E hele i ka poʻomanaʻo ʻāpana: Nā ʻano o nā dinosaurs
Psittacosaurus mongoliensis psittacosaurus (Mongolia parrot lisit)
Ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho: Ptitsetazovye dinosaurs, kau mau pūlou
Nā makahiki i loaʻa: Ma mua o Cretaceous (120-100 miliona mau makahiki i hala)
Ua pio a loaʻa: Asia (Mongolia, Kina, Thailand)
Herbivorous
I ka makahiki 1922, ua ʻike ʻia nā kihi o nā manomaurika ʻelua mika me kahi ʻano poʻo ʻē aʻe a me kahi puʻupuʻu, e like me ka hua lāʻau, ua loaʻa i Mongolia i nā pōhaku o ka makahiki o Cretaceous kahiko. E loaʻa kahi inoa paha psittacosaurus (palaka lisit). Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi beak a pōkole akā ikaika i ke kāʻei a me nā kihi ʻoki. Me ia, hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻuʻuku a me ka aʻiki i nā wahi ikaika o nā mea kanu. Koi nui kēia i ka ikaika kūʻokoʻa, i hōʻoia ʻia e ka pā ʻola kūikawā o ka ʻūhā. He nui nā wahi ma laila kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā ʻiʻo ikaika, a ʻo ke kihi kiʻekiʻe mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo.
Mahalo i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, hiki i ka poʻe noiʻi ke hiki ke maʻalahi i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpio o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio i nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai he mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pākeke a ʻōpiopio i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā dinosaur liʻiliʻi loa o kēia ʻano he 24 wale nō a 27 mau keneta. I ke ʻano o ko lākou mau makahiki, ua ʻuʻuku a i ʻole nā poʻo a me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia mau holoholona ʻōpio ikaika ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mea pio no nā dinosaur predatory liʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻāpono ʻia nā pale a nā psittacosaurus i pale ʻia e ko lākou makuahine e lōʻihi no ka manawa. ʻO ia paha ua hānai ʻo ia iā lākou i "porridge" o nā lau hina?
*** ʻO ke ʻano o ke alo o ka iwi ʻula i like me ka beak o kahi ʻōkō nui. Manaʻo ka poʻe Paleontologists i nā kihi o kā lākou "beak" psittacosaurs ʻokiʻoki i nā lālā, nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu, ʻo ia kā lākou e ʻai ai. Loaʻa nā koena o ka poʻe'ōpio i ka lōʻihi o 24 - 27 cm.
ʻO *** Psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus), he moʻomeheu o nā reptile piha o ke kauoha o nā manu-dinosaurs. Noho i ke kakahiaka Cretaceous. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1-1.5 m. Hoʻohui ʻia ma 2 wāwae. He hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā kūlana ʻōnaehana, no ka mea Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hōʻailona o ka hōʻailona o ka dinosaurs (ʻo ke ʻano o kahi ʻihi) a me nā ʻōpū, nā ankylosaurs (type o nā niho) a me nā ornithopods (hana i nā manamana lima). ʻO ka hapa paha, ʻo P. kau e hōʻike i ka lālā o ka keʻeke stegosaurus - nā ankylosaurs, ka mea i mālama i ka hiki ke neʻe i ke bipedally. ʻO nā niho liʻiliʻi, serrated ma nā kihi, ka mea, ua hiki iā ia ke ʻoliki a me ke kālai ʻia i nā mea paʻakikī. Hiki i nā phalanges like me ke ala i ka hana e hele ai i ka ʻāina marshy. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, noho lākou i nā pāpū ma nā kapa o nā kaila, kahi maʻalahi ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai a hūnā mai nā ʻenemi.
*** "Psittacosaurus" ʻaʻole he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi "lizard-parrot." A kapa ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea o ka hana maʻamau o nā ʻōpala, like me ka beak o kahi ʻōpiopio. Me lākou, ua ʻoki ʻo ia i nā lau a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau. Ua neʻe ka poʻe pangolin ma hope o nā wāwae ʻelua, akā inā hiki i ka pōpilikia ke holo ikaika i ka ʻehā. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā koena o ka dinosaurs pakeke wale nō, akā ʻo nā pēpē hoʻi. Na nā ʻōpio nō hoʻi nā niho ka mea, no ka wā liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai. E like me nā moa a me nā pālolo i kēia manawa, ua kanu ʻo psittacosaurs i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole nui ka psittacosaurus: ʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi lōʻihi ma kahi o 1 mika, a ʻoi aku kona paona ʻaʻole he 15 kilo.
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau ʻepekema i ka psittacosaurus i ke ʻano o nā ceratops, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi i ka pū a me nā mea ulu ma ka lae. Aʻo ka mea like, nā kaʻe o nā ceratopsians a me psittacosrens e like like, a like me ka ʻano o ke poʻo. ʻIke ʻia, ʻepekema ka ʻepekema: psittacosaurs hiki ke lilo i mua o nā ceratops. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma Mongolia, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi dinosaur i ʻike ʻole ʻia nei, he kolu ʻāʻī me nā ulu ulu e like like me ka protoceratops, a ʻo kona ʻaka ʻoi loa kahi kope kope o ka beau psittacosaurus.
No ka manawa mua, loaʻa i ke koena o ka "parrot lisit" e nā ʻōlelo aʻo ʻAmelika a Henry Osborne i 1923, i ka hana o ka holomua paleontological i loko o nā ʻāpana o Mongolia. A laila hele pū ka leʻaleʻa iā Osborne: ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kupanaha loa, ka mea i koi ʻia i ka nānā hou ʻana i nā dinosaurs kahiko.
No ka laʻana, ua kuhikuhi aku ʻo Henry Osborne i hiki i ka psittacosaurs ke kāʻili maluhia me nā ʻōlala pōkole me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, veurosaurs. ʻO nā psittacosaurs liʻiliʻi i kālai aku i nā lau a me nā ʻōpio liʻiliʻi mai lalo, a ua loaʻa i nā veurosaur eʻai i kā lākou ʻai mai ka piko o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ʻelua mauʻano o ka dinosaurs i hui pū ʻia i hiki ai ke manaʻo i ka neʻe ʻana o ka poʻe holomua i ka manawa. I ka hiki ʻana aku o ka mea hānai i kahi o ka ʻike, hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā dinosaur i nā mea ʻē aʻe a lūlū ʻia hoʻi ma nā ala like ʻole, me ka hūnā i ka ʻohana pili.
E pīhoihoi hoʻi i loaʻa i ke koena o nā mea pena ʻia ma ʻEulopa. Eia kekahi, ke kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai ua noho mua ka psittacosaurus i ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini hou. ʻIke kēia poʻe ʻepekema i kā lākou hoʻoholo ʻana, e hoʻomau ia me ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻike paleontological. (http://www.zoohall.com.ua)
130 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻai nui nā momi i nā ʻaina
Nā koena o ka mamm prehistoric, Channel One i ka pā
Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻike ʻia e ka paleontologists ʻAmelika. Ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia ma kahi o 130 miliona mau makahiki i hala, ua ʻai nui nā meaʻai ma nā ʻai kai, nā hōʻike CNN e kuhikuhi ana i ka Associated Press.
Ma Kina, ua loaʻa nā koena o nā holoholona fossil, ma loko o ka ʻōpū o ia mau iwi o nā ʻōpio dinosaur. ʻIke ʻia nā mokuahi i hala ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki i hala ma ke āina ʻo Kina, ua lawe ʻia i ke kikowaena ʻo Beijing, kahi i aʻo ʻia ai lākou e nā ʻepekema Kina a me ʻAmelika. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa iā lākou, i ko lākou manaʻo, ka hoʻihoʻi mua ʻana i nā manaʻo o mua e pili ana i ka hana o nā mammals i ka wā o nā dinosaurs.
ʻO kekahi psittacosaurus ʻōpio ua lilo i mea i weliweli i ka mammal - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "parrot lizard". Ua kapa ʻia ia, no ka ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻūhā, like me ka beak o kahi ʻōlō, me ia i ʻoki ai i nā lau mai nā lālā lāʻau. Ua neʻe ka pangolin ma hope o nā wāwae ʻelua, akā inā hiki i ka pilikia ke holo koke i ka holo ʻehā. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā pākeke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, a me ke paona - 15 kilograms.
"I ka manawa mua, ua manaʻo mākou he kukuna ia o ka momi ponoʻī. Ke nānā pono nei mākou, ʻike mākou aia he hiki ʻana he hale hoʻomau. Eia kekahi, aia nā iwi i kū pono i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū," wahi a kekahi limahana o ka American Museum of Natural History (ʻAmelika. Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ke Kumuwaiwai maoli ʻo Meng Jin.
E like me ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea ʻepekema, ʻo ka manu ākea o nā ʻano ʻo Repenomamus robustus ka nui o ka puaʻa nui i ʻānai ʻia i kahi ʻōlala ʻili. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi kokoke i ka ʻāʻī o ka momi a me ka ʻike i kēia ʻike. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nui o kēia holoholona ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ʻīlio hihiu hou, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi nā minima o kēlā manawa he iwakālua mau liʻiliʻi - he liʻiliʻi ka ʻoi ma mua o kahi chipmunk o kēia wā.
ʻO Paleontologist Zhexi Luo o ka Pittsburgh Carnegie Museum of Natural History i manaʻo ʻia ua luku ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā mammals mua, a ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ai i ka ʻoihana mua ka nui o ka mau mōʻī i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā dinosaur liʻiliʻi i ka manawa Cretaceous.
ʻO keʻano
ʻAno like nā ʻano like psittacosaurs i ka nui a me ke ʻano ka hele ʻana o ke ʻihi a me ke ʻihi, akā like ke ʻano like o ko lākou kino. ʻO nā ʻano loiloi maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka psittacosaurus Mongoli (Psittacosaurus Mongoliensis) i hiki i ka lōʻihi o 2 mika. ʻO ka paona loa o ke holoholona ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 20 kilograms. ʻO kekahi ʻano like o ka psittacosaurs i like me ka nui o ka nui ma ka ʻālikana (Psittacosaurus nui, Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis, Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis), ʻoi aku kekahi liʻiliʻi (Psittacosaurus sinensis, Psittacosaurus meileyingensis).
ʻO ka psittacosaurus liʻiliʻi loa i kaulana ʻo Psittacosaurus ordosensis. He 30% emi ma mua o ka Psittacosaurus mongoliensis. ʻO ka mea nui ka nui Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis a me Psittacosaurus sibiricus, akā like ka nui o nā ʻokoʻa mai ka psittacosaurus Mongā.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke psittacosaurs i nā ʻōpala o nā manu ʻē ʻana o nā manu ʻai manu hou. He kiʻekiʻe a koʻikoʻi ke hipoki o ka psittacosaurs, i kekahi mau ʻano kokoke i kahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻāpana i mua o nā orbits - ka lua o ka maka - i helu wale ʻia no ka 40% o ka lōʻihi o kahi ʻūlio, he nui loa ia ma mua o nā ʻano manu liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. No ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o psittacosaurs, he ʻanoʻano poʻohiwi e kū ana ma ka waena o kēlā me kēia niho he ʻano ʻano. Ua hoʻaniolo ʻia nā ʻōpū poʻo luna a me lalo i lalo i nā kaʻina coracoid i haʻi ʻia mai ka pū aniani a me nā iwi mua. ʻO ka uhi umu o ka beak ua uhi ʻia me ka cornea i mea e koi ai i nā kihi o ka beak i mea e pono ai ka hōʻoki ʻana i nā mea kanu. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka inoa loea o nā holoholona, ʻo ke ʻano pōkole a me nā mea wili i waho e like ia me nā ʻano o nā moʻo i kēia wā. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻihi o nā psittacosaurs aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka dinosaurs ulia pōkole, no ka laʻana, kahi iwi pīpī i like ʻole ma ka hope o ka iwi o luna, iwi zygomatic ākea. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka psittacosaurs nā iwi i ka ʻāʻī a i nā pepeiaohao paha ma ka maka, ka ʻano o ka mau pūlima no nā mea i hala. I ka pale ʻana i ka psittacosaurus Siberian he nui ʻia nā iwi āiwi o ka iwi, akā ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻOkoʻa iki ka koena o ka psittacosaurs ʻokoʻa iki mai nā ʻōpū maʻamau o nā bipedal manok-dinosaurs. Ma ka psittacosaurus Mongoli, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā forelimbs he 58% wale nō o ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, hōʻike kēia e pili ana ka psittacosaurs i ka holo ʻana o ko lākou ola a pau ma nā wāwae ʻelua. Ma nā wāwae mua ("lima") a nā psittacosaurs he ʻehā mau manamana lima, ʻaʻole ʻelima mau manawa, e like me ka hapa nui o nā heihei-dinosaurs (e komo pū ana nā dinosaur i nā pūlima). I ka holoʻokoʻa maʻamau, he ʻano maʻamau o ka wāwae kahe aʻelima wāwae o nā manu moa-dinosaur.
He ʻauhau
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka inoa psittacosaurus i ka makahiki 1923 e Henry Fairfield Osborn, paleontologist, pelekikena o ka American Museum of Natural History, i kahi puke i paʻi ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 19. ʻO ka inoa generic ka huaʻōlelo Helene Helene. ψιττακος / psittakos (parrot) a me ka Helene. σαυρος / sauros (lika), a hōʻike i nā mea like ʻole o ka mua o ke poʻo o ka holoholona me ka beak o kahi pālōlio a me nā mea ola o lākou.
ʻO nā ʻano o psittacosaurs
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano iwakālua i ka ʻohana o psittacosaurs, akā i kēia mau lā mai ka ʻewalu a he ʻumikūmākahi o lākou ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka helu nui o nā ʻano mea i hilinaʻi ʻia ma kekahi o nā ʻanoʻano o ka dinosaurs (me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā manu). ʻAʻole i like psittacosaurs, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā genera o nā dinosaurs he monospecific, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano ka hoʻokahi o nā ʻano. Ma kēlā mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻilihune o nā ʻike paleontological. ʻIke ʻia nā Psittacosaurs e like me nā haneli o nā kikoʻī, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā dinosaur e hōʻike ʻia e nā mea loaʻa pinepine ʻole pinepine. Ma muli o ka helu nui o ka hoʻohālike, ua paʻa ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana o ka psittacosaurs, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo a hoʻoholo i ka nui o kā lākou mau ʻano. ʻO ka hapanui o nā holoholona o nā holoholona i kēia manawa ke hōʻike ʻia e nā holoholona he nui, e hōʻike ana i ka noho ʻana o nā mea he nui i waena o nā dinosaurs, ʻoiai me ka mālama ʻole ʻia o ko lākou koena e mālama nei. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka hapanui o nā dinosaurs wale no nā koena o nā iwi, kahi e ʻae ʻia ai lākou e ka morphology wale nō o nā iwi, ʻoiai ʻoi nā holoholona i loaʻa i nā ʻihi, he mea nui loa nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia i nā huaʻai fossil. A laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano maoli o kēia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka dinosaurs ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia i kēia wā.
- Nā ʻano ʻano kūpono psittacosaurus
- Psikoikle kolonaPsittacosaurus mongoliensis) - Mongolia, ʻĀina Kina.
- Hōʻea (Psittacosaurus sinensis) - Kina kahawai.
- Makuakane psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus meileyingensis) - Kina-ka-waena o Kina.
- Xinjiang psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis) - Kina kahakai.
- In the Mongol psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis) - Kina-ka-waena o Kina.
- ʻO Ordos psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus ordosensis) - North-Central China.
- Hana ʻia ka haku (Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis) - Kēia Komohana.
- Siberian psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus sibiricus) - Siberia hema, Rūsia.
- Lāhuʻunui paleka (Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis) - Kina kahawai.
- Hōʻailona nui (ʻO Psittacosaurus nui) - Kina kahawai.
- Nā ʻano like ʻole psittacosaurus
- ?Kepoikaika Sattayaraki (Psittacosaurus sattayaraki) - Tailani.
Psitaccosaurus
Psitaccosaurus : "dinosaur me nā pūlima ʻekolu"
Ka manawa paʻa: ka hopena o ka Cretaceous - e pili ana i 70-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala
Kaulana: Poaka
Kiʻi papa: Kukola
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā mea lapaʻau:
- e hele ana ma nā wāwae ʻehā
- ka mea kanu ʻai
- nā kāʻei a me nā ʻolua i kāwili ʻia ma ke poʻo
- ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana ka muzzle me kahi nuku e like me ka ʻōlō
Nā ʻāpana:
ka lōʻihi - 1,5 m
kiʻekiʻe - 1,4 m
kaupaona - 40 kg.
ʻAno Hoʻohui: kanu huaʻai kūlā
Kihi: 1923, Mongolia
Psitaccosaurus - Hoʻokomo dinosaur Cretaceous. ʻO ka psitaccosaurus kahi lālā o kahi pūʻulu dinosaur i kapa ʻia nā maʻi maʻi, kaulana loa i ka manawa Cretaceous.
ʻO ka mōlia kanaka makua ʻo kēia ʻano ʻōpiopio e pili ana iā 1,5 m lōʻihi, a hiki ke kaupaona ma kahi o 40 kilograms. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kūleʻa psitaccosaurus he 25 kenimika.
ʻO ka psitaccosaurus, ka mea ʻelele kahiko o nā ceratops, ʻaʻole i like like me kona mau hoahānau pili aloha. Ua like ʻo ia me he ʻelele o ka ornithopod. Ke manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe akamai i kahi ʻae o nā lele manu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hapa nui, aia ke psitaccosaurus i ke kaʻina hoʻololi i waena o kēia mau hui pili. Me nā ornithopods i lawe ʻia e ka pōkole liʻiliʻi me nā manamana liʻiliʻi. Akā ma ke kikoʻī ʻehā o ka ʻūhā, aia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ceratops: kahi beak nui ma ka puʻu, nā ʻuʻuku a me nā niho ʻole i mua. Hoʻokumu kekahi iwi iwi ma luna o kahi uluna, a pili nā ʻiʻo o ka iwi ʻehā. E lilo kēia pōkole ma hope i kahi puʻu iwi a me ka pale i nā ceratopsids i hala. ʻO nā psittacosaurus ʻehā mau wāwae wāwae. ʻO ka inoa inoa nui o ka dinosaur i loko o nā hua'ōlelo Helene "parrot" a me "lizard", e hōʻike ana i ka mea like o ke poʻo o ka dinosaur me ka beak o kahi pālō.
ʻIke ʻia nā koena o ka psittacosaurus ma Mongolia i 1922-1925 e kahi e holomua ana e ka American Museum of Natural History. ʻO ka wehewehe mua o kēia ʻano mea hou i paʻi ʻia e ka pelekikena o kēia moʻomeheu ʻo Henry Fairfield Osborne, i ka makahiki 1923. I ka wā o ka huakaʻi, ua kuhi ʻia kekahi mau ʻōhua ʻē aʻe, kahi i waiho ʻole ʻia a hiki i ka 1980. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ʻia kekahi mau iwi no ka psittacosaurus ʻōpio.
Kahi helu
ʻO Pittacosaurs ʻano ʻano ʻano o ka ʻohana psittacosaurus. Me ka psittacosaurs, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻanoʻano, gonshanosaurs, i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia ʻohana. Ua kau ʻo Psittacosaurus i ke kumu no ka dinosaurs kaulana kaulana i hōʻike ʻia, me ka ʻole o ka Yinlong genus a, inā paha, ka ʻohana Chaoyangsauridae. ʻOiai ʻo ka psittacosaurs he lālā mua ia o ka ʻohana ʻohana dinosaur o ka pepeiaohao, ʻo psittacosaurs lākou iho ʻaʻole paha i lilo i poʻe kūpuna pololei o kekahi mau hui o nā pūlou. ʻO nā kīhini ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia i ka lima o ka manamana lima ma ko lākou mau poʻo, aʻo psittacosaurs i ʻelua ʻāpana lima. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e holomua ai, ua nalowale nā psittacosaurs foramen i ka preorbital i mālama ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā dinosaur i nā pepeiaohao a me ka aneane āpau. ʻO ka hiki ʻana ke hoʻomohala hou i ka manamana lima lima a i nā pāhua infraorbital i manaʻo ʻia he mea makemake ʻole ia.
ʻOiai i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano he nui o ka psittacosaurs, ʻaʻole nō i ʻike nui ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano ʻōiwi, ʻaʻohe ʻike piha ma waena o ka poʻe ʻepekema e pili ana i kēia. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā ʻikepili o ka loiloi phylogenetic hou a me ka hui ʻana i ka makahiki 2006:
| ʻO nā Psittacosaurs |
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