ʻAʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui o Arizona e ʻike e ʻaʻole pau ka spider āpana. I waena o lākou aia kona "puʻu keʻokeʻo" - ka pua puaʻa puaʻa ʻo Bagheera Kiplingi. Inā hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano kīnā ʻole e like me nā meaʻai like ʻole, a laila ma ka papa ʻaina āpana o kēia spider he 100% ʻano o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Lagohe Spider Bagheera kiplingi (lat.Lathe Bagheera kiplingi) (hānau ʻO Vegetarian spider)
Noho nā kahu herbivorous ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: ma Mexico, Costa Rica, Belize, Guatemala. Noho lākou i nā lau acacia mai ka genus Vachellia, ma hope o nā popo mai ka genus Pseudomyrmex. ʻO kēia lāʻau lāʻau ko lākou home a me ke kime. I like paha e ola a ʻoliʻoli, akā kā lākou mau hoalauna ʻē aʻe kā lākou mau hakakā mau.
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā hōʻiliʻili he kumu maʻamau ia o ka meaʻai - nā māka Belt - nā ʻōmumu ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi ma nā kumu aʻoaʻo o kēlā me kēia lau acacia. He mea waiwai nui lākou ma nā lipids a me nā protein. Hoʻopili kēia mau kino i ka 90% o kaʻai spider, ʻo ke koena he 10% ka nectar.
ʻAʻole i maopopo ka mea i makemake ai i nā makemake makemake o nā spider. Aia ka manaʻo i ka ʻimi a me ka huli ʻana no nā mea hihiu i hoʻolōʻihi i ka ikaika a me ka manawa, a me ka acacia me kāna mau mea kanu e kū pono ana ma kona ʻaoʻao, a ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka makahiki.
ʻO nā popoki e noho ana ma kēia mau lāʻau ʻimi, me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki kuahiwi spiderant. ʻO ka ʻāpana hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia iā lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, mālama pono lākou i kēia mea kanu mai nā mea kanu palupalu, a ma hope hoʻi e hāʻawi ai iā lākou i ka meaʻai. ʻAihue wale nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa iā Herbivorous i ka meaʻai mai lākou a haʻalele i ka wahi o ka hewa. A hana lākou me ka dexterity kupaianaha a me ka naʻauao. Mahalo i kā lākou mau maka maikaʻi loa (8 mau maka ma hope o nā mea a pau!), Ke ʻike nei lākou i ke kahua o ka papa lawena mai kahi mamao aku a hoʻololi koke i ko lākou ala holo. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka pūnaewele.
Mata
Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua a puni ka makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūnoi i nā noke maʻamau me ka nui o ka lehulehu ka lehulehu, kahi paʻa i ka hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kāne mai ka hoouka ʻana o nā popo. ʻO kā lākou helu ma ka mea kanu hoʻokahi e hiki ke hōʻea i hoʻokahi mau haneli. ʻO nā hua hou i honi ʻia no kekahi mau manawa i lalo o ka mana o ka "nannies".
I ka nui o nā heluna kanaka, loaʻa i ka nui o nā helu wahine. ʻOi aku lākou i 2 mau manawa i mua o nā kāne. He mea maʻalahi ke kuhikuhi i ka helehelena i ka helehelena. He wahi ʻulaʻula kona: ʻo ka cephalothorax ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal i hoʻonani ʻia me ka wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua ʻōpū ʻia ka ʻōpū kuʻikuʻu i kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā laina laulā lōʻihi, ʻo nā wāwae he brown brown. I nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpū a hui ʻia i nā kiʻi brown.
Pūnaewele punahele Wahine ʻo Herbivore spider wahine
ʻO nā mea noiʻi i ʻike i kēia ʻano meʻe i ka makahiki 1896 - ʻo ke kāne lāua ʻo George a me Elizabeth Peckham - ʻo ia ka mea nui o nā mea punahele o ka mea kākau ʻo Rudyard Kipling, ka mea i kapa mua i ka ʻimi ma hope o kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo ma The Jungle Book, Panther Bagheera.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo Robert L. Curry ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo Robert L. Curry
A ma kā mākou papa pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i nā mea hoihoi nani a nani loa i ka honua.
Kaukaʻi
I ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ola, he ola ʻo ia ʻo Sphe Bagheera Kipling. He kaupo āpau kēia mea e pīhoihoi ai, ʻo ia, e like me kā pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa, he mau mākaʻikaʻi nui ākea a me nā hiki. Akā he mea nō hoʻi ia kahi hōʻailona e wehe iā ia mai 40,000 mau ʻano spider - he aneʻoneʻo ia o kahi mea ulu.
Kokoke nā kikoʻī āpau āpau. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi me ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ma ka hopena ke honi nei lākou i nā ʻōpū kūwili o ka mea make. Inā ʻai lākou i nā mea kanu, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia, aneane ʻaʻole i ka ulia. Noho hou kekahi i ka nectar i ka manawa ma ka ʻai o kā lākou ʻai ʻana. Hoʻopau maoli kekahi i ka pollen, hoʻoili i kā lākou pūnaewele.
Akā ʻo Bagheera Kipling kahi meaʻokoʻa. Ua ʻike ʻo Christopher Mian o ke Kulanui o Villanova e hoʻohana nā spider i kahi hui like o nā ʻolima a me ka acacia. Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lāʻau hua lāʻau i nā ʻalopela e pale iā lākou a hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hūnā i nā ʻalā mauʻu a me nā ulu maikaʻi ʻana i nā lau i kapa ʻia nā kino Belt. Ua aʻo ʻia nā pēpē a Kipling i aihue i kēia mau leʻaleʻa mai nā ʻoloka, a ma muli o kēia, lilo lākou i mau mea kanu (kokoke) i waena o nā mea ulu.
Ua hala ʻo Mien i ʻehiku mau makahiki e nānā ana i nā ʻikepili a me pehea e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia e loaʻa pinepine nā ʻōpala ma ka acacias ma kahi e noho ai nā popo, no ka mea e ulu nā kino Belt ma ka acacias wale nō i ka neʻe ʻana o nā popo.
Ma Mekiko, ua kūkulu nā kino Belt i ka 91% o kā kaʻai ʻana o ka ʻuha, a ma Costa Rica, 60%. ʻOi iki ka inu ʻana i ka nectar, a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi i ka ʻai - ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo, ʻai i ka huaʻī o nā kime, lele a me nā poʻe o kā lākou ʻano ʻano.
Ua hōʻoia ʻo Mian i kāna mau hopena ma ka nānā ʻana i ka māhele kemana o ke kino o ka spider. Nana aku la oia i ka mahele o elua isotopes nitrogen: N-15 a me N-14. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻai i nā mea kanu mea kanu he pae haʻahaʻa o N-15 ma lalo o ka mea ʻai ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, a ʻo Bagira Kipling he 5% haʻahaʻa o kēia isotope i ke kino ma mua o nā ʻano manuahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Mien ma ke kiʻekiʻe o nā isotopes carbon, C-13 a me C-12. Loaʻa iā ia i loko o ke kino o ka mea kanu vegetarian a me nā kino Belt, ua like ka like o ka hoʻohālike, he ʻano maʻamau no nā holoholona a me kā lākou meaʻai.
ʻAi ʻia nā kino Belt, akā ʻaʻole i maʻalahi. ʻO ka mea mua, aia kahi pilikia o nā kahu hipa. ʻO ka hoʻolālā a Bagipira Kipling he mau ʻaihue a me ka hoʻokō kanaka. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i nā nike ma nā kuʻuna o nā lau kahiko loa, kahi hele ʻole nā popo. Hoʻōla ikaika ka poʻe punaewele i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana. Inā puki lākou i kahi kihi, hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou mau wāwae ikaika no ka lele lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻohana lākou i kahi pūnaewele, kau ʻia i ka lewa a hala ke pilikia. Ua kākau ʻo Mien i kekahi mau hoʻolālā, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea āpau o ka ʻike hoihoi i ʻike ʻia no ka kaulana o ka spider racing.
ʻOiai inā ʻo Bagire Kipling e holo a pakele mai ka pākekō, aia nō i ka pilikia. Hana nui nā kino o nā pōkā, a me nā ʻio, i ka ʻatikala, ʻaʻole pono me ia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻūpio ke hoʻomālamalama i ka meaʻai, hoʻowalewale lākou i kā lākou mau mea pōkole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaʻala a me nā wai momona, a laila "inu" i ke koena wai inu. Hoʻopili loa ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ka pili ʻana o Bagheera Kipling iā ia.
I nā āpau a pau, pono ia. ʻO nā kino ka māka i mākaukau nā wahi a me ka mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka makahiki a puni. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā meaʻai a nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i ka Bagipers Kipling ka pōmaikaʻi. Hiki i kēia lā ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi e "hui ai" nā poʻeʻehā "me acacias.
19.06.2017
ʻO Bagira Kiplinga, he mea laau vegetarian spider (Latin Bagheera kiplingi), ʻokoʻa i ka nui o kona mau ʻulaʻāina kūwaho i kona ʻano kūʻai ʻole e ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu.
Aia kēia ʻano kūʻokoʻa no ka ʻohana Spider-lio (Latin Salticidae) a ʻo ia kekahi o nā māka ʻehā o ka huaʻōlelo Bagheera i ʻike ʻepekema. Hiki iā ia ke ʻokiʻoki i nā palaʻai poʻo, ʻaʻole kali e kali i nā mea hoʻokuʻi o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi i loko o kahi kokā wai.
ʻIke moʻolelo
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bagheera Kiplingi i ka makahiki 1896 e kekahi mau kāne kolohe o nā mea hoʻopihapiha o George a me Elizabeth Peckham. Koi ikaika loa lākou nā mea loea manuahi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka manawa 1883-1909. ua hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi a wehewehe i nā ʻano gen 63 a me 366 mau ʻano o nā ʻano manu.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea kikoʻī i loaʻa iā lākou ma ka nahele Mekiko he wikiwiki loa a he peke. ʻAno laki lākou i ka wehewehe wale ʻana i ke kāne, a ua kapa lākou iā ia ma hope o ka pantae ʻeleʻele mai ka “Jungle Book” e Rudyard Kipling. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahine ma loko o vivo i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki mai nā mea kū maoli ʻAmelika ʻo Wayne Maddison.
Ma 2008, ua lohe ka hālāwai makahiki o ka Hui Pūʻali ʻElekanika o ʻAmelika (ESA) i kahi moʻolelo e Christopher Meehan a me kāna mau hoa hana ma ke kula ʻo Villanova (Philadelphia, PA) i nā hopena o nā haʻawina ʻehiku mau makahiki e noho nei i Mexico a ma ke komohana ʻākau o Costa Rica.
ʻO ka hoihoi kūikawā, ʻo ia ka hōʻike o nā mea ʻai puaʻa. Ka mea, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 tausani mau mea spider i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, ʻo Bagheera Kipling wale nō ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea ʻai meaʻai. Ma mua o kēia, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nā poʻe spider a pau a me ka hiki ke hoʻolaʻa i nā enzyme no ka hana ʻana o nā huahana o ka lāʻau. G
Ma hope mai, ua puka kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i kēia holoholona kūikawā i ka nūpepa Current Biology.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike a me ke ʻano
ʻO na ʻano ka mea ʻo Bagheera kiplingi i Mexico, Ecuador a me Costa Rica. Noho nui ka mea nui ma nā ululā pōkā ulu, kahi e ulu ai ka acacia o ka genus Vachellia.
I mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho mai nā pōlele Pseudomyrmex e noho ana i ko lākou cortex, huna kēia mau lāʻau i nā kino Belt, kahi waiwai kūikawā e ʻike ʻia ana ma nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e wehe a lawelawe i ka meaʻai. I ka mahalo, nā nāhelepau paʻakikī ikaika e pale aku i ka acacias limahana mai nā parasites he nui.
Kuhi nā keiki kīwī o ke keiki e noho ana ma kā lākou mau lālā ma luna o ka meaʻai nui a noho a 90% o ka nui o kaʻai. Ma kahi o ia mea, ua hānai lākou i ka polen a manawa aihue lākou i nā ʻōpio antest, e holo ana mai ka poʻe hahai ʻumi i ko lākou mau wāwae lōʻihi.
Ke makaʻu nei lākou i nā ʻōpio a pale ākea i ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me lākou, akā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻano a pau. Hoʻonoho maʻalahi lākou, parasitize i nā limahana, ʻaihue aihue lākou i kā lākou mea pio.
Nā mea hoihoi o ko lākou helehelena i hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻia e ka pakeke Pseudomyrmex. Kēia ʻōnaehana ʻano like ʻole iā lākou mai nā manu insectivorous a mai nā ʻili pū kekahi.
Mālama ka Pūnaewele i nā ʻuʻina maʻamau, e noho ana i hoʻokahi mea kanu e nā haneli o nā kānaka hoʻokahi a e hoʻonohonoho i nā pūʻali koa āpau o nā kāne no ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka pale kaua ʻana. Hoʻopau nā wahine i kā lākou hua i ka makahiki a puni ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi manawa.
Aia kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi hoʻololi e pili ana i ka holomua o ka hana me ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻuluʻulu hou ʻana, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i nā loli a me nā hoʻololi i ka microflora intestinal. Ua hoʻomaka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāne kāne i ka hānai ʻana a me ka pale o nā hua, kahi e hōʻike ai i ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka hui kaiaulu o nā mea kanu.
ʻO keʻano
ʻOi aku ka lua o nā males a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā wahine, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi cephalothorax pōkole me kahi wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ke kua a me kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula me nā laina ʻōmaʻomaʻo longitudinal.
I nā wahine, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka cephalothorax me nā ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, a kāʻei ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā palu ma ko lākou ʻōpū. Uaʻike lākou i nā forepaws ikaika, lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi me ke koʻikoʻi ma mua o ke koena. He ʻalani a i ʻole he melemele paha.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū, me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma luna o kahi ʻulaʻula kukui.
ʻO Mosaic o nāʻoiaʻiʻo, nā moʻolelo a me nā kiʻi
Noho hou iā mākou ke ola he 42 tausani mau ʻano pūliki. ʻO lākou āpau ke kuleana i ka mea kahakaha, e hānai nui i nā pepeke a i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō. Pau a hoʻokahi. E hui: ʻo ke ao nei wale nō ka mea ola maikaʻi ʻo Bagheera Kiplinga (Latin Bagheera kiplingi).
ʻO kēia keʻano o nā lio spider mai ka subfamily Dendryphantinae. Ua hoʻolaha nui lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica a me Guatemala. Noho lākou ma ka acasia, ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kanu, loaʻa lākou mai nā kino Belt ma nā kuʻuna o nā lau akasia a, i kahi ʻano, mai nectar.
ʻO Spouses George lāua ʻo Elizabeth Peckham, ka mea nāna i wehewehe i kēia mau ʻano i ka makahiki 1896, ua kapa ʻia ia i ka ʻimi e hoʻohanohano iā Bagheera - ke ʻano o ka "Jungle Book" na Rudyard Kipling. ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i ka mea a lākou i ʻike ai iā ia i loko o ka panther, ʻoiai kou noʻonoʻo ʻana he male ʻo Kipling. Me ka hopohopo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke wehewehe ʻana o ka Packham i kahi kāne male o kēia ʻano. Ua loaʻa wale nā wahine i hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope mai i ka makahiki e ka mea noiʻi ʻAmelika ʻē aʻe, ʻo Wayne Madison.
Noho wale ʻo Kipling kāne a Bagira i kahi mea hoʻokūkū ma ko lākou mau lālā. Akā hiki i ka wahine ke hana i nā ʻōpala maʻamau o ka hua, e mālama iā lākou i ka huli a mālama pū i nā hua hānau hou, kahi kūpono. Eia kekahi, hiki i kā lākou helu ke nui loa a ma nā manawa kūpono i ka lāʻau hoʻokahi āu e ʻike ai i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli o kēia mau ʻalā.
I koʻu hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pou, ua ʻōleʻe nā laina a Vysotsky i loko o koʻu poʻo: "A hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka platoon i ke kauoha, Akā naʻe kekahi mea ʻaʻole i paʻi." 😁 ʻAe, kūpono loa.
Ua makemake paha ʻoe i ka mea ʻai vegetarian? 🕸🕸