Palapala Latin: | Limicola falcinellus |
Kaulana: | Charadriiformes |
Ohana: | Kūpono |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Kele liʻiliʻi kahi pālule liʻiliʻi i kahi hōkū. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 15 cm, nā ʻēheu 32 cm. Ma ke kino, he ʻano kahakaha maʻamau kēia, eia naʻe, me ka lei lei lei (ʻelua mau kukui ʻāpana lōʻihi) a i wahi ākea a kālai ʻia i lalo o kahi beak.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Kūpono ka manu ʻōiwi i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela ke nānā aku i luna a ke keʻokeʻo mai lalo nei ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka dorsal i kahi kikowaena-ʻeleʻele me nā kihi pōkā liʻiliʻi, ka ʻāʻī, ke ʻāʻī i mua a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao kekahi e kālai ʻia me nā lehelehe ʻulaʻula like ʻole a me nā wahi. Holo koke ʻia nā kukui māmā, a ke kaʻo o luna o ke kino o ka manu i ka helehelena ʻeleʻele hou, nā polipi māmā o nā ʻūhā poʻohiwi e piʻo pinepine V— Palaki i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke kua. ʻO ka kāne a me ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka ʻike mau (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne). ʻEleʻele nā wāwae, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. ʻEleʻele ka beak me kahi ʻoliva a me kahi kumu brown. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka manu ʻōiwi i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, he palau ke anuanu, me nā hulu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i ulana manu, ka mea e ʻike nui ʻia ma nā uhi ʻāhiu a me nā hulu tertiary elongated ma muli o ka palena paʻa ma waena o nā palena māmā a me nā kikowaena pouli o nā hulu. Aia nā ala palona mahea i ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao. ʻIke ʻia nā hulu mua o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo o ka manu, akā ua hoʻopau wale ʻia ka molting i ka hoʻoilo.
I ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, he hina ka manu ma luna a he keʻokeʻo ma lalo; keʻae ʻia kahi hulu ʻelua ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka poni ukiuki ma luna aʻe he hapa-ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me nā ʻeleʻele nui a me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo me kahi pua ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi i ka umauma. I ʻEulopa, nā subspecies koho wale nō (L.f falcinellus) Kūʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i ka like me ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka dunlin me ka pūnipiha pālua, ke ʻano o ka pūpiki, ke ʻano o nā wāwae, ke kumu brown o ka beak, ka waiho ʻole ʻia o ka wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū o nā manu makua a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa ma ka umauma i nā manu ʻōpio. ʻO ka nui, ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele a me ke ala e noho ai ma ka mauʻu i ka mauʻu ua like me kahi lāʻau ʻōpala, akā ua ʻokoʻa ia ia ma ka ʻano, he ʻukukū a me ke alo, ʻaʻole ka uhi ʻulaʻula. e kahe ana mawaena o ka eheu, a aole i ma ka maka o kona pihi.
Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokumu pū ia i nā kani ponoʻī, ʻo kekahi mau ʻuwāʻio e hoʻomanaʻo i nā warblers, akā hoʻopiʻi hou aku. Ua lohe pinepine ʻia au i ke kāhea "crr"." Nā ʻatikala, ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo i mau ʻia ai "dzhir", A me kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. I ka manu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma luna o nā ʻāpana loea ʻākau a ta tundra ma nā peninsulas Kola a me Kanin. ʻO nā wili ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kaiʻula. He laha ka lehulehu, akā i kekahi mau wahi kūloko o ka wahi huna a ma ka ʻaoʻao Kai ʻElean ka mea maʻamau. I ka pūnāwai ua lele ia ma waena o Rūsia o Russia mai ka waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka mahina o Iune. I ka wā noho o ka ulana, lele ka lele ʻana o nā manu makua mai ka waena o Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake, o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa hoʻi.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o nā kumulāʻau o nā wai kokoke i ka wai oho a i ʻole ia e hamama ana i nā kahakai silika a me nā wai pāpū ma nā kahawai o nā wahi kanu i koe mai nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohui like i nā hipa, i ka manawa, makamae, me nā kahu o kāna ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ma nā pūnaewele kanu hūnā ʻia, huna ʻia i loko o nā puʻu spagse i loko o nā wahi moss me nā pana o ka puna semi-wai, a ʻike nui ʻia i ka wā e kahe ana o kēia manawa. Loaʻa ka hānai i ka hapanui ma o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lepo, me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana mai ka maka a mai ka kolamu wai. I ka wā hānai, hele mālie ʻo ia, holo koke kekahi manawa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Ma nā ʻanuʻu taiga, hiki ke noho i nā lāʻau. Ua lele pū aku ia. Hana ʻo ia i ka lua fossa ma waena o nā hummocks mossy, pinepine pinepine e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka wai pāpaku, e hoʻomoe ana i nā lau malo o ka pala, dwarf Birch a me nā meaʻala ʻē aʻe. Kanakila ka ʻehā o nā hua ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kāne a ka wahine, akā ʻo ke kāne wale nō me ka ʻohana. Kokoke i ka pili, me ka hopohopo, hana ʻo ia i nā hōʻike hoʻohilahila, i hele pū ʻia me ka squeak. ʻO ka papaʻaina e loaʻa i nā ʻanoʻai like ʻole - nā mea inikini, nā pūpū, nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks, nā hua kanu o nā ʻano wai a me nā wai kokoke i nā wai.
Fist-Grazewik (ma mua - Grazewik)
Laulima mai 2000:
Wāhi Brest - Kamenetsky, Kobrinsky, Nā wahi a Maloritsky
ʻĀpana Gomel - Zhitkovichi, Loevsky, moku Rechitsa
ʻO ka ʻāina Minsk - Apana ʻo Chervensky
ʻO ka ʻohana Snipe - Scolopacidae.
ʻO kahi ʻano līlio ʻano paʻakikī e lele lele ʻole i ka wā o ka hele. ʻO ka manawa mua loa, ua loaʻa i ʻelua mau ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala i ka lā Kepakemapa 29, 1925 ma ka moku ʻo Dobrush o ka ʻāina ʻo Gomel. Ua kākau inoa ʻia nā ʻano helu lua ma Iulai 27-28, 2001 ma ka muliwai. Pripyat ma ka moku o Zhitkovichi o ka ʻāina Gomel, a me ka makahiki hou (2002) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā manu ʻo Iune a me ʻAukake. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻopaʻa inoa hope loa i ka makahiki o Mei 2009 (ʻoihana "Volma", wahi a Chervensky, wahi a Minsk).
ʻO kahi sandpiper liʻiliʻi, ka like a me ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona i nā pahu o nā gen Calidris, me kahi kala a me ka plumage - e like me ka snipe. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao dorsal he ʻeleʻele lahilahi (hina ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu) me ke ʻano o nā pahūʻeleʻele a me nā kaula. ʻO nā pua o kahi kua a me ka humish brownish-ʻeleʻele me nā ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Vertex e ke keʻokeʻo a me ka keʻokeʻo ma waho o nā kīwaha i waho. ʻOkeo ke poʻo. ʻO kahi maka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka maka. ʻEleʻele ka pāpale. ʻO ke kūkā, ka ʻāʻī, ke alo o ka mua a me nā goiter ke keʻokeʻo me nā ʻokeʻo uliuli. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu o ka uhi i luna me nā pihi ʻōpū a me nā kihi māmā. Ka hulu hina o ka huluhulu hina me nā kihi poʻokela a me nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ka pīpī. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae. ʻAʻeleʻele ke anana. ʻO ka paona o ka manu (ʻo nā kāne ʻelua) he 33-45 g, ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 16-18 cm, nā ʻēheu he 32-39 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu he 10-11 cm, ʻo ka ʻili he 3-4 cm, tarsus 2-2.5 cm, beak 2, 7-3.3 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o nā wahine he 10-11 cm, tarsus 2-2.5 cm, beak 3-3.5 cm.
ʻO nā moʻomeheu i ka wahi o tundra oʻEulopa a me Asia. I ka wā o nā huakaʻi ua loaʻa i nā hipa liʻiliʻi ma ke kahawai o nā kino wai.
ʻO ka nui loa makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻEulopa he 6 mau makahiki 10 mau mahina.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka nui, ʻo kēia mau manu e liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o ka mea palani. Kūpono ko lākou kino he 15 cm lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kā lākou mau ʻēheu he 31 cm. He mau ʻelima mau ʻano pelekane o ko lākou ʻano i loko o kā lākou kino. Akā ʻokoʻa lākou i nā koena i loko o ka manawa aia ke kākoki ma ka lei o ke poʻo. Lā lōʻihi a lōʻihi paha ka lāʻau. A palulu iki ʻia kona poʻo a kūlou i lalo.
I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, he'ōlohelohe nā pākeke ma luna. Ma lalo ʻoe e nānā ai i keʻokeʻo. ʻIke ʻia kēia manu no ka mea ʻae ʻia nā ʻēheu ma waho ma waenakonu i ke ʻulaʻulaʻula. Aia ka ʻaoʻao, he palena māmā lākou. ʻO ka ʻāʻī, mua o ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻāpana o nā ʻaoʻao i uhi ʻia i nā pale a me nā ana o ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO ke lōʻihi o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka lula ma nā ʻēheu me ke anuanu.
He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi kāne mai kahi wahine. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā kala o nā kāne like ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale wale nō ka mea nui o nā wahine. Hiki i nā wāwae o kēia mau manu ke melemele, ʻeleʻele a hina paha. ʻEleʻele ka beak, loaʻa ka hue ʻoliva maoli. Palapala kona kumu. I nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka palaki o ke kala i ka wā hoʻoilo. Puka hou nā wahi plumage a i ʻole nā lau. Aia nā kūhā ma ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻaoʻao, akā palaualelo nō lākou. I ka hāʻule, ke hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea e hana i ka lole hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, akā pau ka hopena o ka molt wale i ka hoʻoilo.
I kāna hoʻoiloʻana i ka hoʻoilo, ua pena ke koʻokoʻo o ka rodent ma luna a keʻokeʻo ma lalo. Ke noho nei ka maka keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā moa moa kī ʻole i loaʻa i kēia manawa e uhi iā lākou iho me nā hulu hulu he ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao o luna. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino me nā ʻeleʻele nui a me nā wahi keʻokeʻo. Mai lalo mai ke kīleʻa he ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Ma ʻEulopa, ʻike wale ʻia nā manu nona nā subspecies nominative.
ʻAno lawehala
Alakaʻi pinepine ʻo Mudguard i kahi noho pilikino. I loko o ka lele i loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai no ia wale nō. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hana i ka ʻohana me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. He nui a paʻakikī ka ʻike hale. Hele lākou i ka wai pāpaku ma nā muliwai, nā loko a i ʻole na uku paha, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai i ka lapalapa me kā lākou ʻukā.
Hoʻonui pinepine nā haku waiwai i ka nui o nā mea kanu e ulu kokoke ana i nā māla, ma kekahi kahawai.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i nā hipa me nā ʻano pili.
I ka wā hoʻohālikelike, hūnā malū ka rodent. Ua peʻe ʻo ia i nā ʻūlani ma ka mākeke o ka palaʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi manu i ka wā hana. Loaʻa i ka manu ka meaʻai ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lepo a ʻohiʻili ʻana i ka wai. Ke ʻimi nei ka frogman i nā meaʻai, e neʻe mālie. Ke holo nei mai kahi a i kahi wale i kekahi manawa.
ʻAno hānau
Ma nā wahi kupaianaha, noho pinepine kēia mau manu i nā kolana. Loaʻa iā kēlā me kēia maʻa he 20 mau manu o nā manu. ʻOi aku lākou makemake e kūkulu i nā nests ma kahi ʻāpana maloʻo. Ua koho lākou i kahi i nā lau nahele kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lāʻau maloʻo. Mālama ʻia ka pūnana me nā lau Birch a me nā lau willow.
Hoʻopili nui ʻia nā hua iā Iulai. I hoʻokahi masonry aia mau maʻamau e pili ana i 4 mau ʻāpana. He aniani lākou i ka kala me nā ʻulaʻulaʻula. Huli nā mākua i nā pīkoi. Ma hope o 3 mau pule, kū ʻia nā moa.
ʻAʻole maopopo i ka nui o kēia ʻano i kēia ʻano. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, pili ma kahi o 2,000 poʻe noho ma Finland. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ka Murmansk wahi he mau haneli mau kānaka.
Inā ʻike ka manu i ka pōʻino kokoke i ka pili, hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe a me ka squeak. Paʻu ʻia i nā pepeke, kolo. ʻO kekahi manawa e ʻai ana i nā crustaceans a me nā mollusks. Malia paha aia nā hua o kekahi mau algae a me nā mea kanu e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai.
Kālā
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka māhele ʻāpana; ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kaona tundra a ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau loa o ka wahi taiga ma waena o ka Haka Arctika a me 80 ° kūkulu ʻākau ma kahi kokoke i Eurasia, mai Penina Scandinavian a hiki i nā wahi i kahakai o ka Hikina Siberia, e like me kekahi mau kumu, ma Greenland a me ma Svalbard. ʻO nā māka ma nā wahi kahakai o ka Penia ʻArapi, ʻApika, ʻAsia Hema a me Australia.
ʻO nā ʻūhā maʻamau no ka māla, maloʻo, nā wahi māla a me nā lau maloʻo, nā awāwa wai awāwa a nā kahawai, nā loko siliki a me nā kahawai wai ma waena o nā hummocks, nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau.
Kāleka
He kapu liʻiliʻi ia i ka nui o kahi sparrow. ʻO ka nui o ke kino - e pili ana i 16 kenimika, paona - e pili ana iā 50 gram. ʻO ka lōʻihi, pīpī iki a piolo iki paha. ʻEhā pokole nā wāwae, ʻeleʻele kaʻai. I ke kauwela, he ʻeleʻele ka pihi o ke kino me nā mane pōkole ʻoluʻolu ma luna o nā hulu, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, ke ʻihi o ka pahu a me nā ʻaoʻao me nā ʻulaʻula hina. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo ke keʻena luna o ke kino i ka hina hina, nā hū ma luna o ka goiter a me ka umauma. Ma ke poʻo i ʻelua mau keʻokeʻo lōʻihi keʻokeʻo, e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike i ka ʻāʻī. ʻEleʻele ka pīpī. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka kala ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine.
Ecology
He manu manu a maikaʻiʻole ʻo Mudfish. Paʻu ʻia i nā papala nāʻu i ʻike ʻia e nā mea kanu, ma nā wahi pāpū pāpū o nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā kaʻe moana. Lohi, me ka liʻiliʻi, neʻe aku i ka wai papau, mai ka manawa i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka nuku i ka silt. ʻO nā meaʻai nui o nā huaʻai he mau mollusks liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke a me kā lākou pili. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.
E hana ana i nā nupu ma ka ʻāina ma kahi maloʻo i waena o nā mauʻu ākea a i ʻole nā mea puaʻa me kahi lau o ka lau o ka lau walo. Kuhi ʻia nā hua me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela i ke kakahiaka o Iune. I loko o ke kuikahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua ʻehā i beige a i ʻeleʻele paha me ka nui o nā ʻāpana hākī liʻiliʻi. He wahine a ʻo kahi kāne incubate masonry ma ka manawa no 22 mau lā. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā 20 mau kūleʻa, nā kolana.
I ka waena oʻAukake, haʻalele ka manu i ka hoʻoilo, aʻo ka manu e huki i nā hipa a i hoʻokahi mau tausani. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki no ka mea hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka wā o nā huakaʻi he 80-85 km / h.
Ka helu a me ke kūlana palekana
ʻAʻole maopopo ka nui loa o ka marshman. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, e pili ana i hoʻokahi tausani nā pūʻulu o kēia mau manu e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o Finland, a ma kahi o kekahi mau haneli e noho nei ma ka ʻāina Murmansk.
Mālama ʻia ʻo Gryazovik i kekahi mau wahi o Lūkia, me ka hoʻohui pū ʻia, i loko o ka Red Book of the Murmansk Region and the Red Book of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka makahiki 1984 ua komo pū ia me ka papa inoa o ka Soviet-Indian Convention ma ka Protection o Migratory Birds.
KAHIKAI
Ma ka ʻaoʻao puke
Palapala 8. Moscow, 2007, p. 101
Hoʻopili i ka pilina bibliographic:
ʻO GREAS (Limicola falcinellus), manu o kēia ʻohana. snipe suborder waders neg. Charadriiformes. ʻO ke ʻano wale nō i ka mea hoʻokahi. ʻoluʻolu. Leka 15-18 18 paha, paona 30-50 g. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Ua lōʻihi ka Beak, kū i lalo ma luna. ʻEleʻele nā poʻo a me ka lei i ʻelua mau ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi kaila, he keʻokeʻo mālamalama i luna o ka maka. ʻO ka piko ke ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula me nā ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo e hana ana i ke ʻano scaly, ke keʻokeʻo a me ka lalo ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me nā wahi i lalo o ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. G. ʻono i loko o ka hema. strip of tundra, forest-tundra a kanu. taiga o Eurasia, he weli ma na one o Vost. ʻApika, Hema Asia, Indonesia a me Australia. Noho mokulele ma waena o nā kaila kahawai a me nā wahi hehi wai, i nā kuahiwi i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. 1000 m. E hānai i nā ʻāpanaʻuʻuku a me nā hua o nā mea kanu aku. Ke hoʻolilo nei ka kāne o kēia manawa i nā kaheʻe o luna o ka pūnaewele ma luna. 10-20 m, waiho ana i kahi humming humming humill. Hoʻolālā ʻo G. pona i luna o kahi hummock a i kahi lāʻau lāʻau i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia o 4 (i kekahi manawa 3) mau huaʻai e ulu mai (kokoke i 3 mau pule) a mālama i ka moa, ʻano he kāne wale nō.
Nā hōʻailona waho
ʻO Gryazovik ka manu ʻōiwi manu ʻolia ma Eurika. ʻO ka nui o ke kino 16 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēhe 10 -11,5 cm.Na ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 30-50 g. ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kīʻaha. ʻO nā pua ma ke kua a me nā ʻēheu me nā palena ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa i ka palena o ke kaula.
Mudguard (Limicola falcinellus).
ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo i ka brownish-ʻeleʻele me 2 nā kaila keʻokeʻo lōʻihi. Aia kahi pūnohi māmā e hele ma ke alo. Ke ʻokeʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kukui ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻeke a me ka goiter i nā ʻāpana o ke aniani e holo ana i ka lōʻihi. Ke keʻokeʻo nei ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa o ka umauma, a i lalo ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana. ʻEleʻele ka beak i ka lōʻihi, aneane kona lōʻihi he 1.5 mau lōʻihi o ka metatarsus. He pālahalaha ke ʻano o ka beak.
He ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me ka wahine i ka hiʻohiʻona, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine.
ʻO nā wāwae pōkole he lepo ʻākala i ka kala. I ka wā kauwela, heʻeleʻele ka plumage o ka pahu momona, a i ka hoʻoilo ke uhi ʻana i ka hulu a nā ʻāpana waihoʻoluʻu ma luna o ka pahu. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā likudard e ʻelua mau leka ʻāpana lōʻihi o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia i ke poʻo.
ʻO ka noho maʻamau ʻo Mudguard
Loaʻa ka Mudfish ma ka ʻāpana tundra ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau o ke kaha taiga.
Ua koho ʻo ia i mau nāhelehe lepo, nā kahawai, nā mea pala i uhi ʻia i nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO ka noho ʻana ma ka marshy grassy a me ka sphagnum bogs me nā hummocks.
Aia ma luna o ka lele, e kū ana ka palaka i nā kahakai o ke kai, ma nā kapa kahakai o nā loko, i nā ʻōpala.
me nā mea kanu palau, i kekahi manawa i hehi ʻia e nā holoholona.
He ʻano hoʻomālamalama
He manu huna manuʻo Mudguard. I ka lele, he wahi liʻiliʻi hānai lole kūʻokoʻa wale nō. ʻO kekahi manawa hana ia i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi me nā pahu wai o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Ma nā hale maʻamau e loaʻa ai kahi paʻakikī sandpiper liʻiliʻi. E neʻe lūlū ana ka limu i loko o ka papa ʻāina makika o nā kahe, nā loko, nā awa, nā wai kai, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i kāna beak piko e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai.
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka kala ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine.
Pāʻai ka mea paʻa i nā pepeke a me kā lākou.
ʻUdleka
ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻōpala o ka ʻikepili. Wahi a ka ʻike kiko ʻole, ma kahi o 1000 o kēia mau manu manu e noho nei ma ke kahakai ʻo Finland. Ma ka māhele o Murmansk, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā haneli he mau haneli.
Ke ʻimi nei nā muzzler i nā mollusks liʻiliʻi ma nāʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi i ke kai kai.
Nā Mudguard Nā Kauka
Hōʻike nā ʻōpala i ka pūnāwai ma ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi hema o Central Siberia i ka hope loa. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaka ana i ka hānai ʻana i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. E lele lōʻihi nā neʻe o ka hele.
Lele nā manu ʻōpio mai ka hapa lua o ʻAukake a hiki i ka waena o Kepakemapa.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōpū nunui o nā tausani marsupials i nā tausani manu a holo i nā wahi hoʻoilo. Lele nā manu ma ka wikiwiki o 80-85 km / h, pani ana no ka ʻai ʻana ma nā kapakai kai.
Biology
Mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o nā kumulāʻau o nā wai kokoke i ka wai a wehe i nā kahawai silika a me nā wai pāpū ma nā kahawai o ka wai i kahi mamao i nā kanu lāʻau. Hoʻohui like i nā hipa, i ka manawa, makamae, me nā kahu o kāna ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ma nā pūnaewele kanu hūnā ʻia, huna ʻia i loko o nā puʻu spsyse i loko o nā kao mossy me nā popa o ka puna semi-wai, a ʻike nui ʻia i ka wā e kahe ana o kēia manawa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā kani, akā ke hoʻolalelele ʻana i nā nalu a mai ka kolamu wai. I ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hānai, e nee mālie ana, holo wikiwiki wale i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ma nā ʻanuʻu taiga, hiki ke noho i nā lāʻau. Ua lele pū aku ia.
Hana ʻo ia i ka lua fossa ma waena o nā hummocks mossy, pinepine pinepine e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka wai pāpaku, e hoʻomoe ana i nā lau malo o ka pala, dwarf Birch a me nā meaʻala ʻē aʻe. Kanakila ka ʻehā o nā hua ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kāne a ka wahine, akā ʻo ke kāne wale nō me ka ʻohana. Kokoke i ka pili, hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā hōʻike hoʻohilahila, i hele pū ʻia me ka squeak. Ma lalo ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele nui a me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi ʻilihune; ke kīwī keʻokeʻo ʻia a me ke kapa ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma.
ʻAi like ka meaʻai - nā iniseti, nā pūpū, nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks, nā hua kanu a me nā mea kanu kokoke-wai.
Nā Pelekikena
Aia ʻo Gryazovik ma lalo o ka pale o ka Russian-India Convention no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā manu Migratory (1984). He ʻano manu ʻokoʻa. Ma Lūkia, ua helu inoa ʻia kēia ʻano pahu pahu ʻ inlelo ma ka Red Book o Khakassia, ʻo Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, ka Murmansk Region, a me ke Teritera Krasnoyarsk. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka helu o ka marsh, pono ia e mālama i nā wahi nui kahi e pau ai nā manu i ka wā hele.
Hoʻopili kēia i nā loko iʻa ʻo Siberia: Salbat, Beloye, Maly a me Bolshoi Kosogol, Intikol.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.