ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka viper maʻamau ma mua o kona pili - ke kālai hele wāwae. ʻO kona lōʻihi me ka ʻili e hiki aku ai i 60-70 cm, ma nā hihia kaona a hiki i ka 80 cm. ʻO ka nui o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne.
ʻO ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o kahi viper maʻamau:
- ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo, i ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me nā pale kaua ʻekolu.
- nunui ke kino
- ua pokole ka huakai, a kokoke loa i ka hope,
- ua puni ka piko o ka muzzle.
- wehe ka ihu i waena ma ka pale o ka nasal (i ka viper steppe - kokoke loa i kona poʻo lalo).
- nā unahi ma ke kino me nā iwi i haʻi ʻia,
- ka haumana ma ke ʻano o kahi ākea kū.
ʻO ka kala o nā ʻōpala maʻamau mai luna mai e kūlike i ka hina a me ke kala i ka ulaula-brown, ke keleawe a me ka ʻeleʻele. Ma ke kua aia kekahi ʻano kalepa o ke kaula zigzag pōʻele e holo ana mai ke poʻo a i ka huelo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino he nui nā wahi aniani liʻiliʻi. He ʻulaʻula a hina paha ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka pinepine he mau poʻe me ka waihoʻoluʻu kino ʻeleʻele (melanists). ʻĀniha ke poʻo o ka huelo mai ka lalo (mai ka ʻalililima a i ʻole ka melemele-ʻoni). ʻO nā kāne ʻeleʻele wale nō he huluhulu ʻeleʻele. Ma ke poʻo hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kala polū x-ʻano. ʻEleʻele ka iris.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻopau loa ka viper maʻamau. Noho ia i ka wao nahele a me nā wahi ala-ala o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻĀkau Hema ma ka hikina a Sakhalin a me Northeast China. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka US US mua ua ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi āpau ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole, mai nā palena komohana a hiki i ka Far East, komo. Ma ka akau e hiki aku ai i ka ° 67 ° N, a ma ka hikina e hāʻawi ʻia ia i ka hema - a hiki i 40 ° N
ʻO nā wahi punahele maʻamau o nā kahe manu maʻamau he mau nahele wao nahele, nā kihi lāʻau a me nā ala me nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā lingonberry a me nā blueberries, nā waikahe o nā kahawai mauna, nā kihi o nā wao nahele, a me nā kuahiwi papa lāʻau. ʻO nā mea maʻamau, loaʻa lākou i nā ʻōpala nāwaliwali, i nā kīhāpai kahiko a me nā pā waina, kokoke i nā waikahe, nā kāwau. Hōʻalo i nā wahi maloʻo maloʻo, nā wahi i kanu ʻia ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o kahi viper maʻamau
ʻO nā Vipers, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ke alakaʻi nei i ke ʻano maʻalahi, e mālama ana i nā lua hoʻoilo. E wehewehe paha kēia i ka mea hoʻāliʻi ʻole ʻia ma luna o ke kaiāulu a hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia ka "snake foci". Inā pau kēia mau wahi i ka hoʻopiha ʻia ʻana o nā reptile me nā waiwai hānai, lele lākou no nā haneli mau haneli a i ʻole kilomita.
Hoʻoikaika ka hana a ke kumu. I ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lā. I ke kauwela, i ka wā wela, e hūnā ma kahi malu i ke ao, a ʻike ʻia ma ka ihu i ke kakahiaka, ahiahi a i ʻole pō. I ka wā anuanu a me ka ua, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka lehe i ka pale.
Ke neʻe lohi nei ka viper maʻamau i kahi nūnū, ke makemake pinepine i ka peʻe a hūnā paha i kahi pā. I loko o ka pōpilikia, loaʻa ka loaʻa i kahi ʻano defensive defure (kahi ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o ke kino i mua o ke kino, lele koke ke poʻo i mua) akā, ka mea no ka hoʻi pinepine i ka huli a hoʻoneʻe e lele.
ʻAno hānau
2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka poʻe hōʻili i ko lākou wā hiamoe. I kēia manawa, hakakā ka hoʻokūkū "kaua" ma waena o nā kāne meli, ʻaʻole e pau ka make ʻana. Hāpai i ke kino o luna a hoʻopili pū, e hoʻāʻo nā ʻenemi e piʻi i kēlā me kēia i ka honua a i ka manawa like me kāna mau manacingly. ʻO nā kāne i hala i pio, a lele ka wahine i ka mea lanakila, e nānā ana i ka hakakā ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka puʻele pōkole pōkole, hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o ka pule.
ʻO ka ʻāpana maʻamau he ʻoki na ovoviviparous. ʻO ka nui o nā hua i ka oviducts e pili ana i ka 5 a hiki i ka 18, e hilinaʻi ana i ka makahiki a me kahi noho o ka nahesa. Ma hope o 3 mau mahina (i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake), lawe mai ka wahine i ka awelika o 8-12 mau cub. I nā lā mua o ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻaʻole ikaika nā nahe ʻōpiopio a hānai i nā ʻōpala i koe i ke kino. Ma ke ala, ua pau ka makekiʻi o nā pōpō hou.
I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, hoʻomaka ka molt mua i loko o nā cubs, a ma kona hopena ke huli nei lākou ma kēlā me kēia wahi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Pahu lākou i ka hānai manuahi, spider, earthworms, etc. ʻO nā poʻe'ōpio e molt i ka wā e hiki mai pinepine - 1-2 mau manawa i hoʻokahi mahina. Ke ulu lohi nei lākou. Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wahine i ka makahiki 4-5 wale nō, ʻo nā kāne i ka makahiki ma mua.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Whakaahua: Viper maʻamau
ʻO kahi ʻānei maʻamau he mālamalama ʻo ia nā hua ʻehā o nā ʻōpio maoli, no ka ʻohana viper. ʻO nā hoahānau a pau loa, ua laha loa a kaulana loa. I ko mākou ʻāina, e ʻike ʻia ana kēia kahe i nā wahi a pau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia ma kāu māla. Mai Mei a Kepakemapa, ikaika loa ka viper. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me ka nahesa, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā hopena kaumaha.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kahi ʻōnika maʻamau ma ka nui o ka lōʻihi: ʻo kēia reptile ka lōʻihi ma mua o 60 a 70 cm. Akā ʻo ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka viper ma mua o hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo ka lahilahi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua haneli gr, e loli ana i ka 50 a hiki i 200 g.
Wikiō: Viper maʻamau
Pōʻino ka mea ʻawaʻawa o kahi viper maʻamau, akā hiki loa i ka make, ʻo nā mea waiwai ʻōpala i loko o ke ʻano o ka hānō, ʻaʻole i makaʻala ʻē aʻe i mea e make ai kekahi kanaka. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hopena o nā mea laʻala ma ka kino o nā keiki. Ma kahi o ehiku haneli paha o kēlā mau bites i manaʻo ai aneane ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i nā hōʻeha ʻeha ʻana o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻūhā, ka mea pinepine ka nui, ʻulaʻula a me nā kakaka.
Pīpī paha ka naʻau palupalu, piʻi mai ka maʻi maʻamau, hele pinepine ʻia ka maʻi pā, ʻike ka palu o ka ʻili, ulu pinepine nā palpitations, ulu wale ka hana, kī ʻia lākou i ka lua. Me nā hopena koʻikoʻi nui, nalowale kekahi kanaka i ka ʻike, hāʻule i loko o ka piko, hiki i ke kanaka ke haki nui, e hāʻule nui ke kaomi nui, hele pū ʻia nā mea āpau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā meaʻino a pau e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e kahi kīpē maʻamau o ka make ʻana ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻo kekahi manawa ke kiko ʻia nei ka mālama ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka hanana o ka pinepine o ia mau mea.
I mea e lawe ʻole i kahi kīwī maʻamau no ka naʻaupō kīnā ʻole, pono ʻoe i ka manaʻo o kāna mau hōʻailona ʻano, no laila e hoʻomaopopo pono ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho o kēia liona liʻiliʻi, a inā ʻike ʻoe, ʻike ʻoe iā wai ka ʻohana a nona ka ʻōpio ke pale aku i ka hoʻopā ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻi kiʻi: ʻāpana ʻāpana manuahi ma Rūsia
Ua nānā mua mākou i nāʻuʻuku o ka viper. Ua ʻike ʻia aia nā nāhesa nui e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi noho ma ka ʻākau. Ua loiloi loa ke poo o ka nakahi, a piʻu i ka maka, ʻoi a puni ka muzzle. Ua hoʻolako ʻia me nā nui nui he ʻekolu: mua a i ʻelua parietal. Aia kahi ʻaha kūpeʻe mua e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ma waena o nā maka, a ma hope ona he mauʻau parietal. Mea ia ma waena o kēia mau ʻano pale ʻelua aia kekahi pale kaua liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lalo o ka pale nasal e hoʻopili ʻia me kahi puʻuwai nasal.
Kele nā maka o kahi ʻōwili me nā haumana e kū pono ʻia. ʻO nā maka aniani, e ʻoki ai nā maka i luna o nā maka, hana i ke kiʻi huhū a me ka huhū o ka reptile, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo kumu. Kiwi a pōkole nā iwi o ka iwi o luna o ka nahesa, loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha ke ʻano o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻohi a ʻehā paha mau niho liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā huaona ma ka lewa he mau niho liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana kūwaho mai kona kino e ka wīwī cervical interception.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka nahe a a i ka waena waena ka mānoanoa loa. Mālama maikaʻi loa ia a hele i loko o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, aia kekahi mau manawa ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino āpau a loaʻa kahi silhouette e like me ka comma. Ka uhi ʻana ke kaulike i ka kino holoʻokoʻa o ka reptile, ma waena konu o ka naheka he 21 mau ʻāpana, ma ka ʻōpū o nā kāne lākou mai 132 a 150 paha, i nā wahine - a hiki i ka 158, a me ka huelo o nā kāne - mai 32 a 46 paha mau kūmole kūpaʻa, i nā wahine - 23 a 38 mau pai
ʻO ka kala ʻana o kahi viper maʻamau e hāʻawi ʻia i ka nānā kūikawā, no ka mea he ʻokoʻa a hiʻona ʻē ʻia me nā aniani aʻe:
- palaunu
- eleʻele
- hina hina
- melemele beige
- kālā-keʻokeʻo (kokoke aʻe i kahi hina hina),
- brown me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua ʻoliva
- keleawe me kahi paona ʻulaʻula.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Kēia loa hiki ke ʻike i ke kāhea ʻia "kapa" wela, ʻo kona kala hoʻi he asymmetrical. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi hapa o ke kino o ka nahesa me kahi ʻano hoʻohālike, a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe kekahi, no laila ʻike ʻia he pāʻuʻule iki.
ʻO nā hāme ʻaho ʻākina a maʻamau hoʻi nā hina o nā kāne a me nā ʻoliona i nā wahine.
ʻAʻole ʻano iki o Monotony i ka kala i kēlā me kēia, ʻoi aku ka lehulehu.
- ka zigzag, kahi hoʻohālike i kau ʻia,
- komo ka ʻalani
- ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka kala o ka manuahi, ʻo ka mea mua, kahi camouflage kahi mea i kūlike ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā ʻano o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia nā wahi o kahi noho o kēia reptile maʻamau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻAʻole hiki ke launa i nā albinos ma waena o nā pōpoki, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻili ʻē aʻe e loaʻa pinepine i kēia mauʻano.
ʻAuhea e noho ai kekahi ʻīlio maʻamau?
Kiʻi: Poison Viper
ʻO kahi māhele e kaila o ka viper maʻamau nui loa. I ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, ua noho ʻia ʻo ia mai Sakhalin, ʻĀpana Kiwa, nā ʻāpana kahiki o Kina i ka ʻākau o Pokukala a me Sepania. Ma hope o ka ʻAlika Arctic, noho ka ʻoni ma ka ʻāpana o ka Lapland Reserve, aia ma ka Murmansk Region, a noho pū nō hoʻi ma ke Kaiāwahine. Ma ke komohana o Siberia a ma Transbaikalia ʻike ʻia kēia reptile.
Kahi ʻia ka viper maʻamau ma laila hiki ke noho i nā ʻāpana ʻākau me ke anuanu maikaʻi loa, he ʻokoʻa loa i nā nāhelehele ʻē aʻe. Mai haʻalele i ka nahesa a me nā kuahiwi mauna, no ka laʻana, ʻo Alps. Eia no ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ʻo ka mea hoʻohui i ka palena Lūkia e noho ana ma ke ala waena: mai ka Arctic a i nā wahi kākela hema loa. He heogogene loa ka reptile: he mea maʻamau loa ia ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, noho nā viper maʻamau i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke ao a me nā ea ʻaoa.
E mahalo maoli ka ʻōpū i ka wahi me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe:
- nā nāhelehele ʻūlū
- nā kahakai o nā kahawai a me nā wai wai ʻē aʻe.
- nā kumu lāʻau
- ʻokiʻoki i nā wahi
- papa ākea me ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Makemake ʻo ia i ka nāhelehele a me nā mea pāpū ma lalo o nā pōhaku, kahi e lilo ai i puʻuhonua a pale ʻia mai nā loli. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, e manaʻo ʻia nā poʻe ʻaleʻale, akā i kekahi manawa ke neʻe nei lākou i loko o kahi noho hou, e lele ana a i kahi mau hola ʻelima. ʻOiai ʻo ka wai wai ʻaʻole ia he mea pilikia iā lākou, hiki i ka nāhelehele ke hele a hala ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole haʻalele nā ʻōiwi maʻamau i nā noho kanaka a loaʻa pinepine iā lākou ma nā paka, ma nā kīkaha ponoi, nā mahinaʻai, a hiki ke noho i loko o nā papa āpau a me nā ʻano a pau o ka hale i haʻalele ʻia, luku ʻia a ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻO keʻano
Hiki i nā ʻōlapa ke like me nā lōʻihi a me nā ʻokoʻa. A no ka weheweheʻana i ka nahe ʻeke, hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hiki i ʻehā mau lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e ʻike ke hiki i kekahi mau vipers ke lōʻihi aku ma kahi o 30 cm.I kēia hihia, e puʻupuʻu ko lākou kino, akā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o ka viper maʻamau. Hiki i ke pākeke ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 20 kg.
ʻO kā lākou poʻo ka ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, a me nā hōʻailona protrusions ma nā ʻaoʻao. E like me ʻoe e ʻike i mua, nui nā nāhelehele i hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi, a ʻaʻole ʻē aʻe ka viper i kēia mea. ʻO ka pono no kēia pili me nā haumāna kūliʻi, nā mea me ka ʻole o ka māmā, hoʻonui, a hiki ke hoʻopiha i ka mokulele holoʻokoʻa o ka maka. Mahalo i kēia hoʻonohonoho, hiki i ka viper ke ʻike i ka pō.
No ka ʻōpiopio nā hua manu naona a nāu, a no laila he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano e kū nei ma ka ʻāʻī luna, a me nā palahala me nā ʻawaʻawa. Hiki i kēia mau manu ke lōʻihi a hiki i ʻehā kenimita ka lōʻihi. I ka wā e paʻa ai ka waha, e hoʻopaʻi ʻia.
Inā makemake ʻia, hiki i ka viper ke wehe i kona waha 180 tikeri. I mea e hoʻolei aku i ka ʻawa, pono ka maʻi i ka ʻona i nā ʻāʻei e kokoke ana i nā mana.
He aha kahi mea ʻānai maʻamau?
Kuhi: Grey viper maʻamau
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano ʻo Viper i like me ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻono ke an i ka meaʻai i loaʻa ma kahi wahi.
ʻAi ʻia ka viper maʻamau:
ʻO nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio e uʻi pinepine i nā ʻano a pau o nā inikini: ʻūwū, nā ʻūpū, nā pōpoki, nā wīwī, na slugs, nā ʻaupō.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I waena o nā poʻe vipers, he hanana maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka cannibalism i kekahi manawa. Hiki i ka wahine ke ʻai i kāna mau keiki hou. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nele o nā meaʻai.
E pili ana i ka meaʻai, hiki i kahi viper maʻamau ke holo nui mai kekahi i kekahi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao like, he ʻono maikaʻi a makemake nui ʻo ia, e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻai i nā ʻaina ʻelua a i nā pōka a i ʻole paha mau manawa. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻai ka reptile i nā mahina ʻeono i hala (mai 6 a 9 mau mahina), a ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻaʻohe pōʻino i ke kino. ʻO kēlā mau kau makaina ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ke komo ka viper i kahi koʻikoʻi, e hoʻolohi ana i nā pae kino a pau, ʻai i ka momona i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ka manawa kauwela. ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe no ka ʻaina lōʻihi e koi ʻia, ma muli o ka ʻilihune o nā kahu ʻai hānai i ka pae o ka viper.
ʻO ka viper maʻamau he mea hānai holoholona maikaʻi loa, e hoʻouka ana i kona mea waiwai me ka wikiwiki o ka uila, me ka ʻole o ka kali ʻana. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻouka ʻana me kahi ʻapoʻea. Ma hope o kēia, hiki mai kahi manawa e kali ai no ka make a palupalu paha paha o ka mea pepehi, ʻo ia wale nō e hoʻomaka ai ka viper. Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana, hele ʻo ia i kona puʻuwai e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea āna i ʻai ai, nui ka hana o kēia kaʻina mau lā. He lawa nō ka lawa o ka nahe i ka meaʻai, akā nō kekahi manawa e inu ai i ka hau a i ka wai paha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Snake viper
Hoʻomaka nā vipers aktif i ka pūnāwai, hāʻule kēia manawa i ka lā Malaki-ʻApelila. ʻO nā kāne ka mea mua e hele i waho o kā lākou stupor, a laila hukiʻi ʻia hoʻi nā keikikāne. No nā kāne, ua lawa ka lewa mai ka ea mai 19 a 24 mau kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā wahine i kahi mahana wela - e pili ana i ka 28 tikelika me kahi hōʻailona hoʻohui.
Makemake nā ʻōiwi i ka wai o ka pūnāwai mua, no laila hele pinepine lākou i nā pōhaku i hoʻomoʻi ʻia, pohō, a me ka lāʻau e hina ai, hiki iā lākou ke noho pololei ma ke ala o ka hāʻule o ka lā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka manawa wela wela, hūnā lākou i ka wela ʻole i loko o ko lākou wahi paʻa. ʻO ka hoʻolalelale ʻana, ʻōlaʻi ka nā viper i ka lā, e pālahalaha ana i kona mau iwi i nā ʻaoʻao, no laila e hoʻomalaha ʻia ana, e like me ka ʻalani. Inā hopohopo ka reptile i kahi mea, a laila kūleʻa kona kino, ʻūlū a mākaukau e hoʻolei, like me ka pūnāwai.
Ke pau ʻole ke kue ʻana me kahi mea makemake ʻole, e kuhi ka hui a nā ʻāpana uwahi me ka wikiwiki o ke uila, mai loko mai o ka pūahi kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Ke hoke nei kekahi wahine hānai huhū, ke koi nei i ka hapakolu o kona kino kūlohelohe, i loko o kahi pū i hoʻōmi ʻia, hoʻokūkū ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi.
Ke holomua nei ka reptile i ka hopu ʻana i ka lā awakea. Ua nānā ʻia pehea ia loli, e lilo ana i ka dexterous loa, hopohopo, noiʻi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hola o ke ao, a ʻano nui ka nahesa i ka palaualelo, nā palaualelo a me nā ʻōpū.I ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, hana ka ʻūkini i ka mākaʻikaʻi like ʻole o nā lua, nā ʻano hāakahele. ʻO nā mea ʻono maikaʻi loa a me ka nānā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā mea kōkua nui i ka hopu manuahi.
ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu a me nā aʻalolo ʻo nā mea wīwī kekahi manawa maoli he kupaianaha, hiki iā ia ke moe no kahi manawa lōʻihi ʻole ke neʻe iki aku, e kali ana i kāna mau snack. ʻOiai ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o kahi rodent, e piʻi pololei ana i ke kino o ka mea luku. Kakali ke kīʻaha a hiki i kahi mea hakakā ke komo aʻe i ka nui o kāna mea i make ai e hana i kahi nī nui. Inā he mea ʻole ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole ke alualu o ka ʻahuʻula, akā no ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kali me ke ahonui no ka mea e hiki mai ana.
Inā ʻaʻole huki ʻia ka naheka me ka hopu, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokūkū nui, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka mua iā ia iho. Ke ʻike nei i kahi kanaka, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻomaha, inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻonāukiuki iā ia ma kekahi ʻano. Hōʻailona nui nā Vipers, no laila e noho maikaʻi lākou no ka wā hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i loko o ka hale, aia lākou iā lākou a hiki i nā lā mahana wela. Hōʻailona ka nui o nā nakahi i nā helu he nui i ka wā hoʻoilo kino, akā he mea kūʻokoʻa nā vipers.
Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehewehe no kēia:
- no nā wahi hoʻoilo, koho ke kīkale i nā lua o nā ʻiʻo a me nā moles, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻawale, me ka hohonu.
- ka pinepine pinepine i ka hibernate ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, kahi lūlū ʻia i loko o kahi pōpō nui, a hōʻoluʻolu ʻia kekahi i kekahi.
- He mea koʻikoʻi nā vipers a hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau.
Pahu ka ahulau a Snake e noho ana iʻeono mau mahina, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hele nā vipers mai waho o nā hale e noho ai i nā kahe ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomāloʻi hou i ka lā i ke anuanu a me ka hanohano.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kūkulu ʻia nā kīpī maʻamau ma ke ʻano ʻehā a ʻelima paha makahiki. Kūleʻa lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ka mea nona e noho nei i nā aniani ʻākau, kahi kahi pōkole ke kauwela, hānau lākou i cubs i ka makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomakeke a male kāne. ʻO ka manawa o nā male mare viper i ka lā o Mei; he iwakālua mau lā. I loko o kēia manawa, hele nā vipers a ʻaʻole wale ma nā pālua, akā hele pinepine i nā pōpō āpau o nā nahe nui. ʻIke ʻia ka males ma nā ʻano momona.
ʻO ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o ka wahine o ka puʻuwai i ukali ʻia e nā māla hakakā e like me nā hula haipule. Kū kū kekahi nā Duelist i kekahi i kekahi, e lulu nei i ko lākou mau poʻo, ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana. Ke hoʻomaka ka hakakā, a laila, intertwining, hoʻāʻo nā reptiles e hoʻolei i ka hoa paio i ka lepo. ʻO ka mea i lanakila, e loaʻa ka kuleana e male me ka wahine i koho ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOiai pīhoihoi, i ka wā o ka hakakā ʻana i ke kaua ʻana, ʻaʻole i kau ka pōpoki kāne i kēlā me kēia.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomakeke ʻana i ka hoa ʻaina, haʻalele ke kāne iā ia, a ke kali nei ka makuahine e kali mai ana i nā hua e kū hoʻokahi wale ana ke keiki. ʻO nā ʻōliona maʻamau e lilo i nā naheka ovoviviparous, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i nā hua, ʻili lākou a hoʻomōhala i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā hua fetal mai 10 a 20, akā naʻe, ua noho hou ʻia kekahi mau ʻōmia, no laila ua 8 a 12 mau ʻehā mau ʻōpio. Noho ke kia i ke kahakaha. ʻO nā kūʻokoʻa, kahi like like o nā pēpē i ko lākou mau mākua, he liʻiliʻi wale nō, ʻo ka lōʻihi o lākou ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i 16 cm.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā pēpē hānau maoli wale nō o ke kīwaha maʻamau ke kūʻokoʻa loa, kūleʻa lākou, hiki ke pale iā lākou iho a hana i nā pua.
ʻO kekahi mau manawa i loko o kekahi mau hola, a i kekahi mau manawa ma hope o kekahi mau lā, e hoʻomaka ana nā pēpē, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e kahili i ka pili. Ke hoʻomaka ke kau hou ʻana i nā unahi, lūlū nā nāhelehele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hopu ʻana i nā mea iniseti āpau. Hoʻoulu ulu ka wā ʻōpiopio i ke koena o ka manawa wela, a laila, pū kekahi me nā hoahānau makua, komo i loko o ka pua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, noho nā vipers a hiki i 15 mau makahiki, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke noho lōʻihi i ka noho pio ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻapo maʻamau
Kiʻi ʻAmelika: Red Book Viper
ʻOiai ka pōpilikia ʻo ka ʻeke a me ka nahā, he nui nā ʻenemi i loko o ka mea hopohopo ʻaʻole lākou e hopohopo a me ka maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻaina ʻawaʻawa. ʻOiai kāhāhā kekahi, ʻo ia kekahi o ka poʻe maʻi makemake he pālua, makaʻu ʻole ʻo ia i loko o ke kaua me ka viper, no ka mea he mau mea ola ʻole i kāna ʻona. ʻO kā Hedgehog mau hana ponoʻaneʻenehana kūloko i ka wā o ka hakakā: ʻo ka prickly ke kākā i ke ʻoki i ka reptile e ke kino, a laila launa koke i loko o kahi pōpō, ke hoʻolauna nei i kāna mau kī, kīwaha, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka nahesa ke kūʻē. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia a hiki i ka palupalu a hoʻomake a make.
Hoʻopili i nā hedgehog, ma waena o nā ʻenemi nāu e ʻike ʻoe:
ʻAʻole wale nā holoholona, akā loaʻa kekahi mau manu manuahi i nā pōpō. Eia nā: ʻanuʻu, nāhelehele a nāu, nā ʻono, nā ʻōpala. Mai poina e kekahi manawa i ka poʻe pōpoki iho ʻai i kēlā me kēia, e maʻi ana i ka cannibalism.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻenemi weliweli a keu loa loa no nā poʻe pōpilikia, ka poʻe e hoʻopili nei i ko lākou ola hūlū, e luku ana i nā wahi paʻa o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana. Hopu ka poʻe i nā pōpoki no nā terrariums, ʻaʻole luku i ka nahesa ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kā lākou pono, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o nā mea a pau i wehewehe ʻia, ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ola o nā reptile a mālama iā ia ʻaʻole maʻalahi.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kiʻi kiʻi: ʻeleʻele maʻamau
E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, nui ka nui o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi viper maʻamau, akā nui ka nui o nā kanaka o kēia reptile hoihoi. ʻO ke kumu ke kumu kaulana kanaka. Ke hoʻomau nei i ka hana hoʻomāinoino, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo nā poʻe e pili ana i ko lākou mau hoahānau liʻiliʻi, ka hopena i ka hōʻeha i nā lehulehu lehulehu, e komo pū ana i ka viper maʻamau. Ke ulu nei o nā kūlanakauhale, ka waiho ʻana o nā ala hou, ka hoʻomaloʻo o nā ʻōpala, ke kīhū ʻana o nā wahi ākea no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiai, ka luku ʻia ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau - ʻo kēia mau mea a pau e make i ka nui o nā reptile e nalowale nei i ko lākou mau wahi noho a me nā lako meaʻai momona. Hoʻopili wale nā ʻōiwi hānai mai nā wahi i noho mau ai lākou.
Ma kahi o ke komohewa ʻana o nā kānaka ma luna o ka nāhelehele o ka nahesa, ua hōʻeha nō hoʻi nā mea make ma muli o ko lākou nalo ponoʻī, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea e pale ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa, hoʻonā i ka absentes, a hoʻohālikelike kūpono. I ka ʻoihana hana, ua pono ke koi viper.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua laha wale ʻia ka ʻūkini kūwaho: i kekahi mau wahi ua kiʻekiʻe kona ʻona, a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ua pau ʻole ʻia. I kekahi mau wahi, lemu loa. ʻO kēia no nā kūlana kūpono i nā ola o nā reptile ma kahi ʻāpana, e hilinaʻi nui ʻia nei i nā poʻe.
He mea ʻole a ʻike i ka pīhoihoi, ke emi nei ka nui o ka wiper i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila ma Rūsia i kākau ʻia ka naheka i loko o ka Red Book o kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā republics. Ma nā'āina ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea e pili ana i ka nui o nā vipers.
Ke pale nei i nā poʻe ʻapo maʻamau
Whakaahua: Viper maʻamau
ʻIke mākou he pili paha ka heluna o ka viper maʻamau i nā mea maikaʻiʻole, ʻo ka mea nui i puka mai i nā kānaka, ma muli o ia helu he nui ka emi ʻana. Hoʻopili ke kanaka i kahi ʻōpiopio mai kona wahi i noho mau ai ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole o kāna ʻano hana, i kekahi manawa ka wikiwiki a me ka pilikino. Pono nā kānaka e hoʻokaʻawale a noho hou i nā wahi hou, kahi e hiki ai i ka make o nā mea lehulehu.
I ʻEulopa, ua luku pinepine ʻia nā poʻe wili a hoʻopili ʻia no ka kūʻai ʻana i nā terrariums pilikino. I Romania, ua hoʻopilikia hewa loa nā nahe, e hōʻiliʻili i kā lākou momona i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻOiai ua hoʻokele ka mea hoʻomake ma ka hūʻai kokoke i ka ʻāina āpau o ʻEulopa, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e like me nā holoholona. I ke kumu o kēia kumu, ua mālama ʻia ka nahesa i Kelemania i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki.
I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻomaka kekahi līwī maʻamau mai nā wahi he nui i ʻike pinepine ʻia, no laila ʻike ʻia ka reptile i loko o ka Red Book o nā Samara, Moscow, Saratov, Orenburg a me Nizhny Novgorod. Ho‘ouna ʻia ia ma ka Puke Wau o nā republics e like me Mordovia, Tatarstan a me Komi. Hoʻolaha ʻia ke kūlana o ka viper i "he mauʻano ʻano he nui, e kū ana ma ka nui." Pono ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hopena o kā lākou hana, he mea momona no nā māhina o nā manu.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ʻia ia e hoʻohui i kēlā viper maʻamau ʻaʻole weliweli a huhū e like me kā lākou manaʻo iā ia. Lawe ʻia kēia reptile i nā pōmaikaʻi nui ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka helu o nā mea hao koʻikoʻi, he mea lawe pinepine ʻia nā maʻi pōpilikia. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻonaninani i ka lohi o kēia naʻa no ka pono. Mai makaʻu i kahi viper maʻamau, no ka mea me ke kumu ʻole e loaʻa iā ia kāna ʻano hōʻino.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
Hoʻohui like ka hana a ke ʻano o ka viper me ka wā mahana, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia kāna hana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomōhulu o nā lā o ka lā e hoʻomehana i ka honua. Ma hope o ke mahana ʻana o ka lepo i ka mahana ma kahi o 20 tikelika, hoʻomaka nā kāne ma ka honua. Hoʻomaka nā wāhine wahine i ka haʻalele ʻana i ko lākou mau wahi papa i ke mahana ma kahi o 28 tikelika.
ʻAʻohe o nā kikoʻī he mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila pili pono kāna ʻano me kona mau hiki. No laila, no ka hapa nui o nā lā, ʻo ka viper i kahi o kahi e kau ai a iʻike paha ia i ka lā. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka viper ke moe i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i nā kūlana ola. Ke noho maloʻo nei ka reptile, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a kona mau iwi a lele hoʻi ke kino, i hiki ai i ka wela nui loa mai nā kukuna o ka lā. I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, lilo ke kino o ka viper i mea, e like me ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai hiki i ka noho like.
ʻO kekahi manawa hoihoi. He ʻona maikaʻi a ka nahesa i kēlā me kēia manawa, e hiki ke nalo i ka pōʻino a hana i ka hoʻolei i ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea e hiki ai.
ʻO ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, huki ka ʻāwili i kahi pōkole, mai ka waena o ka mea i kū ai kona poʻo i luna, ma kahi ʻāʻī i kālai ʻia, e like me ke ʻano o ka leka "S". Inā pono, e hoʻomaka ka nahe i nā leo weliweli a hoʻolei i mua o kona poʻo. Ma ka manawa like, neʻe ʻo ia i kēia tangle i ke ala o ka pilikia.
I ke awakea a i ʻole ia pō, e hele nui ka viper i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, hoʻāne pinepine ʻo ia a nānā i nā ʻōlaʻi ʻē aʻe, kahi e hūnā ai i nā holoholona like ʻole o kona ʻona.
ʻO ka viper ka ʻike maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi loa o ka ʻono. ʻAe kēia iā ia e komo i loko o nā ʻuā o ka rodents, kahi hiki ke maʻalahi iā ia me ka pākeke a me nā ʻehā.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea ʻahuʻimi ke ʻimi aku i ka ʻai no ia wale nō, akā e ʻona nō, e kali ana a hiki ke hele wale ʻia nā mea make i loko o ka maka o ka wīwī. Inā ʻaʻole ʻaʻole e laki ka nahe, a nalo nō ia, a laila ʻaʻole ia e alualu i kāna mea ʻeha, akā e hoʻokau ʻia a hiki i kāna waʻaono. Inā wīwī ka viper, a laila i kekahi mau lā, ʻaʻole ia e kū i ka maka i ka manawa āpau, akā e waiho mau ia ma kona wahi, e ʻalo ana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka wī ʻahu maikaʻi maikaʻi a i ʻole he mea ʻole i ka holohele ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hana ʻino i mua. No laila, i ka wā e hālāwai ai me ka pōʻino a i ʻole ke kanaka paha, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e lele i kahi palekana, ʻoiai inā hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ʻo ia e lele.
I nā hōʻailona mua o ka hoʻolalelale, e hoʻāʻo nā vipers e noho i loko o ko lākou hoʻoilo "mau keʻena", no laila, ʻaʻole loa e lawe ʻia ka pīhoihoi o kēia mau reptile. I ka manawa like, pono e kaulana ia e kokoke ana i nā mea āpau i ola a hiki i ke kau wai, kahi i pili ai i nā nui o nā wehewehe.
- ʻO nā keʻena no nā vipers, aia nā bale rodent ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka manuahi o ka lepo.
- ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma waena o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi kaiāulu o kekahi mau poʻe i waena o lākou, e hoʻomanahana ana kēlā me kekahi.
- Hiki iā Vipers ke wānana maʻalahi i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka ʻuʻuku o nā mea anuʻu. Pehea lākou e hana ai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema.
I ka hoʻoilo o nā hale "ʻai ʻāina" hoʻopau i nā mahina ʻeono a i ke kauwela wale nō, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela maoli, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka papa o ka honua.
Ehia nā kīpē ola
I ka hihiu, noho nā vipers iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau makahiki ma ka awelika. No kēia ʻano reptile, kēia he wā nui, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā mea i pili maikaʻi i ka kali ʻana o ke ola. Mālama nā Vipers i nā ʻokiʻoki, nā hānai manuahi, a me nā kūlana home, ua noho ʻo 20 mau makahiki i ke ola. A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea e hānai pinepine lākou, noho i nā kūlana kokoke i ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenemi kūlohelohe, a ma waho aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kōkua veterinary.
Hoihoi mai e ike! Ua hōʻike nā loea e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o nā kīpē i ka neʻe o ka moʻa. No laila noho lōʻihi aku ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi anu.
ʻO Venom o kahi pōpō maʻamau
ʻO Viper venom he mea ʻole i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka molekui kiʻekiʻe pākuʻi o nā mea protein e hiki ai ke loaʻa ka hemolytic a me ka necrotizing hopena ma ke ʻano o ke koko. Hoʻohui i nā mea protein, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka pakanui e loaʻa ai nā neurotoxins, he hopena maikaʻi ma ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. ʻOiai ʻo kēia kaomi ʻana o kahi kīwaha maʻamau e alakaʻi pinepine ana i ka make, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe loa ka make ʻana o nā mea hōʻemi. E like me nā keiki, a me nā pōpoki, hiki i kahi ʻapo kuni ʻepaʻi ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi nui, e like me:
- ʻĀʻī haʻōla.
- Hoʻohui koko.
- ʻO ka weheʻana o ka anemia maʻa.
Ma hope o kahi snbite, ʻoiai ma ka hihia o ke kōkua mua a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka olakino, pono ia e nīnau i ke kauka i ka hiki.
ʻO ka Viper venom, ʻokoʻa loa, he mau hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻihoʻi, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hana ʻana o nā analgesic, hoʻopaleʻaleʻa, anti-inflammatory a me nā analgesic lāʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka viper venom e hoʻohana i loko o ka hana o nā maka. I kēia mea, manaʻo ʻo ka viper maʻamau he mea nui ia no ka makemake ʻepekema a me ka ʻepekema.
Hoʻaiho
He wahi ākea ākea loa ka viper maʻamau, no laila hiki ke loaʻa ma ka moku he Eurasian, mai Sakhalin, ʻĀkau o Korea, a me northeast China a hoʻopau ʻana me Spain a me Portugal. Ma kahi o ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkia, ua kahele ʻia ka viper maʻamau i ka wā āpau ma waena o ke Central Strip, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka Arctic a hoʻopau me ka ʻaki ʻaina ma ka hema. I ka manawa like, ka nui o nā lehulehu, e pili ana i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe:
- I nā kūlana ʻaʻole i makemake ʻia no ke ola o nā pōpoki, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kū i luna o 0.15 mau ʻāpana no 1 km o ka huakaʻi.
- I nā kūlana e makemake ʻia no ke ola o ka viper, ʻo ka hohonu o nā mea i hōʻea i nā ʻāpana he 3.5 i hoʻokahi 1 km o ka huakaʻi.
ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā kīnohu ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kaile moha, ma nā keʻa lāʻau, nā puʻu ʻihi nui, ma nā wahi he nui o nā wāwili like a me nā puʻu, ma nā kapa o nā muliwai a me nā kino wai like ʻole. Loaʻa ka Viper i nā kuahiwi, i nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 3 mano mau mika.
Ma ke ʻano he lula, ua ʻokiʻeha nā vipers a ʻike pinepine iā lākou ma mua o 100 mika mai kā lākou mau nests. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hiki i kekahi o nā neʻe o nā pākeke ke lōʻihi a hiki i ka 5 mau kilomita ka hiki, aʻo ka poʻe kīʻī e holo kūpono me nā wai ākea a me nā wai wai ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ʻia nā ʻōkola i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi e noho ai lākou ma kahi pākona, a me nā papa o nā hale ʻē aʻe, me nā māla a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
He aha kā lākou mea e ʻai ai
ʻO ka holoholona hoʻonaʻina o kēia mau reptile ka mea i pili i nā holoholona wela, ʻoiai ke hiki iā lākou ke leʻaleʻa i nā ʻelele i hele a hoʻonaninani ʻia i nā manu, e like me nā baki a me nā kīlā. Aia kekahi manawa i ʻai ai ka nahe i kāna hua. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano manuahi manuahi a hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau baki a he rodents paha ma ka hele hoʻokahi.ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau kuhikuhi, hiki i nā vipers ke noho me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no nā malama ʻeono a i ʻole paha. Ua kau ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona like ma ka pae kaiapuni. O kahi laʻana:
- I ka hoʻoilo, aia ke ʻano o ka viper i ka hoʻohemo o ke animala, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea mālama o kona kino e hōʻoia i nā hana koʻikoʻi.
- Hiki i ka nāhelehele ke mālama ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai.
ʻO nā kumu nui o nā pīpī he puna wai ia no lākou, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā nīnū i ka nele i nā makue ma muli o ka hau a me ka ua.
Pehea e ʻano ai
I kahi i loko o ka makahiki 4 a 5 paha o ke ola, lilo nā vipers i mau kanaka male kanaka makua ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hānai kēia mau reptile i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā wahi anu anu, kahi i hānau ai nā keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻomoe ka wā hānai ma ka mahina o Mei a hiki i 3 mau pule. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa nā vipers i nā huina ʻelua, a i ʻole i hoʻopuli i kekahi mau pōpoki i kahi pōpō. Hoʻoholo ka Males i ke ʻano o nā wahine ma ka honi, aʻo ko lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hakakā maoli e lanakila ai i ke aloha ʻana o nā wahine. ʻO ka mea paha aʻe, ʻo ia kekahi ʻano hana o kona kuʻi kānāwai.
ʻO ke kāne kū i mua o kekahi i kekahi, e hāpai ana i ko lākou mau poʻo a kau iā lākou mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao ma mua. Ua hāhai lākou iā lākou me ko lākou mau kino a like me ka hoʻopili ʻia me lākou, ʻoiai e hoʻokūkū ana kēlā me kēia pākēlē i ka hoʻokūkū i ka hoa kū i ka lepo, e hoʻohuli ana iā ia. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana i kā lākou lāʻau koʻikoʻi e kūʻē i kekahi i kekahi, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e haki ma kēia hoʻohālikelike ʻana. Loaʻa ka mea lanakila i ka wahine e hānai aku i nā wahine. Ua pau ka huakaʻi kāne ma kēia papa, no ka mea, ʻo ka wahine hānai e mālama ana i kāna hua ponoʻī iā ia. I ka hopena o ka lā e moe ai, ua hoʻomaha nā kāne a alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
No nā hui kūleʻa nā viviparous o kēlā ʻohana, no laila, ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua ma loko o nā wahine, a ma hope e hānau ʻia nā keiki i ke kūleʻa no ke ola kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka nui o nā hua humuhumu ma waena o 10 a 20, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ka hua mai nā hua a pau. Hoʻol pinepine pinepine kekahi o lākou i ka wā a laila e hoʻonā, no laila, ma ka awelika e pili ana i ka 10 nāhehole e kau ma luna o ka mālamalama. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hānau ʻia lāua ma kahi he ʻekolu mau mahina, mai ka lā waena o Iulai a hiki i Kepakemapa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā cubs i ka 15 cm lōʻihi, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i nā kope piha o ko lākou mau mākua.
He mea nui ia e ʻike! Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā cubip i hānau ʻia e ka mea like me ke ʻano ʻona ma o ko lākou mau mākua, no laila ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāʻei iā lākou.
Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ua hoʻomaka ka hua ʻōpio e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ma hope o ka laha ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. No ke koena e koe nei ma mua o ke anuanu, e ulu ikaika nā ʻōpio'ōpio, e ʻai ana i nā meakanu a me nā ʻōpala. Hānau lākou i ka pākeke me nā pākeke ma ko lākou mau papa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
I loko o ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe he nui o nā holoholona i makaʻu ʻole i nā aʻai o nā mea mai nā lau. E pili ana kēia:
Hoʻohui ʻia i nā holoholona, ua ʻimi ʻia nā manu e nā manu nīhi e like me:
ʻO ka pinepine, hakakā nā mau lāʻau hānai i nā vipers, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau reptile, ʻaʻole ia he hapa o kā lākou papaʻai. A ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ke ʻīwī he kanaka noʻonoʻo ʻole, i ka wā e pono ai a i ʻole e pono, e luku iā lākou. Pilikia lākou i ka mea e ʻimi ʻia nei lākou e nā nahesa i loaʻa i ka ʻona. Hōʻea nā mea lawaiʻa kūlima i hopu i nā nahe, e like me kēia manawa ua lilo ia i mea hou e mālama pono i nā holoholona i ka home.
Hoʻopau i kahi hana Viper
Nui nā manu i nā ʻalopona i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kūlana noho haʻahaʻa, no laila ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma UK a me Scandinavia. Ma luna o ka millennia, ua hānau ʻia nā kuhi he nui, ka mea i hui pū ʻia me ka makaʻu a ʻike kekahi kanaka i ka wā e hui pū ai me nā nahesa. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia mau mea make, ʻo ka mea pili ʻole i nā ʻano ʻōiwi, he make lākou. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻā kekahi makeahi viper i ka make a he mau wehewehe no kēia. Maʻa nui ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea make, hiki ʻole iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻohālikelike, a ke hoʻōla mau nei ka nahesa iā ia. No laila, ʻaʻole e makaʻu nā pākeke olakino i nā pōpoki viper, akā no nā keiki, me nā poʻe nāwaliwali kekahi, hiki ke make ka viper.
ʻO ka lua ʻoi aku ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka viper he reptile ukiuki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i pili ka pilikia ma nā pōpoki, akā aia i ke kāne iho, ʻo ia paha e hoʻonāukiuki aku i ka viper e hele. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, hoʻāʻo koke ka ʻīlio e hūnā i kona peʻa i ka hiki. ʻO ka mea nui ka nānā nui ʻana o kekahi kanaka a pale i nā wahi pōʻino. Hiki i kēia mau hana ke kāpae i ka hiki ʻana o kahi pōpō viper.
Inā naʻe, inā ua pōpoki ka viper, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i kahi ʻoihana lapaʻau me ka hiki. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe mua ʻana i nā hopena ʻino. No kēia kanaka he mea pono ia e ʻoluʻolu a waiho ʻole me ka neʻe ʻole, e hoʻolako nei iā ia i kahi wai momona.
E like me ke kānāwai, i nā wahi i noho ai nā pōpoki, hoʻomaʻi ʻia nā kānaka no ka mea liʻiliʻi loa nā hopena o kahi ʻeleahi huila. A i ʻole, e hakakā ʻo ke kino no kekahi mau lā. E like me ke ola, hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i kā lākou iho a ma nā hihia liʻiliʻi wale nō e kū mai ai ka make.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Viper
Loaʻa ka ʻike pinepine ʻo Dinnik viper i nā kuahiwi ma ke Kauka ʻo Caucasus. Loaʻa iā ia ke kala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kona mau hoahānau. Ma laila e hiki ai ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kīwaha ʻo Kaznakov, ke kūwili ʻo Lotiev a me ka viper Orlov. ʻIke ʻia wale nō ma nā kuahiwi o nā ʻāpana like o ke Kauka ʻĀkau. Ma nā mauna o Krasnodar Teritori a me Adygea, aia kahi koina, aiʻole he mea ʻoniʻaha.
I loko o ka wahie alahele o ka Lūkia aia ma laila ʻo Nikolsky viper a me ka ʻanuʻu steppe hikina.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka huaʻai ʻona pono ʻo ia ka Sakhalin viper. Noho ʻo ia ma Sakhalin, ma ke Terors Primorsky a me Khabarovsk, a ma ka Mokupuni ʻo Shantar.
ʻO nā mea ʻino nui a me ka weliweli e pili ana i nā pōpoki holoʻokoʻa nui. Aia kekahi ʻano manuhe i Dagestan, ʻo ia gyurza. ʻO ka nahesa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui i loko o kāna ʻohana.
E like me mahalo i ka nahesa!
HoʻopāʻāluaʻO kaʻu wahi holoholona , i mua o ka nui o nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i nā holoholona.
Inā ʻaihue ʻia e kahi mea hoʻohui
Hoʻokele ʻole kahi viper maʻamau i ka mea mua a me nā holoholona (koe wale nō ka poʻe e lawelawe ma kāna waiwai). Ke hālāwai nei i kahi kanaka, e hoʻowalewale ka ʻoki e lele i ka ʻaoʻao a peʻe. I nā hihia e hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia, e ʻānai ʻia ana ʻo ia, e koi ʻia ʻo ia e pale iā ia iho, e hoʻohana ana i nā niho ʻona. Ma nā hōʻemi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka huʻupuʻu he mea momona. I ke kānāwai, hoʻolaʻa nā mea pōpoki i kekahi mau lā. ʻO ka pīpī ʻeha maikaʻi loa i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻoiai inā komo ka hū i loko o kahi kīʻaha koko nui.
Mai kahi huʻahi viper, ke ʻano o ka ʻeha he ʻelua mau huina - he mau ʻalā o nā niho ʻona, a inā hohonu loa ka ʻōpū, a laila ʻike ʻia nā kihi 4.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi poʻe loea ma lalo o nā ʻano kīpē o ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka honi i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka nahe mai ka ʻeha a hiki ke hoʻoku ʻia i ka uha koke ma hope o kahi kiki i loko o 3-10 mau minuke. Akā, he nui nā mea e noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia kīnā ʻole a he hōʻino paha. A ʻo ka mea hoʻi e pono ʻole e hana, ʻo ke kau ʻana i kahi tourniquet i hana ʻia i ke kaula, kahe a i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe, no ka mea e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka kahe koko. ʻAʻole ʻoe e inu i ka wai waipona i ka ʻalo ʻana. Hoʻopuka koke ka hoʻōla i nā kīʻaha koko a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kō ʻana o nā pona.
ʻO ke kōkua maoli i ka mea i hui ʻia o nā niho viper e lawe iā ia i kahi halemai ma kahi hiki, kahi e hoʻonā ʻia ai ia me ka serive antivenom.
ʻOiai me ka pau o ka maʻi ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai e hoʻolaha i ke kaua ma luna o lākou. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o ko lākou ʻano hoʻohiki ʻana i kēia mau nāhelehele, a e emi ana kā lākou makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā wahi he nui. He mea nui loa nā mea o nā vipers i ka ʻoihana kūʻai lapaʻau, no laila e pono e ʻike ʻia nā hana kūpono e pale aku i kēia mau liona.
Hoʻomaopopo!
Inā ʻoe i ʻike i kahi kiʻi o kahi ʻīwī, a laila ʻike paha ʻoe ua uku ʻia ke ʻano iā lākou me kahi nui. ʻO ka manawa pinepine hiki ke hālāwai i nā kāne o ka hina hina a me nā wahine - brown. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke kala me nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻoki a me nā ʻeha e hele i ka kua.
Mea ʻai
I kēia manawa ʻike mākou i ke ʻano o ka nahesa pana, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea e makemake ai ʻo ia e like me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka mea mua, he poʻe poʻe ʻūpī e kali ana i kā lākou waiwai a me ka hoʻouka ʻana mai kahi wahi huna a kūlana ʻole.
Holo pinepine lākou i ka hopu ʻana i ka pō, no ka mea i kēia manawa ke loaʻa ko lākou mea kūpono ma mua o ka ʻike, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ke ʻike iā lākou i ia ʻano.
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai he mau momi liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā baki a me nā mea kīwī paha. Me nā poʻe kīwī liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu loa nā mea āpau - ʻokoʻa ka ʻiʻo no lākou, no ka nui, a no laila e hauʻoli i nā pōpū, nā pahuhopu a me nā ʻūhini hoʻi.
Kanikau
Ma mua, ua kuhi mākou inā he ʻalona nā nahe a i ʻole, a no laila, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e lilo nā ʻenemi o kēia ʻano holoholona he poʻe makaʻu ʻole lākou i kā lākou mea make, a hiki ke hoʻokō me ka ʻīwili inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae. Hiki i nā pōpoki ke noho no kahi mau makahiki he 20, akā hiki i kā lākou mau makahiki ke hōʻoki ʻia e kahi badger, fox a ferret paha.
Makemake pū nō wau i ka ʻū ʻana aku i nā puaʻa manuahi - ʻoiai kēia ka hihia me ka mālama ʻole ʻana o ka ʻenemi i nā mea ʻawa o ka ʻeleahi. Hoʻopopopo maoli nā poli manuahi i ka mea ʻala o kēia nahesa, a no laila, mai kānalua e hoʻouka iā lākou inā hiki.
Viper a i ʻole
ʻO kekahi mea kaulana loa i kā mākou ʻāina, a no ke kumu. ʻO nā mea āpau no ka viper ka mea nui i waena o nā ʻāina CIS. I waho, he ʻano like like lākou, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke iho me ka makaʻu, a ʻeha nui paha.
ʻO ka mea mua e pono e nānā pono i ka helehelena, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi like. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka nahesa he mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo. Mahalo paha lākou he melemele, akā mau nō naʻe.
Eia nō hoʻi, e nānā i ka nui - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā nahesa i ka ʻoi aku o nā vipers, akā ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e laki. I kēia hihia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻoe i nā nahesa ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka mea maʻamau, a i ʻole lōʻihi lōʻihi.
I kēia hihia, e nānā pono aku i ka huelo - he mea pōkole loa, akā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ʻelee. I ka hihia o ka nahesa, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea kū - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ʻoi. ʻAe, ʻo ka mea maopopo loa o nā fangs, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nahesa iā lākou, akā ua mau nō ka mea ʻawaʻawa.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka mea pana pua
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā inoa ʻoi he mau kānaka holo kaʻa, no ka mea ua lohi loa lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolimalima i ka lā holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ka neʻe ʻole ʻana. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka dusk, lilo nā nahesa i ikaika a hoʻomaka i kā lākou punahele punahele.
E hoʻomaopopo he hiki nui i nā kānaka nui ke moe lōʻihi, me ka manaʻo e hāʻule ka mea make i ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia, a laila hiki ʻole ke kīleʻaleʻa manawa i ka manawa e leʻaleʻa i ka mea i hele mai ʻo ia iā ia e like me kahi pāʻina.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o nā vipers ka mea hele maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻike kaukau ʻana, no lākou e hele i ke kahawai ākea a i ʻole ka nui o ka wai i ke ʻano he mea kolohe.
Eia paha ke kumu i loaʻa pinepine ai nā vipers ma nā kaila o nā wai wai, akā ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e ʻūhū i nā pōpuna, a ma aneʻi lākou e hoʻohilahila ʻia nei. Hoʻohana pinepine ka poʻe i ka huaʻōlelo "swamp teeming me nā vipers", ʻaʻole kēia me ke ʻano maʻamau.
Makemake nui nā poʻe kīpē e noho i nā ʻāina ʻāina
ʻIke ka poʻe a pau he nāhelehele ʻole ʻia o nā manamana, ʻaʻole naʻe e hoʻopilikia iā lākou. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe ʻōwili wale aku me ke kōkua o kā lākou palani kūlohelohe a me nā ʻāpana palu. Ma ka ʻoluʻolu o nā mea hoʻohālikelike i waena o nā pōhaku, hiki i nā mea kolo e hana i kahi wikiwiki kūpono.
Akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻo Iēhova i kēia mau mea i ka lohe maikaʻi a me ka ʻike. I nā nahesa, ua hala ʻole ka wehe o ka auditory, a ua uhi ʻia nā ʻeke o ka maka i ka uhi polū ʻiliʻili. Hoʻopili ʻia nā maka o nā pūpili, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke aniani.
Ua maopopo maoli ia mai ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele mea ʻona make. ʻO ka mea wale nō i kēia papaʻaʻohe kau i ka pōʻino i nā kānaka. Nā hōʻailona o kahi ʻōwili: He nui nā niho a nā ʻīlio i hōʻiliʻili i nā meaʻala.
I loko o ke kiʻi he ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele
Hoʻopuka ʻia nā mea i ʻole e nā kime pili e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā maka, a ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā niho o nā kahu. ʻO ka mea mahalo, loaʻa nā ʻano niho like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka canine paau ma luna o ka iwi, he mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau.
No laila, inā pani ʻia ka waha o ka nahesa, ua noho ka niho i kahi kūlana, akā inā e hāmama ka mea ola i kona waha, lilo ka ʻuʻā i mea ʻona - noho ia i kahi kūlana kū.
Hoʻopuka maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka nahesa i manaʻo ʻia i ka maʻi maʻamau. Loaʻa kēia reptile i ka hapalua mika, akā ʻike ka poʻe nui loa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo mai ka welau o ka huelo he 80 kenimika.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka viper ʻo kona hiʻohiʻona zigzag
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kumu o kona poʻo, he ʻoluʻulu ia, aʻo kēia ʻāpana e kū ākea i kahi kino ākea. Ua hāʻawi ka ʻūloʻi i nā vipers me kahi nui o nā kuʻi - mai inconspicuous grey a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Aia kekahi pūpū ʻōleʻele, ʻoliva, kālā, pākī wīwī.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka kala i kahi uliuli zigzag e holo ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole pinepine e hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kahi mea hoʻohui me nā pōuliuli e waiho ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Ma ke poʻo o nā mea pīpī he mea hōʻailona mana hōʻailona i ke ʻano o ka leka V a i ʻole X.
Ma waena o ke kikowaena o nā maka, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo kahi e hele ai i loko o ka wahi a pau o ke poʻo. He mea kupaianaha: i helu ai ka nahesa i ka helu o nā unahi ma ke kino o ka nahesa a ʻike ʻia a puni ke kino i ka waena o laila he 21 mau unahi (ʻoi ʻole 19 a 23 paha).
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole e hānai i ka nahesa i ka poʻe hala ʻole. Eia wale nō inā ʻaʻole e mālama ʻia kahi huakaʻi hele, ke hoʻolako ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kūpono. Kahi ʻia kēlā mau ʻōlapa e kapa ʻia he aloha. Makemake ʻo ia i ka haʻalele koke i kahi e ʻike ai a hūnā ʻia.
Steppe viper. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā mea pīpī he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa i ka nui o nā ʻano ma mua, a ʻokoʻa kekahi kanaka pākeke, e like me ka maʻamau, hiki ʻole i hiki i ka hapa hapa mika. ʻAʻole e like me kona hoahānau, kahi viper maʻamau, ʻo ka huina steppe loaʻa he kohu, nā miki i hoʻonui ʻia.
Loaʻa i nā pōkole nā maka maka maikaʻi ʻole, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e kāna wikiwiki
ʻO ka nostrils i hōʻoki ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka septum. Loaʻa hoʻi kahi mākī pihi ʻihi ma ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala ma ke ʻano he nui. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao. Inā e huli i ka reptile ma kou kua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hina hina o kona ʻōpū me nā nui he nui o ka pale kukui.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike ʻaʻa wāwae steppe a viper venom, laila, ʻo ka koho mua loa e hoʻēmi ʻia no ke kanaka. Kālā popo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi ʻono o nā nahesa ʻAmelika. He kanaka paʻa paʻa kēia.
Loaʻa a Gabon viper i ʻApelika
He mānoanoa kona kino - 2,0 mau mika a ʻoi aku paha, a ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe momona e hōʻea nei ma ka 8-10 kg. He mea kupaianaha loa ka nahesa i kona kaila ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia ka mea i like me kahi kāmela hana lima i hana ʻia.
Hoʻopiha ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi me nā ʻano ʻano geometric like ʻole o nā kaila saturated aniani - pink, cherry, lemon, waiū, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ʻīlio me kekahi o ka mea make loa, akā ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi loa ia, he nui ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia he pilikia e like me ka manaʻo o nā mea āpau.
Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e ka piko o ka huelo me ka makaʻu ʻole no ke olakino, hoʻihoʻi, akā ʻaʻole makemake ia e hana i kahi ʻano formidable. Akā ʻoiai he mea kūpono ʻole e hoʻowalewale i ka nahesaʻu, no ka huhū ke noho mau nei ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi a hiki ʻole paha ke "kipi" me ia.
I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka viper Gabon ka mea lōʻihi loa, piha piha i ka ʻawa. E nānā ana kiʻi pua Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā alaloa o nā reptile.
Oh.ʻO nā nahesa ʻaʻole i nā mākaona ʻona o nā poʻe ʻeleahi. ʻĀmanana kē mai nā vipers hiki ma nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. Eia kekahi, he pōkole lākou o nā maka, a ma nā ʻano ʻatikala i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau, ua kuʻiki ʻia ka haumāna a paʻa pono.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kēia ʻano nahesa i ka zigzag ma kona kua. ʻOiai ka like o ka kala o ka nahe a ka wai i like me ka kala o ka viper, no ka mea he nui ka poʻe i hilahila i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā wahi i loaʻa ai kahi ʻano lāʻau gyrus ma ke kuahiwi.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi wai wai, ka mea, ma muli o kahi kala like, ʻūhū pinepine ʻia nā vipers poʻomanaʻo
Akā kokoke e ʻike ʻoe ua hūnā ʻia nā kaʻawale, ʻaʻole i huki ʻia kahi zigzag intermittent. Kahi ʻia mai ke poʻo a ka oʻo o ka huina o ke poʻo a me ke kūlohelohe i ka helehelena, ʻaʻole ke poʻo nona ke poʻo.
Kālā
Kuhi ʻia ka viper maʻamau i ka mosaic i loko o ka ululāʻau ʻo Eurasia mai Great Britain, ʻo Farani a me Italia hoʻi ma ke komohana i Sakhalin a me nā panini Korea ma ka hikina. I Palani, aia ka home nui i loko o ka Central Massif. I ʻEulopa, ka palena hema o ka palena e kahe ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Italia, ʻĀsia o Albania, ʻĀkau o Greece a me ʻEulopa ka ʻāpana o Turkey. I ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, komo kekahi i ka ʻili i ka ʻAlika Arctic - no ka laʻana, ke noho nei ʻo ia ma Lapland Nature Reserve a ma nā kahakai o ke Kaiʻula. Ma ka hikina - ma Siberia a me ka Far East - hoʻohele ʻia i nā wahi he nui ma ka hapa ʻole o nā pono hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻIke ʻia ka mea hou ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ma ke kahawai ʻo Lena a hiki i ka ʻanuʻu 62nd, ma Western Siberia a hiki i ka ʻona 64, kahakaha ma ka ʻaoʻao o Transbaikal Territory. Mai ka hema, ua kaupalena ʻia ka laulima i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana. Aia ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka māhele ʻina ʻia ma Mongolia (Mongolia Altai), ʻākau komohana a me ke kahakai ʻo China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region a me Jilin Province).
Ke noho maʻamau
Hiki i ka ola make ke 15, a e like me kekahi mau kumu, a hiki i 30 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike ma Suetona ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio ma hope o ke ʻano o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka ulu ʻana, ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā ʻōpiopio, e hāʻawi ana i nā makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki. Hoʻopili koke ka mea kīwī i kekahi ʻāina, i ka Swiss Alps ua piʻi i ka 2600 m ma luna o ke kai. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano heʻenehana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hikina o ka awāwa, kahi e ulu pinepine ai ka naheka i ka pops pit, moorlands, clarified i hui ʻia, nā ʻāpana o nā wahi wai, nā ʻōpala wai, nā pā o nā pā, nā pālapa, nā ʻeleʻele. Ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ka hapa nui o nā biotopes i nā haʻahaʻa kūwau i nā wahi mauna. Hoʻolahalaha ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi kūpono no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kaumaha, ma ke ʻano kānāwai, ʻaʻole e neʻe hou i kahi 60-100 mau mika. ʻO ka hoʻoleʻaleʻa ua neʻe i ka neʻe i ka wahi i ka hoʻoilo, nā nahesa i kēia hihia ke hiki ke hele i kahi mamao o 2-5 km. Hana pinepine ka hoʻoilo mai ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa a Malaki-ʻApelila (ma muli o ke kihi), ma ka ʻākau o ka awela he mau manawa a he 9 mau mahina, kahi e koho ai ka nahesa i ke kaumaha ma ka lepo (burrows, crevices, etc.) i ka hohonu o 2 mika, kahi ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka mahana i lalo + + ... +4 ° C. I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā wahi like, hiki i nā haneli he mau mea i hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hoʻokahi, e kū ana i ka wai i ka pūnāwai, e hāʻawi ai i nā manaʻo nui. Ma hope, heleʻe nā ʻōlapa.
I ke kauwela, i kekahi manawa he pupu i ka lā, akā no ka hapa nui e hū ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻōpala kahiko, i loko o nā crevices, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hanana wale nō o ka helehelena ākea o ke kanaka a i ʻole ka hoʻonāukiuki ma kona ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ia ke hoʻāinu iā ia. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo e ka pono me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pono ai ia i ka nui o ka ikehu e hoʻohua ai i ka ʻona i loko o ke ʻano loli.
Pahu nui ʻo ia i nā rodents like-mouse, amphibians a me nā mea mōlia, a me nā ʻūhā manu nūnū e waiho ana ma ka lepo. Hiki paha ke kaona o nā mea ʻokoʻa like ʻole like ʻole ke loaʻa ma ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia a ma kahi wahi i hāʻawi ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā pōpoki ma Netherlands, ua hōʻike ʻia e makemake lākou i nā ʻōpala a me nā palaho pī, a me nā mea viviparous. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, hina ka hina a me ka nui o ka nahele, nā shrews, spindles, chicks, skates, a me nā buntings i ka nui i kaʻai. Hoʻokomo nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpio - ʻūlū, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpua i nā ʻōpala i nā pōpoki, nā popo, nā mea a me nā ʻōpala. I ka manawa e hiki ai lākou i 30 cm ka lōʻihi, hoʻomaka ko lākou kīʻai me ke ʻano o ka pāʻai a nā pākeke. Ma mua o kā lākou hānau mua ʻana i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa, ʻaʻohe lākou mea ʻai, no ka mea i mua o ka'āina hānau, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā meaʻai a pau e ʻae i ka pilikia o ka metabola.