ʻO kēia cichlid kūpono loa i ka nui o nā mea ʻona a me nā mea hoʻomaka. Hiki i ke tsikhlazoma Severum hiki i lilo i mea hoihoi i nā cichlids i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻoihana, a ua loaʻa i nā aquarist novice ke ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i nā iʻa maʻalahi a mua.

Pono Pono

ʻO kēia mau poʻe cichlids me ke kino kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e like me ka nui astronotus ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaulana i waena o nā mea ʻokiʻī o ko mākou ʻāina ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei. Ua wehewehe ka inoa inoa ʻole o kēia iʻa (discus maoli) i ke kumu o ko lākou kaulana i mua loa. paʻakikī ʻo ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole nā ​​mea āpau i hoʻokele e hana i nā kūlana e pono ai no lākou.And Severum (vaguely hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ke kino o ka discus) he mau mea koʻikoʻi a manaʻo nui ʻia i kekahi I ka manawa o ka manawa, hele mai nā ʻano nui i loko o ka ʻoihana kai loko o ka ʻāina, a nalowale ko Severum i ko lākou kaulana.

ʻO ka moʻolelo

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Severum tsikhlazoma, i kapa ʻia ʻo discus maoli, i ʻike i ka ʻepekema i ka manawa like me ka discus maoli (Symphysodon discus). Ua loaʻa nā mea ʻelua i ka wā mua a ua wehewehe ʻia e ka zoologist Austrian, ka mea kūlohelohe a me ka mea hōʻiliʻili ʻo Johann Nutterer, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka iʻa koko nui loa o ka Amazon (piranha). Hele ʻo ia i Brazil i 1817-1835, ua loaʻa i nā ʻano iʻa hou no ka ʻepekema āna i hālāwai ai me nā wai o nā muliwai ma Brazil, a hōʻiliʻili i nā kolepa nui o cichlids. I ka makahiki 1840, e pili ana i kēia mau huakaʻi hele, kona hoa, ichthyologist ʻO Johann Jacob Haeckel i kākau i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka iʻa hou ma ka muliwai ʻo Brazil ʻo Johann Nutterera.

Loaʻa i ka ulia cichlazoma ka inoa Latin Heros Severus, i loko o kēia ʻatikala he nui mau ʻāpana cichlids i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ma waena o lākou ʻo Heros efasciatus.

I kekahi mau pūnaewele pūnaewele no ka cichlomas Severum, ʻelua mau inoa Latin i hoʻohana like ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā commas - Heros Severus a me Heros efasciatus. Loaʻa paha kēia no ka mea like a like kēia mau ʻano ke ʻano o ke ʻano, a he mea paʻakikī loa no ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. Ma nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano, a hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia ka wehewehe. Aia kekahi manaʻo e like like me Heros efasciatus me ka ʻoki poʻowai i ʻia (Heros notatus), a he mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou.

Ma ka lab labana o ka auhau o ka Severum

ʻO Severum, e like me keʻano, i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i nā manawa he mau makahiki ma o nā ʻauhau ʻauhau. ʻO nā inoa o nā ʻano cichlids o nā huaʻōlelo Heros (i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe), i loaʻa i ka iʻa ma 1840 mai Johann Nutterer a me Johann Jacob Haeckel, i hoʻomaka ʻia e like me nā mea e like me ka wā (ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kanāwalu o nā kenekulia 20). ʻO ia, ua hōʻemi ʻia nā meaʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi.

Akā ma hope mai, ua ʻike maopopo ka ʻelua ieneteneko Sven Kullander (1986) i ʻelua mau ʻano.

• Hōʻūleʻa Heros - ʻōmaʻomaʻo a maʻamau paha.
• Heros appendiculatus - Severum turquoise cichlazoma.

I kona manaʻo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cusloma turum ka uka ʻōlule me kahi ʻulaʻula ʻAmelika-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi ʻomo ʻōpala-ʻulaʻula o nā hāpala o ka ventral a me kahi pāula me he keleawe keleawe tint iris.

Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana no nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻĀkino i ka papa inoa o nā iʻa ʻAmelika Hema

Ma ka makahiki 2003, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Cullander a me nā hoa hana (Reis lāua ʻo Ferraris) i kahi katuna o nā iʻa ʻAmelika Hema. I loko o kēia moʻolelo, i ka ʻano o ka moʻo genos Heros, ʻehā mau ʻano o ka palaki i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, nakinaki ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē like ʻole. I waena o lākou: ʻo Heros Severus, ʻo ka lua o nā hua - H. efasciatus (like like me H. appendiculatus) a me nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe H. notatus lāua ʻo H. Spurius.

ʻAʻole kūpono ia ke kaʻina, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka mea hoʻonaʻauao awelika e hoʻomaopopo a maopopo pono i ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano āna e kau ai i ka aku i loko.

Nā Heros sp wale?

He aha ka inoa kūpono no ka mahele aquarium cichlazoma? E maʻalahi paha - Heros sp. a i ʻole naʻe, e noʻonoʻo i nā mea ʻelua i noi ʻia e Cullander me ka noʻonoʻo pono i nā kūʻokoʻa e wehewehe ʻia ma waena o kēia mau ʻano (Heros Severus a me Heros appendiculatus (H. efasciatus)?

Ma waena o nā mea aquarist, ʻo ka inoa "Severum" e hoʻomaka koke ana e hoʻololi mai kahi inoa inoa wale nō (kahi i hana ʻia) i kahi inoa ākea e hoʻomaka mua ana e hoʻopili ʻia ma nā ʻano like like (hopu ʻia i loko o ke ʻano a loaʻa i ke kaʻina koho). ʻO kēia ka: "momi gula", "turquoiseumum" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Kāleka

Ke kūʻai ʻia nei nā Severums i ke pio ʻana, no ka manawa ʻoi aku paha nā makahiki he haneli. ʻO nā kūpuna ko lākou iʻa i ka iʻa ma ka Amazon a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Rio Negro.

Aia nō paha ia ma nā ʻano he ʻekolu a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o kahi huaʻai i kūʻai ʻia aku. No laila, e noʻonoʻo nei i ka nānā ʻana o cichlids o ka genus Heros, ʻaʻole mākou e hana i ka kuhikuhi ʻana i kekahi ʻano kikoʻī.

Ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini ka inoa o kēlā me kēia ʻano he "Severum cichlase":

• Heros efasciatus - Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ʻo Cyclazoma
• Heros hūkē - Severum tsikhlazoma ʻōmaʻomaʻo,
• Heros notatus - Severum Notatus Cyclazoma.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi

He helehelena kupanaha ʻo Cichlazoma: he poʻo nui, ke huli ʻoliʻoli i loko o ke kino, nā maka ākea i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻōulaʻula, he waha me nā lehelehe mānoanoa. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka dorsal. Hoʻololi nā kala i ka gula a i ʻole ka malachite i nā kime sola, i ke ʻano o ka nohona o ka iʻa.

Hōʻike nā unahi i nā pahu liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​gula liʻiliʻi i hana i nā laina laha ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā iʻa ʻōpio he mau kaula kīkī o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao, ʻewalu a ʻeiwa paha, a nalowale. Ma ka waihona o nā dorsal a me nā anal fins he wahi pōʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kahi palena māmā. Anal fin ma mua-ʻulaʻula, ma hope o ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO nā manaʻo ʻike

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Breeders i nā ʻano he nui o Severum, ʻokoʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa ʻia, ʻo ka ʻalani ulaula Severum, gula gula Severum, ʻohiʻohi a me ka Severum ʻulaʻula. E kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi i lākou.

ʻO ka ʻalaʻula ulaula a i ʻole nā ​​kala ʻulaʻula

Pono gula maikaʻi loa ʻAno ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻia me kahi ʻāpana gula, ʻaʻohe kāwili a me nā ʻono. Inā ʻaʻole i nā kāne, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kala gula i ʻulaʻula. ʻOiai aia paha nā albinos a me nā unahi maalea a me nā maka ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻohuihui ʻO nā Redhands

Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi he rotkail. ʻO kēia ka māka nani o nā Severum. ʻAʻole hoʻi nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā hopohopo kūikawā - maikaʻi loa ia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Rothkail e kona ʻano aniani nani a me ke ʻano ʻano. He ona kala a he ʻula paha paha ma hope o nā kāʻei i ka ulaula a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ke kala he polakino ʻulaʻula ʻia, nāu ʻeleʻele e pālahalaha ʻia i ke kino a me ka lae. I nā wahine, ikaika ka kala. ʻOiai ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, ke hele mai ka spawning - e lilo pū ka huhū.

Nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona

Ma ka ulu lāʻau, ola ka cichlazomaum i ʻAmelika Hema, i nā muliwai o Kolombia a me Venezuela, ma nā kihi o nā Rio Negro a me ka ʻāpana ʻO Orinoco. ʻOiai ka nui o ka laulā ma waena o nā biotopes, he nui nō ia, no laila e ʻōlelo ai, ʻo “hiʻohiʻona” hiʻohiʻona.

I ka waha a me ka pāpū o ka Rio Negro, no ka laʻana, he brown a me ke ao ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka iʻa ma ka maka, ua kōkua lākou i kekahi o nā makaʻala. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o kā Severum i kēia mau māhele ke hāʻule nei nā lau, nā pua a me nā hua o nā lāʻau e ulu kokoke ana i ka wai ponoʻī. ʻO ka iʻa wai pāpaho ma ko lākou uluʻana e kokoke kokoke i kahakai - he nui nā mea pōkole a me nā nui hou, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke peʻe, a maikaʻi nā wahi no ka lawena. Loaʻa nā kūlana o Severum Venezuela. ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Orinoco he heogogous: inā inā he wai ka wai o ka muliwai i ka 25 ° C, ka paʻakikī o ka 0.9 dGH a me ka acidity o 6,9 pH, a laila ʻokoʻa loa kēia mau waiwai no nā kahe. Ma ke kauā Orinoco, he pākalona ke kai: nui loa ia i ke kauwela, akā ka ua i ka hoʻoilo. Nā mea kanu lāʻau - nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau - kanu ʻole.

ʻO ka mālama a me ka mālama i ka aquarium

Pono ka loko o ka aquarium iʻa no laila he mea maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana ma nā ʻano āpau. ʻO ka mea mua: pono i ka aquarium i kahi mālie a noho mālie. ʻO nā iʻa i loko o ia makemake e holo ma lalo a i ʻole i ka waena.

E pili ana i ka kukui, ʻaʻohe kumu koi, pono wale nō ke kīleʻaleʻa - ʻaʻole makemake kēia iʻa. ʻOi aku - ʻeleʻele a lahilahi ke kukui.

ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo ia ka discus maikaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea e hele mai ai ia no ka ʻano hihiu, akā he aquarium lōʻihi hoʻi ka nui. Me ka mālama kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana o ka hale aku hiki ke ola i ʻumikumamālima a keu paha mau makahiki.

Kālā a me ka helu

I ka nui, ʻo ka hale akuʻa paha ma ka liʻiliʻi he 300 lita, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi he 150 lita no hoʻokahi pā o ka iʻa, akā ma ka laulā - ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka mālie o ka poʻe noho. No keʻano o cichlases, he mea nui loa ia e loaʻa i ko lākou ʻāina - no ka hoʻoulu a me kona pale. A eia ka mea e hoihoi hoihoi a hoʻonani paha - i ka pālahalaha ākea a me ka haʻahaʻa, ulu ka ʻupena i ka laulā a lilo i mea like me ka discus, akā aia i loko o ka pākiki kikoʻī lākou e kī aku ai.

Pono wai

Nui ke aloha o ka iʻa Akuumona i ka wai "kahiko", ua hoʻonoho ʻia, me kahi kahe liʻiliʻi ma ka aquarium. ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i nā ʻokoʻa o ka wai, akā naʻe, pono e noho i loko o 20-28 ° С (ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi - 25 ° С). Ka huakaʻi pH 6.8-8.0, a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa dH 6-20. Pono e hoʻololi ka wai i ka hebedoma e 30%.

ʻO ka lepo a me nā mea kanu

No ka makemake nui o ka iʻa i ka loko aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopihapiha i nā ʻano like ʻole me ka honua wai o nā kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema: ke one lepo, nā pōhaku nui a me nā ʻano driftwood. ʻO nā hale hoʻolaʻa aku - nā kahe liʻiliʻi, nā pōhaku - e hana i nā wahi no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka aquarium i loko o nā ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi nā lau i lalo i lalo o ka hale o ka aquarium, e like me ke beech, aak a almond.

ʻO nā mea kanu o cichlazoma "aloha." Huki lākou iā lākou e like me ke kahe ʻana o ka mea nona. No laila, inā ʻoe e mālama i nā mea kanu i ka mea kanu, a laila nā lau maloʻo wale nō a me nā rhizomes ikaika. I kēia hihia, mea e pono ai e aʻa iā lākou a hailuku iā lākou. Mai nā mea kanu, kūpono nā cryptocrins a me vallisneria - ulu koke lākou.

Mea lako hou

He cismlazoma kahi pōkole wikiwiki, a hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai. Ma kēia kumu, pono ke kānana ikaika (aila ʻoliola) a me ka hoʻokaumaha ʻia i ka māhu. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka kānana aquarium, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o kāna hana nui, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, pono hoʻi e hana i kahi kaila liʻiliʻi i loko o ka aquarium - aloha nui ka cichlazomas.

He aha nā mea eʻai ai nā Severums?

ʻAʻohe manaʻo hopohopo kūikawā eia - He ʻano piha nā Severum a ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai a pau no ka iʻa aku aku, me ka ʻole o waho. E like me ka mea nui o ka ʻai, nā papa kaiʻai no nā cichlids nui me ka spirulina a i ʻole nā ​​momona ʻē aʻe e kūpono. He mea maikaʻi ia e hoʻohui i ka ai a i ʻole nā ​​mea ola i ka meaʻai: mai ka liʻiliʻi - kahe koko, ka gammarus, ka tubule, ʻoi aku - nui, ʻeke, nā wīwī a me nā kīʻaha iʻa.

ʻO nā hōʻeha nui ka paʻi nui, no laila e pono e hāʻawi i ka mea liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi, he mau manawa i ka lā. ʻAʻole hoʻi e hoʻoluhi.

ʻO Habitat a me kahi noho

Ke Komohana Hema: ʻO ka ākea i nā wahi hoʻopihapiha o ka muliwai ʻo Amazon, ka mea nui ma ka muliwai Ucayali ma Peru a me ka muliwai Solimines i Brazil, ua loaʻa pū ʻia i ka muliwai Shingu.

ʻO ka hale maʻamau ka hohonu o nā wai hohonu a me nā lālā.

Ke hiʻohiʻona i nā hoalauna

Hoʻomanawanui ka discus hewa ʻole a ʻaʻole huhū i nā iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hele maikaʻi ʻo ia me nā cichlids me ka like me ka like a me ka nui; No kahi kamaʻilio piha maikaʻi me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, koi ʻia kahi nui akuʻa nui. Me ia e hiki ʻole iā ia ke hele, ʻo ia nō me ka iʻa i ka pale manawaleʻa - tetra, neon, pecilia a me nā mea iʻa.

Akā ʻo ka mālama ʻana i cichlase me ka hui i ka hope o ka hiki ʻole. ʻO kēia no ko lākou huhū intraspecific huhū. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoi ka nui o ka loko a me ka hana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia iā ʻoe e mālama i kahi jamb o kēia mau mea hoʻohālikelike intraspecific.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui

Hoʻohui like lākou i nā kūloko kanaka. No ka hoʻouluulu ʻia, ʻaʻole pono nā kāne i like me ka masonry like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono lāua he kaikunāne. A i ʻole, ma ka nui o ka hihia, hoʻēmi ka hua. E like me ke kānāwai, ua koho ka iʻa i ka male. Akā aia kekahi mea ʻokoʻa maanei: hiki i nā ʻōpio ke hana i nā kāne like ʻole (ʻo ka wahine me ka wahine, no ka mea hoʻohālike) a ʻaʻohe mea e hānai i nā hua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma nā cichlids maʻamau, hūnā nā hua mai ka makahiki a me ka hapa, akā ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike iā ia iho mua ma mua. No laila, hoʻoulu ʻia ka hana hou i kekahi manawa: i ka manawa mua, ʻelua ma ka pule, 10% hoʻololi i ka wai a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona pāʻai i nā ʻāpana he nui, a laila e piʻi mālie iā 5 mau kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohua i ka iʻa i loko o nā mea hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻokahi, hoʻokahi hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne

Kūpono ʻo Severum i ka wā ākea e ka hapa a me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki. A hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine ma mua o ka manawa - e ʻeono mahina. I nā kāne ʻōpio, ʻaʻole i like me nā wahine, ua ʻoi ʻia ka hope dorsal, e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi a ʻoi loa ke kua o ka makahiki. I nā kāne makua, ʻike ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala, ma ke poʻo i laila e hōʻike ana i nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-turquoise, nā ʻāpana-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōpio, a i nā wahine hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia lākou, pau ka waihoʻoluʻu. I ka hapa nui o ka spawning i nā wahine, ʻike nui ʻia kahi ovipositor nui, ʻōwili i ka hopena, a ʻo nā kāne, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi nā vas deferens.

Hoʻohālikelike wā

I ka manawa o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole like me ke koena o ke ola, ka ulia cichlomas nui loa e pili ai i nā mea noho ʻē aʻe āpau o ka aku. Akā ma waena o lākou iho, e hoʻonohonoho ka wahine a me ke kāne "keʻa hula" - pili lākou me ko lākou waha a me ka "waltz" wili. Ma hope o ka hulahula - hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i kahi i koho ʻia no ka lūlū i nā hua, pono lākou i kahi pālahalaha a iʻa iki paha no kēia. He kūpono ke pōhaku ʻokoʻa a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ka palaka i kūpono. Aia ka wahine a ka wahine, ʻauʻau ke kāne ma hope o ka hānai i ka hua.

ʻO ka maʻamau, kuʻi ka wahine mai ʻekolu haneli a hoʻokahi tausani hua (ma muli o ka nui o ka spawning). Mālua lāua ʻelua iā lāua: ʻoki ka wahine i nā hua i ʻōleʻa ʻole ʻia, a holo ke kāne i ka iʻa kokoke. ʻO ka manawa hoʻonui o ka hua i ka hebedoma ma mua o kahi hebedoma - kau ʻia ia ma ke ʻano o ka wai i loko o ka hale aku. ʻO ka mea nānā i haki ʻia i nā lā ʻehiku e hoʻomaka eʻauʻau a ʻai ikaika. I ka wā mua, hānai nā mākua iā lākou me ka ʻili o ka ʻili i nā ʻaoʻao, akā ʻaʻole kēia e hana mau. Pono ka fries i ka meaʻai kūikawā - rotifers, artemia nauplii a me nā cyclops. Akā ulu liʻiliʻi nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka hapa mua - hoʻokahi mahina i hoʻokahi kenimika wale nō, a laila nā pepa waihoʻoluʻu.

Ka mea, ʻo ka mālama a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka iʻa maikaʻi cichlazoma iʻoi aku ka makemake e pono ai i ka mea nona ka hoʻoikaika, ka manawa a me ke kālā. Akā me kā lākou hiʻohiʻona aristocratic, lokomaikaʻi, ʻokoʻa a ʻoluʻolu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka maluhia. Ke koho i kēia mau poʻe noho o ka iāʻamona, ʻaʻole ʻoe e mihi.

Nā kala ʻokoʻa

Kēia ʻiʻoumumumumumumusumusumusus Herus Severus, kapa ʻia kāla cichlazoma kīleʻaleʻa, ʻokoʻa loa ia i loko o ka poʻe lawe kīwī. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like like lākou me ka turquoiseumum. Akā ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā o ka hana - ke hua ʻia i loko o ka waha.

I ka hānauʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Heros Severus i loaʻa nā ʻano like like ʻole. No kēia kumuhana, ʻoi aku ka mea maʻalahi o ka hana me nā ʻano Heros efasciatus (turquoise), kahi i loaʻa ke ʻano he nui ʻano ʻano. I waena o lākou ʻo Severum gula, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻano like ʻole ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻokiʻoki ʻo Turquoise e waiho i nā hua ma kahi substrate a mālama pono i ka hua.

ʻEkaʻulaʻula

ʻO ka ʻeleʻula ulaula momona (red dotted) he mea aloha i loko o ka maluhia gula a me nā wahi ʻulaʻula. Hiki i ka pena o nā unahi ke ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula nui (ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻulaʻula.ʻAʻole nā ​​hilahila a ke aloha pōkole ʻo Tsikhlazoma aloha e makemake e aʻo i ka honua a puni, e noʻonoʻo pono ana i nā mea āpau a puni. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa o ka spawning, loli nui ka ʻano o nā pika redum cikhlazoma. Mālama ʻo ka iʻa i ka ʻāina a komo i loko o nā ʻāpana me nā hoahānau.

Ke gula

Kēlā Pōhaku Hōʻulu - ʻo ka iʻa aku iʻa ke kala kala ʻula me ke kala gula. ʻAʻohe ona kīhai a hai ʻia paha. I nā kāne, ua hoʻololi ke kala gula i ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia ʻano pū kekahi pū kekahi albinos me nā pale ʻulaʻula pale a me nā maka ulaula.

ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula

ʻO Red-shouldered (rothkale) kekahi o nā mea i kaulana loa o ka Severum. ʻIke maila ʻo ia i kekahi manawa ma ko mākou ʻāina, akā ua makemake loa ʻo ia i nā mea nā aquarist no kona ʻokoʻa ʻānō, unpretentiousness ma ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻano e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke kino o kēia iʻa he kala a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha o ka kala, a ma hope o nā palaʻiki he wahi ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele. He ʻōlamalama ʻoi aku nā kāne, a pālahalaha ʻia nā wahi uliuli i ke kino a me ka lae. He pena kala ʻokoʻa nā wahine. E like me nā ʻano cichlids ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ka mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā o ka spawning.

Kālea

ʻĀmaʻomaʻo (Severanskiy) kahi pāpaʻu a ʻona paha ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Kele ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele i nā kāne ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, a maʻa ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke kala like. I nā wahine, ikaika ka kala. ʻAʻole e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano ʻano, makemake nui nā ʻōlehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo e noho i nā papa lalo a me waena o ke kino o ka wai.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā cichlids i kahi kikoʻī e like me nā ʻano cichlids ʻē aʻe. ʻOi ʻia ka iʻa o kēia iʻa i nā ʻano pathogens, a e hoʻomaopopo pū i ke anuanu. ʻO Mandatory ka noho ʻana o kahi aquarium nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 lita no nā kāne). A laila eʻoluʻolu kēia mau iʻa me ka mālie. He mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kou ʻāina ponoʻī no kahi mau kāne. Nā lākou e pale iā ia i ka wā o ka hua. I kekahi manawa hakakā ʻo ka iʻa i waena o lākou. Hoʻopili lākou i ka waha, hiki ke ana iā lākou ke lōʻihi no ka ikaika. Akā i ka loko ākea ākea e loaʻa iā lākou kahi avanoa kūpono no ka launa pū ʻana.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ka hilinaʻi o ke ʻano o ke kino ma luna o kāu aquarium i koho ʻia. Inā he pākahi ka nui o ka aquarium a ulu a Severum cichlazoma e ulu i ka lōʻihi, e kiʻekiʻe kona kino, a nui aʻe ke ʻano he discus. Ma ka pālahalaha ākea a haʻahaʻa, e nui ka kino o kēia iʻa i ka laulā.

ʻO ka mahana wai wela no ka Severum mai 24 a 26 ° C. Akā i kahi hōʻemi liʻiliʻi a hoʻonui paha paha i ka mālamaʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻOiai kekahi mau ʻano o cichlids e hilinaʻi nui ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī wai, hiki ke mālama ʻia ʻo Severum cichloma i kēlā me kēia paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka 4-10 ° dH e hōʻoluʻolu loa iā ia. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka hakakā i ka 66.5 pH. ʻAʻole e hoʻokani ka kukui no kēia mau iʻa i kahi kuleana kūikawā, akā ʻo ka mea ʻoluʻolu loa no lākou e māmā me nā aniani hina.

E makemake ana ka Severum cichlid i nā wai noho, "wai kahiko". Pono e lawe ʻia ka loli wai i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma i ka nui o ka 1/5 o ka nui o ka nui o ka aquarium. Pono ia e hōʻoia pono he maʻemaʻe ka wai. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau i loko o kahi aku aku no ka hoʻōla hou. ʻOiai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ka aquarium, ʻo kēia mau iʻa e makemake e ʻai i kahi pā i lawe ʻia e ka moka. I mea e mālama pono ai i nā iʻa iʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kahawai liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana i kahi kānana o waho.

No ka mea ʻo Severum cichlazoma he mea hoihoi hoihoi, pono ke paʻa i ka pā o ka mea ʻona.

Kūlike

Mālama e mālama i ka Severum i nā pua o 6-10 iʻa. ʻO kahi nui o nā kaakui a me nā hale he nui no ka ʻoni ʻana i ka lewa e hana i kahi ʻano noho maikaʻi no lākou. Inā e hoʻoholo ʻoe e hoʻohui i kēia mau iʻa me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā hoahele maikaʻi loa ka: astronotus, cichlosoma ʻeleʻele nui, cichlosome ʻoluʻolu, bee, catfish, pale synodontis, plokiaomus, gill gill catfish, gill gill catfish, acar (koe wale nō nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi), nui ka barbus, m a me uaru

ʻAʻole hikiʻole ke hoʻohui pū me nā iʻa i ka pale, me nā mea liʻiliʻi e me ka liʻiliʻi. E ʻike nā Severich cichlids iā lākou e like me ka mea hānai.

Hānai

Ma ka nohona kūlohelohe, hānai nui nā Severum cichlids i nā meaʻai kanu. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ia e hoʻokomo wale i ia i ka papa kuhikuhi, akā e hana i ka kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa. No kēia, ua kūpono nā ʻūpī o nā kukama, zucchini, spalded spinach, kāpeti a me ka ʻala, ka pepa maikaʻi, nā duckweed, nā pā a me nā pīni i kūpono. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa o ka meaʻai, nā papa kuʻuna a me nā ʻōlio ʻana e kūpono loa. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, he alakino ka iʻa a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai kūikawā.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻiʻo momona i kekahi manawa. Kahi nā meaʻai e alakaʻi ai i ka maʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hānai iā lākou i ka iʻa ʻulaʻa piha a piha paha, piha, tubule, bloodworm, gammarus, earthworms.

Hana ʻia ka Feum Severum i ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā me ka manawa like. Pono ka lawelawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā wahi liʻiliʻi e pale aku i ka overeating a me nā māla ma hope aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka meaʻai nui loa.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka hua pālua Severum ʻaʻole wale i ka loli a me ka loli pinepine ʻana o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā iʻa mai nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole lākou a me he kaikaina lāua. Inā ʻaʻole, aia ka hua i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻoneʻe i ka degeneration. Ua koho kūʻokoʻa kekahi mau iʻa i ke kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iʻa ka hiki ke hana i nā kāne like ʻole (ʻo ke ʻano, he wahine me ka wahine). I kēia hihia, e hoʻomau ka caviar. Akā i ka nui o nā manawa, ʻohi ka iʻa i ka hoa o ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻohana o 3 mau kānaka (hoʻokahi kāne a 2 mau wahine).

Hoʻokumu ʻo Severum i nā hua olakino o nā cichlids mai nā makahiki he 1,5, akā hiki iā ia ke hele mua ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopili. Hoʻopau ʻia kēia ma kekahi mau manawa: hoʻololi i ka wai i ʻelua mau manawa i ka hebedoma no 10% o ka huina o ka nui, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka pae ʻana o ka wai ma nā awelika, a laila e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka 5 ° C

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o spawning, hoʻonohonoho pinepine ke kāne i kahi hōʻike nani - hula lākou i kahi waltz me nā waha i hoʻopili pū ʻia. A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kāne a me ka wahine i kahi no ka palaoa wāʻoi. No ka hana i kēia, pono ka nui o ka aquarium i kahi pōhaku ākea nui a i ʻole ka palia kōpili. Holo a wahine nā kāne, a ʻauʻau ke kāne ma hope o ka māla ʻana i ka hua. Mālua nā mākua ʻelua i nā hua: a hoʻihoʻi ka makuahine i nā hua a ʻole i ʻoki ʻia, a haʻalele ka makuakāne i nā iʻa e hala ana. Hoʻolahalaha nui ka lālani a puni ke kolu o ka lā 3. Hiki i ke koʻikoʻi cichlid ke hānai pilikino i nā hua no ka manawa mua ma muli o ka mea huna huna mai ka epithelium. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e kū mau, e like me ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o incubators no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kā Severum, ua pau kā lākou i ka hiʻona ʻana o ka hānai keiki.

Ke ulu ikaika nei nā Severums liʻiliʻi i ka manawa mua. Ma ka mahina hoʻokahi, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa a hiki i ka 1 cm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i ka ʻōpio me nā daphnia, artemia, a me nā rotif mai ka makahiki hoʻokahi. A mai 3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, hiki i ka Severum cichlazoma liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopau i ka earthworm cut, tubule a me nā koko koko.

Manaʻo ʻo Aquarists iā Severum i kā lākou mau holoholona a me nā punahele o ka ʻohana āpau. Mālama kēia iʻa i ka mea nona ka mea hānai iā ia iho me kona mau lima a uhai hoʻi i ke kua. ʻO kāna mau mea lokomaikaʻi a me kona neʻe ʻana i ka pono, me ka waiho ʻana i kahi mālamalama ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i kūpono i ka nānā ʻana i ka iʻa no nā hola. ʻO ka mālama a me ka hānai e hana ana i nā kūlana hōʻoluʻolu no Severum, a e ʻoluʻolu ʻo ka iʻa iā ʻoe no ka manawa lōʻihi a me ka pīhoihoi iā ʻoe.

Aʻikepili i ka ʻike

ʻO kekahi o nā cichlids kaulana loa i ka aquarium. ʻOiai he maikaʻi lākou no ka poʻe hoʻomaka a me nā mea hoihoi, he mea koʻikoʻi kēia hoʻomanaʻo ʻana he ʻano iʻa nui kēia e ulu koke.

Inā ʻoe e hana i nā kūlana kūpono no ia, a hoʻonoho iā ia me nā hoalauna o ka laulā like, a laila ʻaʻole ia e kūkulu i kekahi pilikia.

ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka huahele o nā "koa ʻākau"

Hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa incubation no hoʻokahi pule. I kēia manawa āpau, e mākaʻikaʻi nā mākua ma kāna keiki. Lūlū lākou i nā hua make, fins ventilate the masonry. Hoʻomaka ka Pōʻihi momona e holo i ka hiku o ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. A laila hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻai starter, no ka mikroplankton, nā meaʻai kūikawā no ka palaoa a i ʻole nauplii o ka brine shrimp. No kekahi mau wiki 2-3, e noho kokoke ana ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne, e pale ana i ka palaoa mai kekahi mea, he hypothetical wale nō. Inā lawaiʻa kekahi kahi lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe, e huki ka makua i ka peʻe e komo a hūnā paha i nā keiki ma ko lākou waha.

Ke ulu mālie kona ʻōpio. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina e hiki aku ai ko lākou mau kino i ka lōʻihi o 1 cm. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ka waiho kala ʻana i nā hua ma loko o nā pēpē, a ʻaʻohe nā mākua e mālama iā lākou. He mea nui ia i ka wai ma ka hale i loko me ka pīkī e hoʻomau mau ʻia, inā ʻole nā ​​ʻōpio ʻōpio e loaʻa i nā ʻano kino pilikino.

ʻAno e hoʻokū

Hoʻopili i ka manawa spawning, kahi nani nani kēia a me ka mālie no nā cichlids o kahi like. ʻO kēia ke koho maikaʻi i kahi kaiāulu o nā ʻano iʻa nui a maluhia. ʻO ke kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Hema.

Noho mālie lākou e noho nei me ka Akaras a me nā Scalaria, a i loko o nā pūʻulu nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe pono ʻoe iā ia a mālama iā lākou me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me ka Guppies a me nā Neons. Kūleʻa nui ka uluʻana, inā paha ma kahi o 20 cm (e lawe ana kēia ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki), a laila lohi hou.

Hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke hōʻike i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa like ʻole - ke territoriality i ka wā e ulu ana lākou, inā mālama wale ʻia ʻoe. Ma keʻano ākea, hiki ke pale pinepine ʻia kēlā ʻano ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka ʻoihana o nā ʻohana.

Hoʻoholo hoʻoholo

Hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana e ka wahine a me nā mea hoʻonaʻauao i ʻike. He kūlike ʻole kēia mau ʻokoʻa a hiki i ke iʻa i hiki ke hoʻohilahila ʻia i kēia pilikia. No ka laʻana, aia kekahi manawa aia nā wahine ʻelua i hana i kahi pālua, spawn, akā hoʻomau ʻia ia no ka maʻi maʻamau. Aia aia nō kekahi mau hōʻailona e kōkua i ke ʻano ʻē i kahi kāne mai ka wahine.

• ka ʻoi aku o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o nā anal a me nā dorsal i nā keikikāne,
• ʻ islohi ʻia ke kala o nā kāne,
• i ka uea o ke kaikamahine a oi aku kona ano.
• ua hoʻolima maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu a ke keikikāne me kāna mau pua ʻeleʻele,
• “hōʻailona ʻia” nā wahine me kahi wahi pōʻeleʻele ma ka dorsal fin.

Akuula

ʻO nā mea Aquariums me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o 120 * 45 * 45 cm - mai 240 liter he kūpono no ka mālama pono.

E maʻalahi maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka biotope. E hoʻohana i kahi substrate o ka one kahawai, e hoʻohui i kekahi mau pōhaku, snags a me nā lālā. ʻAʻole ʻano iki o nā mea kanu me nā ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻAe i ka driftwood a waiho waiho i nā wai i ka wai o ke kīwī palupalu. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i kahi pēpē wai piha i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka waʻa lau me ka kānana e kōkua i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kūlana "ʻeleʻele". E hoʻohana i nā kukui kukui.

Loaʻa nā hoʻololi

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi wahine mai ke kāne kāne, ʻo ka mea ʻōpio ʻoi aku i loaʻa ka hilahila. He wahi ʻeleʻele ka wahine ma ka lepa dorsal, ʻaʻohe ʻōpiopio ma ka uhi uhi - nā palahalaha pālahalaha (he wahine nā kāʻei a ka wahine ma ke ʻano o nā dots).

ʻO ke kane kāne a me nā dorsal fally e ʻoi aku, a loaʻa iā ia kahi maka convex.

He mea paʻakikī loa ia e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā puka ʻulaʻula, e like me nā ʻulaʻula, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mau kīhāpai ma nā haki.

ʻO kaʻikepili hōʻoluʻolu

Ma muli o ka nui o ka iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho wale iā lākou i loko o nā hale i me ka nui o ka lita 150 a i ʻole paha i hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o ka nui a me ka nui o ka aquarium i ke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻololi o ke kino o ka mokuʻala - ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi ʻano elongated. Akā ʻo nā aquariums ākea i nā ʻaoʻao āpau e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike i nā mea like ʻole disc.

No kahi ola leʻaleʻa, pono ʻoe e koho i ka aquarium, e like me ka i ʻōlelo ʻia, 150 lita i pākahi, a ʻoi aku ʻo 200 mau lita. I ka wā e kipa ʻia ai ka aquarium no kekahi mau mea, ʻaʻole e emi iho ka nui o ka lulu ma mua o 300 lita, ua laʻi - e pili ana i 500 lita e like me ka nui o ka iʻa.

He ʻokoʻa nā kaila wai no ka Severum nā:

• ʻO ka mahana wai mai ka 23 a hiki i ka 28 degere.
• He paʻakai maʻalahi.
• ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka wai.

ʻO kēiacichlomashakakā nui ʻole a ʻae me ka pale ʻana i ka pilikia mai ka ʻā ʻana o ke kauwela, ʻike pinepine ʻia nō hoʻi lākou e nā maʻi.

Pono ka iʻa me ka filtration kiʻekiʻe a me ka average no ka wikiwiki. No laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻohuihui i ka waiwai no Severum, pono ia e kau i kahi ʻāpana hoʻolaʻa kūlohelohe no ka wai a me nā kānana kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, hana maʻamau iā ʻoe no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo o ka iʻa i mea e hoʻopau ai i nā huahana ʻōpala.

ʻAno hānau

E like me nā cichlids he nui, mālama pono ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a me nā kahu hānai i ka pala. Hoʻololi ke ʻano hui i kahi lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻoiai he paʻakikī loa ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kāne mai ka wahine, lawe lākou i ka palaoa me 6-8 a ulu pū, ʻo ia ka iʻa ke koho i kahi mau pūna.

Hiki ke hoʻopili i nā pōpoki ma nā ʻōhua wai like ʻole, akā ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi ma ka wai palupalu, me ka pH ma nā ʻāina 6 a me kahi mahana o 26-27 ° C. No laila, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka huaʻai e ka nui o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai wai.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻo Severums i ka punawai like me lākou e noho ai, akā pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou huhū i kēia manawa. Makemake lākou e waiho hua ʻai ma luna o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka driftwood. Ua waiho ʻia ka wahine ma kahi o 1000 mau hua liʻiliʻi

iā lākou, mālama ka kāne iā lākou a mālama nā mākua i nā ʻuna a me ka kō.

Ma hope o ka pipi ʻana i ka pīkī, mālama nā mākua i ka mea ʻae ʻia, e ʻae ana i ka mea ʻai e ʻai ai i ka artemia nauplii, ka mea ʻai kai, a me ka haʻalulu.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pīkī ke hōʻili i kahi huna pilikino mai ka ʻili o nā mākua, ka mea huna lākou i ka nui o ka hānai. Hiki i nā mākua ke mālama i ka palaoa no ka 6 mau pule.

Nā Nānā

ʻO Severum (Heros efasciatus) kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa a maʻalahi i ka cichlids i loko o ka aquarium, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mea a pau i hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke hiki i nā nui nui, a no laila ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻano aquarium. Kele ʻia ka iʻa i kahi kala hina hina no kahi ʻōpio.
He ʻona maikaʻi loa ʻo Severum no ka mea ʻakena me ke kaiāulu o ʻAmelika Hema, inā loaʻa ʻole kahi ʻāpana iʻa liʻiliʻi no lākou e ʻai ai. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, no laila e hoʻonoho ʻia lākou i loko o ka hale kanu maikaʻi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana.

Maʻi maʻi

He kino maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka iʻa Aquarium Severum a ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā maʻi like ʻole. Kū pinepine lākou inā mālama ʻia ka holoholona i nā kūlana maikaʻi, no ka mea ua nalowale ʻo ia i ka pale ʻana.

ʻOi aku kēia mau holoholona i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai. Inā mālama ʻia kahi ʻike kiʻekiʻe o nā mea pili i nā mea momona o loko, a laila pili koke kēia i ka ʻano o ke kanaka. No laila, ʻike i kēia mau loli, pono e hoʻololi koke i ka wai me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo a me ka kānana.

Ma nā kaukuhi hoʻi, kākau ka poʻe nona kēia mau iʻa e maʻi lākou me ka "semolina". ʻO kēia kahi maʻiʻino, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia me nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a puni ke kino holoʻokoʻa. I mea e hoʻōla ai ichthyophthyroidism, pono ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o ka wai i ka 30 tikelika, e huli ma kahi aer. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kūlana, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, maʻamau ka methylene blue, antipar, metronidazole, a pēlā aku.

He kino ikaika ke ʻano ʻo Severum liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole i pili i nā maʻi like ʻole. Akā ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka make ʻole, ka mea e hiki ai iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi maʻi e like me ichthyophthyroidism.