Ka mea hiki ʻole i ka poʻe ma kahi o ka honua i ʻike ʻole ʻia me nā kiʻī. ʻOiai ko lākou nānā ʻoluʻolu, kūleʻa lākou, ke kumu aku nei lākou i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka nui o ka heluna o ka honua. A eia hoʻi kekahi, e makemake paha e makemake e ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā kiʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
Holoholona holoholona mammal, rodent order a me murine suborder. ʻO ka Rats, ma ke ala, pili like i nā kiʻī a pili pū i ka palapala hana like. ʻO ka pūʻulu rodent kekahi o ka nui loa. ʻAʻohe wahi o ka honua e holo ʻole ai kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī loa kekahi zona maoli no lākou, ʻaʻole nā wahi maloʻo a me nā wahi i uhi ʻia i ka hau.
Hoʻohālikelike lākou iā lākou i nā kūlana ola hou i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke makaʻu ʻia e kekahi ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, noho nā rodents i loko o nā lua, akā loaʻa ka ʻai no lākou iho ma ka papa o ka honua. ʻO ka mau ʻona, ʻo ka laʻana, ke alakaʻi wale nei i ke ala ola o ke ola, ʻoiai ko lākou mau minks ponoʻī.
ʻO nā kinikini paʻi kiʻi hoʻomohala ma ka mauʻu
Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o ke kino o kekahi kaila maʻamau - ʻaʻole ʻoi loa kona lōʻihi ma mua o 10 cm, a ʻo 30 kona kaupaona wale nō, he liʻiliʻi ka muzzle, akā mau pepeiao nui a me nā maka. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia - pono ke kū pono nā kiʻi a mālama pono a mālama i kahi maka pōʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻoi ka lālā ʻoi loa ka nani o ke kino o kēia holoholona.
ʻAʻole kapa iki ka lole, ma ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Eia kekahi, inā nānā ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kani ʻana i ke kala. ʻAʻole naʻe hopohopo ʻo ka kiʻo ponoʻole i kona nani, no ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kona kino holoʻokoʻa i ola i loko o nā kūlana, ʻoi aku ka mea o ka mea nui.
Maʻa ke kūpaʻa, hilinaʻi a elastic ke kala, hina ke kala me nā aniani ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea nāna e hūnū i ka holoholona mai kahi nānā aku, wikiwiki, wikiwiki, brisk, dexterous, kēlā me kēia wahi o ka kino e hoʻohanohano ʻia e ka manawa no kona mau hana kūikawā a kāʻei pū me lākou inā ʻaʻole ola ka holoholona i ko mākou mau lā mai ka Paleocene.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ke kino o kēia rodent ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana niho. He mau molars a me nā pōkole nunui o ka mea mauʻu ʻaʻole he aʻa, a ma muli o kēia e ulu mau ai lākou ma kahi o 1 mm i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole i ulu nui kēlā mau niho i nā nui weliweli a, maʻalahi wale, kūpono i loko o ka waha, ua ʻāʻī nā ʻiole i kaomi mau iā lākou.
He mea hoihoi loa ka ʻike i nā ipukena. Kūkulu ʻia ia mea, no ka mea e pono ai lākou e ʻike i nā pōpilikia ma kahi mamao loa. Akā ma nā kiole keʻokeʻoʻo ia ka mea e noho nei e like me ka ʻoihana holoholona me nā maka hewaliwali o kahi mau maka nāwaliwali o ke kumu maʻalahi ʻaʻole pono lākou e hūnā mai ka weliweli.
He pīhoihoi ka nui o nā isika he ʻike maka, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka gamut piha piha. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻike iki nā rodents i ka aila melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōuli a me ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
I ke kiʻi he kiʻo keʻokeʻo
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o nā rodents
He liʻiliʻi ka hapa nui o nā rodents a ʻaʻole i kaupaona ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 grama. Aia kekahi liʻiliʻi nui nā holoholona nui, kahi i kū mai ai ka capybara: hiki i kāna huakaʻi ke hiki i 66 kg (ʻoi aku ka nui e pili ana i ka capybara ma aneʻi).
ʻO ka mea nunui i waena o nā rodents ka capybara. Nani ke kau he 10 mau tausani kaukani keu aku.
A ʻo kahi rodent liʻiliʻi loa he jerboa dwarfish, nona kona kaupaona 3 kekona wale nō.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā rodents he lāʻau ʻalani a mālamalama, nā wāwae pōkole a me kahi huelo. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, ua loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano i nā limu elongated, kūpono i ke ola ma nā pāpū grassy (agouti a me ka paki).
ʻO Agouti (Dasyprocta leporine)
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Rodents hele mai i ka ʻōlelo Latin rodere, ʻo ia ke ʻano o "hakahaka".
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā rodents nā paila o luna a me lalo o nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia, koi nui, e ulu mau ana i nā mea kanu aʻa ʻole. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka holoholona ke milo i ka peel a peʻa paha e kiʻi i ka meaʻai e kū nei i loko. ʻAʻohe o lākou manuana, akā aia kahi ʻano paʻa o nā molola, hiki ke mālama pono lākou i kekahi mea ʻai. Ma waena o nā mea incisors a me nā molars he nui kahi nui - kahi diastema: hiki ke huki ʻia nā lehelehe e pale ai i ka waha mai ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea incisors.
ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ka huina o nā niho he nui i ʻo 22. ʻO ka mea wale nō ka mea i aloha ʻia ka palahalaha o Central a me East Africa, he 28 mau niho.
No ka hānai ʻana i nā rodents i ka hana hānai, ua hāpū nā mea kanu o lākou a ulu i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopau mau ʻia lākou ma nā mea paʻa o ke ʻāʻī haʻahaʻa.
He mea hoihoi paha ke ʻano o nā ʻūʻā o nā ʻulā o nā rodents. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia mau ʻōiwi, ua ʻōiwi wale nei, ʻaʻole wale e alakaʻi ana i ka iwi ʻeha i luna, akā ke neʻe nei hoʻi i mua e hāʻawi i ka hiki ke ʻōloʻomaʻi. I nā rodents Paleocene i hala, ua emi iki ka pūhulu masticatory a nawaliwali i mua o ka pale ʻana. I nā ʻōhua proteinaceous, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka masticatory ka palahalaha i mua o ka umauma i mua o ka orbit, aʻo ka mahele ʻāpana e pili wale ana i ka lawe ʻana mai i ka ʻaha haʻahaʻa. I nā kiʻi, ʻelua pōkole nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka masticatory ma waho (a i loko a me loko), e hāʻawi ana i ka hana maikaʻi loa o nā neʻe ʻana.
Aneane aneane āpau ka mālama ʻana a ka neʻe, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā wāwae a me nā lima. Hōʻalo nā manamana lima i nā lehelehe, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i kekahi mauʻano burrowing (Cape digger). Hoʻokaʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻaoʻao lāʻau ʻAmelika Hema (agouti) no ka holo a me ka holo lima lima - i ka wā neʻe lākou e hilinaʻi wale i nā ʻōlelo o ko lākou manamana lima. Ua like lākou me kā lākou mau puʻu manu. I ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano semi-aquatic lifestyle (beavers), ua paʻa ka pūnaewele. ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā lālā o ka poʻe pīpī, ʻaʻole pono ke holo wāwae, nā poʻe lele a me nā jerboa e noho nei ma nā wao e hiki ke holo ma ka wao ma ka wikiwiki o 50 km / h!
He lei lāʻau anatomical kahi Rodent tail. No laila, no kahi beaver, ākea ia a pālahalaha a hoʻolālā ʻia no ka ʻauʻau wikiwiki ma lalo o ka wai. I ka muskrat, ka pipi ʻia i ka wā ma hope a ua hoʻohana ʻia i rudder. ʻO ka pōkole ʻo Kangaroo, nā poʻe puehe māmā a me ka jerboas i kahi ʻāpana lōʻihi, i kekahi manawa me ka huluhulu lauoho ma ka hope, a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka launa launa ʻana. I kekahi mau manu liʻiliʻi (mouse-pēpē), hopu ke ʻili a i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lima. Ke manuahi nei nā loea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā (flim squirrel), he fluffy ke kāʻei a hāʻawi i ke kaulike a me ke kākoʻo hou aku. I kekahi mau hamsters, ʻaʻole pōkole loa ka huelo, ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā puaʻa ʻehā like ʻole.
ʻO ka Rodents he nui cecum nui (appendix) i loaʻa nā momona flora, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka wāwahi o cellulose.
ʻO nā ʻelima o nā ʻohana ʻekolu (hamsters, gophers and sacculent) he mau peke pouna ʻole. ʻO nā uhi o ka ʻili o ka ʻili e hele i loko mai nā kihi o ka waha, i kekahi manawa i ka pae o ka poʻohiwi. Hiki i nā holoholona ke huli iā lākou i waho no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeke e lawe i ka meaʻai a hāʻawi i nā holoholona i hana i nā mea hoʻihoʻi hoihoi. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi hamster maʻamau ke mālama i nā manawa 90 i nā lako i loko o kāna mau pantry!
Maalea ka poʻe Rodents a hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hana maʻalahi e kiʻi i ka meaʻai. Ua maʻalahi lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole e pale i ka maunu ʻawaʻawa wikiwiki.
Kūkulu nui ko lākou ʻano o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe. ʻO nā maka he nui nā nocturnal. I ka hoʻohuiʻana i kēia, ua lako nā mea āpau i ka pulupulu lōʻihi (vibrissa).
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā kahe ma nā wahi me nā climates, pono lākou e hoʻololi i nā kūlana ola like ʻole, a me nā kiʻi a ʻaʻohe like, akā he mau ala e hoʻohuli ʻia:
- Nā hana a puni ka makahiki. Kuhi kēia mau holoholona i "lā ua" i ka makahiki a puni.
- Akā hiki iā lākou ke hana me ke kīhai ʻole, inā ʻo kahi o ko lākou wahi e noho ai, nā hale kūʻai, nā hale a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai paha,
- Ka neʻe ʻana i ka hana - kokoke ke hoʻoilo, hele ka ʻiole mai ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe i nā wahi i kokoke i ka noho kanaka, a i ka pūnāwai ua hoʻi lākou i kēlā,
- I mea e mālama ai i ke ʻano wela o ke kino i nā wela wela a me ke anuanu, pono e neʻe nui ka kiʻi, a no ka mea, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o nā meaʻai.
ʻO ke kō holo ola holoʻokoʻa o kēia rodent e hilinaʻi i ka mahana o ke kino. Inā ʻaʻole holo ka kiʻī i ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻokaʻawale ia, a inā ʻaʻole ia e neʻe i ke kauwela, i ka wā wela, e hoʻāla ke kino i ka wela nui e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i ka holoholona.
No laila, ʻo ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka kiʻi me ka neʻe o ka neʻe - e loaʻa ana i ka meaʻai, ka ʻai, e komo pū me nā pāʻani me ka ulu ʻana i nā hua. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka neʻe nui i nā ʻiole me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli. No laila ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou home, ʻo ia ka, eli i nā lua, e pale i ko lākou pūnaewele mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe.
Mai manaʻo i kēlā kaʻuʻuku ʻīkeo - he mea makeʻe. I ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i kona hale, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i kahi holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka kaila ʻo ia iho. Inā noho ka kiʻi ma kahi kahi i ka manawa mau, a laila ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a me ia e hoʻomaha iki a me nā manawa.
Inā inā mau ka poʻe i ka maʻamau o nā pōloli, a laila ʻaʻole nui ka mau kiʻi "ka hilahila" - ke hamu ke keʻena, hiki iā lākou ke hele e ʻimi i ka ʻai i ke ao. Eia nō naʻe, inā mālama ʻia ka ʻiole me he holoholona, no laila pono ia e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano o ka mea nona. Noho kēia mau holoholona i nā pūʻulu, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kahi kanaka kaʻawale kahi e hana i nā lako nui, e loaʻa ka ʻai a ʻike i ka pōpilikia i ka manawa.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ola ma kahi ʻohana iole ʻo ia nō ʻaʻole kekaho o ke ao - kūloe kekahi mau pilikia koʻikoʻi, ka mea, ma ke ʻano kānāwai, hemo lākou ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻai. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoiai pinepine lākou e ʻānai pū a hana pū me lākou.
ʻO kekahi holoholona hihiu he holoholona hihiu a mālama i nā kānāwai o kāna ʻohana. Mai kahi mai noho kekahi holoholona i kēia ʻohana, hilinaʻi hoʻi kāna hana. ʻO ia ke alakaʻi e koho i nā wā o ala ala a hoʻomaha hoʻi me kāna mau luna. Eia kekahi, hoʻāʻo nā kiʻī palu e ʻeli i nā poka a loaʻa kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī i ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai ke poʻo o ka ʻohana, i ʻole e hopu hou i kona maka.
ʻO ka uluʻana Rodent
Mai kahi kuhi e hōʻike nei, ʻo ka rodents he pūʻulu ʻōpio e mālama i nā kuhikuhi he nui ʻole i ʻike ʻia o nā ʻano pakanā.
ʻO nā koena kahiko o nā rodents a hiki i ka hopena o ka manawa Paleocene (57 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) a ma kēia manawa ua hana mua nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka maka.
No nā ʻohana kahiko ka ʻohana nona ka proteinaceous (Paramyidae).
I ka wā o Eocene (55-34 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) ua ulu nui ka ulu ʻana o ka rodent, a ma kona hopena, lele, eli, a me nā ʻano nā mea hana.
Ma ka palena o ka Eocene a me Oligocene (34 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) he nui nā ʻohana i ʻike ʻia i noho mua i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, a ma Miocene (ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala), ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana e noho ana i kēia lā i hana ʻia.
ʻO ka hanana nui loa paha ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana i nā rodents ka mea iʻike i ka hopena o ka Miocene (ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki i hala aku nei) ma Europe o ka ʻohana Muridae. Ma ka Pliocene, hoʻomaka lākou i loko o ka moku ʻo Timor i Ausetalia, kahi i loli wikiwiki ai nā loli éhololi. Ma ka manawa like, loaʻa ka kiʻi i ʻAmelika Hema, e komo ana mai ka ʻākau mai ke kahawai ʻo isthmus e pili pū ana me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i hopena ʻia ai ka hoʻomakehū o nā hamsters ʻAmelika Hema.
Mea ʻai
Ma ka maʻamau o kēia mau holoholona e noho nei i kahi kūlohelohe kai e hānai ana i ka cereals, stalks witi, nā hua kanu. Makemake lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu - nā hua o nā lāʻau, nā hua lāʻau a me nā mea āpau i loaʻa mai ka mea kanu. Inā pili kēia koʻokoʻo kokoke i kahi noho kanaka, a laila ʻokoʻa loa kāna papa kuhikuhi.
Eia, ua ʻai ʻia ka ʻai, nā mea kanu, a me ka sausage - ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa nā kiʻoni i ke koho ʻana. Aia nō kekahi e ʻai nā ʻiole i ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali, akā e kūkaʻa inā e paʻa pū nā ʻiole i ka pā hale a ʻaʻohe wahi e ʻai ai i ka meaʻai. Hana like ʻo Rats.
Inā ua hoʻokō ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi kiʻī he manu, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai me ka cereals, berena, cheese, nā mea kanu, me kekahi mea kanu mea kanu, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka mālama ʻana i kahi meaʻai i kokoke i ka meaʻai maoli o kēia mau holoholona. E hānai i kāu holoholona i hoʻokahi lā i kahi lā, ʻoi loa ka lawehala me kēia mau maʻi.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
ʻO ka kaila ʻana o nā kahe ka mea e ʻole nā lōʻihi a me kahi lōʻihi preludes. ʻO ke kānāwai, ua ʻoniʻo ke kāne i ka wahine ma ka honi, loaʻa iā ia a me nā moena. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, e lawe mai ka wahine mai 3 a 10 mau mice. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpiopio a he kapa ʻole, akā e ulu wikiwiki nei. I ke kakahiaka nui 30 lā, lilo ka wahine liʻiliʻi i ka moekolohe, a hiki i ke kāne ke ulu makua ma 45 mau lā.
He mea maʻalahi kēia i wehewehe ʻia e ka mea nui ʻole o ke ola o kēia rodent i ka lōʻihi, ʻo 2-3 mau makahiki wale nō. Akā, ʻo ka wahine hiki i ka hua i nā manawa he 3-4 i ka makahiki, ua hoʻihoʻi ka nui o ka lehulehu.
Pēlā i hana like ʻia (Myomorpha)
Nā Māhele o ʻewalu ʻohana:
- ʻīkeo
- ʻole,
- jerboa,
- molole,
- kakama,
- makala
- lāpelo pīpī
- lākaʻaiki-hamster.
Ma kahi kokoke i 2/3 o nā ʻano lāʻau āpana nona nā Murine ʻohana wale nō (haumānaae). Aia kēia ʻohana ka 1303 mau mea i ʻike ʻia, a e hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kēia helu ma muli o ka ʻike hou. Ua kahele ʻia nā kiʻi a puni ka honua, e pili ana iā ʻAmelika a me New Guinea, kahi lākou e ʻai wale ai i ka mammals placental terestrial (ʻaʻole helu i ka helu i nā mea hoʻohana manuahi). Hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻohana o nā ʻiole a me nā mauʻu ʻē aʻe.
Kūlana pua (Apodemus agranius)
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻelele o nā nole mole ʻohana (Spalacidae) i ka ola lalo o ka ʻāina. Ua pau kā lākou mau maka ma lalo o ka ʻili, a nalo nā ʻilikai a me ke kāʻei.
ʻO nā kiole mole (Spalax microphthalmus)
I kahi ākea nui a liʻiliʻi paha, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana jerboa (Dipodidae) no ka lele a i ke au hoʻi ʻana.
Lāliʻi lōʻihi iā Jerboa (Euchoreutes naso)
Palapala Kūmole (Sciuromorpha)
Nā manaʻo ʻekolu o nā ʻohana:
ʻO ka ʻohana squirrel (Sciuridae) ka lua o ka ʻohana like ʻole ma hope o ka ʻohana mouse, a he 273 mau ʻano lāʻau. Kūpono nā ʻelele o nā baiki i loko o ʻEulopa, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kahi baʻi maʻamau he mea kaulana loa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā Gophers, nā chipmunks a me nā marmots.
ʻO ka Lini Palena (Sciurus vulgaris)
ʻO Sonya (Gliridae) i ka helehelena he laʻa ma waena o nā kiʻī a me nā baea. ʻO kēia wale nō nā rodents ʻaʻole he cecum, e hōʻike ana i kahi helu cellulose i kā lākou meaʻai.
ʻO nā ʻano wale nō o ka ʻohana Aplodontiidae he applause (mountain beaver).
Māhele Beaver (Castorimorpha)
Wahi a ʻekolu ʻohana:
Nā Beavers (Castoridae) - nā koʻikoʻi rodents me nā pou pipi a me nā lima ikaika. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he beaver. Kaulana nui ʻo ia no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka ʻāina i loko o kā lākou noho. Me ke kōkua o nā incisors ikaika, ua hāʻule ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau, kūkulu i nā ʻōpū a me nā pulupua mai kēia mea akene (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā beavers ma kēia ʻatikala).
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana gopher (Geomyidae) i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma lalo iho i kā lākou kikowaena hāmeʻa. He puka aku i waho o ke ʻano o ka molula.
Plain gopher (Geomys bursarius)
ʻO nā ʻōpū o Hapatopods (Heteromyidae) nā ʻōpū nocturnal e noho ana i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ʻAmelika.
Māhele Koho Porcupine (Hystricomorpha)
Hoʻopili kēia ʻana i kahi ʻano 300 i loko o nā ʻohana 18 (agoutium, porcupine, guinea pig, digger, chinchilla, rock rat, etc.).
ʻO ka hapa nui, he mau kiʻī nui kēia e noho nei i loko o ʻAmelika Hema a me Central. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka porcupines, guinea puaʻa, ʻeliala, nutria, chinchillas, a me nā mea i kaulana loa.
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Erethizon dorsatum)
Like Suborn Thorn-like (Anomaluromorpha)
Loaʻa i 2 ʻohana:
ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana mua (Pedetidae) i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi ʻano lāʻau - he strider e noho ana ma nā pāpū ʻApika. ʻO kēia holoholona e like me ka kangaroo miniatur.
Dolphin (Kiʻekiʻa capensis)
Pahu ʻo nā kūnākū (Anomaluridae) mai nā māla ulu ʻAmelika e like me ka squirrels, akā pili pū kekahi me lākou.
Malika Liana (Zenkerella insignis)
Ka noho ʻana ʻo Rodent
Noho ka nui rodents i nā ʻohana a i nā koloni paha, pinepine loa. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka nui o nā koloa ʻīlio meʻa ke hōʻea i 5 mau tausani. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻokahi ʻano loiloi o nā ʻano holoholona e hiki ke pale i kā lākou ʻai ʻai mai nā mea hoʻokūkū. I loko o lākou, nā mea noho o nā anuʻu anuʻo a me nā wao - nā hamsters a me nā kiʻi wīwī.
Ke kuhi nei i nā ʻike kuʻuna, nā rodents e kamaʻilio me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lohe, ʻike a me ka ʻono ʻana. ʻO ka hana nui i ke kamaʻilio e mālama ʻia e ka leo. Hoʻolai, e hoʻohana i nā chipmunks ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me nā gophers i kahi nui o nā hioho ʻana e hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou hoalauna e pili ana i ko lākou heleʻana a pale i ka ʻāina. Aia kekahi mau laka kūikawā i ko lākou repertoire i hoʻohana i ka wā e puka ʻia mai kahi mea kolohe. I ka nui o nā rodents, ʻo ka nui o nā kani i hoʻokuʻi ʻia ma mua o kahi ʻike kanaka (e pili ana i 45 kHz). Eia kekahi, ke kamaʻilio nei lākou ma o nā mea ʻala o nā mea momona e hua ʻia e nā kumulima. He ʻona ikaika ʻo Males ma mua o nā wahine.
Nā wahi lāʻau i ka pilikia
ʻO ka hiki i nā rodents ke hoʻohuli hou i nā ʻano o nā ʻano āpau i kēia mau waiwai nui i ka nui o nā kaila. Hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi i ke ola o ke kanaka.
ʻAʻole ulu wale nā ʻano o nā rodents. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he 50 mau mea i pau i nā kenekulia ma ʻelua mau makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 350 e hiki ke hōʻike koke i ko lākou hopena.
ʻO ka hapa nui ma nā hihia he 78 i hōʻike ʻia e nā iwi liʻiliʻi, noho kaawale a hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana. No kekahi o lākou, e like me ka Margarita kangaroo jumper a me ka hāhā lāʻau ʻo Brazil, mālama i kā lākou mau noho i nā hope no lākou e ola. No ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me ka kahe mosaic reef, ʻaʻohe manaʻo ʻē aʻe - i ka makahiki 2016, kahi komite i hoʻokumu ʻia o nā lālā o ka ʻUma o ka ʻĀina a me ka Puʻuwai o nā ʻĀina e make ai ua make ka holoholona no ka nui o nā kahe nui o nā mokupuni ʻōpala kahi i noho ai.
Ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano rodents i hōʻeha ʻia e make. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau kānaka a hiki i 2500 mau mea i kekahi mau ʻāpana i ka pilikia. No kekahi laʻana, ʻelua mau ʻano o ka American agouti Central a me 6 mau ʻano o ka pōʻai manu Mexico i hāʻule i kēia māhele.
Nā Hōʻoiaʻiʻo: Nā Mammals: complete Illustrated Encyclopedia / Transl. II. Half-hoofed, ungulate, rodents, hare-like, elepani hoppers, insectivores, ʻspio, anomalous, marsupials, pā hoʻokahi. / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.
ʻO ke ʻano o kaʻu ʻo ka nahele
Me kahi noiʻina kikoʻī, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka nui o nā kaio o ka nahele nui he nui ma mua o ke koena o nā rodents - ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke e hiki ke 12 cm.
ʻO ka kiʻi wao nahele (Apodemus uralensis).
Eia kekahi, loaʻa ʻo ia kahi huelo lōʻihi, kahi e like me ka loa o ke kino a i ʻole ka nui. Nui nā maka, ke kau ākea - e like me ka maka maka nani. Nui ka ʻāʻī o ke alo, kū kū pololei - he mau pepeiao kēia ʻoluʻolu, e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i ka manawa mai ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hoʻonaninani o ke kapa i loko o nā poli ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula, me kahi wahi brownish i loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ma ke ʻano, he keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa me ka tinge melemele. Ma waena o nā foreleg, kahi maʻamau o kahi melemele keʻokeʻo i loaʻa i ka huluhulu, e kū ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi oval a ma ke ʻano o ke kaula liʻiliʻi.
Hōʻailona ka nahele
ʻO kahi kahi nui o ka nohona, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, he mau palupalu a kai i hui ʻia ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ka Caucasus, a me Turkey.
Noho ka ʻiʻo ka nahele ma ka wao nahele hoʻomāluʻolu a me nā ʻano like ʻole o Eastern Europe.
Eia kekahi, noho kēia mau makika ma Altai, komohana hema o Kazakhstan a me Kina. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā ʻōhumu o ka mauhele lāʻau i nā hohonu hohonu i nā ʻāpana hema, kahi wahi ʻole o ka nahele. Kālai nui kēia mau rodents i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, inā koa - nā hua ʻai.
Aia kahi ʻikeʻike o ka nui ma nā mokupuni ʻAmelika, a me nā mauna o ʻApelika Komohana.
E like me nā wahi o kahi e noho ai, makemake nui nā ka nahele lāʻau i nā nahele kahiko, me nā kumu lāʻau loloa a me ka maloʻo loloa. Hoʻopili lākou iā lākou iho me nā lua ma nā aʻa o ka lāʻau, a me ka lau maloʻo a me nā lau hāʻule. Makemake lākou e noho i nā pā kūlohelohe, inā loaʻa.
Ke ʻano ho‘olaha kūloko hihi
ʻO kona ola a pau, noho ka kiʻulu lāʻau ma loko o kahi lua i ʻeli ai i nā ʻōpala maloʻo ma kahi o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻO Nora kahi papahana o nā neʻe a me nā lumi, kēlā me kēia me kahi kumu kūikawā. Aia kahi lumi manu e waiho pono ana, a me kekahi o nā pantry kahi e mālama ai ka lāʻau rodent i kāna mau kālā no ka hoʻoilo.
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia rodent i kahi ola nocturnal, waiho i ka manawa i ka lua i ke ahiahi.
Ma laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka nui o nā mea hānai nui - ʻoki pono kekahi kiʻi mai ka 3 a 5 kilograma o nā ʻano mālama ʻano no ka hoʻoilo.
Ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, he nui loa kēia mau holoholona, a no laila e nānā iā lākou he pōmaikaʻi nui. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma kahi ʻawaʻawa ʻawaʻawa ʻawaʻawa, e hūnā kekahi kiʻi ma kahi pākihi kokoke loa, a hoʻokaʻawale, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻana i mua o kona alo.
ʻO ka wehewehe
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻiole lāʻau ma mua o ko lākou mau ʻohana ʻōhua. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ko lākou kino he 7-10 cm, akā he nui nō hoʻi ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia (12-15 cm). ʻO ka huelo i nā ʻiole he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o ka rodent ma mua o 25-30 g.
ʻO ka wehewehe nui o nā kanaka:
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ke poʻo me ka muzzle kuhikuhi elongated,
- Ke nānā aku nei nā maka e like me nā beads ʻeleʻele nui
- He lōʻihi ka pepeiao o ka rodent, hiki i ka nui o 2 cm. ʻO ia mau pepeiao he mau mea kōkua nui i ka nui o ka nahele ulu lāʻau.
- ʻO ka hapanui pinepine nā holoholona me kahi kalaʻulaʻula, ʻokoʻa ka ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele,
- He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, aia kekahi ʻāpana o ke melemele.
- ʻO ka mauleka e noho ana i nā wahi kuahiwi he wahi mālamalama maikaʻi i ko lākou mau umauma. Aia hoʻi he wahi ʻulaʻula a iʻa paha ma waena o nā forelegs o nā ʻiole lāʻau.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kala o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma mua o nā kiʻi ʻelemakule.
Mole kiʻio:
Pehea e kū ai ka hoʻoulu ʻana?
Hana hou ka hoʻoponopono hou i ke kauwela: mai ka Pōʻalua a hiki i Kepakemapa. Pehea e kūleʻa ai nā huaʻōlelo ʻo nā nahele.
- Hiki i ka wahine ke hāpai i nā hua 3-4 no 1 mau makahiki, akā ma nā wahi me kahi mahana e hoʻonui ana kēia ʻōpiopio.
- Pili ka lā 20-25 mau lā,
- Ke alakaʻi nei ka wahine i 3 a 6 mau kiʻi, i hānau makapō ʻia, kuli a ʻaʻohe lauoho.
Hōʻuluʻulu puaʻa kūloko
Hana hou i kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka manawa mahana - mai ka hopena o Malaki ma ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa, hiki i ka kiʻi ke hoʻohua i nā hua 3-4, e loaʻa iā lākou kēlā me kēia kaila he 3-6. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kamaliʻi - ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina o ke ʻano ua loaʻa lākou i kā lākou kīʻaha holoʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa i nā pākeke i nā nui.
I ka hiki ʻana aku o ʻekolu mau makahiki, ua mākaukau nā mau māka lāʻau no kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. Ma muli o kēlā luku wikiwiki ʻana, hiki koke i nā kiʻiwe o ka nahele ke noho i kahi noho inā ʻaʻole lawa nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ma laila. ʻO ka ʻaka a me nā ʻalopela, a me ka ʻalopeke hoʻi, weliweli loa no kēia mau rodents - maopopo koke lākou i ke kiko o nā ʻiole ma lalo o ka lepo, a me ka ʻeli ʻana iā lākou, ka hopu ʻia lākou i nā poʻe kauā.
ʻO nā mau kiʻala lāʻau ka mea lawe i nā encephalitis e pili ana i ka lālani, brucellosis, tularemia, anthrax a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka kiʻulu lāʻau no nā kānaka
E like me nā mea liʻiliʻi kekahi, ʻo ka ʻiʻo ʻo ka mea nui ka mea o ka mea kanu a me nā lāʻau ʻōpala a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, hana maoli ke kaila i ka mea make. ʻO kēia kumu ke hakakā nei ka mahiʻai i nā ʻano a pau me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kiʻi, a ke ʻimi nei nā ululāʻau i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna o nā poʻe e kauleo i nā ʻōpala āpau e ʻokiʻoki i nā lālani pōloli mau loa.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Kiʻi - wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona waho
Ma kahi o ka ʻāina, ke kaawale ʻana i ka ʻāpana ākea a me nā mauna, e maʻamau ana kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā hoahānau pili kokoke o nā ʻiole he jerboas, nā mole molole, nā hamsters a me nā dormouse. A ma kahiʻoihana iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻo nā lālani, chinchillas, porcupines, beavers, guinea puaʻa. Ma ka huina, ʻo ka Mouse subfamily e hui pū ai i ka nui o ka nui ma genus a ma mua o 300 mau ʻano.
ʻO ka kiʻi kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi me ka elongated a kuhikuhi i nā muzzle, nā pepeiao nui a me ka hoʻokipa i nā maka. ʻO ka huelo lōʻihi a i ʻole a ʻoi paha ka lānai o ka holoholona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lālā kuʻekuʻe, ʻaʻole like ma ka lōʻihi, no ka ʻeli ʻana, e holo ana ma luna o ke kuʻekuʻe a me nā neʻe. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka rodent mai 3 a 20 cm, ke kaupaona - mai 15 a hiki i 50 g.
Hoʻohālike ʻia nā holoholona mai ka ʻohana Mouse e ka ʻike maikaʻi a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā aniani ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele. ʻO ka mahana maʻamau o ke kino i loko o kēia mau rodents mai ka 37.5 a 39 ° C. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā uka ʻo 4 mau makahiki.
Pehea ka noho ʻana o nā kiʻina i kahi wahi kūlohelohe
I mea e mālama ai i nā koena i ka mahana o ka mālama kino, pono lākou e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela, ke ao a me ka pō. ʻO ka ʻili a me ka luhiluhi no nā kaole nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e kōkua i ke ola a haʻalele i ka hua.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hoʻomaka nā holoholona i hōʻiliʻili i nā lako i loko o ka mink a i luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻāina, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i ke "warehouse" e ka ʻāina. A inā ala e ala i nā manawa rodents i ka pō manawa, a moe i ka pō, a laila i ka wā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo kūlohelohe ka pō. I ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻohi, i ka wā i nele ai ka meaʻai a me ka huina ʻana o ka ʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻiole.
Noho ka Mice ma nā ʻohana he nui, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pale iā lākou iho, loaʻa ka ʻai, kūkulu hale, hoʻoulu keiki. I loko o ka pākī kiʻī i kahi alakaʻi e mālama i ka ʻatikala i ka hui. Hōʻoluʻolu nā kiʻi wahine. Akā ʻaʻole mau ʻōpiopio mau nā ʻōpiopio i ko lākou kūlana subordinate. ʻO ke hoʻopili ʻana o nā wāwae hind a me nā pā o ka huelo weliweli e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo o ka holoholona e lanakila ai ka "noho aliʻi." Hiki i ke ʻōhala ʻohana ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻohana.
ʻAuhea e noho ai nā ʻiole i ka wao?
I nā kuikilua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kiʻi i ka manawa e hānai ai i ka hua, ke holo ʻana i ka pōʻino, ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka hohonu ka hohonu o ka lua he 70 cm, a hiki i ka loa o nā ʻōpio ke hiki i 20 m. Ua kūkulu kekahi ʻano o nā ʻiole i nā noke ma nā ʻōpala o nā kamaʻilio nui (pēpē pēpē) a noho i nā aʻa lāʻau a me nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka minks he mau mea paʻa a mau loa ia, a hiki i ke kau hope hiki ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻolālā wale ʻia nā hale holoholona ʻokoʻa. He pā hale huna manuahi ka nui o nā kiina a me nā helu. I nā kauwela kauwela, kahi e hānau ai nā keiki kiaʻi i nā keiki, hana ʻia nā litter mai lalo iho, nā ʻōpala o nā mauʻu, nā ʻōhā a me nā hulu. A i ka hoʻoilo - ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi kāʻei no nā māka meaʻai.
He aha kahi mea ʻai e ʻai ai i nā wahi kūlohelohe?
ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hopena ke hoʻoilo, ke hoʻomaka nei ka hōʻiliʻili, hoʻomaka ka naole i ka mālama ʻana i kahi mālama hānai no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o nā holoholona ka cereals, a me nā hua o nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO nā kiʻina kīlea e like me ka palaoa, bale, ōwa, buckwheat.
Hoʻokomo nā Rodents i nā wao nahele i nā lāʻau kedera, ka ʻauhau, ka maple, ka beech, acorns, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi manu. A maikaʻi nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā kino wai e ʻai i nā lau, nā aʻa a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, nā huaʻaʻai, nā ʻōpala, nā kime, nā huaʻōlelo, nā mea nui a me nā invertebrates. ʻO nā kiʻina hale, e noho ana ma hope o nā kānaka, e ʻoluʻolu i ke ʻano o ke kanaka a ʻai i ka ʻai, ka ʻiʻo, nā huahana wai, nā mea momona.
ʻO nā holoholona e noho nei i ka wai hihiu he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia. Hoʻokumu kūlohelohe nā mea kūlolo i ka wai, e wāwahi ana i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai hou nā makona he mau lau ʻiʻo o nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā hae o nā ʻiole
ʻO ka isika ka pilina nui i ka mekala o nā meaʻai o nā ʻĀina lehulehu. Hālua nui nā holoholona hihiu i ke ola ʻana o kēia rodent liʻiliʻi. No nā kaika nui e noho ana i ka nahele, nā ʻenemi nui ka haehae, nā martens, nā ʻalopiha arctic, nā ferrets, nā ermines, nā mea ulana, nā lynx, a me nā wīlio. Kūkā nā lua i nā lua a hiki ke ʻai a 30 mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka lā.
ʻO ka mauʻu ka meaʻai nui no nā nahesa a me nā mākau nui. ʻO nā mea keu e like me ka boa constrictor, kahi lei, kahi mea hoʻohui, he nahe ʻalani e hoʻopau i ka mea holoʻokoʻa. I ka wā o ka hopu, hoʻokuʻi ka nahe, a laila hoʻokau koke i ka mea i hoʻopihapiha, ʻo ka mea pū me ia me nā niho oona, a laila no ke kali ʻana ka holoholona e hele ʻole.
Ma luna o nā kiʻi, wīwī kekahi. I waena o nā manu aia nā mea predatory, e hōʻike ʻia e ka mana o ka beak, acuity ʻike a me ka lohe. He mau ʻānowela kēia, buzzards, huluhulu, ʻaeto, ʻānā, kites. Holo lākou i ke ao a i ka pō paha, e hana wikiwiki ana mai ka lewa.
Ehia mau lālani ola?
ʻO ke ola o nā rodents e pili pono i nā kūlana kaiāulu. ʻO ka helu maʻamau he 2-3 mau makahiki. ʻO nā hopena e like me ke ke ao, ka waiʻai, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka holoholona hihiu he hopena nui loa i ka ola o ka holoholona.
No nā mea ʻai, nā hau a me ka hāmū, hiki ke make ka mahana wela. Hoʻopau loa ʻia nā ʻōlima wela i ka nui o nā koloni he nui. Hoʻohana pinepine e pili ana i ke anā a me ka hiki ke ʻai maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi mea ʻai ʻole e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui i ke ola o nā kiʻi.
Nui nā ʻano o nā kahelei e noho kaʻawale nei mai nā kānaka i kahi liʻiliʻi iki a ʻoi aku paha i ka makahiki. A ʻo ka holoholona, e hānai ʻia e ke kanaka, e loaʻa ana ka mālama kaulike a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke ola a hiki i 6 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hana hou i nā polekika
ʻO ka kiʻi he holoholona polygamous. I ka kūlohelohe, hōʻiliʻili hoʻokahi kāne mai 2 a 12 mau wahine. Ma mua o 12 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā 3 a 8 mau polū i nā hoki. Loaʻa ka wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi 10 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ia i ka estrus, ka mea e mau ana 5 mau lā a hōʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano kūikawā.
Inā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka wahine i ka hapanui ma hope o ka pani ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho hou ʻo estrus i loko o hoʻokahi pule. I loko o ka hihia o ka pōʻaiapili kūleʻa, ma hope o nā lā 17-24 mau lā, hoʻomaka ʻia ka holoholona wahine. Ma loko o kahi līlani he 3 a 9 cubs. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā pō. ʻO nā pēpē, hānau ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe, lohe a ʻike. ʻAʻohe o lākou lauoho, a mai ka laulā mai 2 a 3 cm.
- 3 mau lā - ʻike ʻia kahi mea kahe i ke kino, 5 mau lā - hoʻomaka nā cubs e lohe, 7 mau lā - ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka holoholona i pālua, 14 mau lā - ʻokiʻoki nā palpebral, 19 mau lā - hoʻomaka ka nāu ke ʻai ma ko lākou iho, 25 mau lā - ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ai i 500 mm (ʻoi aku ka pōkole 15-20mm) a me ka kiʻo ua moeʻokiʻoki.
Lapa Hila
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā holoholona mai nā ʻohana Shrews i nā mea he 14 wale nō. ʻO ka kiʻi me ka ihu lōʻihi kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (6-10 cm). Ma muli o nā keiki hānau wale nō ka paona ma lalo o 1 g. ʻO ka pipi o ka holoholona i hope o ka ihu e kapa ʻia ʻo proboscis. ʻO ka huluhulu o ka holoholona he nani, pala, silky, hiki ke lilo i hina, ocher, ʻulaʻula.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kiʻi me kahi ihō lōʻihi a maikaʻi hoʻi me ka ihu no ka ʻohu. He holoholona ʻano manuʻai ia, akā makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i nā iniseti, a me kekahi mau vertebrates (frogs, cubes cubes, reptiles liʻiliʻi). Ma waho o ka meaʻai, hiki i kēia holoholona ola ke ola ʻole ma mua o 10 mau hola.
Noho nui nā ʻōpū o nā shrew i ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, ʻAralia. ʻO kēia kaile liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me ka ihu lōʻihi e manaʻo nui nei i nā loko wai, i nā māla ʻeleʻele a me nā mālamalama kumu.
ʻ mouselelo Kepani (Sylvaemus mystacinus)
ʻO ka kiʻi me nā pepeiao pepeiao nui a me ka ihu lōʻihi. Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo Asia Minor. Noho ana i ka mokupuni o Iapana, ma ke komohana hema o Georgia, a me na Kiʻi o Kuril hoʻi o Rūsia. E ʻoi aku ia i nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi, nā wīwī i hui ʻia, me ka mauʻu e paʻa ana i kahi kahe.
ʻAʻole kāeli nā kaole Iapana i nā lua, e hoʻonoho ana i nā kīpaha i nā kumulāʻau a me nā hale, nā ʻōpala o nā pōhaku a me nā lāʻau maloʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana a me kahi huelo a kokoke like (a hiki i 13 cm). ʻO 6 mau mahina mahana o ka hua makahiki, i kēia manawa hāʻawi lākou iā 2-3 litters o 3-6 cubs.
Mīlo kiʻioʻi (Sylvaemus sylvaticus)
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona he wahi ʻāpana puni ia i ka umauma. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka rodent he 12 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 7-10 cm.ʻO kēia mau kiʻei hiki ke noho i nā nukila i haʻalele ʻia, nā ʻōpala piha, kīwī ma lalo o nā pōhaku a ma nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Kūkulu nui ʻia ka kiʻo wao ma Siberia, Western Asia, Altai, nā ala ulu o Ukraine, Belarus, a me Moldova. Aia ia i nā cereals, nā hua, nā nati, nā iniseti.
ʻ mouselelo kaomi hole (Gerbillidae)
I ka ʻohana o Mouse gerbils, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i kahi ʻokoʻa subfamily, ka helu ʻana aku ma mua o 100 mau ʻano o nā holoholona. ʻO ka laulā kūloʻo o kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi ala o ʻ arulopa ʻEulopa, nā neʻe o ʻAmelika a me Asia a me nā wahi hoʻi semi-deserto. Hoʻohana lākou i ka lā, i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole lākou i hānau i ka hānau, akā ua lilo i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana.
ʻO waho, ʻoi aku ka kaila o ka gerbil e like me ka mauʻu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona e hiki i 20 cm, he kaupaona 250 g. ʻO ke kala o ka holoholona he brownish-sandy ma ke kua, a lika ka umauma ma ka umauma. Holo pū ʻia kahi huelo lōʻihi kūpono i loko o kahi kūlana weliweli; ʻaʻole ulu hou kahi mea hou. Hiki i ka kiʻi gerbil ke hele ma luna o kona mau wāwae hind a lele i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (a hiki i 4 m). ʻAi ʻo ia i ka hua palaoa, bale, palaoa, millet, me nā huaʻai a me nā hua.
Pēpē kāne (Micromys minutus)
Pili ka inoa o ke ʻano ʻano i ka liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa o ka holoholona. ʻO ka loa ka loa o ke kino o ka holoholona he 7 cm, a ʻo 5 hu ka 5 cm. makemake nā holoholona e noho i loko o ka papahō a me ka nahele-steppe, ma nā māla palaoa, ma nā wahi nahele. I waena o nā mauhelehele, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā hale spherical o kēia rodent, i hana ʻia i nā lau maloʻo a me nā lau.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka kiole o ke pēpē me ke ʻula ʻulaʻula i ka ʻili o ka ʻili e kū ʻia ma hope o ka molt mua. Mālama ʻo ia i nā invertebrates, nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me nā ʻalā. Ka maluhia ʻo ka kiʻi liʻiliʻi, e hoʻopili koke i ka ʻāpana hou, no laila, hiki ke mālama ʻia e nā kānaka.
Mīkini ʻūlū (Mus musculus)
Ua kapa ʻia kekahi honu home a home paha, no ka mea ua hoʻoponopono ka holoholona i ke ola ma hope o kahi kanaka. I loko o nā rodents, hakahaka, pantries, mālama i kēia mau rodents i ka paʻakikī, nā lua-saluran e ʻalo nei, kahi lākou e noho ai i nā kolana nui. ʻAʻole mamao loa mai nā lua i hoʻonohonoho ai lākou i kahi mālama no ka meaʻai: nā hua, nā nati, nā ʻeke lawehala, nā ʻāpana o nā mea ʻai.
ʻAʻole he holoholona nui ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo, kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma 8-11 cm. Ua uhi ʻia ka huelo lōʻihi me ka lauoho sparse, ʻike ʻia nā pihi scaly ma luna. Aia ka kala o ka ʻili o ka holoholona ma luna o nā ʻano, akā ʻoi aku ka pile ma hope o ka kua ma mua o ka ʻōpū. Noho ka kiʻi hale ma luna o nā koninika āpau, i nā āpau kime ākea a he hoa hilinaʻi hoʻi o ke kanaka.
Mole haneli (Arvicanthis)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka mea hoʻokahi me ka lāʻī e hiki i ka 30 cm. ʻO ka hina a me ka ʻulaʻula paha e loaʻa i nā lauoho palalulu elongated a me nā ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi, a me nā lauoho puʻupuʻu pīpī ma nā ʻano o hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻīhā o kā lākou ola e like me ke kanaka - ua ala lākou i ka lā a hiamoe lākou i ka pō.
ʻO ka wahi hānau o nā kahe mauʻu ʻo ʻAmelika Hema. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea hao i ka makika, a noho nui lākou i nā kahawai wai, i nā ʻaluna kūwau. Hiki iā lāua ke eli i nā lua a noho i nā hale o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Kūlana pua (Apodemus agrarius)
ʻAʻole like ka kiʻala kīlea me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Mouse. ʻO ka holoholona, nā kala ʻono ʻē aʻe i nā ʻili i ka ʻili e holo ai ma ka holo ʻana o ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa, mai ka muzzle a i ka pala o ka huelo. ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona e like me 8 a 12 cm me ka huʻu. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kala i nā ʻano i ka hina hina a me kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me kaʻeleʻele. Kūkulu ʻia ke kiʻina kula i ka hale ma luna o ia iho, a hoʻohana i nā wahi kūpono.
Noho ka kiʻona kula a puni nā ʻāpana o ke Komohana a me ʻEulopa, a me ka ʻāpana o ʻAsia: China, Sakhalin, Taiwan. E makemake ana ka holoholona i nā nahele a me nā kula, i nā māla deciduous, akā hana pū kekahi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻohana ka kiʻala kula i nā mea inikini invertebrate, cereals, nā mea kanu a me nā hua.
Kahakaha Ka home: Kōkua koho
Heʻoluʻolu nā nāole kūloko, ʻaʻole ke kūʻē ʻino, maʻalahi, a hele a maʻalahi ka poʻe i nā mea nona, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana iā lākou he mea maʻalahi loa ia. Ke koho ʻana i kahi holoholona, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i nā ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka rodent. Kupanaha ka holoholona me ke olakino maikaʻi:
- ʻaʻole i maloʻo ka lauoho, ʻaʻohe pala o ka palole, he keʻokeʻo ka niho, ʻoiai, ua palupalu a nānā aku nā holoholona, ʻaʻole i nā holoholona huna huna mai nā ʻili a me nā maka, ua kūleʻa ka pale a hānai.
E poina e lilo i mau makahiki e ola ai nā ʻiole. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau holoholona he 3-4 mau makahiki, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i kahi holoholona ma lalo o nā makahiki 12. Pono e uku pono i ka moeʻana o ka rodent, no ka mea ʻaʻole i komo pū kekahi mau kāne kāne i loko o ka hale hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka ʻōlio home ka holoholona he kolamu, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau kanaka. Inā e hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o nā holoholona, a laila ma mua o ka moe ʻana, pono ke mālama ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Nā Hana Hana mālama home
Mahalo i ke koho o kēia wā, nā kiʻino ʻalani he mau haneli o nā ʻano, kahi e hīmeni ana, a "" waltzing ", a me nā holoholona i ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻalā (ʻo nā kiʻina albino, nā pika ʻeleʻele maʻamau, ka lehu a me nā holoholona ʻalani).
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o nā nāhelehe he mea kaulana loa:
- He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā kahe ʻōpio Iapana a hiki i 5 cm lōʻihi.Ia ʻāno ʻia nā ʻula keʻokeʻo me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻulaʻula. E a makamaka, maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona nocturnal. I ka litter 5-7 mice. ʻO ka pōkole ʻoi a i ʻole akomis kekahi kaila hāpiha nui me nā pulela nui e kū ana ma hope o ka hope. ʻEleʻele-ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻulaʻulaʻula. Kāhā ʻia ka ʻāʻī e kahi puʻu momona momona. Pākuʻi ʻia ka ihu, ua convex nā maka, nui nā pepeiao, ua like me ke ʻano. E hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ka kaole, me ka hana koke o ka poʻe. He kiʻi hoihoi ʻia nā kaile ʻōlani o ʻAmelika i nā kala: nā kukui a me nā ʻāpanaʻeleʻele i hoʻololi ʻia ma ke kino. ʻAʻole kāpae ka holoholona i kahi mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole. Piʻi ʻo ia ma luna o nā wahi ākea. Kūleʻa nui ʻia - hilahila loa ka holoholona. Inā pilikia ka pōʻino, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālike i ka make a hāʻule paha i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2.5 m.
ʻO ka mālama a me ka mālama pono i nā kiʻi ma ka home
ʻO ka hale kahi e noho ai nā mika hoʻonani hiki ke lilo i wahi kao, he aquarium, kahi pahu pepa aniani. No kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona, ua lawa kahi noho o 25 * 45 * 22 cm.Ni ka hohonu o ka terrarium i uhi ʻia i ka wahi mākaʻi mai nā kumulāʻau hua ʻole me kahi mea hoʻopiʻi kulina mai ka palaoa, pepa, ʻōpala. E hoʻololi i nā litter of rodents hoʻonani ma kahi o ka 1 manawa i ka pule, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kēlā me kēia 3 lā. Mai luna o ka terrarium ka mea i uhi ʻia me kahi uhi me nā pani no ka oxygen.
I loko o ka hale, ua lako kekahi o nā keʻena, ʻoi aku i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻano āpau a me nā kiʻi a ikaika loa a holo i loko o ke kūlohelohe a hiki i ka 40 km i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila e pono ke holo i ka wili i ka terrarium. Hiki ke hānai i nā Rodents i ka wai ma o ke kīʻaha inu hoʻoulu ʻia a i ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi pā liʻiliʻi.
He aha nā mea hoʻonani palu?
Loaʻa nā holoholona āpau mai ka ʻohana Mouse i ka momona, no laila pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka mea e ʻai ʻia ai kahi kiʻina. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai holoholona he cereals: palaoa, palaoa, palaoa, sorghum. ʻAʻole pono ka palaoa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ka mea pīpī home liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻai a hiki i ka 1 tsp i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻala.
ʻO nā lono a nā holoholona punaʻi nā lā, nā paukena, nā hua kanu, nā walnuts, nā pīpī a me nā hazelnuts. Pono nā meaʻai a me nā huaʻai i loko o kaʻai o ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā he'ōmaʻomaʻo nā laupala: kaleka, lettuce, kūkala, zucchini, broccoli, pālea. A ʻo nā hua nui ʻaʻole momona loa: ʻuala, banana, quince, pā, plum. ʻO kekahi manawa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka berena a me nā keʻokeʻo.
He aha nā mea ʻai ʻole ka ʻai ʻana: nā hua pā kiki, nā mea ʻono, ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻai no nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio.
ʻO kaʻili: nā pono a me nā hōʻino
ʻO nā ʻano like o nā rodents hihiu i manaʻo ʻia he ʻenemi o ke kanaka. Hoʻopilikia ka mole vole i nā kanu ʻana. Ua hoʻohālikelike ka kiʻī hale me nā huahana me nā moʻi a me ka ʻili, hana i nā puke, nā lole, a me ka hoʻolaʻa hale. Nui nā ʻano o nā moʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi: salmonellosis, hepatitis, encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, maʻi tuberculosis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Akā, ʻo nā kaheka maikaʻi kekahi e loaʻa mai nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka poʻe. Ua hoʻohana aku nā mea hoʻonani a me nā kauka i nā kiʻilima no kahi o hoʻokahi kenekulia e alakaʻi i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka fecundity kupaianaha o nā rodents a me nā mea like o ka ʻano kāne a me ke kiʻina.
Hoʻoulu ʻo Zoologists i nā kiʻi fodder kūikawā no nā lepana, nā aramas, nā Boas, nā geckos, nā kahe, nā ʻeke, nā ʻūhā a me nā pōpoki. ʻO kekahi manawa no kēlā mau kumu hana hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana lāʻau, e hāʻawi ʻia ana i nā hale kūʻai holoholona.
ʻO nā kiʻi ma ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu
I Helene kahiko, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kao ʻulaʻula he holoholona kapu. He mau kaukani o nā holoholona i noho i loko o nā luakini. He poʻe koa o lākou o nā kaʻao kaʻao a me nā kaʻao. Ua manaʻo lākou ua kōkua ka ʻūhā keʻokeʻo i nā ʻōlelo a ʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā holoholona i hoʻohiki i ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka pākī ʻeleʻele he huahana o ka lepo a e hoʻopau ʻia.
Ma Iapana, ua manaʻo lākou ua lawe ʻia kekahi kiʻina keʻokeʻo i ka hauʻoli. E ʻike i kahi i noho ai ka kolone rodent he hōʻailona maikaʻi, a me kahi kiʻi make i manaʻo nui i ke kaumaha. Ua noʻonoʻo ka poʻe Kina i kēia holoholona he hōʻailona o ka naʻauao a me kaʻoiaʻiʻo. A i waena o nā Peresia a me koʻAmelika kahiko, a ua ʻole nā ʻūni keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele i hoʻopau i ka mana ʻino. Ua pili lākou i nā komo ʻana o nā rodents me nā mea hoʻomohala o ke akua weliweli ʻo Ahriman.
Ua puka ʻia nā pōpū i loko o ka hale o ke kanaka ma muli o ka hoʻonani o nā rodents hōʻino. ʻO 6 mano mau makahiki aku nei, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hānai i nā pōpoki hihiu, a ma ia mea, hoʻomaka lākou e pale i kā lākou mau meaʻai. Akā i kēia manawa, noho mau ka nālea no nā pōpoki home i mea leʻaleʻa punahele. ʻO kēia hakakā lōʻihi ka mea nui i nā moʻolelo, nā mele, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me nā ʻōlelo nui. I ka manawa o ka Pūnaewele, ua puka ʻia nā wikiō kūikawā no nā pōpoki. ʻO ka pākī ma ka ʻaoʻao no kahi pōʻai hānai lilo i manawa i mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kāna mau hunting hunting.
ʻO nā mea ʻike e pili ana i nā kiʻi
- ʻAʻole makemake iki nā kiʻini. Ma kahi o nā holoholona e makemake i nā ʻāpana a me nā hua āpau. ʻO ka lone ʻihiʻumi kahi makana aloha i kēia mau rodents. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka maunu i ka mousetrap. ʻO hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ka nui o ke ola o kahi kāne marsupial kāne. No ka hānai ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, lawe ʻia ka hana ma mua he 2 mau pule. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, e mau ana nā hola 10-13, make ke kāne e hāʻawi i ke ola i kā lākou pēpē. ʻO ka mea nui nui i ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā mice ka momona. Me ke kōkua o nā mākaʻi "odorous" (mai nā feces, urine, nā mea huna mai nā lepa), nā palena o ka haʻaheo i ka'āina, e hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī iā lākou iho ma ka wahi, e kahe aku i ka ʻike i kēlā me kēia. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻohana pālolo kahi ʻona ponoʻī, e hōʻike ana i ka pili ʻana o nā ʻano pili holoholona. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi pōpoki maleka pōpoki, kahi pēpē hoʻomaha ʻole ka hoʻololi mau o ke ao honua kūʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi ka papa pākeke a me ke kelepona e hopu i kahi kiʻi ma ka maka, no kahi pōpoki home hiki i kēia mea hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻohana maoli, a no ka mea nona ka hana - kahi manawa e ʻakaʻaka loa.
ʻO nā kiʻī kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ka honua, e lawe mai ana i ka poʻe pono a hoʻopōʻino. Mālama lākou i nā hua lāʻau o kahi hōʻili a ke lawe ʻia mai i nā maʻi weliweli. Akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻī ma ka noiʻi ʻepekema e kōkua i ke ola.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka helehelena a me ke ala o ke ola, ʻo nā isika ka mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoiho no nā reptile predatory, nā manu a me nā mammals. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ola nā holoholona ma ke ola lōʻihi. ʻO nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā mālie haʻahaʻa a me kahiʻano haʻahaʻa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i kēia mau rodents e like me nā holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona, ʻo lākou e laki wale ana e lilo i mau punahele kanaka, e ola lōʻihi aku ma mua o nā hoahānau pili kino.
ʻAno a me ka waihoʻoluʻu
ʻO ka hapa pinepine o nā kaile lāʻau o kahi ʻulaʻula, ma ke kua o laila kahi e pae ai i kahi wahi kīnā ʻole i ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī. Hoʻopili ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻōpū, akā aia ka melemele paha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ma ka wehewehe ʻo ka kiʻi ʻo ka nahele, ʻo ka hele ʻana ma ka umauma o kahi ākea kukui, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kaula, a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ʻāpana.
Nui! I ka hoʻoilo, ua uhi ʻia ka rodent me kahi kapa ʻoi aku ka uhi, a ʻoliʻoli ke kala i ka uliuli.
ʻO nā ʻōpala a me nā lima
ʻO ka paona o ka rodent, he awelika o 200 g. Ke ulu aʻe nei kekahi mau mea i kahi 300 gram. Hoʻohālikelike i ke kino, nui ke poʻo. Ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ka muzzle. He mau maka nui nui kona e like me nā pepelu.
Nui! ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ka nui o ka pepeiao - hiki lākou i ka 2.2 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO Habitat a me ke ʻano
Nā alakaʻi ma ka nahele e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano hana. E ala ala i ka Rodents a puni ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe pono o ka lā hānau. Hoʻohana maoli ʻia kēlā kanaka i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka. I ke ao, hoʻāʻo ka mauleka ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka home, no ka ʻole i hāʻule i loko o nā lima o ka poʻe i ʻole aʻa ʻole i ka ʻahaʻaina ma luna o lākou. Ua nui nā ʻenemi nui o nā holoholona ulu.
ʻIke ʻia nā kiʻi nāhelehele a puni nā Lūkini, me ka ʻike ʻole o ka Far North. No ka make koke aku o nā rodents me ka wai ʻole, he mea kūpono ke mua o nā loko wai. Noho ʻo lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai, nā mākeke, i nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, i hui ʻia nā ulu lāʻau coniferous. E hana ana ka holoholona i hale no lākou iho i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, nā pua a me nā lāʻau i hina. He nui nā neʻe e pono ai no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano kālā like ʻole.
Nui! ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka rodent e hana i nā mokupepa liʻiliʻi loa, akā me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoilo ikaika, ua piha ka mau ʻōpala pantry i ka hiki.
Pahu a keiki
ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka moe ʻana ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano mahana. No laila, ma nā wahi me kahi malū māmā, ʻo ka nui o nā rodents ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka wahine, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ia ke hānai a ʻehā mau manawa i ka makahiki, me kēlā me kēia hāpai i ka hāpai ʻana i ʻeono mau kūbita (ʻo ia ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻāʻī i kahi rodent a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki ʻaʻole hānau.) Mākaukau no ka hānau keiki, hoʻonohonoho i ka wahine i ka home, hana i nā lako meaʻai, i ʻole e waiho i ka pēpē no ka manawa lōʻihi, e waiho nei i ka ʻai mai ka lua.
Noho ka ʻōpala ʻo ka nahele ʻo 20-25 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā kolohe, nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōwili. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā Offspring a me ka ulu. Ma hope oʻelua mau pule, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike a ʻike, a hiki i nā makahiki hoʻokahi ke hiki ke loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpiopio i nā ʻōpio makua i ko lākou ʻiliʻī liʻiliʻi a nui i ka ʻakaʻi hāpiki iʻoi aʻe.
Nui! 30 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua kipaku ʻia ka hua mai ke kūpeʻe (burrow), akā hoʻomau i ke komo ʻana i hoʻokahi kolone. Komo nā Rodents i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
Ua mākaukau nā poʻe māulāʻau e mare aku i loko o 3 mau mahina. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, he wahine aʻo ka wahine a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hua. No laila, ʻo ka heluna o nā rodents ma mua o nā kūlana maikaʻi i hiki i kēlā me kēia manawa ke hoʻonui, kahi maikaʻi loa i ka mahiʻai.
Hopena
ʻO nā kiʻi he holoholona nā mea hihiu. Hiki iā lākou ke luku i nā mea kanu, hoʻopōʻino i nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā lehulehu nui o nā rodents ke ʻai i nā hua lāʻau deciduous, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā pilikia kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, nā mea hao e lawe i nā maʻi ʻeha.
Hiki i ke kanaka e hoʻopili i ka kiʻi puaʻa e mālama paha i ke ʻano o nā maʻi ʻelua:
Kūleʻa maʻamau a i ʻole kahi e noho ai ka isika
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiʻowai lāʻau ma kahi ākea ākea. ʻO kekahi o nā wahi punahele a nā holoholona e koho ai no ko lākou mau ʻohana he wahi ākea o nā wili i kāwili ʻia a me ka pohō ma nā awāwa muliwai. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ka lāʻau ulu lāʻau e loaʻa i nā wahi he nui:
Mai haʻalele i nā kiʻī a me nā wahi. E mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā holoholona i nā ʻāpana o Altai, Kina a me ka helu ʻākau iā Kazakhstan. Hāʻawi ka ʻāina mahiʻai i loko o ka mahiʻai me nā mea ʻai a me ka home. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho ma ka mokupuni a me ka mauna o North Africa.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai a waiho i loko o ka kaulahao meaʻai?
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka lāʻau ulu lāʻau he ʻano o nā meaʻai kanu, nā pepeke a me kā lākou pili, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO "ka papa kuhikuhi" holoholona e kū pololei i ka manawa:
- ʻO kaʻu kīʻaha punahele no nā moʻo he acorns a me nā nati. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea leʻaleʻa ke hauʻoli i nā hua o nā mea kanu like ʻole, nā hua, nā ʻoe a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
- ʻO nā ʻōpū ʻaʻole i hao ʻia e nā pōpoki, mea maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona,
- ʻO ka waiho ʻana i ka hua wailua hemahema, e lilo nō ia i mea hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia no ka poʻe ʻaihue liʻiliʻi,
- I ka hoʻoilo, inā ʻaʻole i hana nā ʻiole, ʻai lākou i nā lāʻau i hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻoilo a neʻe paha i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
- I ka nele ʻole o ka ʻai, ʻai ka ʻiʻo i ka lau, nā hua a me nā hua o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ulu lāʻau, kahi e hōʻeha nui ai.
ʻO ka heleʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā ulu lāʻau lāʻau e pale i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ko lākou heluna ma ka wao. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he mea ʻai no nā manu, nā ʻalopeke, nā ferrets, nā mea uluwelu, a me nā manu ʻai manu mai ka hana mai ka falconry.
ʻO nā pono kanaka
ʻO nā kiʻi nā nahele, ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiai, e hiki ai i ka hoʻopōʻino nui ʻana i nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. I kēlā me kēia manawa e ulu ai ka palaoa, palaoa, ōka, bale a me nā cereals ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana koʻikoʻi ʻohana.
He aha ka pōʻino o nā kānaka i ka māla:
- Hōʻailona nui nā kiole i nā lua a me nā kahe, wāwahi i ka ʻōnaehana o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
- Hoʻokomo kēia mau pōpoki liʻiliʻi i ka ʻili o nā kumulā, nā aʻa a me nā pihi, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make o nā mea kanu,
- ʻO kaʻai ʻana i nā hua ʻai a me nā huaʻai, hiki i nā kiʻi ke waiho i nā māla me ka ʻole o kahi hua.
Lawe ka ʻili i nā poli ma ko lākou hulu a hoʻopili i nā pōpoki me lākou.
ʻO nā mea hana kūpono a me nā ala e pale ai i nā isika
Hiki iā ʻoe ke pā me nā kiʻīleʻa lāʻau e nā ʻano like ʻole. I loko o nā mahi liʻiliʻi a me nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi, e kōkua ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea uila a me nā mea hoʻoponopono uila a me ka pilikia.
He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka hakakā:
- ʻO ka ʻala o ke kāleka a me nā aʻa ʻeleʻele e hoʻowalewale i nā pōpō rodent. Hiki ke pālahalaha kēia mau mea kanu i ka pelapela o ka pā,
- Ke ninini i nā lua iole me kahi hopena repellent kūikawā,
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mousetraps me ka maunu, nā huaʻai i make, nā pehe me nā lem, ke koho ʻia me nā mea kanu.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i kahi hoʻokaho komo pū i ka hakakā ʻana i nā poli maʻi.
E like me nā mea a pau e hoʻopuni iā mākou, ʻo nā kiʻi ʻoi lāʻau kekahi mea pono e launa pū ai i ka holoholona hihiu. Akā i ka nalo o nā kūlana ola maʻamau i ka kūlohelohe a me ka nele o ka kaohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu, hiki i nā kiʻi ke lilo i pōʻino maoli no ke ola o ke kanaka.
Nā kumuhana leka uila kaulana
Wahi a ka ʻike moʻomeheu, ua ulu ka haipule i ka wā ma mua o ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki SM. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma Roma. Ma kēia manaʻo ua hāpai i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka poʻe pono ʻole a pau, ka poʻe i makemake e ʻimi i ka hoʻopono.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale maikaʻi o Ulan-Ude, aia ma kahi o Lake Baikal, he liʻiliʻi e ʻike. E ka poʻe e noho nei ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, i ka manawa lohe lākou i ka inoa o kēia kūlanakauhale, manaʻo lākou aia ia ma Mongolia a i kahi ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ma Russia.
Hāʻawi ka helehelena i ka honua i nā holoholona he mau kupaianaha, a ʻo kahi hedgehog maʻamau ʻaʻole he mea ʻē. He poʻe liʻiliʻi ʻole ka poʻe e ʻike ʻole i ke ʻano o kēia holoholona. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka holoholona a nani hoʻi i kā hoihoi, he paʻakikī loa ia e ʻohi iā ia.