Ua ʻike ʻia ua ma United States, ma Los Angeles, ʻo ka ʻīlio i kapa ʻia ʻo Pavlov, he pua Corgi, i puka ʻia ma ke kulanui a loaʻa pū kahi diploma.
Wahi a Mashable, hoʻomaka ka mea āpau me Pavlov i hana ma ke alakaʻi ma ke kulanui, e hōʻike ana i nā malihini i nā wahi kiʻi nani loa. A ma hope o kekahi manawa ulu a ulu a laila ke puka puka ʻana ma ke ʻano.
Ua puka o Kaleponi doggie Pavlov mai ke kulanui a loaʻa kahi diploma.
ʻO ka mea hana haʻahaʻa ʻo Pavlov i lilo i mea nona ka "diploma ʻīlio" kūikawā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e wehewehe ʻia i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka diploma i loaʻa iā Pavlov, akā, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻōki i ka poʻe kahu ʻīlio - ʻo Elaine lāua ʻo Anthony - mai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i puka puka maoli no kā lākou holoholona.
Ua hoʻokau ʻo Elaine me Anthony i kahi ʻoihana maoli no ka holoholona.
Ma ke ala, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Anthony pono i kēia pae kula hoʻonaʻauao, a e lilo ʻo Elaine i puka puka ma kēia makahiki. Pēlā ke kumu o kēia kolamu, ʻo ka moʻomeheu ʻohana, ia i kākoʻo ʻia e nā ʻīlio wale nō.
Pavlov: hoʻokolohua ma nā ʻīlio
Ua hānau ʻia ka ʻepekema ma Ryazan, a hiki i kēia lā kahi hale ʻai hale. Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka hope o ka kenekulia 19 i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hahai ma ka pololei kūpono mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka anatomy a me ka physiology o nā mea ola ola.
I.P. I ka wā mua o Pavlov i noiʻi i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka pona o ke kaomi ʻana, ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua he nui i nā holoholona Ma hope loa, ua kuhi ʻia kekahi ʻano mea i loaʻa i ka manawa mua e wehewehe i ka pane ʻana o nā mea ola ola i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana (a i loko) paha. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pavlov i kēlā mau hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ka hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i loko o nā kūlana. ʻO kēia ka hoʻomaka no kahi noi noi hohonu o ka ʻōnaehana kūloko o ke kanaka, me ka manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o kā mākou psychoemotional.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka hana ʻepekema ʻo ka hui ʻana i St. Petersburg, ma ka Institute of Experimental Medicine. Ma kāna kumu, ua hoʻohana ʻo Ivan Petrovich i nā makahiki he nui i ka noiʻi a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻokoʻa i kēlā manawa. I ka makahiki 1904, ua lilo ia i mea mua ma Rūsia e loaʻa i ka makana Nobel a me ka hoʻohanohano honua.
ʻO nā ʻīlio kahi pilina nui i loko o nā hoʻokolohua āpau i alakaʻi ʻia e Ivan Petrovich a me kāna mau mea hahai. Ua hana ʻia nā holoholona ma kahi e ola ana lākou a pau. ʻOiai naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo Pavlov he kanaka loko ʻino a hopohopo nui loa ia, ua nalowale i kekahi o kāna mau holoholona i ka papa ʻaina hana. Wahi a ka mea kulaʻāina, ʻoiai nā ʻīlio i kūpaʻa loa iā ia ʻaʻole pono lākou e koi ʻia e hele i ke keʻena hana: me he mea lā maopopo lākou i ka mea nui o kā lākou lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻepekema a ʻaʻole hoʻi i kū'ē.
ʻO ka Institute of Experimental Medicine kahi kikowaena kikowaena o ka noho maikaʻi, ua uhi ʻia ma nā moʻolelo gloomy. Ma loko nō o ia, ua hoʻokele ʻo Pavlov i nā hoʻokolohua āpau, ʻo nā kumu nui o ka noho ʻana i ke ʻano kūlohelohe maoli, i ʻole ʻole e hoʻokauʻi ʻole ʻia ka ʻīlio o nā ʻīlio mai nā hōʻailona maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea noiʻi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻē ʻia nā holoholona, a ua pōʻino ke kukui i loko o ka hale (ʻoiai, he mea hiki ke hāpai i nā manaʻo i loko o ke kaumaha a me nā manaʻo hopohopo i kekahi mau mea hoʻomohala).
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa manawa?
A laila, e hoʻohana i! E kiʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao hou!
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻīlio i kahi mīkini i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi paʻa i paʻa me nā kaula i hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke waiho. ʻO Pavlov iā ia i ka hele ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua ma ka lumi aʻe, hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona kani, hāʻawi i nā holoholona hānai a nānā iā lākou ma o ka periscope. ʻO nā manaʻo āpau a ka ʻīlio e noʻonoʻo pono i nā hōʻailona o ka mea hoʻāʻo: me ke kōkua o ke ʻano loea kūikawā, ua kau ʻia ke kukui kīnā ʻole, a ua hānai ka meaʻai ma ka pēpē ʻana i ka pa a i ʻole ka pā.
Hoʻopau
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ivan Petrovich ma Kepakemapa 14 (26), 1849 ma ke kūlanakauhale o Ryazan. ʻO nā kūpuna ʻo Pavlov ma ka ulana makua a me nā laina hānau makuahine, he mau mākaʻi lākou i loko o ka hale pule o ka Orthodox Russian. Makua Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), makuahine - Varvara Ivanovna (nee Uspenskaya) (1826-1890) [* 1].
Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ke kula kula ʻo Ryazan i ka makahiki 1864, ua komo ʻo Pavlov i ka Ryazan Theological Seminary, a laila hoʻomakaʻo ia me ka mahana aloha. I ka makahiki i hala o ka seminare, ua heluhelu ʻo ia i kahi puke liʻiliʻi, "Nā Reflexes o ka ʻohi," naʻu ʻo Profesor I. M. Sechenov, i hoʻohuli i kona ola a pau. I ka makahiki 1870 ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o Law of University o St. Petersburg (ua kau palena ʻia nā haumāna puka kula ma ko lākou koho i nā ʻoihana ma ke kulanui) akā, 17 mau lā ma hope o ke komo ʻana ua neʻe ʻo ia i ka keʻena kūlohelohe o ke keʻena ʻo Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University, i hoʻowalewale i ka mōlia holoholona holoholona ma I.F. Siona me F.V. Ovsyannikov.
ʻO Pavlov, e like me ka mea hahai o ke kāʻei ʻo Sechenov i ka pīhoihoi, ua pili i nā hoʻoponopono kuhi he nui. Pono ʻo Sechenov e haʻalele i ka puka kula, ma hope mai i ka puka ʻana mai Petersburg a Odessa, kahi āna i hana ai no kekahi manawa ma Novorossiysk University. ʻO kāna keʻena i ke Medical and Surgical Academy i lawe ʻia e ke kumu punahele punahele ʻo Pavlova, kahi haumāna o Karl Ludwig, ʻo Ilya Faddeevich Zion. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Pavlov i hāpai i ka hana hoʻokele virtuoso mai Ziona mai, akā, i loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o ka poʻokela o nāʻike ʻepekema maoli ma ke kulanui, ua hui pū ʻo ia me ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mau kula olakino kiʻekiʻe me ka hana ma ke kahua ʻo Ziona ma ka ʻĀpana Art o Moscow. Akā i kēlā manawa haʻalele ʻo Siona iā Russia. I ka makahiki 1875, mahalo i ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kulanui, ua komo koke ʻo Pavlov i ka makahiki 3 o ka Medical and Surgical Academy (ʻo kēia manawa ʻo Military Medical Academy, Military Medical Academy), a ma ka manawa like (1876-1878) ua hana ʻo ia i ka lua o ka kahu ʻai o nā haumāna ʻē aʻe o Karl Ludwig - K. N. Ustimovich ma ke Keʻena o ka Physiology o ke Keʻena Hoʻolālā o nā Kauka Medical and Surgical Academy. I ke kauoha a Ustimovich, i ke kauwela o 1877, hele ʻo Pavlov i Kelemānia, kahi āna i hana ai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻo Rudolf Heidengain ma Breslau (ʻo Wroclaw, Polani). I ka pau ʻana o ke papa o ka papa kulanui, i ka makahiki 1878, ua hana ʻo ia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o kekahi o kāna mau kumu aʻo, ʻo haumāna iā Claude Bernard S.P. Botkin, i loko o ka hale kula i kāna keʻena kūleʻa i ka Medical and Surgical Academy. Wahi a nā memo e Pavlov, ʻo ka hoaaloha o Sechenov ʻo Botkin ʻo ia ka mea lapaʻau maikaʻi loa, a ua manaʻo ʻo Pavlov iā ia kekahi o nā kumu aʻo nui ʻaʻole ia he kauka, akā he kanaka lapaʻau pū kekahi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo I.P. Pavlov, "ʻo Sergei Petrovich Botkin," ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi maikaʻi no ka hui lōlō a me ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka ʻola, nā ʻano ʻelua o nā hana kanaka i mua o kā mākou mau maka e kūkulu nei i ka kūkulu ʻana o ka ʻepekema o ke kanaka a ke hoʻohiki nei e hoʻolako i ke kanaka i kona hauʻoli maikaʻi loa i ka wā e hiki mai ana. - ke olakino a me ke ola. " Ma muli o ka hana ʻepekema ikaika loa, ua pale ʻo ia i kāna tesis i ka makahiki 1879 wale nō, ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka papa hana. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a S.P. Botkin, Pavlov a me Stolnikov, e aʻo i ka hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hana a Starling a, no laila, aia paha no ka manawa mua i ka honua, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano hana me ka ʻano o ke kaila o ka puni koko. Ma hope o ka pale ʻana i ka dissertation ma nā ʻōpū o nā puʻuwai a me kahi pānaʻi me nā phologistsologists kaulana i Germany, ʻo Karl Ludwig iā ia iho, ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo o kēia laba i ka Botkin Clinic.
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Pavlov ma mua o 10 mau makahiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi fistula (wehe) o kahi kuʻekuʻe gastrointestinal. He paʻakikī loa ʻo ia e hana i ia ʻano hana, ʻoiai ʻo ka wai i ninini ʻia mai ka ʻōpū ua ʻuwelu ʻia i nā ʻōpū a me ka pā o ka ʻōpū. ʻO I.P. Pavlov i kāwili pū i ka ʻili a me ka membrane molile, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpala metala a paʻa iā lākou me nā kāpili, i ʻole ka lua, a hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka wai ʻoni kūlohelohe a pau ma loko o ka ʻāpana gastrointestinal āpau - mai ka kelepa ʻana mai i ka ʻōpū nui, ka mea i hana ʻia e ia ma luna o nā holoholona hoʻokolohua. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua me mea hānai noʻonoʻo (ʻokiʻoki i ka esophagus i komo ʻole ka meaʻai i ka ʻōpū), no laila e hana ana i kahi ʻano ʻike i loko o ka wahi o nā loʻalā o ka ʻili o ka wai o loko o ka ʻai. No 10 mau makahiki, ʻo Pavlov, i loko o ka mea hana, ua hana hou i ka physiology o ka hoʻoneʻe hou. I ka makahiki 1903, ua kākau ʻo Pavlov e 54 makahiki i kahi hale ma XIV International Medical Congress ma Madrid. A i ka lā aʻe, 1904, ka Makana Nobel no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hana o nā hana kūloko koʻikoʻi nui i hāʻawi ʻia i I.P. Pavlov - ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻohanohano Nobel Lūkini mua.
I ka hōʻike a Madrid, i hana ʻia ma Lūkini, ua hoʻokumu mua ʻo I.P. Pavlov i nā kumumanaʻo o ka physiology o ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ke kino e hana nei, kahi āna i hoʻolaʻa ai i nā makahiki 35 hou aʻe o kona ola. ʻO nā manaʻo e like me ka hoʻoikaika, ʻaʻohe i hana a me ka maʻi ʻokoʻa (ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa i unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo "unconditioned" a "ua kūlana ʻia" ʻaʻole "conditional") i lilo i kumumanaʻo kumu o ka ʻepekema hana (ʻike pū kekahi English.) Lūkia.).
I ʻApelila-Mei 1918, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau haʻawina, kahi e hui pū ʻia me ka inoa helu maʻamau "On the Mind in General, ma ka Russian Mind ma Particular", a ka mea i hōʻike loiloi i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manaʻo o ka Lūkini (ʻo ka mea mua loa, ka hemahema o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia).
Ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka Civil War and War Komunism, ʻo Pavlov, ke kaumaha nei, ka nele o nā kālā no ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, ua hōʻole ʻo ia e kono aku i ka Swedish Academy of Science e hele i Sweden, kahi i hoʻohiki ʻia ai e hoʻokumu i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa i ke ola a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema, a hoʻomaka ʻia e kūkulu. Pono ʻo Pavlov kahi papa e like me kona makemake. Pane ʻo Pavlov ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele ma kahi o Rūsia.
A laila pili ka hoʻoholo like ʻana o ke aupuni Soviet, a kūkulu ʻo Pavlov i kahi kaleponi ma Koltushi, kokoke i Leningrad, kahi āna i hana ai a hiki i 1936.
I nā makahiki 1920, mālama ʻo Pavlov i kahi pilina pili me kāna haumāna ʻO Gleb Vasilievich von Anrep (1889-1955), ka mea ma hope o ke kipi ka neʻe ʻana i ka UK. Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Pavlov me ia a hālāwai pinepine ʻo ia i nā ʻaha kūkā o nā ao (ma ke ʻano kūikawā, i ka makahiki 1923 ma Edinburgh, i ka makahiki 1929 ma Boston a New Haven), kōkua ʻo Anrep iā ia me ka unuhi ʻana o nā ʻōlelo ma English, a i ka makahiki 1927 ua unuhi ʻo Anrep i Oxford Ua paʻi ʻia ka puke ʻo Pavlov "Lectures ma ka hana o nā hemispheres cerebral".
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana leʻaleʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i ka "Society of Doctor - Lovers of Exercise and Cycling", ʻo ia ka mea he luna.
Ua make ka wahine kula Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ma Pepeluali 27, 1936 ma Leningrad. Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi pīpī he kumu o ka make. ʻO ka hale kupapaʻu e like me ka Orthodox rite, e like me kona makemake, ua hana ʻia ma ka hale pule o St. ʻO John o Kronstadt i Koltushi, a ma hope iho ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi hana lokomaikaʻi ma ka hale aliʻi o Tauride. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea mālama hanohano ma ka pahu o nā limahana ʻepekema mai nā kula, nā kula loea, nā ʻepekema ʻepekema, nā lālā o ka plenum o ka ʻĀina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo Ivan Petrovich ma nā lua kupapaʻu hoʻomanaʻo ʻia.
ʻO ke keiki a Pavlov he kahunapu ma ka ʻoihana, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ke keʻena ʻoihana ʻo Physics o ke Leningrad State University (i kēia manawa ʻo St. Petersburg State University).
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻohana
E nā hoahānau a me nā kaikuahine
Lā hānau | Tagu inoa | Hoʻohāka |
---|---|---|
Kepakemapa 14, 1849 | Ivan Petrovich | ʻĀpio Farani |
29 Malaki 1851 | Dmitry Petrovich | He kauka i ke kenekulia, kahi haumāna a D. I. Mendeleev, i noho ma New Alexandria |
Ianuali 14, 1853 | Peter Petrovich | Zoologist. Kuku ma luna o ka hopu ʻana i nā makahiki 24 |
Iune 29, 1854 | Nikolay Petrovich | Make ma ke wā kamaliʻi |
24 Mei 1857 | Nikolay Petrovich | Make ma ke wā kamaliʻi |
Mei 17, 1859 | Konstantin Petrovich | Make ma ke wā kamaliʻi |
Mei 16, 1862 | Elena Petrovna | Make ma ke wā kamaliʻi |
Iune 1, 1864 | Sergey Petrovich | Kahuna |
ʻOkakopa 4, 1868 | Nikolay Petrovich | Make ma ke wā kamaliʻi |
Ianuali 22, 1874 | Lidia Petrovna | I ka male a Andreev. He ʻelima mau keiki i hala ma 1946 |
Ua noʻonoʻo liʻiliʻi ʻo Pavlov e pili ana i ka pono o ka waiwai a ʻaʻole i mālama i nā pilikia o kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o kāna male. Hoʻomaka ʻo Poverty iā ia ma hope wale mai o ka makahiki 1881, ua mare ʻo ia ʻo Rostovite Serafima Vasilievna Karchevskaya. Ua hālāwai lākou ma St. Petersburg i ka hopena o 1870. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Serafima Karchevskaya i ka ʻohana o kahi kauka koa ʻo Vasily Avdeevich Karchevsky, ka mea lawelawe i ka Black Sea Fleet. ʻO ka makuahine o Ivan Petrovich ka wahine e hiki mai ana, ʻo Serafima Andreevna Karchevskaya, nee Cosmin, he ʻohana aliʻi kahiko akā naʻe ʻo ia. Ua loaʻa iā ia ke loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. I kona ola a pau, aʻo ka wahine ʻo Serafima Vasilievna i ke keʻena leaka, ma hope mai i lilo ai i alakaʻi, hānai ʻia ʻelima keiki wale nō, ʻoiai ua make ʻo Vasily Avdeevich ma mua o ka make, waiho ana kāna wahine me ka ʻole o ke kālā. ʻO ke kaikamahine a Serafim (home, a laila ʻo Pavlov, no ka hoʻohiki ʻole ʻana me kona makuahine, kāhea ʻo Sara) i hoʻoholo e hahai i nā wāwae o kona makuahine a hele aku i St. Ua aʻo ʻo Serafima Vasilievna i ke kula kula ʻokoʻa no hoʻokahi makahiki kula, ma hope iho ua male ʻo ia iā I.P. Pavlova i ka makahiki 1881, me ka mālama ʻana i kona ola e mālama i ka hale a hānai ʻana i ʻehā mau keiki: ʻo Vladimir (1884-1954), Vera (1890-1964 ), Victor (1892-1919) a me Vsevolod (1893-1935). ʻAʻole ʻo ka makua o Pavlov i ʻae ʻia i kēia mare ʻana, no ka mea, ua ʻilihune ka ʻohana Serafima Vasilievna, a ma ia manawa ua pio aʻe lākou i kahi wahine wahine no kāna keikikāne - ke kaikamahine o ka mea waiwai nui ʻo Petersburg. Akā makemake ʻo Ivan i kāna iho a me ka ʻole o ka ʻae i ka ʻae makua, hele pū ʻo Seraphim e mare i Rostov-on-Don kahi i noho ai kona kaikuahine. ʻO ke kālā no kā lāua male i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻohana a nā ʻohana. I nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, ua ikaika paʻa ʻo Pavlovs. ʻO ke kaikaina hoʻi o Ivan Petrovich, ʻo Dmitry, nāna i hana ma ke kōkua no Mendeleev a he hale ʻāina ia, e hoʻokokoke nā mea hou i ona lā.
Ideologie Soviet
Ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua lilo ʻo Pavlov i hōʻailona no ka ʻepekema Soviet, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi kāna hana ʻepekema i kahi ʻano ideologia (ma kekahi ʻano, ua lilo ke kula ʻo Pavlov (a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo Pavlov). Ma lalo o ka hua'ōlelo "pale i ka hoʻoilina Pavlovian", i kapa ʻia ka "Pavlovian Session" o ka USSR Academy of Science a me nā USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (hoʻonohonoho - - K. M. Bykov, A. G. Ivanov-Smolensky) i mālama ʻia i ka makahiki 1950, kahi i hana ʻino ʻia ai nā alakaʻi ʻola e ko nā ʻāina. ʻO kēia kulekele naʻe, eia nō naʻe me ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi me ka manaʻo o Pavlov (ʻike, no ka hoʻohālike, i kāna mau ʻōlelo ma lalo).
Nā papa o ke ola
Ua kipa ʻo Pavlov iā Rostov-on-Don a ʻelua mau manawa i lilo ai i ʻelua mau makahiki: i ka makahiki 1881 ma hope o ka mare ʻana a i ka makahiki 1887 me kāna wahine a me kāna keiki. I ka manawa ʻelua i noho ʻo Pavlov ma ka hale hoʻokahi, ma ka alamat: st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, 97. Ua mālama ʻia ka hale a hiki i kēia lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pahu hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo i ka mana.
I ka makahiki 1883, ua pale ʻo Pavlov i ka disertation o ke kauka "Ma nā puʻupuʻu sentrifugal o ka naʻau."
I ka makahiki 1884-1886, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Pavlov e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike ma waho ma Breslau a me Leipzig, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia i nā hale hana o W. Wundt, R. Heidengain a me K. Ludwig.
I ka makahiki 1890, ua koho ʻia ʻo Pavlov i kahakaha nui a he luna o ke keʻena lāʻau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Military Medical Academy, a i ka makahiki 1896 - ke poʻo o ke keʻena o ka physiology, i hoʻomaka ai a hiki i 1924. Ma ka manawa like (mai ka 1890) ʻo Pavlov - ke poʻo o ke keʻena ʻolima i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka Prince A.P. Oldenburg Institute of Experimental Medicine.
Ua makemake ke ʻepekema nei e hoʻomaha me kāna wahine ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sillamae (ʻo Estonia kekahi manawa), kahi mai 1891 a hiki i ka liliuli ua hoʻolimalima lākou i kahi hale kauwela nui loa no ka manawa kauwela holoʻokoʻa, no ʻekolu mau mahina - Iune, Iulai, ʻAukake. Aia ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Türsamäe i ka ʻāpana ʻo A. Valdmann. I ke kakahiaka, hanaʻo Ivan Petrovich i loko o kahi māla pua. Hoʻomono ʻo ia i ka lepo ma nā moena pua pua, kanu mau a kanu i nā pua, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka one ma nā ala. I ke ahiahi, haʻalele ka ʻohana i nā hua ʻaʻai a i ʻole ʻāleu, e koi ʻia ana ka ʻaila ahiahi. I ka hora 11 o ia ahiahi, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Pavlov i kāna hui gorodoshny no ka pāʻani ʻana i nā kaona. ʻO ka hui nui ʻo Pavlov iā ia iho, he ʻunehana loea D. S. Zernov, mea hana R. A. Berggolz a N. N. Dubovskoy.
Hoʻomoʻa pinepine nā kamaʻāina i nā limahana o ke kūlanakauhale - ʻenehana A. S. Famitsin, Kaukaolelo V. I. Palladin, Kaukaolelo A. A. Yakovkin, makuakāne makua kāne a me ke keiki o ka Stroganovs, Nā haumāna a Pavlov - nā haumāna i hope L. A. Orbeli, V.I. Voyachek a me nā haumāna ʻē aʻe, nā keiki a Ivan Petrovich a me ko lākou mau hoa noho. ʻO nā kūkā kūkākūkā a mālama ʻia e ka poʻe hele nui o ke kūlanakauhale ka ʻano o ke ʻano kula o ka ʻōpio no nā ʻōpio.
I ka makahiki 1904, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Pavlov i ka makana Nobel i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka physiology no ka "hoʻoliʻi" ʻana o ka pehu maoli maoli o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana.
I ka makahiki 1935, ma ka 15th International Congress of Physiologists, ua lilo ʻo Ivan Petrovich i lei aliʻi hanohano me ka inoa o "Elder of the Physiologists of the World." ʻAʻole hoʻi i loaʻa a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka loea e like me kahi hanohano.
ʻO nā helu ma St. Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad)
Nā puka | ʻO keʻano | ʻO ka helu |
---|---|---|
Kepakemapa 01, 1870 - ʻApelila 13, 1871 | ʻO ka hale noho hale o Baroness Rall | Sredny prospekt, 7 |
ʻOkakopa 1872 | Hale Kūʻai | Millionnaya alanui, 26 |
Novemaba 1872 - Ianuali 1873 | Laina 5, 40 | |
Ianuali - Kepakemapa 1873 | Hale kikowaena A. I. Likhacheva | Sredny prospekt, 28 |
Kepakemapa 1873 - Ianuali 1875 | Kapuai 4, 55 | |
1876-1886 | ʻO ka hale kūkulu nui o ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o St. | Universitetskaya Embankment, 7 |
1886-1887 | ʻO kahi hale waho o ka hale o Kutuzovs | ʻAnklelo ʻia ʻo Gagarinskaya, 30 |
1887-1888 | ʻO A.P. ʻO Simanovsky hale hale o Strakhov's apartment apartment | Ke alanui Furshtatskaya, 41 |
1888 - Autole 1889 | Hale ʻO Kutuzov | ʻAnklelo ʻia ʻo Gagarinskaya, 30 |
ʻAiʻao 1889 - 1918 | Hale kikowaena | ʻO ke alanui Bolshaya Pushkarskaya, 18, apt. 2 |
1918 - Pepeluali 27, 1936 | Hoʻomaka ʻo Nikolaevskaya, 1, ʻae. umikumākahi |
Noho kūlana
Quotes by I.P. Pavlov:
- "... ʻO wau ʻo wau, a e noho mau wau i Lūkini, ke keiki a ka ʻāina makuahine, ua makemake nui au i kona ola, ke ola nei au i kāna mau makemake, hoʻoikaika wau i koʻu hanohano me kāna hanohano"
- “Ua noho mākou a ola i lalo o ka mana o ka weliweli a me ka hana ʻino. ʻO ka hapa nui loa i ʻike ʻia i nā mea like o ko mākou ola me nā ola o nā mea haʻaʻaka ʻAmelika kahiko. E aloha mai i ko mākou ʻāina a me mākou ”
- "Ke neʻe nei ʻo ʻepekema me nā jerks, pili i nā kūleʻa i hana ʻia e ka metology"
- Mai kahi ʻōlelo a I.P. Pavlov i Kekemapa 1929 ma ka Medical Medical mua ma Leningrad i ka hanana o ka 100 makahiki hānau o I.M.Sechenov:
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka paukū i loko o ka Statute of the Academy [of Science] e pono e mālama ʻia nā hana a pau ma luna o ke kahua o nā aʻo a Marx a me Engels - ʻaʻole anei kēia ka hana ʻino nui i ka manaʻo ʻepekema? Pehea ka mea i like ai me ka Inquisition medie? Kauoha ʻia mākou (!) I nā lālā o ka Kahuna Kahiko Nui Nui e koho i nā poʻe hiki ʻole iā mākou ke ʻike me he mau ʻepekema. Ua luku ʻia kekahi mau naʻau o ka naʻau mua. "Noho mākou i kahi kaiāulu kahi i nā mokuʻāina āpau. He mea ʻole ke kanaka, ʻaʻohe ʻōpiopio e like me ka wā e hiki mai ana i kekahi o Volkhovstroi a me Dneproges." |
- Mai kahi leka a hiki i ke Kuhina Ola o ka ʻFSlelo RSFSR G. N. Kaminsky i ka lā 10 ʻOkakopa, 1934:
Minamina, ʻike wau e pili ana i kāu hōʻano kupanaha i kahi kūlike loa iā ʻoe. Ua kaumaha loa ʻo ia iaʻu ... Nā makahiki o ka weliweli a me ka makemake ʻole o ka mana o ka mana e hoʻohuli i kā mākou ʻano ʻAmelika i mea hilahila. Akā pehea e hiki ai ke hana maikaʻi me nā kauwā kāne? Nā ʻāpana? ʻAe, akā ʻaʻole he leʻaleʻa maoli kanaka maoli. ʻO ka pōʻino a me ka pōloli hou i ka pā nui o ka poʻe me ko lākou mau hoa aloha nui - ʻo nā maʻi ākea ka hōʻino i ka ikaika o ka poʻe. E kala mai iaʻu: ke kākau hewa nei wau i kuʻu minamina. |
- Mai kahi leka a SNK i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 21 Dekemaba, 1934:
He manaʻo lapuwale ʻole ʻoe i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ao nei. ʻAʻole ʻoe e lūlū i kahi kipi i ka honua moʻomeheu, akā ʻo ka fascism me ka kūleʻa nui. ʻAʻohe mea iʻike i mua o kāu kipi. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō, ʻelua wale nō kāu loiloi ma mua o kou lanakila ʻana i ʻOkakopa ʻaʻole i lawa no nā pēpē politika o ke Aupuni Kūlana. ʻAʻole makemake nā aupuni ʻē aʻe āpau e ʻike i ka home i ka mea a mākou i loaʻa ai, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻāpono ʻia lākou i ka manawa e hoʻohana ai i kāu mea i hoʻohana ai e pale i kēia - weliweli a me ka hana ʻino. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻole mai ka ʻūlū ʻana o ka honua i ka wikiwiki o ka holomua o ke kanaka no kekahi manawa, akā, mai ka mea e hana ʻia nei ma ko mākou ʻāina a ʻo koʻu manaʻo hoʻi e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia i koʻu ʻāina |
- E pili ana i ka vivisection (ʻōlelo ʻōlelo mai ka puke a A. D. Popovsky):
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua pili i ka hopena me ka make o ka holoholona, ʻike wau i ke kaumaha kaumaha nui no ka wā e uhai wau i ke ola jubilant, ʻo wau ka mea nāna i hana i kahi mea ola. Ke oki nei, luku aku i ka holoholona ola, kū wau i ka hōʻino caustic i loko oʻu e uhaʻi au i ka hana hoʻokalakupua ʻole a me ka lima paʻa ʻole. Aka, hapai au i ka pono o ka oiaio, no ka pomaikai o kanaka. A hāʻawi mai lākou e kau iaʻu, ʻo kaʻu hana vivisection ma lalo o ka mālama mau ʻana o kekahi. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka luku a me, ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hoʻomau i nā holoholona no ka leʻaleʻa a me ka leʻaleʻa o nā mauʻahe piha i koe me ka mālama ʻole. Ma ka huhū a me ka hilinaʻi hohonu wau e haʻi ana iaʻu iho, ae ʻae aku i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e haʻi: ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole kēia kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe i ke aloha no ka ʻeha ʻana o ka poʻe a pau a hoʻouna ʻia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻike o ka huhū mau a me ka paio o ka naʻaupō ʻana i ka ʻepekema. ! |
- E pili ana i ka hoʻomana:
E ʻimi ka manaʻo kanaka i ke kumu o nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana, a i ke ʻano hoʻi i ke kumu hope loa, ʻo ia ke Akua. I kāna noi e ʻimi i ke kumu o nā mea āpau, hiki aku ʻo ia i ke Akua. Akā ʻaʻole wau manaʻoʻiʻo i ke Akua, ʻaʻohe wau manaʻoʻiʻo. |
ʻO wau ... ka poʻe hoʻonaʻauao ponoʻī i ka ʻoka o nā iwi a hoʻopau i ka hoʻomana ... ʻO wau ke keiki a ke kahuna, ua ulu wau i kahi hoʻomana haipule, eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai wau e heluhelu i nā puke like ʻole i ka makahiki 15-16 a ua loaʻa i kēia nīnau, ua loli au a maʻalahi hoʻi iaʻu ... He kanaka oia iho e kiola aku i ka manao o ke Akua. |
... A no koʻu kūlou, hilinaʻi i ke Akua, haipule, hele a wahaheʻe wale nō. He seminaryo wau, a, e like me ka hapa nui o nā seminari, mai kahi kula ua lilo wau i mea atheist, atheist. ʻAʻole pono au i ke Akua ... No ke aha lā he nui ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo wau, he hilinaʻi i ka hoʻomana hoʻomana? No ka mea, ke kūʻē nei au i ka hōʻino i ka ʻekalesia, o ka hoʻomana ... Ua lawe ʻia mai ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka poʻe i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana, i mea e pono ʻole ai ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ke Akua iho. Ehia kanaka aʻoaʻo i manaʻoʻiʻo i ke Akua? (ʻOiai he nui nā mea hilinaʻi ma waena o lākou). Pono e hoʻomālamalama i ka poʻe ma mua, e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ke aʻo, a me kaʻiʻo pono e hoʻonāwaliwali. Akā he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau i ka hilinaʻi i ke Akua me ke kāohi ʻole iā ia me kekahi mea. Ma laila ʻoe e hele ai, e ke ʻōpio. Akā, ʻaʻole wau i hele i ka pule a ʻaʻole manaʻo wau i ke Akua. |
ʻOhi
ʻO I.P. Pavlov i hōʻiliʻili i nā pīpī a me nā mea pōpala, nā mea kanu, nā puke, nā kīʻaha a me nā hana a ke kiʻi pena Russian. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo I.S. Rosenthal i ka moʻolelo ʻo Pavlov i ka lā 31 Malaki 1928:
ʻO kaʻu hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana i hoʻomaka me nā palaʻai a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mea ʻē, he ʻiliʻili kālā a me nā pena pena. A ka hope loa, hele i loko ka ʻepekema i ka ʻepekema ... A i kēia manawa ke hiki ʻole iaʻu ke hele maʻa mau ke hala i kahi mea kanu a pōpupele paha, ʻoi loa ka poʻe aʻu i ʻike maikaʻi ʻole, i ʻole ai e paʻa i koʻu mau lima, ʻaʻole e ʻimi mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ʻaʻole ka hahau, ʻaʻole hoʻokō. A he kūpono kēia mau mea maikaʻi iaʻu.
Ma waena o ka makahiki 1890, i loko o kāna lumi papa, ʻike ʻike ʻia kekahi mau papa e hoʻokele ana i ka paia me nā hiʻohiʻona pōʻai i hoʻopio ʻia e ia. Ma ka hōʻea ʻana i Ryazan i kona makuakāne, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka manawa nui e hana ai i ka holoholona hihiu. Eia kekahi, ma kāna noi, ua lawe ʻia nā ʻano like kīwī mai iā ia mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pōpō o Hawaiʻi i kona lā hānau, ua kau ʻo ia i ka waena o kāna ʻohi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia me kēia mau hana o ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili, ulu ʻo ia i nā ʻalāʻau mai nā palu i ʻohi ʻia me ke kōkua o nā keiki kāne.
Inā hoʻomaka ʻo Pavlov e ʻohi i nā pīpī a me nā mea kanu i kona wā ʻōpio, ʻike ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili i nā kī. Eia naʻe, lilo i philately i ka minamina, i ka manawa mua, ʻoiai ke kipa aku nei i ka Institute of Experimental Medicine e ka luna Siamese, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā kuʻuna Siamese i kāna kolamu hōʻona a me kekahi mau lā ma hope mai o kahi manina o ka poʻe Siamese i hui ʻia me I.P. Pavlov's kolamu mokuʻāina. ʻO nā mea aloha a pau i loaʻa i nā leka ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana i ka hōʻiliʻili.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā puke ʻokoʻa loa: ma ka lā laha o kēlā me kēia o nā ʻohana ʻeono, ua kūʻai ʻo ia e like me ke makana i nā hana o kahi mea kākau.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻohi ʻana o nā peʻe a I.P. Pavlov i ka makahiki 1898 i kona kūʻai ʻana i kahi kiʻi o kāna keiki kāne ʻelima, ʻo Volodya Pavlov, mai ka wahinekanemake a N. A. Yaroshenko.kahi manawa, kuʻi ʻia ka mea kiʻi ke alo o ke keiki a koi aku ʻo ia i kona mau mākua e ʻae iā ia e hoʻomose. ʻO ka paʻi kiʻi lua, i kākau ʻia e N. N. Dubovsky, e hōʻike ana i ke kai ahiahi i Sillamyagi me kahi ahi ahi e hāʻawi ʻia ana, hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea kākau, a mahalo hoʻi iā ia, ua hōʻike ʻo Pavlov i ka nui o ka peʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hili o ka hōʻiliʻili no ka manawa lōʻihi, i nā manawa kime 1917 wale nō, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai kekahi poʻe hōʻiliʻili e kūʻai aku i ko lākou pena, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Pavlov i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa. Aia i loko o nā kiʻi pena na I. E. Repin, Surikov, Levitan, Viktor Vasnetsov, Semiradsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E like me ka moʻolelo o M.V. Nesterov, me Pavlov i hui me 1931, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi ʻikina e Pavlov i hoʻohui ʻia e nā hana a Lebedev, Makovsky, Berggoltz, Sergeyev. I kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻokoʻa ka hōʻiliʻili i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Pavlov ma St. Petersburg, ma ka mokupuni o Vasilyevsky. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Pavlov i ka pena me kāna ala ponoʻī, i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mea kākau o ka peʻe me nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo a ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa iā ia, e lawe pinepine ʻia, e hoʻomaka ana e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea āna e hoʻopukapuka ʻia ana ma ia, ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia ʻo ia i ʻike maoli.
ʻĪlio Pavlov: ka wehewehe o ka hoʻokolohua
Ma kahi hana e aʻo i nā kaʻina hana ʻana i nā holoholona ma ka nui like o ka kiko, hiki iā Pavlov i hāʻawi mua i kahi hōʻailona kukui a me ka meaʻai i ka manawa like, a ma hope o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hāʻawi iā ia wale kahi hōʻailona. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ka manawa ma mua o ka manawa, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lawaiʻa i ka ʻīlio inā ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma hope o kahi mālamalama. Ma o ka lua o ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona (fistula), ua lawe ʻia ka wai o ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū o ke keʻena, a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi ipu a ua manaʻo ʻia kona helu.
ʻAʻole i ʻike koke ʻia ka manaʻo o fistula. Inā kū ʻia ka wai o ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona i ka wā o ka excretion i loko o nā aʻa o ke ake o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻīlio, make ka holoholona no ka ʻoi loa o kona paʻa ʻana. Ua lilo ka fistula i ke ala kūpono loa i waho o ke kūlana, i hiki ai ke loiloi i ka hana a ka digestive system o ke holoholona a me kona pili pololei me nā hopena neuropsychic i ka māmā, ka leo, ka hele ʻana a i ʻole hemahema o ka meaʻai.
No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai a me ka wai gastric kahi hōʻike i kahi reflex i hoʻomau ʻia a i ʻole ke ʻano he huhū e hele mai ana mai waho. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, "hana" ka hana a hiki i ka nele o ka meaʻai, no ka mea e pili pū ana i nā ʻona noʻonoʻo, i hui pū ʻia me ka mākaukau maʻamau o ka holoholona e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Ma hope iki, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema nei i nā ʻano like ʻole o kāna mau puaʻa, ʻaʻole wale e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hōʻailona mālamalama, akā no hoʻi i kona mau wāwae. Ke kakali nei nā ʻīlio i ka meaʻai e hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou mai kā lākou nona a i kūlia i nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea i koi ai iā Pavlov e noiʻi hohonu i ka digestion wale nō, akā ʻo ka hana kūlohelohe. Ma ia hope aku, ʻokoʻa ka noʻonoʻo o kēlā me kēia manawa, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā psychoanalysts a me nā romantics Kelemania, i hoʻokumu i kahi pilina ma waena o nā hana noʻonoʻo a me ka physiological i loko o ke kino o nā mea ola - me ke kanaka.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i ka maʻalahi o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua ʻana iā Ivan Petrovich, me ka ʻole e komo i nā kumu ʻepekema hohonu. E noʻonoʻo iā Pavlov e kū ana i mua o kahi ʻīlio a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokani ʻana i kahi kakā. Ma hope o kēia hōʻailona, hānai iā ia i ka holoholona a hana hou i kēia hoʻokolohua pinepine ʻana, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka mākaukau. Akā ma hoʻokahi lā maikaʻi ma hope o ke kani ʻana o ke kakalena, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻai i ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ka hūnā ʻia i ka wai a me ka wai momona i loko ona, a me ka mōʻī, kaʻi i ka maka, hōʻike ʻo ia me ka mākaukau no ka ʻai ʻana.
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa manawa?
A laila, e hoʻohana i! E kiʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao hou!
ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻīlio Pavlov
No laila, ua hoʻolilo ʻia ka pōkole (a i ʻole "Pavlov's dog effect") i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻenehana i kapa ʻia i ka ʻona i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka psychophysiology. I nā huaʻōlelo'ē aʻe, ʻo ka hōʻailona e hoʻohana i ka pale ʻole i ka lolo o kahi mea ola a ʻaʻole pili i ka hana psychophysiological kaʻina, ma hope o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua, hiki i ka lilo ka hōʻeuʻeu i pili i ka hiʻohiʻona o kekahi ʻano kūlike. ʻO ka mana, kahi ʻano o "hoʻopili" o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hopena e kū nei, a kūkulu ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi kaila paʻa-reflex paʻakikī e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka holoholona (a i ʻole kekahi kanaka).
ʻO ia ka hoʻololi i kahi hōʻeuʻeu hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi me ka ulu ʻana o ka pane kūʻē i kēia hoʻoulu ʻana i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka psychology e like me ka ʻepekema koʻikoʻi.
ʻĪlio Pavlov: he aha ke ʻano?
No nā poʻe i makemake ʻole i ka ʻepekema a i ka ʻike ʻole i kona koʻikoʻi i ke ola o ke kanaka, ʻo nā hoʻokolohua a Pavlov a me kāna mau haumāna ma ka ʻīlio he hana hoʻomāinoino, cynicism, a me nā hōʻike i ke kaumaha. Inā e huli i nā kumu o ka Pūnaewele a heluhelu i nā ʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻatikala e pili ana iā Ivan Petrovich, he nui nā ʻōlelo hoʻonāukiuki. Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, hiki ʻole i kekahi ke mālama i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua make nā holoholona i ka wā hoʻokolohua. Eia nō naʻe ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻeha ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka make ʻana o kēlā me kēia hoa mau wāwae ʻehā a hoʻāʻo lākou e hana i nā mea āpau a hiki i nā ʻīlio e noho pū ana me ka maikaʻi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia a me ka mālama ʻia mai nā maʻi āpau.
ʻO ke hala lōʻihi, i ka manawa i hiki mai ai ʻo Ivan Petrovich me ka manaʻo o ka fistula, ua hapanui ola ka hapanui o nā holoholona hoʻokolohua ma ka hale hana. Nui nā ʻīlio e noho kokoke ana ma Pavlov i kahi ʻelemakule loa, kūpaʻa a mālama pono i ka ʻepekema, a ʻo nā hopena o ka noiʻi i kēia manawa ua hana ʻia ke kumu o kā lākou misionari.
Ma Ryazan aia kekahi mea i ʻōpio Pavlov i hana ʻia, i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia no kā mākou mau hoa ʻehā. Aia hoʻi ma ka ʻāpana o ke Institute of Experimental Medicine, aia ma ka Pōʻalima ʻoihana ʻo St. Petersburg, aia kahi ʻano hana. ʻO kona waihona kumu i kūkulu ʻia ʻia ʻelua ʻīlio mongka nui i kālai ʻia mai ka pōhaku. Kūlou kekahi o lākou i kona poʻo ma luna o kekahi - ʻoiai e ho'āʻo ana e hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻoliʻoli i ka "hoa hana" ma hope o kekahi hana hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole ia he mea luhi i ka huaʻōlelo e ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā psychotherapists a me nā kauka hou: "ʻO nā ʻōlelo laha e pili ana i ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻia ʻana o Pavlov e hoʻonui nui ʻia, no ka mea, he mau haneli hale paʻakaha ma St. ʻO ia ke kumu e loiloi ai ka hana pono ʻana o nā holoholona i ka hoʻomohala ʻepekema, me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka poʻe e waiho nui ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao.
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa manawa?
A laila, e hoʻohana i! E kiʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao hou!