻopili i nā anai, ua mālama kēia mau lau i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mōnī, a me nā huaiki. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha i aloha nui kēia mau ʻenehana i nā meaʻai momona. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka meli a me nā hua.

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E hoʻomaka ana ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka pō, no ka mea, i nā kūlana wela ʻole ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho mau i loko o nā wahi i ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka pō ua holo lākou i 14 mau kilomita.

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Hānau kūleʻa

No nā mākaʻi o nā alakiko nui, ʻano maʻamau ka monogamy. Mālama ʻia nā lā ma mua o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. Aia nā hihia i noho ai nā kāne me nā wahine. I ka wā o ka estrus, ka mea i loaʻa i kahi lā, hiki i nā kānaka ke aloha i nā manawa pinepine. Hoʻokahi wale ʻia ka makahiki i hānau ʻia ʻo Foxes i hoʻokahi makahiki. Makahiki ka manawa incubation a hiki i 70 lā. ʻO ka hānau ʻia o nā cubs i ka hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā pepeke no nā meaʻai. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole ma mua o 5 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia. Hoʻokomo nui ke kāne i ko lākou hānai ʻana. E kiaʻi ʻo ia i ka lua, ʻimi ʻo i ka ʻai a mālama pono iā lākou.

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I ka wā mua, he liʻiliʻi a hāmeʻa ʻole nā alopeke. Ua lilo lākou i ka lā 10 o ke ola.I ʻelua pule ma hope aku, hiki iā lākou ke waiho i kā lākou mau lua a nānā i ka ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ua uhi mua lākou i ka hina i lalo. I ke wiki 15 e ʻai ai lākou i ka waiū wahine. Ma hope o kēlā me ke hoʻololi iki i ka meaʻai a nā pākeke. Hiki lākou i ka moekolohe i ke makahiki he 8 mau mahina.

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Kanikau

ʻO nā pōpoki o nā ʻalā nui pepeiao i loaʻa i nā ʻōpū, nā cheetahs, nā hyenas, nā liona a me nā ʻīlio. Akā, ʻo ka mea pinepine ka hopena nui loa o ka hana kanaka. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau holoholona e loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo a me ka hulu. Ke koi nui nei ko lākou mau wahi. ʻO ka hapa pinepine nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā holoholona. Ua lilo lākou i mau mea manu no nā manu a me nā mammals.

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ʻO kekahi mea nui e hōʻemi i ko lākou mau helu he rabies. Hoʻopili loa lākou i kēia maʻi, kahi e make ai i ka hapaha o nā holoholona āpau āpau.

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Ke noho maʻamau

Hoʻohui kēia mau holoholona i kahi ʻano migratory i waena o kā lākou pae. Hoʻoponopono koke lākou i nā kūlana hou. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mau holoholona a me kahi pūʻulu hoʻonohonoho i kāna ʻāina a he 80 kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa kahi kā lākou teritori.

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E like me ka noho ʻana, ua lako ʻia nā alopeke nui i ka lepa e like me ka labyrinths. Inā ʻike ka holoholona hihiu i ko lākou puʻuhonua, a laila haʻalele lākou iā ia a hoʻomaka e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hou.

Otocyon megalotis (Desmarest, 1822)

Ka ʻāpana: māhele ʻia i 2 allopathic ka lehulehu, ʻākau (O. m. Virgatus) - ʻApika ʻAmelika mai ʻEulopa, Somalia a me South Sudan ma Kenya a hiki iā Tanzania, hema (O. m. Megalotis) - ʻApelika Hema mai ka hema o Zambia a me ʻAulana Hema i ʻApika Hema. , hikina i Mozambique, Botswana a me Zimbabwe, komohana loa o ka moana Atlantika.

Range nagara: Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Africa.

He ʻelele liʻiliʻi o nā canine me nā wāwae manawaleʻa, kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi a me nā pepeiao nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā males (4.1 kg) ma mua o nā wahine (3.9 kg) (3.9 kg ma ka awelika no nā kāne ʻelua), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paona o nā kāne ma Botswana ma mua o nā kāne.

He hina ke poʻo, ke kua a me nā wāwae ʻākau. Keleʻele ka paneneneka ma luna a keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka umauma a me ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa e kiko ai i ka meli a i ka melemele melemele. Ke keʻokeʻo nei nā pepeiao. ʻĀkau o ka pepeiao o ka pepeiao, ka ihu o ka muzzle, ke alo maka, ke alo o nā wāwae mua a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o nā wāwae hind, kahi waena o ka pora waena o ka huelo. Pahu ʻia kahi kaula keʻokeʻo mai ka lae a i lalo a ʻo luna 3/4 o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka pepeiao. I kekahi o kekahi kanaka, holo i ke kāʻei polikina lapalapa e holo ana ma hope o ke kua. Mai ka beige a i ka meli, ua uhi ka hulu i ka ʻāʻī ma lalo mai ka palena o ka muzzle a pā i ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ke kino. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā ʻōpiopio. He palala a palalulu ka honu ma ke kino a me kaʻili, ma luna o nā ʻaoʻao i ʻeleʻele ka lauoho ma ka kumu me nā ʻōlelo keʻokeʻo e hāʻawi ana i kahi kapa hina a hina paha i ka lole. ʻIke ʻoluʻolu nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka lalo o ka undercoat ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna ka lōʻihi e pili ana i 30 mm, a ʻo ke koena o ka lauoho o ka popo wīwī ma kahi o 55 mm, me nā lauoho alualu ʻia i hala (a hiki i 65 mm).

ʻO ke keiki 46-50, ʻo ia ka helu nui loa no nā manu manuahi ʻole ʻole marsupial.

Loaʻa i nā wahine nā 4-6 nipples.

ʻO ka helu diploid o nā chromosome iā 2n = 72.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo a me ke kino (e hui pū ʻia nā papa) 46-66 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo 23-34 cm, kiʻekiʻe poʻohiwi 30-40 cm, kiʻekiʻe o ka pepeiao 11.3-13.5 mm, paona 3.0-5.3 kg.

A like kekahi ʻano o ka ʻūlani o ko ʻAlepika Hema (Vulpes chama) he liʻiliʻi, he ʻāpana hapa kala-hiriwa, he ʻeleʻele loa mai ke keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula, ke poʻo a ke kua a ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻohe ʻeleʻele ma ke kua, ʻeleʻele ka huʻu, ʻeleʻele wale ke poʻo.

He kuea i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana kūmole o ʻAmelika Hema a me ka hema o ʻAmelika i ʻelua mau ʻāpana kūwaho (e hōʻike ana i nā subspecies ʻokoʻa), mahele ʻia ma kahi o 1000 km. Ua pili paha nā pilina ʻelua i ka wā o Pleistocene. ʻO kēia māhele hūnā ʻia e like nō me ka wahi o ka honua (Proteles cristatus) a me kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a (Canis mesomelas). ʻO ka pālahalaha o ka laulima ma loko o ka hema o ʻApelika i kēia mau makahiki ma muli o nā loli i ka ua.

He ʻano maʻamau nā ʻano i loko o nā wahi mālama i South Hema a me East Africa, ka maʻa mau i nā wahi a me nā mahiʻai ma South Africa, kahi a lākou e alualu ʻia i kekahi manawa. I loko o kahi noho paʻa, hiki ke nui ka nui mai ka nui a hiki i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka ua, loaʻa ka ʻai, ka wā kūpono a me nā maʻi.

I ke komohana hema o Kalahari, e loli paha ka nui o ka manawa: ka helu maʻamau ma ka hapa mau wahi i kanu ʻia ʻo 21-km he 10 km² ka nui o 7-140 mau kānaka, i.e. 0.7-14 no km². Aia ma Limpopo, ʻAmelika Hema, he 5.7 mau ʻūpekeke no ka km², a ma kahi kokoke loa o Mashatu Nature Reserve, Botswana, 9.2 mau ʻalopona per km² i ka manawa hoʻoulu a me 2,3 mau alika i kēlā me kēia mau manawa. Ma Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, Kūʻai Noho ʻAi, ʻAmelika Hema, ua piʻi aku ke kao mai 0.3-0.5 mau ʻōpio ma ka km km no ka manawa ʻekolu makahiki, ʻoiai ma ke kīhāpai ʻelua ma ke kikowaena o Karoo, North Cape, ua kūlike ka uku 1.1-2.0 mau ʻalopona ma km km. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka Serengeti i ka like o 0.3-1.0 mau ʻalopona ma km km.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻīlio nunui ma ka nui o ke kai inika like ʻole. ʻO nā pepeiao nui nui i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā iniseti ʻoi loa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻolaʻa morphological a loaʻa pū ka hana o ka thermoregulation. Ua pā ka hānai manuahi i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā niho miliki.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻalopela nui a me ka huaʻōlelo Hodotermes a me Microhodotermes e pānaʻi ʻia e 95%. Termites (Hodotermes mossambicus) pae i ka 80-90% o kaʻai. Ma nā wahi me ka Hodotermes, hoʻopau nā alopeke i nā ʻano āpau ʻē aʻe; ʻoi hoʻi ʻo Odontotermes i ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o ka meaʻai i nā wahi o Kenya. ʻO nā invertebrates pau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōpala (Hymenoptera), nā nāhelehe (Coleoptera), nā crickets a me nā ʻōpala (Orthoptera), millipedes (Myriapoda), nā palupalu a me nā ʻano larval (Lepidoptera), nā ʻahi (Scorpionida) a me phalanx (Solifugae). Hoʻokomo pū ʻia i ka meaʻai me nā manu, nā momm liʻiliʻi a me nā reptile. ʻAi maoli lākou ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu i ka wā e hānai ana i nā iniseti. ʻO nā ʻili, nā hua a me nā huaʻaiʻai, ua pau loa i ke kumu. I ka ʻauʻau ʻana o nā hua waina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻalopoa nui mai ka lua i kahi a lākou e ʻike ai a ʻai i nā hua. ʻO ka waiwai o ka manu a me ka ʻai ʻana i ke kalima, he manawa kūpono ʻole ia, ʻaʻole he koho ʻana. Ka hōʻole ʻia e ʻai i ka termite Trinervitermes trinervoides, hoʻāʻo ʻia me ka ʻaila a hoʻohui ʻia i ko lākou mau meaʻai, ʻike ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka pale ʻana i nā mea huna huna o nā pūʻali koa.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kaxa like ʻole o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia. I ka Serengeti, nā pīpī lepo nā kumu ʻai ʻai nui i ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe, i ka wā e emi ai ka hana termite. I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lua ʻelua, ua ʻāʻohi ʻia nā kolo manuahi i ka lepo.

ʻOi aku ka hapa o nā ʻōlima a me nā manu hilahila ma nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā ʻohana o ka ʻalopō nui, a ʻo nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ka lehulehu o ka mana o H. mossambicus e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka ʻalopeke. Ua pā pono ka hoʻonaninani o nā kauā mai nā Hodotermes nests me nā ʻano like ʻole demographic a me ka hoʻohuli, e like me ka litter size a me ka wahine male rate rate. ʻOiai e hiki ke loaʻa i ka wai o nā holoholona nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka wai haʻahaʻa o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole nā mea inikeni i ke kauwela ma ʻApelika hema, he wai waiwai nui ka wai i ka wā o ka lactation Eia naʻe kekahi mau kumuwaiwai e hōʻike ana, ʻaʻohe ʻike o nā pōʻalopā e inu ana mai nā wai lawaiʻa.

ʻAʻole i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hūnā nui nā alopio i nā pepeiao nui a i ʻimi nui paha i ka ʻai. Ma nā zoos, maʻa maʻamau lākou e waiho wale i ka ʻiʻo i koe.

Aia i ka mea ʻai e neʻe ai i ke ʻano o ka mea ʻai, akā ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ka meaʻai e ka neʻe lohi ʻana o ka ʻalopeke, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i kona ihu i ka lepo a hāpai i kona mau pepeiao i mua. Kuhi ʻia ka wahi o ka mea i hala me ka kani, ʻike a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka hana haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa o H. mossambicus e pili pololei ana i nā hana hana i ka fox. Ma ka Hikina Hikina, ʻoi ka pōʻai ʻana i ka pō. Ma ke kūkulu hema, ʻo ka hānai ʻana o ka pō i ke kauwela e loli mau loa i ka mālama ʻana i ke ao i ka hoʻoilo, e hōʻike ana i nā loli i ka hana a H. mossambicus. I ka lā, peaks i ka hana hānai e kū like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana inika. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui a me ka pāʻina a me ka hānai me ka nui o ka ʻai me ka huaʻai.

Ma ka Serengeti, ua haʻalele kā lākou i ke ahiahi i ke ahiahi, hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine nā pūʻulu i nā hale Hodotermes i ʻike lākou i ko lākou pae. Ke kīloi nei i nā pūnaewele termite, hānai nā lālā o nā hui i kēlā me kēia, akā naʻe i ka hānai ʻia e nā pīpī, ʻōpala a he mauʻu wīwī paha, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka 200 m mai kekahi. Piliʻi nā lālā o ka hui i kekahi i nā wahi momona i ka ʻai me ka paipai haʻahaʻa.

ʻAʻohe inoa inoa no ka wānana holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o ʻAmelika Hema, he hewa maoli ka nui o ka mau alima i ka poʻe kaʻino inā e ʻai lākou i nā kolo o nā lele a me nā ʻōpala o nā keiki hipa.

Loaʻa ka hapanui i loaʻa i ka nahele me ka mauʻu pōkole (ʻoi aʻe ka nahele 100-250 mm) a me nā savannas ma nā wahi momona a me nā semi-arid. I ka wā ikaika a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, lawe lākou i ka nahele i nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā mea pā i hoʻopiʻi kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā Foxes ke wehe hou i nā lua e hoʻohana ai i nā lua liʻiliʻi e hūnā mai ka lā i ka waenakonu o ke ao. ʻOi aku ka ʻāina i mauʻu a i ʻole mauʻu nāu, i hōʻoki ʻia e ka ʻāʻū ʻana o nā ʻāʻā a i ʻole nā puhi ʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hema e hoʻomaha pinepine ma lalo o nā kumu o ka genus Acacia.

Hiki i ka hana i ke ao a i ka pō paha, ma muli o ka manawa a me ke kūlana. Hoʻopili pili nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā i nā hana o nā iniseti, ʻano nui ka termites. ʻO nā wīwī mai ka muliwai Nossob maloʻo (Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, ʻApelika Hema) i hoʻopau i ka 70-90% o kā lākou manawa ʻai, akā ʻano like ko lākou hana i ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻoikaika nā hui o nā ʻalopona i ke au i ke ao, ua nānā ʻia nā mea a pau i ka pō a moe. I loko o nā mahina kauwela o ʻAmelika Hema i ka lā Dekemapa a me Ianuali, ua loli ka hana.

Nā helu papa ʻāina helu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka 0.3 a i 3.5 km². Hōʻike nā ʻaoʻao o nā home i kahi kūlana nui a liʻiliʻi paha o kahi ʻāpana ma kahi ʻē. E makemake i nā mea i hoʻopulu ʻia. (ʻO nā hua palapala anai), ke alakaʻi nei i ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka nui i ka wā i hānai ʻia nā huaʻai (15-19 ʻehā ma loko o 0.5-5.3 km²) ma mua o ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia e nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe. Ua liʻiliʻi nā wahi home i ka wā o ka Hema o ka Hema ma mua, i ka wā e hoʻonui ai nā huaʻōlelo i kahi mahele nui o ka meaʻai ma mua o ke kauwela.

Kūlike ka nui o ka hui i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me nā awelika mai 2 a 15 mau ʻeke. Mālama ka makuakāne i ka ʻolua a me nā pipi, ʻo ka makuahine hoʻi e hānai no ka hana waiū. Hoʻohana pū nā ʻohana ʻohana mai Dekemaba a Iulai, ma hope o ka haki ʻana. ʻO nā hui maʻamau o 2 kanaka. ʻO nā pūʻulu nui o nā pākeke i haku ʻia e nā mākua a me kā lākou mau keiki makua. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā pālua a me nā pūʻulu i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma kēia wahi. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, i ka wā e nui ai ka lōʻihi o ka mauʻu, haʻalele ka ʻalopona i kā lākou mau ʻōpala.

I loko o ʻAwelika hema e noho ana lākou ma nā kāne monogamous me nā cubs, aʻo ʻAkelika hikina ka hui ʻohana o kahi kāne a hiki i ka 3 mau wahine pili i noho me nā lālā. Hōʻike ka hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia wā a i loko, no laila hānau ka hānau me ka ua a me ka pā o ka nui o nā iniseti. ʻO ka wā hānau e hoʻomaka ana mai Iune a Kepakemapa i ka Serengeti, ma Ianuali ma Uganda. Hiki i ka hoʻopili hou ʻana ma kahi makahiki a puni nā ʻāpana o East Africa. Ma Kalahari, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pakanikua i Iulai a me ʻAukake, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e ka ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka mākaʻāina. Ma East Africa, ua hānau ʻia nā pōpiki mai ka Pōʻalua a hiki i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, ma Kalahari mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. ʻO ka hānau mai ma Botswana e hele mai ana mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i Dekemaba.

Hoʻokomo ka hala ʻana i kekahi mau lā (a hiki i ka 10 mau kope o kēlā me kēia lā), me ke ʻanā ʻana he copulative e lōʻihi ma kahi o 4 mau minuke, e ukali ʻia e kahi ʻano pāʻani post-copulative.

Kuhi ka hapanui puaʻa i ka lua a poʻi aku paha i kahi lua i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia o nā manu ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, ʻo nā striders Pedetes spp., Aardvarks, a me nā puʻupuʻu termite a me nā burrowing heihei Phacochoerus spp.). Hiki i nā keʻena ke loaʻa i kahi komo, nā keʻena a me nā pulima a hiki ke 3 m lōʻihi a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pale aku ai i nā mea hoʻopiʻi a me nā mea (hoʻohālike, mai nā waikahe nui, nā wela wela), ʻo nā pēpē hou. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keruba ma waena o nā ana, a ma Serengeti nā ʻalopeke e hoʻohana i nā “hānai ʻai” e pale ai i nā cubs i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka pā. Ua mālama pono ʻia nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, pinepine e nā hanauna ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hui pū ʻia ʻo Natal lair: ma ke komohana hema o Kalahari i 1976, e loaʻa ana nā ʻaihue he ʻeono ma kahi ākea o 0,5 km² o ke kanā, a ua lawelawe ʻia kēlā me kēia he pākeke a he 2-3 mau ʻāpana (ka nui 16). Kokoke ʻelua mau wahi paʻa.

Litter hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, me ka hānau ʻia mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i Dekemaba, ma hope o ka hānauʻana 60-75 lā. ʻO ka nui Litter e pili ana i ka 1 a hiki i 6, ma Serengeti kahi o 2.56. Piʻi hou ʻia nā pēpē hou mai 99-142 g. ʻO nā ʻōlio liʻiliʻi e hānai ʻia i loko o ka lua, ma hope. No ka mea mua loa nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi e kū pōkole mai ka lua i ka wā he 8-12 mau lā lākou.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manawa o ke kāne me nā cubs ma mua o ka wahine. Pānaʻi ʻo ia iā lākou, hoʻokani, pale a palekana iā lākou mai nā mea wīlū. Loaʻa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu i ka hānai o nā keiki i ka wā lactation, akā no ka mea o ka meaʻai insectivorous, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ma ke ʻano maʻamau, mālama i nā pēpē. Eia nō naʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka mālama ʻana o ka mālama makua kāne i nā wahine i ka nui o ka manawa ʻai, i kaupalena ʻia e nā mea liʻiliʻi, nāu i ʻai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka mālama ʻia ma waena o nā kāne o nā mākua i ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hānai waiū (ma 10-15 mau wiki), aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kalahari ka mea i kū mai ma hope o ka ua nui a me ka nui o nā aina.

Hoʻomaka ʻia nā keiki ʻōpio e hānai ʻia e ke kāne e alakaʻi iā lākou, a ma Serengeti, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā mākua i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā mea palupalu i nā pūʻulu like ʻole o H. mossambicus ma o ka hoʻouna pinepine ʻana i nā bipi mai ka pahu natal i ka "pōʻai ʻai pō."

Ke hoʻomau nei ka kumu nui o ka ʻohana ʻohana a hiki i Iune hope, ke haʻalele nei ka ʻōpio i ke kahua, a noho mau nā kāne no ke ola. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpio i pālahalaha i nā makahiki kokoke. 5-6 mau mahina, akā ʻo ka wā puberty e hōʻea mai ma hope aku, ma 8-9 mau mahina. ʻO kekahi mau wahine ʻōpio e noho pū me ko lākou ʻohana ʻohana no ka hānau.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā pepeke a lawe ʻole i ka mea pio i ka lei.

Ma kahi o nā pākeke ʻōpio, lawe mai ia i ka waiwai mai nā vertebrates. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hilinaʻi nui nā pēpē i ka waiū.

ʻO nā holoholona nui ka holoholona nui. ʻAi lākou i nā pūʻulu, ma kahi kokoke i 200 m mai kekahi a me ka manawa a ma kahi o ka mamao ma lalo o 30 m ma nā wahi ākea. Hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha pinepine i kekahi. ʻO ka hana kaiʻai e nā hui o ka ʻohana he hoʻolālā kūʻē i nā poʻe wīwī a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā iniseti.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i kahi hui paʻa nā mea maʻamau i nā pēpie a me nā pākeke; ʻo ke kuapo ʻana o ka lauoho i waena o nā ʻōpio a me nā pākeke e hana i loko o ka makahiki. I ka wā o ia hōʻuluʻulu ʻana e like me ka hala o kahi alopeke i kau ʻia ma kahi o ka ʻāpana o kekahi. I ka wā e hoʻāhewa ana, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka maka. ʻO ke kāpili pilikino ka launa pili mua ma waena o nā pākeke. Hiki i nā lālā o ka hui ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā lua i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka nui, i ʻole e hoʻopoloke ai, a i ʻole e pale i ka wela. Hoʻākoakoa lākou ma ka lewa ākea, a laila moe lākou i nā ala ʻokoʻa i mea e hoʻokuʻi ai i nā mea ʻike. I ka hoʻi ʻana o nā pākeke i ka lua, popo pinepine nā pēpē a piu i ko lākou mau maka, akā, ʻaʻole e mākaʻikaʻi ka piko. Lawe ʻo kēia ʻano i ka pākeke.

Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio i nā pāʻani, maʻa mau ma hope o ka hoʻomaha a me ka hānai ʻana. Hiki i ka pāʻani ke pōkole a lōʻihi paha i kekahi mau minuke. ʻO ka pāʻani maʻamau kahi o ka alualu, ʻaʻole i hakakā pinepine.

I ka kamaʻilioʻana, he mea nui loa nā hōʻailona ʻike a me nā neʻe kino kino. ʻO nā kumu waiwai nui e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻike maka, ʻo ia hoʻi nā maka, nā maka, a me nā pepeiao a me ke kāʻei. Aia ka pōkole e nānā pono i kahi mea (no ka laʻana, ma kekahi o kāna ʻano ʻano nui a i ʻole kahi ʻaki paha), ua kiʻekiʻe ke poʻo, ua hāmaka kona mau maka, ʻike pololei a kuhikuhi ʻia kona mau pepeiao, paʻa nā waha. Inā ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu a hāʻawi ʻia paha, no ka laʻana, i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ana kahi mea predator a i ʻole kahi alaka i ka pepeiao nunui, i nā pepeiao ke alo o ke poʻo a mālama ʻia ke poʻo. Hoʻololi kēia ʻano i ka grin me ke poʻo i haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka hāleʻe ʻeleʻele a me ke kāʻei dorsal o ka huelo he mea kūpono hoʻi no nā hōʻailona. Kūlike ke kūlana o ka huelo mai ka noho ʻana a i lalo a kū i loko o kahi kuapo, ʻo ke ʻano o kahi ʻāwili. Hoʻohana ʻia nō ia i ka wā o ka moʻo ulu wahine, nā pāʻani a me nā neʻe o ka bowel. I ka wā o ka holo, kū pololei ke kūlana o ka huelo, no ka laʻana, a ke ʻimi nei i ka mea hopu a holo i ka pilikia. I nā hihia weliweli loa, hiki i ka hulu ma ke ʻāʻī, nā poʻohiwi, ke kīpeke a me ka huelo e kū i ka hope, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka ʻike o ka ʻōkohu. ʻO ka maʻamau ka loina o ka huluhulu kahi hopena i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana a hui pū ʻia me ka hope a i ka ʻili.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike a ʻike olfactory. ʻIke ʻia nā alopeke nui i ka poʻe i kahi mamao a hiki i ka 30 m. Hoʻomaopopo iā lākou, nānā pono lākou, ke hele mālie a kokoke i kahi kaua me kahi kūʻike. ʻO ke ala ka mea i hana ʻia o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai ke poʻo i lalo, kahi ʻāʻī elongated, mau pepeiao a hoʻi i kahi kihi o ka pū o kekahi waha o kekahi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano e ka mea ʻelua, e lawe ana i kahi pose me kona poʻo i paʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe a me kona poʻo.

E hoʻohana i nā leo nui. ʻO nā kani kekahi a i ʻole e pili i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole me ka hōʻike a ua maʻamau i nā hoʻoilo. Noho mālie a kamaʻilio ʻaʻole i lohe ʻia ma kahi lōʻihi. ʻO ke kani a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana e kiʻekiʻe a hele a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kani ʻana o nā leo kani, akā hoʻi i nā manawa pinepine ʻole. Hoʻohana ka pākeke i nā leo hoʻoweliweli e kāhea i nā pōpoki i loko o a i waho o ka lua, me ka kāhea ʻana i kekahi i kekahi i kahi e hānai nui ai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lūlū lūlū no ka ʻōlelo aku i nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi mea kime.

E hoʻohana i 3 poses i ka wā o ka uring: ke alo ʻana i mua, e hāpai ana i nā wāwae a me ke kolo. No ka urinary kino, hoʻohana pinepine nā kāne i kahi piko mua, a hoʻohana nā wahine i kahi squat. Ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka urine (kuhikuhi ʻana i ka urine i kahi mea kikoʻī e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka urination a i ʻole nā moa), hoʻohana nā kāne i kahi kūlana i hāpai ʻia, hoʻonaninani nā wahine i ka squat. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ka hana ʻana i ka urine i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kauwela. Kekahi mau manawa hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia i nā hōʻailona mua o ka wahine kahi i kau ai ka kāne. Hoʻomaka nā wahine i nā hōʻailona o ka urine ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana oestrus; ʻaʻole i loli ka pane ʻana o nā kāne kāne.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā mea huna o nā kelima no ka kamaʻilio. He mea nui nā kolohe i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i ke kino, ka mea i hana nui i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ka wā a i ka wā o ka rapprochement.

Hoʻowahāwahā ʻole nā ungulates. ʻO nā mongo keʻokeʻo keokeo (Ichneumia albicauda), nā pipio dwarf (Helogale parvula) a me nā mongo limoa (Mungos mungo) Ke makaʻu nei lākou i nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa nui - nā liona (Panthera leo) a me nā hyenas ʻikea (Crocuta crocuta). ʻO nā ʻīlio Hyena-like (Lycaon pictus) a me nā cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) e alualu i nā ʻalā. Hāpai ka poʻe hipa no nā ʻīlio hyenoid i ka hopu ʻana no nā alopeke i mau pepeiao lōʻihi. ʻO nā hyenas Brown (Parahyaena brunnea), nā cheetahs, nā leopards (Panthera pardus) a me nā leona e hopu i nā ʻalopiha nui ʻōpiopio, nā ʻīlio ulaula pihi (Canis mesomelas) - kahi hoʻoweliweli nui loa i nā ʻīlio. Hoʻokomo nā pēpē i nā lua me nā puka liʻiliʻi e pale aku i ka komo ʻana o nā mea kikoʻī nui.

Hoʻokuʻu ka pūʻulu i nā mea wili e hoʻokokoke ana i nā wahi kanu, kahi o nā ʻīlio ʻeleʻele, koo mongoose pālua (Galerella sanguinea), nā māhina ʻoniʻoni, a me nā mongooses keʻokeʻo. Hiki i nā ʻōlima hulu manu nui e like me nā ʻaeto kaua (Polemaetus bellicosus) a me nā ʻalāle ewa (Bubo africanus a me B. lacteus) hiki ke hopu i nā ʻalopeke makua ma nā wahi ākea. Ke alualu nei nā ʻeleʻele i ka mea ākea a me nā mea hulu hulu, e loli koke ka ʻalopelo nui i ka hala, e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa e pakele ai. Hiki i kahi alō i ka hoʻololi maikaʻi i ke ala i ka wā e holo ana ma luna o ka papahele ʻole me ka pau ʻole o ka wikiwiki. Ua make a ʻānai nā ʻulepule hieroglyphic ʻ (lelo (Python sebae) a ʻai i nā ʻalopao.

Hānau ʻia nā ʻano a hoʻopalaha nā rabies, canine distemper virus a me nā ʻīlio parvovirus. ʻO kahi pōkuhi nui pepeiao mai ka hulahula ʻo Serengeti, ʻo Tanzania, ua ʻike iā Trichinella nelsoni. Ua loaʻa iā Rabies mai ka makahiki 1986 a 1989 ka 90% o ka make ʻana o nā pākeke i hoʻokahi o nā puʻupuʻu hoka. I loko o Ser Sereti, ʻo ka nui o ka make ka mea nui o ka make i ka wā o nā helu aniani a me nā kahe.

He hoʻohana pāʻoihana, nā kamaʻāina o Botswana i kāʻili ʻia ma nā alopio i ka pepeiao nunui mai ʻApelila a Iulai hoʻi ma muli o nā ʻili. He puʻuwai koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi i ka termites, kahi e manaʻo ʻia nei he pōpilikia koʻikoʻi nui.

Ma ka noho pio ana, ua ola ke ola nui he 13 mau makahiki a me 9 mau mahina, ma ka hihiu, ʻoi aku paha ka pōkole.

ʻIʻano a me nā noho o nā fox nui

I ka maka mua, ʻike ʻia he pōkole maʻamau kēia, akā inā nānā ʻoe iā ʻoe, ʻike ʻoe ma mua iā mākou ʻo "raccoon + hare + fox i hoʻokahi pahu", hana maoli nā hana kūlohelohe. ʻO kona mau maka kūlohelohe, ua like me kahi raccoon, kokoke i nā maka he mālamalama māmā. Kūleʻa maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea loaʻa nā pepeiao nui, nā kuli a me ka pālahalaha, e like me ka ʻaele, ʻaʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou he hewa. ʻEleʻele nā kapa mai waho, a e keʻokeʻo hoʻi ka loko. Hoʻohana ka ʻalopeke nui i kā lākou e ʻohi ai i nā hōʻailona he nui, e pili pū ana ka poʻe mai kona mau hoahānau aia ma kahi mamao loa, a hoʻohana pū i kona mau pepeiao i mea e lilo ai i ka wela o ka wela, ʻoiai e noho kaʻawale loa ana ma West a me South Africa.

ʻOiai ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻano i kekahi manawa ma kahi ulu ākea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fox nui i mālama ʻia i nā ʻōpala a me nā savave, aia kahi lae mauʻu. Loaʻa nā manawa pinepine i loaʻa i nā wahi i puhi ʻia o ka savid arid. Eia nō naʻe, pono kēia ʻalopeke i nā wahi me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, kahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaha ai i ka manawa wela o ke ao, a hūnā ʻia hoʻi i nā mea wānana.

ʻIʻano a me nā noho o nā fox nui

Hoʻokomo kēia mau ʻalopeke i mau lua no lākou iho, akā hiki ke noho i loko o nā ana i waiho ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā lua o lākou he mau puka a me nā keʻena, a ua like lākou me kahi kaila i hana ʻia ai no kekahi mau mika. ʻO kekahi ʻohana o ka ʻōkeke nui pepeiao ka nui o nā pūlea ma ko lākou wahi.

Ma muli o ka kala-kala-melemele o ke kapa, ua ʻōloʻo ka ʻupu nui i ka leo i ʻike ʻia i nā poʻe poʻe e aʻo. Akā hiki ke kala ae like ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele i ka meli hohonu, e pili ana i ke ala o ka ʻalopeke e noho ai a pehea kona ʻumi. E like me ka hapa nui o nā canids, ka ʻāʻī a me lalo hoʻi o ke kino e ʻonanui ai nā kala. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka fox nui-pepeiao (kona lōʻihi o ke kino he 46-66 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo a hiki i 40 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi 24-34 cm, ke kaumaha 3-5.3 kg), e ʻōlelo ana i kona ʻano pilikino kūikawā.

He aha nā mea a ka ʻōpio nui e ʻai ai

ʻO ka papa meaʻai maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā ka momona nui (nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā huaʻāina, nā ʻūlū, ka huaʻai o nā pīpī, nā hua manu), nā huaora (makemake e ʻai i nā hua, nā aʻa kanu), mauʻu liʻiliʻi (nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā hua manu manu). ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona ma kahi kokoke o nā pua o nā antelope a i ʻole zebras, no ka mea hānai nā kahu manu i ka huaʻai i loko o ka ʻuā o nā artiodactyls, a eia ka ʻai o kēia ʻalā. No ka ʻōʻā o ka ʻōpū pepeiao nui i nā hua maikaʻi mai ka lepo, aia nā wāwae mua ma ʻelima mau manamana lima, a ʻehā ʻehā kona mau wāwae ʻehā. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine nā ʻalopeke i ʻai ʻawa me ko lākou mau hiʻona, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā pona. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā ʻalopeke e ʻai nui ana i ka pō a i ka wā hōʻona a me ke ao ʻana i ka lā, e like me kona ʻano nocturnal.

ʻO nā niho hū manu nui

Kekahi ʻano mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā ia ma ka ʻōpio nui-pepeiao - ʻo ia ka helu o nā niho, 48 ka poʻe o lākou, e komo pū ana me 4 a mua a me ka ʻehā radical i kēlā me kēia hapa o ka iwi. Hōʻoluʻolu kēia helu nui o nā niho i ka wā mua, akā ʻo ka niho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me kahi nāwaliwali palupalu o ka fox e hōʻoluʻolu iki. Uku nui ʻia nā niho o kahi alima pepeiao nui, e ʻae kēia iā ia e hoʻoiho koke i nā huahana ʻoihana pepeke maikaʻi loa e kōkua i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana, hoʻāla hou iā lākou. A ʻo ke ʻano hoʻi o ke ʻāʻī i hōʻoia hou i kona makemake ʻana i ka iniseti.

Ma nā wahi kahi i loaʻa ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o nā alopeke i ka wā e hānai ana i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā kanaka 2-15. Ma kahi e ʻawale ai ka hiki ʻana i nā meaʻai, makemake lākou e ʻai wale nō a i ʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

Holoi i ka Fox Nui

ʻO ka ʻōpiopio nui ka pepeiao i nānā i nā ʻano monogamous e hōʻike ana i ke territoriality liʻiliʻi, a pihi ka nui o nā lālā o kēia ʻano. Hānau ʻia ka wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻelima mau kūleʻa, ma hope o ka manawa o kahi hōʻiliʻili o ʻelua mau mahina. Aia ka kāne i ka wahine i ka wā hānau. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana o nā cubs, e noho mau ke kāne i ka lua no kā lākou pale ʻana, a ʻo ka wahine i kēia manawa ke hele e ʻimi i ka ʻai e mālama ai i ke ʻano o ka waiū.

ʻO kahi ʻōpio makua nui, ʻoi aku ka nui i ka ʻōpū nui e like me nā liona, nā leopona, nā cheetah, nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻoni, a me nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻAmelika.

ʻOi palekana

ʻO ka maloʻo, fluffy, nani ke kapa nani o ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka fox ʻōpiopio nui, ʻoiai e ʻimi pinepine ʻia no ka hulu. Nolaila, ua hoʻemi iki ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona o kēia holoholona, a ʻo ke kanaka nui no lākou. ʻO ka alopeke nui ka pepeiao, i nā mea pōʻino, ua hoʻopau ʻia no ke ohe hulu a me ka ʻai.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

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