ʻO Tarbagan kēia
Ke hoʻomau nei mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā holoholona luhina ma nā ʻaoʻao o kā mākou pūnaewele no ka poʻe hahai manu (ke kumuhana o kekahi o kā mākou puke paʻi mua he wehewehe no ka saiga a me nā mea heʻanee no ka hahai holoholona), a i kēia lā ke kono aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka tarbagan - he mea noho o ka mauna steppe ma Mongolia. E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā ʻano o kēia holoholona a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hopu.
Noho ʻo Tarbagan
ʻO nā ʻaeto nui e halulu ana i ka lewa kuahiwi a ʻo nā leo kūmākena e lohe ʻia ana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kime o Tarbagany ma nā wahi āpau, e moe mālie ana ma ke kihi, akā ma ka manawa liʻiliʻi no ka weliweli - ke kīwī nei lākou i mua o kā lākou mau lua. I ko lākou noho ʻana i kēlā wahi pāluna, mālama pono lākou i ke kino i ka lepo, a i kēlā me kēia manawa ka ʻalā pōkole a pōkole, kūwili me ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu o kā lākou huelo, kīia i ko lākou kua, lele me ka nui o nā hae.
ʻAʻole ʻo Tarbagany wale nā kamaʻāina o ke kuahiwi kuahiwi, akā ma kahi ʻano he mea kūkulu lākou a me nā hale kiʻi, no ka mea ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokumu i nā ʻano ʻano kūlohelohe like. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha inā ʻo ke kiʻi ʻāpana i noho ai kēia mau holoholona me he mea lā i uhi ʻia me nā hale ʻalaʻula - ʻo ia ka hopena o ka launa honua o kēia mau mea.
Noho nā Tarbagans i nā kolone
No laila, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i ka lepo, ʻo kēlā mau marmots tarbagany i kēlā me kēia makahiki e lawe mai ai i ka makana i nā nui he nui o ka ʻāina mai lalo o ke kiko honua. Eia kekahi, ʻōlehu ka lepo i ka wā e eli ai i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā papa papa o ka lepo, a ua kōkua kēia i ka hiki ʻana o nā mea kanu. I ka nui o nā lau, e ulu ana ma luna o ka lepo i hiʻu mai nā lua, kū koke ʻo ia i ke kūkaʻi ʻana o ka papahō me nā ʻāpana mālamalama a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻO ka papa hana o nā Tarbagans i hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻai, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kanu e noho ana ma nā marmots ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano puʻuwai.
ʻAʻole mahiʻai ʻo Tarbagan, akā he mea hana nō hoʻi e hāʻawi i nā hale no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana kuahiwi. Ma nā ʻāpana kahiko o Tarbaganyach i haʻalele ʻia, nā ʻalopeke, nā mea hewa, nā pēpē manula, nā ʻīlio, nā pōkoki, ka lālani me ka ʻulaʻula nui e hoʻonoho pinepine. Aia ma loko o kēia mau lua ia lākou e hānai ai i kā lākou keiki.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka Tarbagans
I ke anuʻi kūlohelohe o ke kuahiwi o ke kuahiwi, ka wīwī palū a me nā ʻū hohonu hohonu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke lōʻihi a hiki i 15 mau mika, pale i ka tarbagan ʻaʻole wale mai nā pō anuanu, akā, ʻo nā māla weliweli hoʻi. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i hoʻokahi momona o ka momona ma ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule lākou i loko o ka pua nani, ke kāʻei nei i ka puka o kā lākou burrows me kahi honua honua no ka hoʻoilo. Hiamoe nā Tarbagans no 6 mau mahina i ke kauwela ma ka lua ma kahi kokoke i ke kaukau ʻana, aia hoʻi ma ka papa i hiki ke pani ʻia, a hiki i ka thermometer ke hāʻule i ka 45 mau haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka zero.
I ka pūnāwai - i ko Malaki-ʻApelila, ala aʻe nā tarbagans mai ko lākou hiamoe hiamoe lōʻihi a hele mai i ka papahele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea kūpono ʻole ke ʻano like ʻole o ka pūnāwai Central ʻAmelika me ka pūnāwai o ka pae waena. ʻAʻohe nā keiki sonorous, ʻaʻohe hūnā wai o ka ʻāina maloʻo, ʻaʻohe lau o ka pua, ʻaʻohe pua a me nā mele manu. Hele, maloʻo, ʻuwā i ka honua ma hope o nā mahina he nui o ka maloʻo, ke anu anuanu, a me nā ao ʻeleʻele o ka lepo - ʻo ia kahi pūnāwai ma Mongolia. A, ʻo kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa no kēlā mau holoholona e hānai ana i nā mauʻu a me nā hua. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei nā Tarbagans i loaʻa e ʻai ai i kā lākou ʻai iho - akā naʻe, no kēia mea lākou e holo pono ai i ka lua. ʻO nā Gophers a me nā koena o ka momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e lākou ma muli o ka hāʻule i kōkua i hope.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
ʻO ka hana hou i nā tarbagans
I ka Mei, ua hānau ʻia nā kākō a me nā ʻāʻī ʻole o nā wili i Tarbagan, pākahi a kēlā me kēia. Akā, ulu nui nā holoholona a i loko o hoʻokahi hebedoma e uhi ʻia ko lākou mau kino me ka pulu palupalu a palalulu, ma hope o 2 mau pule ke hāmama nei ko lākou mau maka, a ma hope o 4 mau wiki ua hele lākou i ka papa a hoʻomaka i ka loaʻa kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. I kēia manawa, mālama nui nā holoholona a hiki ke hopu ʻia me ko lākou mau lima mau.
Hana pū ka kāne a me ka wahine i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōpio. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ʻoe i ke nānā ʻana me ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou keiki, e ʻōlohelohe a puni ka lua. I ka wā hāʻule, moe kolohe nā mākua me kā lākou poʻe keiki i kēia makahiki, a ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻōpala o kēia makahiki iā lākou - ʻaʻole ia he mea kānalua no ke kumu he 12 a ʻoi paha mau moe hiamoe i ka lua.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
ʻAkuhū Tarbagans
Hiki ke maʻalahi ka hōʻili ʻia o Tarbagan
Hāʻawi ka poʻe tarbagans e lākou iā lākou iho i ka palu, a pane hoʻi i ka inoa nalo, lawe i ka meaʻai i ko lākou mau lima, a ʻai i ka palupalu, a ʻai i nā wāwae ʻehā, a me nā mua, i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā pūlima, e hoʻokū ana i nā ʻāpana i loko o ko lākou waha. Makemake nui nā Gophers i nā momona - nā kuki, ke kō, ke kiki a me nā mea aloha. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻaila kīʻaha ʻoluʻolu, ke uhi nei ko lākou mau maka me ka leʻaleʻa. I ka manawa like, nā kākopa, ʻai i ka ʻai, e noi hou no i nā mea hou aku.
ʻO nā mea pīpī a pāʻani pāʻani a like me nā cubs (wale nō i ka miniatur). ʻAe lākou me ka leʻaleʻa a me nā keiki a me nā holoholona, holo, hoʻokele, ʻōwili a hoʻoheleheʻe i kā lākou hoa i ka pāʻani me ko lākou mau niho ikaika (ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e haki kaumaha)
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
ʻO nā kiʻi o Tarbagan
ʻO ka pāʻelemakule Tarbagan he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā holoholona. Hoʻokahi ʻiʻo wale nō a me ka ʻīlio gula. Akā, ʻoiai he holoholona mālama akaʻo, me ka hoʻolohe a me ka ʻike maikaʻi, hoʻokō ʻia ʻo Tarbagan e ʻike koke i ka pōʻino a pane aku me ka wikiwiki o ka uila. Hoʻolomo ʻia kēia i ka ola kolony o kēia mau gophers, a me kahi hōʻailona kūpono mai kahi holoholona mai kahi kolu ʻē aʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o nā poʻe gophers āpau i kā lākou pana ola.
ʻAʻole he mea mahalo ia e hiki ke kipaku ʻia ka poʻe liʻiliʻi lepo mai ko lākou wahi a ka poʻe Tarbagans. No laila, hiki i kekahi zoologist ke mālama i kahi kiʻi hoihoi loa -
Ua alualu ʻo Tarbagans i kekahi ferret, i holo i ko lākou ʻāina. Ma ka manawa like, ua kū kekahi o nā holoholona ma luna o kona mau wāwae hind i mea e ʻike maikaʻi ai i ka ʻenemi. Ma hope o kēlā, hana hou ʻo ia i kahi pī a me ka puʻe a holo i ka lua. ʻO ke koena o nā tarbagans i kākoʻo i ka mea hoʻopuka me ka uē ʻana. Holo aku ka ferret, waiho ana i kēia ʻāina me ka mea ʻole.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa Tarbagan
ʻOiai he nui a lehulehu ka noho ʻana o nā kuahiwi o ka mauna, ʻo ka tarbagan kekahi o nā mea nui e pili ana i ka ʻoihana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, lawe mai nā ʻili tarbagan i Mongolia ma kahi o 50% o ka loaʻa kālā o kēia ʻāina i loaʻa mai ke kālepa mai.
Akā, ʻo ka hoʻohui aʻe i nā hulu o ka tarbagans, ua momona nui ʻia ka momona o kēia mau gophers a me ka ʻai.
I ka manawa like, he lōʻihi ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka lawaiʻa no ka tarbagans. A, i ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i ʻimi ʻia kēia mau holoholona no kā lākou hulu, akā no kā lākou ʻai. A, i kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā mea hānai i makemake nui i nā tarbagans kahi wale nō mai kahi maka o ka maka, a me nā ʻili, a ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano maʻamau no ka kuke ʻana i ka palaoa, ʻaʻole maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e lākou. ʻO kahi kīʻaha o ka ʻiʻo tarbagan ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻumiʻumi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Mongali.
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Tarbagan no ka boodykha
Kahi ʻia nā ʻano pīpī ʻumiʻumi e like me ia - ua kau ʻia ka holoholona e ka ʻokiʻoki ma ka ua, ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i ka Shurka, a ma loko o ka puka liʻiliʻi ma waena o kahi hāme a lākou e lawe ai i nā insides. ʻAi ke ʻeke o ka ʻili me ka ʻiʻo i kā ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kūloko i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi - nā puʻuwai a me nā lolo a waiho ʻia i loko o kēlā 'pēpē'. E hui pū me lākou i waiho i nā pebbles e ʻā ana i ke ahi ma waenakonu. I mea e mālama pono ai i ka momona o kēlā pāʻai - hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻā o ke kupapaʻu i paʻa loa ʻia. Ma lalo o ke kumu o ka wela o ka loko, e hoʻomaka ka huluhulu. Hiki iā ia ke holoi maʻalahi me kou mau lima. A laila ua kāwili ʻia ke kupapaʻu a hiki i kahi ʻulaʻula gula. Ke ʻokiʻoki ia mea ma kahi liʻiliʻi, lawe ʻia nā pebbles a hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka kīʻaha.
ʻOiai he mea kūpono ia e like me kēia hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana me ka moʻolelo. ʻOiai, ʻo ka wai wai i loko, ua kapa ʻia ʻo bodyhan shul, inu ʻimi nā mea ʻimi.
Ma ke ala, ua kāhea ʻo Marco Polo iā Tarbaganov ... i nā kiʻī pharaonic, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna mau moʻolelo i makemake nui nā poʻe kamaʻāina e ʻai i nā holoholona.
Mahalo kiʻi Tarbagan
Hiki ke hopu ʻia ʻo Tarbagan i nā ʻano he nui. Akā, ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea hune e hoʻohana i nā lima liʻiliʻi. A, no ka hiki ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka holoholona ma kahi mamao o ka pana - hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻenehana kūikawā. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia mau hana mai kēlā mau manawa i ka wā e ʻimi ʻia ai kēlā mau marmots me nā kakaka. No laila, ʻo ka mea kālepa e hahai ana i ka tarbagan e kau i kahi lole kūikawā, kahi i loaʻa i kahi kapa keʻokeʻo lōʻihi keʻokeʻo mai ka hulu hulu. Ma ke poʻo ʻo ia e kau ai i kahi pāpale keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā lōʻihi a ʻulu pepeiao, e like me ka hoki o ka hoki. I loko o kēia kāhiko, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka pū ma ka lima hoʻokahi a me ka hu o ka yak ma ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻomaka ka mea lawaiʻa e hūʻai i nā pōʻai i nā Tarbagans, hoʻomāʻumeʻe mau a hoʻomāliʻi i ka huelo o ka yak, a me kekahi manawa e moe ana ma ka ʻāina, ka ʻū ma ka ʻāina. ʻO Tarbagans, e ʻike ana i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, kū ma kā lākou mau kala a hūnā ʻole, akā ʻaʻole e hūnā, no ka mea ua ʻike lākou e ʻike i ke ʻano o ia holoholona. No laila, ke hoʻokokoke nei ka lawaiʻa iā lākou ma kahi mamao o ka pana a hiki ke hoʻomaka e pana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke huli i ka tarbagan me nā ʻīlio, hopu i loko o kahi pahele a me nā loʻi, pakele mai ka lua me ka wai, ʻukia mai kahi lua i ka hoʻoilo ...
hoʻi hou i nā waihona ↑
Kahi e pili ana i ka tarbagan
Noho ka Tarbagans ʻaʻole e noho wale i nā kuahiwi o Mongolia, akā ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ʻAmelika komo. Eia eia nā hoahānau pili o Tarbagan - ʻo ka marmot baibak - e noho nei ma Rūsia, ma Ukraine, Kazakhstan ...
I kēia lā ua kamaʻilio mākou i kekahi holoholona hoihoi e like me ka tarbagan. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou i kāna mau mea maʻamau, nā ʻano, nā ʻano, e pili ana i ka mea hānai manu e like me ka poʻe kiaʻi a me ka mea e alualu ai iā ia. Inā hele ʻoe e kipa iā Mongolia a i ʻole nā ʻāina ʻē i ʻike ʻia ka tarbagan, a laila e hiki nō ʻoe ke kiʻi i kēia holoholona.
Ua ʻimi ʻole anei ʻoe i ka tarbagan a i ʻole ʻo baibaka? Kaʻana like i kou ʻike pili manu me mākou.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā kumuhana o Polofesa A. Bannikov i lawe ʻia mai nā kumu likeʻole.
Maanei hiki iāʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hopu manu ʻana i Kyrgyzstan.
Ke kali nei mākou i kāu pane a me kāu mau ʻōlelo, e hui pū me kā mākou hui VKontakte!
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻIke ʻia nā makmoli Mongoli i ka ʻ Hemlelo Hikina Nui, e like me kā lākou mau hoa āpau, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia wahi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia, Mongolia a me China ʻĀina. He mea maʻamau ia e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā subspecies o ka tarbagan. ʻOkoʻo paha ʻo Marmota sibirica sibirica e noho ana ma Transbaikalia, ʻ Mongollelo Kauaʻi, ma Kina. Loaʻa ka Khangai subspecies Marmota sibirica caliginosus ma Tuva, komohana a me ka ʻaoʻao waena o Mongolia.
ʻO Tarbagan, he ʻumikūmākahi pili pili a ʻelima mau ʻano manu piha i piha i ka honua i kēia mau lā, ua puka mai ia mai ka lālā o ka huaʻāina Marmota mai Prospermophilus i ka Late Miocene. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ka Pliocene. E noho ana ʻo ʻEulopa mai ka Pliocene, a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā hopena o ka Miocene.
Ua hoʻomau nā kime o ka mana hou i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka hoʻolālā o ka ʻōpala axial Paramyidae o ka manawa Oligocene ma mua o nā poʻe ʻelima o nā apana terestrial. ʻAʻole ia he kuhikuhi, akā nā ʻohana pili like ʻole o nā makika nā American Palearctomys Douglass a me Arktomyoides Douglass, ka mea i noho ma Miocene ma nā ʻulā me nā nahele ulu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ka mea e like ai ka Tarbagan
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kupapaʻu he 56.5 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 10,3 cm, aia ma kahi o 25% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. He ʻ6lō a he 8,6 mm ka ʻalā a he ʻolua kūpeʻe a kiʻekiʻe a me nā pāpālā ākea. I loko o ka tarbagan, ʻaʻole i haʻi nui ʻia ka tubercle postorbital e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻaina, pōkole, palupalu. He hina hina ke kala, kūwili, akā hoʻi ma hope o ka nānā ʻana, he ʻeleʻele nīnū poʻomaʻo o nā ʻāpana hulu hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pahu kaleka, he ʻulaʻula-hina. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, kīaʻi ke kala a kūlike me ke kua a me ka ʻōpū.
ʻAeʻeleʻele ke poʻo o ke poʻo i ke ʻano o ka pāpale haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hāʻule, ma hope o ka molting. ʻAʻole ia iʻoi aku ma mua o ka laina e hoʻopili ai i ka waena o nā pepeiao. He māmā nā papalina, vibrissae a me nā hui kala like. Mālamalama ka wahi i waena o nā maka a me nā pepeiao. I kekahi manawa he ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, akā i ka manawa pinepine, hina. Pehu iki ʻia ka wahi i lalo o ka maka, a ke keʻokeʻo a puni ka lehelehe, akā aia kahi palena ʻeleʻele i nā kihi a me nā ʻihi. ʻO ka huelo, e like me ke kala o ke kua, heʻeleʻele a hina paha-brown ma ka ʻaoʻao hope, e like me kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu o kēia koʻokoʻo ma mua o nā molars. ʻO ka hana kūpono i ke ola i nā pōpoki a me ka pono o ka ʻūlū ʻana me lākou me kā lākou mau wāwae e hoʻopalapula ana i kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana; Hoʻohui ʻia ka manamana ʻehā o ka rodent ma mua o ke kolu, a hala ʻole ka mua mua. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻona pipi nā Tarbagans. ʻO ka paona o nā holoholona i hiki aku i ka 6-8 kg, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 9.8 kg, a ma ke kala o ke kauwela 25% o ka paona he momona, ma kahi o 2-2.3 kg. ʻO ka momona subcutaneous he 2-3 mau manawa ma mua o ka momona o kaʻōpū.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o nā Tarbagans o nā ʻākau ʻākau o ka ʻāina. Ma nā mauna, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka nui a nui paha. Hoʻohālikelike ka spimimen i ka hikina, ʻo ka lōʻihi i ke komohana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoni o nā holoholona. M. s. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo sibirica a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma ka nui o ka "cap" poni. M. s. ʻoi aku ka nui o ka caliginosus, ke pena ʻia i ka pihi ma nā kala ʻeleʻele, i ka brown brown, a ʻo ka pāpale ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e like me nā ʻolelo ma mua, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hulu.
Wahi e noho ai ka tarbagan?
Hoʻi kiʻi
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Tarbagany ma nā anuʻu a me nā alpine meadow steppes. ʻO kā lākou wahi noho me nā mea kanu kūpono no ka ʻalā: nā ʻōpala, nā lāʻau, nā kihi alahele, nā ʻāpana alpine, nā wahi ala, nā anuʻu ala, nā puʻu mauna, semi-deses, nā puna wai a me nā awāwa. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 3,8 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. m., akā, ʻaʻole e noho i loko o nā wahi ʻuala alpine. ʻO nā Solonchaks, nā kuʻekuʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā hollows e pale aku ʻia.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka lepuni, noho lākou ma ke kūkulu hema, akā, kahi i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ululāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau. ʻO nā hale noho punahele he mau ʻanuʻu a me nā pae ala mauna. Ma nā wahi like, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāina i hāʻawi i nā holoholona i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Aia ia mau wahi kahi e kulu ai nā mau nahele i ka puna mua i ka puna a me nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia nā mea kanu i ke kauwela no kahi lōʻihi. E like me kēia, hiki mai nā kuʻuna o ke ʻano o nā tarbagans. ʻO ka wā hana o nā kaʻina olakino e pili ana i ka hana o ke ola a me ka hana hou i nā holoholona.
E like me ka pau ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻike ʻia nā nalo ʻana o ka tarbagan, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kuahiwi, ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka makahiki o ke aniani o nā hālū, nā māka hele. Hiki i nā neʻe wikiō ke lilo i 800-1000 mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe. Noho nā ʻōpio ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o M. s. noho ana ʻo sibirica i nā pae i lalo, a ʻo M. s. Ua piʻi ʻo caliginosus ma luna o nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.
Ua makemake ʻo ka marmot Siberian i ke kapu.
- cereal mauna a me nā mahi hoʻowalewale, lōpala lāʻau,
- pua (hula)
- huluhulu-hulupa, pepelu, kāwili ʻia me ka pipi a me nā forbs.
Ke koho ʻana i ka noho, koho ʻia nā tarbagans e nā mea me kahi ʻike maikaʻi - i nā māhiku mauʻu. Ma Transbaikalia a me Mongolia hikina, noho ia i nā kuahiwi me nā puʻu gala, a me nā heiau. I ka wā ma mua, ua hiki nā palena o nā wahi noho ma ka nahele. Ma kēia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holoholona i ke kuahiwi ʻo Hentei a me nā mauna o Transbaikalia komohana.
ʻĀnō iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi i loaʻa ai ʻo tarbagan. E ʻike i nā mea e ʻai ai ka groundg.
He aha kā ka tarbagan ʻai?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Marmot Tarbagan
He mau mea kanu a ʻakano Siberian a ʻai i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu: cereals, asteraceae, mauʻu.
Ma ke Western Transbaikalia, ʻo ka papa kai nui o ka tarbagans ʻo:
- ʻona
- fescue,
- kaleria
- moe ʻuhane
- likomikomikēmai
- astragalus,
- scutellaria,
- paleiko
- kupaianaha,
- ʻōwili
- hoopaa
- ʻōpiopio
- plantain,
- mahaile
- he mahinaai
- popo palaoa
- a me kekahi ano like ole o ka pōleʻa maloʻo a me ka ʻōpala.
ʻIke maoli nō: Ke mālama ʻia nei i kēia noho pio ʻana, ua ʻai kēia mau holoholona i nā mea he 33 o nā mea kanu mai 54 e ulu ana i kahi ʻōpala o Transbaikalia.
Aia ka loli i ka manawa ʻai i ka manawa. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lawa nā mau pua, i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā tarbagans i nā lua, ʻai lākou i ka nui o ka sod mai nā kō a me nā mea pīkī, nā rhizome a me nā ʻōpala.Mai Mei a waena oʻAukake, loaʻa ka ʻai nui, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ko lākou mau poʻo punahele o Asteraceae, he nui nā protein a me nā mea pīpī maʻalahi. Mai ʻAukake, a i nā makahiki maloʻo a ma mua, i ka wā e pau ai ka makeke wāwae, ua pau ka cereal iʻa e ʻai ai iā lākou, akā, ma ka puʻu, i ka hopohopo o nā hōʻoluʻolu, ua mālama mau ka mauʻu a me ka lāʻau.
ʻO ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole i ʻai ka marmot Siberia i nā meaʻai holoholona, ma ka hoʻopio ʻana ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā manu, nā ʻāpana ʻāina, nā ʻūhā, nā wīwī, nā larvae, akā ʻaʻole nā tarbagans i ʻae i kēia meaʻai. Akā ʻoiai, inā i ka ua o ka anā a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, ʻai lākou i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona.
ʻIke maoli nō: ʻO nā hua o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole i ʻoloka ʻia nā huaʻai e nā ʻāpana koa Siberia, akā ua kanu ʻia lākou, a hui pū me nā mea kanu organik a pīpī ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ka honua, hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ke kuahiwi o ka ʻanuʻu.
ʻAi ʻia ʻo Tarbagan mai hoʻokahi a i ka hapa a kg o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole inu ka holoholona i ka wai. Loaʻa ka groundhog i ka wā mua i ka lako me kahi lako kīnā ʻole o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka momona o ka subcutaneous, hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo ia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana. Hoʻomaka ka momona hou i ka hōʻiliʻili i ka hopena o Mei - Iulai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke ala o ke ola o kahi tarbagan ka like o ke ʻano me ke ola a me ke ola o kahi marmot, kahi lepo wai hina, akā he hohonu ka puni o lākou. ʻOi aku pinepine me ka mea ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi kāmele nui. Ma nā kuahiwi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā noho ʻana he fūpō a me ka girder. ʻO nā kahakai no ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻaʻole nā pau i mua o ke keʻena pili, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi meā earthen. Ma nā pāpū puʻuwai, no ka laʻana, e like me Dauria, ka laʻī o Bargoy, ʻo nā noho i ka no ka marmot mahele i nā ʻāpana kūwaha.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo, e pili ana i ka noho a me nā wahi o ka ʻāina, ʻo 6 - 7.5 mahina. Hana ʻia ka ʻahaʻaina nui ma ka hikina hema o Transbaikalia ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano ʻoi loa no 20-30 mau lā. ʻO nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā alanui a i kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai paha kekahi iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hele maikaʻi a momona a noho hoʻi i ka hibernation.
ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua, ka nui o ka litter a me kahi nui o nā holoholona e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka mahana ma loko o ke keʻena ma ke pae o 15 tikelī. Inā e hāʻule i ka aʻa, a laila hele nā holoholona i kahi kāmele a me kā lākou neʻe e wela ai kekahi i kēlā me kēia a me ka wahi i puni. ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka mākeke o nā Mongol i hoʻohana i nā makahiki, he ulu i ka nui o nā ʻāina he nui. ʻO ka butanes ka inoa kūloko no kēlā mau marmots. ʻOi ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻāpana ma mua o nā baibaks a i nā kuahiwi mauna. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka 1 mika, kahi 8 mau ākea ma mua. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā marmots e loaʻa hou - a hiki i 20 mau mika.
I ke anu anu, ua pau ʻole ka hoʻoilo, tarbagans ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili i ka make momona. Hōʻemi nā holoholona hoʻohemo i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻoiai he mau liʻiliʻi no ka meaʻai a i ka wā i heʻe ai nā hau ma ʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia poʻe ʻōpio ke loaʻa ʻole ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka momona. I ka pūnāwai, ua ikaika loa ka tarbagans, hele lākou i ka manawa he nui i ka ʻāina, e mamao ana mai nā lua, kahi e hoʻohuli ai ka lau ma ke ʻano he 150-300 mika. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i nā marmots, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka mea kanu mua.
I nā lā kauwela, aia nā holoholona i ka burrows, ʻaʻole i hele iki i ka maka. Hele lākou i ka 'ai inā pili ka wela. I ka wā hoʻoilo, nui ke koʻikoʻi o nā marmots Siberian ma luna o nā marmots, akā nā mea i loaʻa ʻole ka momona momona i loko o nā manaʻo kaumaha. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua haʻalele nā tarbagans i ka lua, a ʻoiai, aia wale nō i nā hola ahiahi. ʻElua mau pule ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻohi i nā ʻihi no ka lumi hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Tarbagan mai ka Puke ʻaha
Noho nā holoholona i nā koloni i ke anuʻu, e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi me nā kani a ʻike hoʻokele ʻia nei ke ʻano. No ka hana i kēia, noho lākou ma ko lākou wāwae hind, e nānā ana a puni ka honua. No ka ʻike nui ʻana, he mau maka convex nui lākou, kahi i kau ʻia ai i luna o ka lei a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka makemake o Tarbagans e noho ma kahi o ka 3 a 6 heka, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana pōpilikia lākou e noho ai ma luna o 1.7 - 2 heka.
Hoʻohana ka hua ʻāina Siberia i nā lua no nā hanauna, inā ʻaʻole kekahi e hoʻopilikia iā lākou. I nā wahi mauna, kahi e ʻae ʻole ai ka lepo i ka ʻoka ʻana i nā pua hohonu he nui, aia kahi mau manawa a hiki i 15 mau poʻe pōkole i hoʻokahi lumi, akā ma ka awelika 3-4-5 nā holoholona i ka hoʻoilo ma nā lua. ʻO ka paona litter i ka wa hoʻoilo hiki ke 7-7 kg.
ʻO ka ʻū, a ma hope koke o ka luku ʻana, e hele ana ma ka marmots Mongala ma hope o ke ala ʻana i ka wā hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka ʻāina. Noho ka wahine hāpai 30-42 mau lā, lactation mau ka lōʻihi. E kūʻai, ma hope o hoʻokahi pule hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka waiū a hoʻopau i nā mea kanu. Aia nā pēpē 4-5 i loko o ka litter. Hoʻohālikelike ka māhele moekolohe. I ka makahiki mua, make ka 60% o nā mamo.
ʻAʻole haʻalele nā ʻōpio i nā makahiki ʻekolu a i ʻole ka wā i hoʻoilo ai nā mākua. ʻO nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka kolone ʻohana e pili pū ana i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ka mea maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka thermoregulation i ka wā hānau. Hoʻopili kēia mālama mālama āpau i ka ola holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano. ʻO ka kolone ʻohana ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻa he 10-15 mau kānaka, ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino mai ka 2-6. Ma kahi o 65% o nā wahine hāpai wahine i komo i ka pua. Ua kūpono kēia ʻano o nā marmots i ka hana hou i ka makahiki ʻehā o ke ola ma Mongolia a ma ke kolu o Transbaikalia.
ʻIke maoli nō: Ma Mongolia, kāhea ka poʻe hopu heʻumi makahiki he "mundal", ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua - "cauldron", ʻekolu makahiki - "sharakhazzar". ʻAno kāne - "burkh", wahine - "tarch".
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā Tarbagans
ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka ʻaeto gula ke weliweli loa no ka marmot Siberian, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau ʻole ma Transbaikalia. ʻO ka Steppe e ʻaʻa ana i ka mea maʻi a me nā marmots, a ʻai pū i ka mea kanu make. Ka ke kikowaena kikowaena kikowaena ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia i kēia kumu o ka ʻoho me ka aeto e hele ai nā wāwae, e pāʻani ana i nā hana o kahi 'ihi pololei. ʻO nā Tarbagans e huki i kahi oho a me nā ʻoki. ʻO nā ʻōmua wī nui, ʻōlelo nui ka ʻīlio i nā pōʻino nui o ka ʻolua Mongoli, a e hōʻemi ka nui o nā holoholona ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā ʻīlio. Hiki i nā leki melemele a me nā bea enaena e hahai iā lākou.
ʻIke maoli nō: ʻOiai nā ikaika a ka poʻe tarbagans, ʻaʻole e hoʻouka ka ʻulepo i nā ʻohana hipa. Ma hope o ka hibernate hibernate, e hele aku nā mea hina hina i nā holoholona.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ka poʻe Foxes i nā momi ʻōpio. ʻIke ʻia lākou e corsac a me ka ferret māmā. ʻAʻole e hōʻino nā mea ʻino i nā marmots a me nā koʻokoʻi e mālama ʻole ai iā lākou. Akā i ʻike ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa o ke koena o ka badger i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka badger, i ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻāʻī o lākou, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻalele i ka lua. Hōʻike ka makaʻu i nā tarbagans e nā flea e noho ana i ka huluhulu, ixodid a me nā lāʻau ʻoki, nā lice. Ma lalo o ka ʻili, hiki i nā hua keʻa o ka puʻupuʻu manu ke kūlapa. Hoʻopilikia ka holoholona i nā coccidia a me nematodes. Hāpai kēia mau mea kanu loko i kahi koʻokoʻo a hiki i ka make.
Hoʻohana ʻo Tarbaganov i ka heluna kanaka kamaʻilio i ka meaʻai. Ma Tuva lāua ʻo Buryatia, ʻaʻole pinepine ia i kēia manawa (malia paha no ka ʻike ʻia ʻoi loa ka holoholona), akā ma Mongolia ma nā wahi āpau. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona me ka momona, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka momona i ka ʻai wale nō, akā no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻole mahalo nui ʻia nā ʻili Rodent i mua o ka helehelena, akā hiki i nā ʻenehana o kēia mau lā e pili ana i ka lole a me ka hana ʻana e hoʻohuhū i ko lākou hulu no ka hulu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻIke maoli nō: Inā pilikia ka tarbagan, a laila ʻaʻole ia e lele i waho o ka lua. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi e ʻohi ai, a ʻeli ka holoholona a hohonu hou, a me ka neʻe ʻana ma hope o ke kahaki ʻoi me ka huaʻai. Kūʻē nui ka holoholona i hopu ʻia a hiki ʻo ke hōʻeha maikaʻi, hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi kanaka me ke kaʻe make.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ka mea e like me ka tarbagan
Ua emi iki ka heluna o ka tarbagan i nā makahiki i hala. Kūpono nui ʻia kēia ma Rusia.
- kaʻina pio o nā holoholona,
- ke kanu ʻāina ʻana ma Transbaikalia a me Dauria,
- ka hana pelekane kūikawā e wehe i kahi maʻi o ka maʻi lapalapa (tarbagan kahi mea mālama pākō o kēia maʻi).
I nā makahiki 30-40 o ka kenekulia hope i Tuva, ma ka pali o Tannu-Ola, aia nō ka mea ma kahi o 10 tausani mau kānaka. Ma ke komohana ʻo Transbaikalia, ʻo ko lākou helu ma ka 30s he 10 tausani mau holoholona nō hoʻi. Ma ka hema hema o Transbaikalia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki iwakālua. ua nui nā miliona tarbagans, a ma waena o ke kenekulia i kēlā mau wahi, ka mea nui i ka māhele hoʻoili ʻana, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka poʻe ma mua o 10 mau kānaka no ka 1 km2. Ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kailastui wale nō ma kahi liʻiliʻi he mahele o 30 mau ʻāpana. a lo 1 km2. Akā ua emi mau ka nui o nā holoholona, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka moʻomeheu i waena o ka lehulehu kanaka.
ʻO ka helu ʻumi o nā holoholona ma ka honua nei he 10 miliona. I ka makahiki 84, i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua. Ma Lūkia, hiki i kahi 38,000 mau kānaka, e komo pū ana:
- i Buryatia - 25,000,
- i Tuva - 11000,
- i loko o Kahiki ʻo Transbaikalia - 2000.
I kēia manawa ua emi pinepine ka nui o ka holoholona i kākoʻo ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o nā Tarbagans mai Mongolia. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ma Mongolia i nā makahiki 90 e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka lehulehu ma o ka 70%, e hoʻoneʻe ana i kēia ʻano mai ke "ʻūlū liʻiliʻi" i ka "hoʻoweliweli". Wahi a ka ʻike hopu hopu no ka 1942-1960. ua kaulana ia aia ma 1947 i ke kālepa kūleʻa a hōʻea i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 miliona mau ʻāpana. Ma waena o 1906 a me 1994, nā liʻiliʻi he 104.2 miliona mau kino ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ke kūʻai aku ma Mongolia.
ʻO ka helu maoli o nā ʻili i kūʻai ʻia ma mua o nā kuʻi huni ma mua o ʻekolu. I ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 117 mau mea i loaʻa i ka ʻili i hala ʻole ʻia. Ua hele mai ka pahū hānai mai ka manawa i hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻili, a ʻo nā mea e like me nā ala hou a me nā ʻano o ka halihali i hāʻawi aku i ke komo nui o nā poʻe lawaiʻa e ʻimi ana i nā kolone.
Mālama ʻana iā Tarbagan
Kuhi: Tarbagan mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ma ka Red Book o Rūsia, ʻo ia ka holoholona, e like me ka papa inoa IUCN, i ka māhele "ʻakekau" - he heluna kēia ma ka hema o Transbaikalia, i ka māhele o ka "hōkeo" ma Tyva, Northeast Transbaikalia. Kahu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka wahi i mālama ʻia ʻo Borgoysky a me Orotsky, i nā wahi i loko o Sokhondinsky a me Daursky, a me Buryatia a me ka Trans-Baikal Territory. No ka pale a hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, pono ia e hana i nā loea holoholona hihiu kūikawā, a me nā ana no nā reintroduction, e hoʻohana ana i nā poʻe mai kahi hoʻokō maikaʻi.
ʻO ka palekana o kēia mau holoholona holoholona e pono hoʻi i ka manaʻo no ka mea he kumu nui ka ola o nā tarbagans i ka pae ʻāina. ʻO Flora ma nā marmots ʻoi aku ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e pau i ka burnout. ʻO nā marmots mongoli ka mea nui i ka hana nui i ka zona biogeographic. Ma Mongolia, ʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona mai ʻAukake 10 a ʻOkakopa 15, e like me nā loli i ka nui o nā holoholona. Ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka ʻaihue i ka makahiki 2005, 2006. ʻO Tarbagan ka papa inoa o nā holoholona lihilahi o Mongolia. Aia ia i loko o nā wahi palekana i hala o ka pā (e like me 6% o ka pae).
Tarbagan kēlā holoholona, he mau monikona he nui. Aia ʻo kekahi o lākou ma Krasnokamensk a he ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ʻelua mau ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka miner a me kahi ʻaki holoholona, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka holoholona, i aneane e hoʻopau nei iā Dauria. Ua kau ʻia kahi ʻano ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kūlanakauhale i Angarsk, kahi i kū ai i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā pōpoki mai ka hulu tarbagan. Aia kahi kūlana nui o ka papa kiʻi ʻelua ma Tuva kokoke i ke kauā Mugur-Aksy. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pahola ʻelua no ka tarbagan ma Mongolia: hoʻokahi ma Ulan Bator, a ʻo kekahi, i hana ʻia i nā pahele, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Mongolia.
Ke hoʻokūkū maikaʻi ʻana i kahi palapala huaʻōlelo
Aloha! ʻO Lampobot koʻu inoa, he polokalamu kamepiula wau e kōkua ana e hana i kahi Palapala Huaʻōlelo. ʻIke wau pehea e helu ai, akā hiki ʻole iaʻu i maopopo ke ʻano o ka hana o ko ke ao nei. E kōkua mai iaʻu e noʻonoʻo mai!
Mahalo! Ua lilo wau i mea liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ao o nā manaʻo.
Nīnau: ka māla ʻana He mea waiwai ʻole paha kekahi, a maikaʻi paha?